Journal articles on the topic 'Drum Patterns'
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1
Grubich, J. R. "Crushing motor patterns in drum (Teleostei: Sciaenidae): functional novelties associated with molluscivory." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 3161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.20.3161.
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This study explores the evolution of molluscivory in the marine teleost family Sciaenidae by comparing the motor activity patterns of the pharyngeal muscles of two closely related taxa, the molluscivorous black drum (Pogonias cromis) and the generalist red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Muscle activity patterns were recorded simultaneously from eight pharyngeal muscles. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded during feeding on three prey types that varied in shell hardness. Canonical variate and discriminant function analyses were used to describe the distinctness of drum pharyngeal processing behaviors. Discriminant functions built of EMG timing variables were more accurate than muscle activity intensity at identifying cycles by prey type and species. Both drum species demonstrated the ability to modulate pharyngeal motor patterns in response to prey hardness. The mean motor patterns and the canonical variate space of crushing behavior indicated that black drum employed a novel motor pattern during molluscivory. The mollusc-crushing motor pattern of black drum is different from other neoteleost pharyngeal behaviors in lacking upper jaw retraction by the retractor dorsalis muscle. This functional modification suggests that crushing hard-shelled marine bivalves requires a ‘vice-like’ compression bite in contrast to the shearing forces that are applied to weaker-shelled fiddler crabs by red drum and to freshwater snails by redear sunfish.
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Hoesl, Florian, and Olivier Senn. "Modelling perceived syncopation in popular music drum patterns." Music & Science 1 (January 1, 2018): 205920431879146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204318791464.
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Recent studies suggest that rhythmic syncopation is a relevant predictor for groove. In order to validate these claims, a reliable measure of rhythmic syncopation is required. This article investigates whether a particular notation-based model for estimating syncopation in Western popular music drum patterns adequately predicts perceived syncopation. A listening experiment was carried out with 25 professional musicians. Six popular music drum patterns were presented to the participants in all 15 pairwise combinations, and the participants chose the pattern from each pair that was more syncopated (win), compared to the other pattern (lose). Perceived syncopation was defined as the proportion of wins for each stimulus. The experiment showed that the model works well in general, but that it overemphasises the weight of syncopes on weak metric positions. This exaggerates the syncopation value of one particular drum pattern and generally leads to inflated syncopation values in the upper syncopation range. In consequence, the fit between the model and perceived syncopation was poor, even when flexible logarithmic functions [Formula: see text], p < .001) or exponential approach functions ([Formula: see text], p < .001) were used to link the model predictions to perceived syncopation. The model was revised and a numeric optimisation process was carried out to improve its fit. The revised model produces syncopation estimates that have a linear relationship with the perceived syncopation measures and a good fit with the data ([Formula: see text], p = .469). However, this revised model is based on only six drum patterns that cover a very limited range of rhythmic phenomena. In order to create a general model of syncopation in popular music drum patterns, further modelling work is necessary that involves a larger number and a wider variety of patterns.
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Mak, C. H., C. F. Cheung, M. J. Ren, L. B. Kong, and S. To. "A Study of Cutting Strategy in Single-Point Diamond Turning of Micro V-Groove Patterns on Precision Roller Drums." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.742.
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This paper presents a study of cutting strategies on the surface generation in single-point diamond turning of micro V-groove patterns on precision roller drums. An aluminium precision roller drum with a diameter 250mm and 100 long was diamond turned with a V-groove pattern. A series of cutting experiments were designed to study the effect of the variation of various cutting parameters and cutting tool paths on the surface quality in diamond turning of the precision roller drum. The parameters under investigation included the depth of cut, number of steps and the depth for each cut when diamond turning V-grooves on the cylindrical surface of a workpiece. The measurement result indicates that the surface quality of V-grooves machined on the precision roller drums is affected by cutting strategies. The optimal cutting strategy for machining a V-groove pattern on a precision drum with 5µm depth was obtained.
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Snyder, Joel S., Erin E. Hannon, Edward W. Large, and Morten H. Christiansen. "Synchronization and Continuation Tapping to Complex Meters." Music Perception 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2006.24.2.135.
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The goal of this study was to assess the ability of North American adults to synchronize and continue their tapping to complex meter patterns in the presence and absence of musical cues to meter.We asked participants to tap to drum patterns structured according to two different 7/8 meters common in Balkan music. Each meter contained three nonisochronous drumbeats per measure, forming intervals in a short-short-long (SSL) or a long-short-short (LSS) pattern. In the synchronization phase of each trial, participants were asked to tap in synchrony with a drum pattern that was accompanied by either a matching or a mismatching Balkan folk melody. In the continuation phase of the trial, the drum pattern was turned off and participants continued tapping the drum pattern accompanied by the same melody or by silence. Participants produced ratios of long to short inter-tap intervals during synchronization that were between the target ratio of 3:2 and a simple-meter ratio of 2:1. During continuation, participants maintained a similar ratio as long as the melody was present but when the melody was absent the ratios were stretched even more toward 2:1. Tapping variability and tapping position relative to the target locations during synchronization and ratio production during both synchronization and continuation showed that the temporal grouping of tones in the drum pattern was more influential on tapping performance than the particular meter (i.e., SSL vs. LSS). These findings demonstrate that people raised in North America find it difficult to produce complex metrical patterns, especially in the absence of exogenous cues and even when provided with musical stimuli to aid them in tapping accurately.
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RYPEL, ANDREW L., and JUSTIN B. MITCHELL. "Summer Nocturnal Patterns in Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens)." American Midland Naturalist 157, no. 1 (January 2007): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[230:snpifd]2.0.co;2.
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Kubik, Gerhard. "Drum Patterns in the "Batuque" of Benedito Caxias." Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana 11, no. 2 (1990): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/780123.
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Yang, C., M. T. Suidan, X. Zhu, and B. J. Kim. "Biomass accumulation patterns for removing volatile organic compounds in rotating drum biofilters." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 8 (November 1, 2003): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0456.
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A rotating drum biofilter (RDB) with multi-layered foam media was developed for the improvement of current biofiltration technology. The biofilter was used to investigate the effects of organic loadings and influent volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations on VOC removal efficiency and biomass accumulation. These effects were evaluated using diethyl ether and toluene separately as model VOCs at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 30 s. When the toluene loading increased from 2.0 to 4.0 and 8.0 kgCOD m-3 day-1, toluene removal efficiency of the biofilter decreased from over 99% to 78% and 74%, respectively. The biomass distribution was found to be more even within the medium when removing toluene than when removing diethyl ether. Higher organic loading also resulted in the more even distribution of the biomass. The ratios of biomass accumulation rates in the medium of the outermost, middle and innermost layers ranged from 1:0.11:0.02 when removing diethyl ether at 2.0 kgCOD m-3 day-1 to1:0.69:0.51 when removing toluene at 8.0 kgCOD m-3 day-1. Review of these ratios revealed three biomass accumulation patterns: surface pattern, in-depth pattern and shallow pattern. Different patterns represent different removal mechanisms in the biofiltration process. Improved biofilter design and operation should be based on the biomass accumulation pattern.
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Phimprajun, Rukbancha, Thanaporn Pengsri, Sarawut Choatchamrat, and Sayam Chuangprakhon. "Guidelines for the Development of Silp-Isan Klong Yao Band Performance Style." Journal of Educational Issues 8, no. 2 (September 7, 2022): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v8i2.20116.
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This research aims to 1) study the style and development of the Silp-Isan Klong Yao drum band; and 2) present the guidelines to developing and creating the Klong Yao performance style, which is an integration to teach the Klong Yao ensemble course including of students majoring in folk music, College of Music, Mahasarakham University. The researchers studied preliminary studies based on research and collect academic papers, textbooks, and reports. In addition, the researchers conducted studies based on field data collection from knowledge groups, practitioners, and individual groups. The results showed that. 1) The style and development of the Silp-Isan Klong Yao Band in terms of the form consists of musical instruments used in the Silp-Isan Klong Yao bands, long drum calibration how to play the desired sound, putting a bran drummer on tambourine, a ceremony to pay respects to teachers, dressing, and Isan long drumming patterns and techniques; 2) Guidelines for developing and creating a Klong Yao band performance style can be divided into two styles: 1) Long drum band performance style: ancient drum beats before the Isan long drum show use the band’s opening song with the New Sutsanan melody and Lai Mak Gab Gab Lam Plearn melody. The tempo of 2/4 is mixed with the tempo of 4/4 and followed by an ancient drum rhythm based on the rhythm of a creative Isan long drum; 2) Klong Yao band performance style applied rhythm consists of Soy Tang Ubon pattern, Tang-Wai-Aok-Sing pattern, Sutsanan pattern is mixed with Tong-Wai pattern, and Lam-sing keyboard with using the structure of Lam Plearn pattern. The bass keyboard uses the Cm scale and uses popular classical songs to the rhythm to be consistent with the row deployment and concatenation show. In summary, Sin-Isan drum band performance has developed styles continuously.
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Choo, Kiam, T. C. A. Molteno, and Stephen W. Morris. "Traveling Granular Segregation Patterns in a Long Drum Mixer." Physical Review Letters 79, no. 16 (October 20, 1997): 2975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.79.2975.
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Oludare, Olupemi. "Street language in Dùndún Drum Language." African Music : Journal of the International Library of African Music 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v12i1.2429.
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Dùndún drum language is a practice of speech surrogacy employed by dùndún drummers in Yoruba culture. The dùndún drummers play sequences of melo-rhythmic patterns; a form of communication that employs musical and linguistic elements, comprehensible to listeners knowledgeable in the Yoruba language. Although these sequenced patterns are sourced from Yoruba everyday sentences and oral genres (proverbs, poetry, praise-chants, and idiomatic phrases), the drummers also embrace other social narratives. These include the popular linguistic expressions in public spaces referred to as “street language.” This is because the streets serve as spaces for social life, musical and cultural imaginaries, musical and language expressions, and identity. This street language, referred to as “ohùn ìgboro” in Yoruba, include slang (saje), slurs (òtè), neologies (ènà), satire (èfè), dance-drum patterns (àlùjó), and socio-political slogans (àtúnlò-èdè). This article explores the influence of street language on dùndún music. This article follows an ethnographic model, with an analysis of the content of the dùndún music and its associated texts. The article’s findings include the extent to which the two cultures have overlapped, and the various socio-cultural benefits of adopting the language of each other’s cultural practices. In the process, the article contributes to the debate on authenticity and social structure in Yoruba culture. The article emphasises the need for an integrated research approach of music and language and their interrelationship to street cultures in Nigeria.
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Hellmer, Kahl, and Guy Madison. "Quantifying Microtiming Patterning and Variability in Drum Kit Recordings." Music Perception 33, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2015.33.2.147.
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Human performers introduce temporal variability in their performance of music. The variability consists of both long-range tempo changes and microtiming variability that are note-to-note level deviations from the nominal beat time. In many contexts, microtiming is important for achieving certain preferred characteristics in a performance, such as hang, drive, or groove; but this variability is also, to some extent, stochastic. In this paper, we present a method for quantifying the microtiming variability. First, we transcribed drum performance audio files into empirical data using a very precise onset detection system. Second, we separated the microtiming variability into two components: systematic variability (SV), defined as recurrent temporal patterns, and residual variability (RV), defined as the residual, unexplained temporal deviation. The method was evaluated using computer-performed audio drum tracks and the results show a slight overestimation of the variability magnitude, but proportionally correct ratios between SV and RV. Thereafter two data sets were analyzed: drum performances from a MIDI drum kit and real-life drum performances from professional drum recordings. The results from these data sets show that up to 65 percent of the total micro-timing variability can be explained by recurring and consistent patterns.
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Choo, Kiam, Michael W. Baker, T. C. A. Molteno, and Stephen W. Morris. "Dynamics of granular segregation patterns in a long drum mixer." Physical Review E 58, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 6115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.58.6115.
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Cui, Zequn, Yongzhi Zhao, Youchuan Chen, Xiao Liu, Zhengli Hua, Chilou Zhou, and Jinyang Zheng. "Transition of axial segregation patterns in a long rotating drum." Particuology 13 (April 2014): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2013.02.013.
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Pereira, G. G., S. Pucilowski, K. Liffman, and P. W. Cleary. "Streak patterns in binary granular media in a rotating drum." Applied Mathematical Modelling 35, no. 4 (April 2011): 1638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2010.09.040.
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Neuhoff, Hans, Rainer Polak, and Timo Fischinger. "Perception and Evaluation of Timing Patterns in Drum Ensemble Music from Mali." Music Perception 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2017.34.4.438.
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Polak’s (2010) chronometric analyses of Malian jembe music suggested that the characteristic “feel” of individual pieces rests upon nonisochronous subdivisions of the beat. Each feel is marked by a specific pattern of two or three different subdivisional pulses—these being either short, medium, or long. London (2010) called the possibility of more than two different pulse classes into question on psychological and theoretical grounds. To shed light on this issue, 23 professional Malian percussionists and dancers were presented with timing-manipulated phrases from a piece of Malian drumming music called “Manjanin.” In a pairwise comparison experiment, participants were asked: (1) if the items of each pair were same or different, and (2) if different, which of the two was the better example of the characteristic rhythm of Manjanin. While most contrastive pairs were well distinguished and produced clear preference ratings, participants were unable to distinguish short-medium-long patterns from short-long-long patterns, and both were preferred to all other manipulations. This supports London’s claim that, perceptually, there are only two pulse classes. We discuss further implications of these findings for music theory, involving beat subdivision, tempo effects, microtiming, and expressive variation, as well as methodological issues.
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Widhate, Parag, Haiping Zhu, Qinghua Zeng, and Kejun Dong. "Mixing of Particles in a Rotating Drum with Inclined Axis of Rotation." Processes 8, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121688.
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Various experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to study the mixing processes inside rotating drums with a horizontal axis of rotation in the past, but little effort has been made to investigate the rotating drums with an inclined axis of rotation, though such inclined drums exist in industrial waste management, food processing, power and pharmaceutical industries. To fill this gap, in this work, the discrete element method was used to study the mixing phenomena of a rotating drum for different angles of inclination from 0° to 15°. It was found that for inclined rotating drums, the whole bed Lacey mixing index is higher than that for the horizontal drum by 7.2% when the angle of inclination is 10°. The mixing index is related to the area ratio of the active region to the whole bed and volumetric fill. Increase in volumetric fill would lead to the decrease of the mixing index. The mixing index and area ratio exhibit similar patterns along the length of the drum for different angles of inclination.
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Kennedy, Robert S., Kay M. Stanney, Jannick Rolland, Mark J. Ordy, and Andrew P. Mead. "Motion Sickness Symptoms and Perception of Self Motion from Exposure to Different Wallpaper Patterns." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 26 (September 2002): 2129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204602606.
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Vection refers to the compelling visual illusion of self-motion experienced in virtual environments by stationary individuals when viewing moving visual surrounds. Early research with these perceptions generally employed a vertically striped drum of about 1.5 meters in diameter. The illusion of self-motion or vection generated in these optokinetic drums is particularly useful for studying the effects of optic flow imagery in virtual environments because the subject determines the precise time at which the vection occurs and the nauseogenic experience is stopped; thus problems of motion sickness, nausea, and vomiting can be monitored and/or minimized. This vection, presumably related to the reflexive optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), experimentally presents a non-invasive neural visual response which may be safely used for the investigation of possible motion sickness symptoms ranging from the so called Sopite syndrome to the nausea and vomiting which may be experienced in some virtual environments. Further, to be able to examine the effects of color, texture, and differing scene content, we constructed a vection drum with easily reconfigurable displays. Therefore, for stimulus material, instead of the conventional black and white stripes, we employed differing patterns of household wallpaper. Results showed that, while equal amounts of vection were produced with the wallpaper, one pattern appeared to produce less sickness.
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Nelson, T. Reid, Crystal L. Hightower, Jeff Coogan, Benjamin D. Walther, and Sean P. Powers. "Patterns and consequences of life history diversity in salinity exposure of an estuarine dependent fish." Environmental Biology of Fishes 104, no. 4 (March 20, 2021): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-021-01080-0.
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AbstractWhile it is common knowledge that Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) inhabit oligohaline waters (salinity <5), lifetime reconstructions of salinity histories have been lacking, and this study provides unique insight into interannual and ontogenetic patterns of oligohaline occupancy by this economically valuable sportfish. Growth consequences of oligohaline exposure and the relationship of oligohaline residency with river discharge were also investigated. Oligohaline exposure varied most during years 2 and 3 of life. During this time, 22% (n = 26/120 individuals) of Red Drum were oligohaline residents (≥ 90% of these years spent in oligohaline salinities), 34% (n = 41) were meso-polyhaline residents (< 10% of years 2 and 3 spent in oligohaline waters), and 44% (n = 53) spent time in both oligohaline and meso-polyhaline salinities. Trends in oligohaline residency match putative Red Drum life history. Oligohaline residents were present during years 1–6 of life; however, oligohaline residency peaked during the second year of life (n = 37, 31%) and by year 7 no oligohaline residents remained. Growth of oligohaline resident Red Drum during years 2–3 of life was lower than non-resident fish. However, long-term growth consequences of oligohaline residency were not apparent. The proportion of oligohaline residents during years 2 or 3 of life was positively related to river discharge. This divergence in salinity residency by juvenile Red Drum demonstrates that life history diversity was present in this population and that oligohaline waters provided important nursery habitat for fish that successfully recruited to the adult population.
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Setiaji, Denis. "Internalisasi dimensi interkultural permainan gendang dalam komunitas Dangdut Koplo: Sebuah kajian konstruksi sosial." Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni 14, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/dewaruci.v14i1.2533.
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Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk melihat proses terkonstruksinya dimensi interkultural pada pola permainan gendang terhadap pelaku dan para pecinta Dangdut Koplo. Pendekatan yang digunakan mengadopsi dari Ilmu Sosial yakni teori konstruksi sosial Peter L. Berger yang terdiri dari eksternalisasi, objektivasi, dan internalisasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode fenomenologi dengan melakukan studi lapangan ke sejumlah wilayah pertunjukan Dangdut Koplo di Solo Raya terutama Taman Hiburan Rakyat (THR) Sriwedari dengan objek kelompok musik Areva sebagai bahan studi kasus. Proses konstruksi sosial masyarakat Dangdut Koplo dideskripsikan melalui analisis pada transkrip pola-pola gendang dan dampak musikalnya. Tahap eksternalisasi melibatkan konsep dan kreativitas Areva dalam menghasilkan serta mengembangkan dimensi interkultural pada pola permainan gendang. Kreativitas dalam bentuk pola-pola gendang bermuatan proses interkultural dihadirkan dengan melibatkan interaksi intersubjek sehingga menghasilkan produk interaktif berupa senggakan dan gerak-gerak komunitas joged pada proses objektivasi. Media pentas dan konser menjadi proses sosialisasi yang membuat masyarakat dari satu kolektif ke kolektif lain, melihat Areva Musik sebagai manifestasi dari Dangdut Koplo, pada tahap internalisasi. ABSTRACTThis research focused on the construction process of the intercultural dimension of the drums pattern among Dangdut Koplo’s society. The approach used to adopt from the social sciences, that was social construction theory from Peter l. Berger consist of externalization, internalization, and objectivation. Research conducted using the method of Phenomenology by doing fieldwork to several areas performing Live of Dangdut Koplo in Solo and surroundings especially on Taman Hiburan Rakyat (THR) Sriwedari with Areva Music group as a case study. The process of the social construction of society Dangdut Koplo described through analysis on transcripts of drum patterns and the impact of its. Externalization stage involves the concept of creativity from Areva Music in generating and developing intercultural dimension on the drum pattern of the gendang’s player. Creativity in the form of many drum patterns featured an intercultural process involving the subject to subject interaction to produce interactive products in the form of senggakan and some motion from joged’s community on the process of objectivation. The medium of performances and concerts into a process of socialization that make communities from one another, the collective to collective see that Areva Music group as a manifestation of Dangdut Koplo, at the process of internalization.
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Pereira, Donald L., Yosef Cohen, and George R. Spangler. "Dynamics and Species Interactions in the Commercial Fishery of the Red lakes, Minnesota." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-033.
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The Red Lakes, Minnesota, have supported a commercial fishery for walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) since 1917. Since 1972, harvests indicate increased variance in recruitment of percids and an increase in biomass of freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens). We subjected commercial catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) records of walleye, yellow perch, and animal feed (composed primarily of drum) to spectral analysis. Estimated power spectra displayed peaks at 8.5, 10, and 17 yr for walleye, yellow perch, and animal feed, respectively. Walleye and yellow perch CPUE time series were significantly coherent at periods ranging from 5to 10 yr, confirming the predator–prey relationship and common recruitment patterns of these two species. Interpretation of coherency between drum and the two percid species required knowledge of the age distribution of freshwater drum. The apparent exponential increase in drum biomass as indicated by commercial CPUE is primarily due to strong year classes in 1955, 1970, and 1983. While drum recruitment and growth are consistent with the periodicity in the autospectrum, we find little evidence from coherencies that drum recruitment is related to the dynamics of wlleye or perch populations.
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Murariu, Vasile, and Jan Svoboda. "The Applicability of Davis Tube Tests to Ore Separation by Drum Magnetic Separators." Physical Separation in Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478647031000101223.
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The current practice of assessing the efficiency of recovery of magnetite and ferrosilicon by drum magnetic separators is to conduct Davis tube tests at a magnetic induction equal to that on the surface of the drum. It is, however, the magnetic force or the force index, and not the magnetic field strength, that are decisive in the operation of a magneticseparator. Since the magneticfield gradients generated by Davis tube and drum magnetic separators are generally different, it is unlikely that the above practice would yield correct information. This article analyses the patterns of the force index generated by drum magnetic separators and a Davis tube operated at different field strengths. It is shown that in order to obtain a correct assessment of the efficiency of separation by a ferrite drum magnetic separator, a Davis tube should be operated at the field of about 0.1 T, which is lower than the current practice suggests. For a rare-earth drum separator the Davis tube operating field should be at least 0.3 T.
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Yada, Hirotaka, Toshihiro Kawaguchi, and Toshitsugu Tanaka. "Relation between segregation patterns and granular flow modes in conical rotating drum." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 21, no. 3 (September 2010): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2009.12.007.
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Gohn, Daniel Marcondes. "‘Feeling Brazilian’: The search for authenticity in drum kit playing." Journal of Popular Music Education 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jpme_00058_1.
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The influence of Brazilian rhythms is pervasive in modern drum kit practices. Information about them can be accessed through drumming books or online searches, with ostinatos for the feet and sticking combinations for the hands, which usually are adaptations from patterns traditionally played with hand percussion instruments. Those patterns instruct drummers on what to play; however, the discussion on how to play them to sound authentic is scarce. This article explores this topic and suggests that timing nuances and performance gestures are fundamental for its comprehension. In that sense, an exclusively analytical approach to the rhythmic nuances, in which grooves are described in terms of milliseconds, is not considered sufficient. In order to fully grasp the ‘Brazilian feel’, it is suggested that a broader spectrum of elements of expression should be observed, as dancing, religion, spoken language and other aspects of everyday life might have effects on musical outcomes.
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Fakhleri Fallen, Aryuda, and Agung Dwi Putra. "PENEKANAN PEMAHAMAN PULSA PADA MATERI AJAR DRUMS 1 YAMAHA MUSIC FOUNDATION." Jurnal Sendratasik 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jsu.v9i1.109381.
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AbstractThis study aims to find out how the emphasizing is on pulses understanding in the Drums 1 Yamaha Music Foundation teaching material. The type of this research is a qualitative paradigm with a content analysis approach. The object of this research was the Drums 1 Yamaha Music Foundation book, and the research subject was pulse suppression contained in the drum practice material. The research instrument was the author itself and was assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery, laptop, and mobile phone. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The data types were primary and secondary data. The data were analyzed through practicing, analyzing, eliciting findings, describing findings, and making conclusion. The results show that the Drums 1 Yamaha Music Foundation book is a teaching material intended for students / drummers at the beginner stage (beginner) in the 10th & 9th grade. Therefore, Yamaha provides systematic learning and focuses on pulses as a reference for learning, so pulses are considered crucial. This study reveals the pulses implicitly stated in the Drums 1 Yamaha Music Foundation book where pulses are implemented in 3 forms of practice patterns which are mutually applied. The quarter pulses applied to stick control is a main foundation to orchestrate the pulses in the from of not subdivision, not variation, rhythm pattern, and the drum fill-in. The difference is on where the focus is located. So the research definitively has proven that there is emphasizing of pulses which are presented in various forms of practice patterns.Keywords: Emphasis, understanding pulse, Learning Drums 1 Yamaha Music Foundation
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Mironov, Aleksander, Pavel Shalupina, Aleksander Pavlyukov, and Ivan Dobychin. "Simulation of wheel heating when drum braking." MATEC Web of Conferences 216 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821603010.
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Application of heating control systems is rational for effective prevention of thermal-mechanical damages of the wheels and brake shoes of rolling stock. These systems enable to perform diagnosis of brake equipment elements and to evaluate the effectiveness of drum braking process in terms of wheel heating. The present study aims to assess wheel heating when drum braking and to define the most informative zones and threshold control values for heating control systems. Heating evaluation is conducted using finite element method under different braking modes. Research results are given as heating patterns in solid-rolled wheel of freight car; the influence of the air distributor mode on the wheel heating is considered, the most informative zones for heating control are identified.
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Sun, Yong, X. S. Li, and Wen Shao. "Influence of Cutting Parameters and Interactions on the Depth of Cut in Continuous Mining Operation." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1422.
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During mechanized continuous mining, the depth of cut (DOC) of picks on the drum directly affects the forces exerted on the picks, as well as the forces and torque acting on the drum. Therefore, accurate analysis of DOC of individual picks is needed to optimize the design of the drum and the operation of the continuous mining machine. However, the current existing models cannot meet this need, because they only take into account drum advance speed per revolution and the spirals of picks or the picks per cutting line. In this paper, we attempt to improve the accuracy of DOC calculation by considering drum advance speed per revolution, cutting patterns, the interactions between picks and the profiles of picks. Furthermore, the change of DOC of individual pick in a cutting cycle is also analyzed. The proposed models can help calculate pick forces and drum’s reactive forces more accurately. They also enable those empirical force models which are developed based on the experiments with small DOC to be used for force analysis with larger DOC more accurately.
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Cho, J. C., and B. C. Jung. "Prediction of Tread Pattern Wear by an Explicit Finite Element Model3." Tire Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 276–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2804913.
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Abstract Tread pattern wear is predicted by using an explicit finite element model (FEM) and compared with the indoor drum test results under a set of actual driving conditions. One pattern is used to determine the wear rate equation, which is composed of slip velocity and tangential stress under a single driving condition. Two other patterns with the same size (225/45ZR17) and profile are used to be simulated and compared with the indoor wear test results under the actual driving conditions. As a study on the rubber wear rate equation, trial wear rates are assumed by several constitutive equations and each trial wear rate is integrated along time to yield the total accumulated wear under a selected single cornering condition. The trial constitutive equations are defined by independently varying each exponent of slip velocity and tangential stress. The integrated results are compared with the indoor test results, and the best matching constitutive equation for wear is selected for the following wear simulation of two other patterns under actual driving conditions. Tens of thousands of driving conditions of a tire are categorized into a small number of simplified conditions by a suggested simplification procedure which considers the driving condition frequency and weighting function. Both of these simplified conditions and the original actual conditions are tested on the indoor drum test machines. The two results can be regarded to be in good agreement if the deviation that exists in the data is mainly due to the difference in the test velocity. Therefore, the simplification procedure is justified. By applying the selected wear rate equation and the simplified driving conditions to the explicit FEM simulation, the simulated wear results for the two patterns show good match with the actual indoor wear results.
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Воляник, О. Ю. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ РОБОЧИХ ОРГАНІВ БАРАБАНА ВІДЦЕНТРОВОЇ МАШИНИ З ОБРОБЛЮВАНИМ МАТЕРІАЛОМ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 150, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.5.1.
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Carrying out of analytical research of interaction of operation device of a drum with materials in the centrifugal car for processing of products of the light industry. Determining the dependences and significant parameters of the operation devices that affect the nature of the movement of processed materials in the drum. Methodology. Methods of mathematical study of geometrical parameters of operation devices of the centrifugal machine and their influence on character of movement of the processed material in a hydroextractor drum are used. Results. An analytical study of the interaction of the operation devices of the drum with the material in a centrifugal machine for processing light industry products using methods of mathematical analysis of the geometric shape of the side surface. This method is based on the principle of detecting patterns of motion of material points in the plane of the side surface of the operation device of the drum of the centrifugal machine. The validity of the conclusions of the study on the example of the characteristics of the surface of the operation device of the helical shape is proved. Scientific novelty. The parameters and indicators that must be taken into account when studying the interaction of the operation devices of the drums of centrifugal machines for processing light industry products are analyzed and presented. Practical significance. As a result of the analytical study, the shape was considered and the most significant geometrical parameters of the operation device of the centrifugal machine were determined, which determine the nature of the movement of the processed material in the hydroextractor drum. The obtained dependences and conclusions can be used in the design of the operation devices of centrifugal drum machines for processing various materials in light industry. The information presented in the article is of interest to scientists who study the problems of processing and interaction of materials and mixtures in rotary centrifugal systems, is of practical importance for engineers in mechanical engineering, instrumentation, consumer services, technologists of food, light, chemical and others.
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Usha, K., and P. A. Subha. "Star-coupled Hindmarsh–Rose neural network with chemical synapses." International Journal of Modern Physics C 29, no. 03 (March 2018): 1850023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183118500237.
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We analyze the patterns like synchrony, desynchrony, and Drum head mode in a network of Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) neurons interacting via chemical synapse in unidirectional and bidirectional star topology. A two-coupled system has been studied for synchronization by varying the coupling strength and the parameter describing the activation and inactivation of the fast ion channel. The transverse Lyapunov exponent spectrum is plotted to observe the point of transition from desynchrony to synchrony. The synchronized, desynchronized, and drum head mode regions are observed when the neurons are connected in unidirectional and bidirectional coupling configurations. A detailed analysis about the time evolution of membrane potential corresponding to each region is presented. The annihilation of synchronized region and the expansion of drum head mode region in bidirectional coupling is discussed using parameter space. Our work provides finer insight into the existence and stability of Drum head mode and is useful for designing communication networks.
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Frane, Andrew V. "Swing Rhythm in Classic Drum Breaks From Hip-Hop’s Breakbeat Canon." Music Perception 34, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2017.34.3.291.
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Certain recorded drum breaks, i.e., drum patterns played without other instrumentation, have achieved iconic status, largely as a result of being frequently “sampled” in other recordings. Although these highly influential drum breaks (sometimes called breakbeats) have been integral to much of the hip-hop and other music produced in recent decades, there has been little scholarly investigation of their rhythmic features. To that end, this study examined 30 classic drum breaks from the “breakbeat canon,” focusing primarily on sixteenth-note swing (a systematic delay of even-numbered sixteenth-note divisions of the pulse). Such swing was common among the examined drum breaks, though the magnitude of swing was often fairly subtle (median swing ratio = 1.2:1). In contrast to some findings regarding jazz drumming, the magnitude of swing was uncorrelated with tempo, though the ranges of both variables were somewhat constrained. Backbeat delay (a systematic delay of snare drum at even-numbered beats) was found to be frequently present at beat 2, but not at beat 4. Additionally, this study introduces a quantity called “swing density,” defined as the proportion of even-numbered divisions (at the swing level) that contain events. The importance of this quantity to the perceptual effect of swing is discussed.
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Johnson, Kenneth O., and John R. Phillips. "A rotating drum stimulator for scanning embossed patterns and textures across the skin." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 22, no. 3 (January 1988): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(88)90043-x.
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Azar, Nadia R. "Rates and Patterns of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Drummers." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2020.3020.
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AIMS: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a significant health concern for percussionists. Although many of the known risk factors for PRMDs likely apply to all percussion subgroups (e.g., weekly practice hours, warm-ups/cool-downs, etc.), the rates and injury patterns in drummers (herein defined as ‘percussionists who play the drum set’) may differ due to differences in physical demands from those of other percussion subgroups. The goal of this study was to determine the drummer-specific rates and patterns of PRMDs. METHODS: An electronic survey including questions on respondent demographics, history and patterns of PRMDs, and potential drummer-specific risk factors for reporting PRMDs was distributed via social media using a snowball sampling technique. The target population included individuals aged 18 years or older who exclusively played the drum set (minimum 5 hrs/wk). The rates of PRMDs were analyzed by body region (e.g., upper/lower limb, etc.) and by location within body regions (e.g., shoulder, knee joint, etc.). RESULTS: The lifetime history of PRMDs in the study sample (n=831) was 68%, and 23% reported currently experiencing a PRMD. Most respondents reported multiple PRMDs (59%). The upper limb was the most commonly-affected body region (59%). The wrist joint (25%) and low back (24%) were the most commonly affected locations within body regions. CONCLUSIONS: Drummers’ reporting of multiple PRMDs is consistent with previous findings in percussionists, but differences in the lifetime histories and patterns of injury supports the notion that risk factors may differ between percussion subgroups. Analysis of survey responses pertaining to drummer-specific risk factors is currently underway.
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Yang, Wen-Jei, Hiroshi Ohue, and Genshi Kawashima. "The Origin of Ekman Flow in a Cavity Subject to Impulsive Rotational Motions." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 7, no. 3 (2001): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x0100015x.
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An experimental study is performed to disclose the origin of Ekman flow on the surfaces of a rotating drum resulting from fluid-structure interaction after an impulsive start of motion (referred to as the spin-up process) or an impulsive stop (the spin-down process). Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) is employed to determine instantaneous distribution of both the radial and angular velocity components in the flow field inside the rotating drum. From these results, the secondary flow and the time history of the Ekman boundary layer thickness are determined. The tracer/light sheet method is also engaged to enable real-time visualization of flow patterns. Fluid viscosity, drum size and rotational speed are varied to determine their effects on fluid-structure interactions. Results may be applied to cavity flow in rotating machinery.
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Vanderhout, Ryley J., Christine F. Baes, Jeff S. Mohr, and Ben J. Wood. "PSI-13 Allometric growth patterns in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) show no significant increase in total carcass meat yield." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.589.
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Abstract The body composition of livestock has been shown to change over time. Generally, bone maturation occurs first, followed by muscle growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth patterns of the most economically significant carcass components (pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, thigh, drum, and rack) in a commercial strain of turkeys. Live body weights and carcass component weights were collected on 1688 toms and 1085 hens between 2012 and 2017. Toms and hens were slaughtered between 109–149 days and 91–114 days of age, respectively. Yield values were calculated for each carcass component as a percentage of the live body weight. Regression coefficients (b) were calculated by regressing yield values on the age of the animal at slaughter. P. major and P. minor yield increased with age, though at different rates, for both toms (b=0.120, P < 0.01 and 0.003, P < 0.01, respectively) and hens (b=0.089, P < 0.01 and 0.020, P < 0.01, respectively). Tom drum and rack yield decreased with age (b=-0.012, P < 0.01 and -0.104, P < 0.01, respectively). Hen drum yield also decreased with age (b=-0.018, P < 0.01), while hen rack yield was found to not be significant from zero. Toms and hens showed similar trends of increasing breast yield with age and an equal combined decline in other carcass component yields. Thus resulting in a small significant increase in hen carcass meat yield (b=0.080, P < 0.01) and no significant increase in tom carcass meat yield (b=0.005, P > 0.01) which were both expected to increase with age given expected body composition changes over time. Strong selection for breast meat yield and the observed negative correlations between breast muscle yield and thigh and drum yields are likely the cause of this trend. Further research should investigate the use of carcass meat yield or other carcass component yields in turkey breeding programs.
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Ardedi, Dodo Pratama, and Wimbrayardi Wimbrayardi. "ANSAMBLE PERKUSI (KOMPOSISI MUSIK SMK NEGERI 3 PADANG)." Jurnal Sendratasik 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jsu.v8i1.106415.
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Abstract This work aims to display the creativity of female students in school, and it can be a reference for teachers in developing talents, interests and creativities of female students. The form of this artwork is percussion ensemble, the author will combine the rhythmic patterns of single stroke, double stokes, and triols in 4/4 hours with a simple form. It does not only focus on the instrument itself, the author will also combine with vowels to build atmosphere. Percussion ensemble is a musical composition that is adopted from the game of similar percussion instrument, such execution is very interesting because there is no melody instrument here. the incorporation of the rhythmic pattern of single stroke percussion instrument, dooble stokes, and triols can show a rhythm by exploring it into the percussion instruments used. Percussion ensemble is played by six players that consist of two tambua players, one snare drum player, one floor drum player, one cymbal and cowbell player, one bongo player and one of triangel player. Keywords: Ansamble Perkusi
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Yamazaki, S., T. Fujikawa, A. Hasegawa, and S. Ogasawara. "Indoor Test Procedures for Evaluation of Tire Treadwear and Influence of Suspension Alignment." Tire Science and Technology 17, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 236–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141687.
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Abstract Laboratory wear test procedures for automobile tires are described, as are the influences of alignments such as camber angle and toe angle. Ply-steer and conicity were considered in determining slip angles in straight-ahead rolling on a drum. Wear patterns produced by different alignment configurations simulated the range of patterns observed in road tests. This, together with good wear rate comparisons, supports our belief that road-test conditions are sufficiently reproducible in the laboratory to yield valid wear test results.
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Zhao, Xiang, Zhicheng Sun, Tianxiang Gao, and Na Song. "Transcriptome Profiling Reveals a Divergent Adaptive Response to Hyper- and Hypo-Salinity in the Yellow Drum, Nibea albiflora." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082201.
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The yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) is an important marine economic fish that is widely distributed in the coastal waters of the Northwest Pacific. In order to understand the molecular regulatory mechanism of the yellow drum under salinity stress, in the present study, transcriptome analysis was performed under gradients with six salinities (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 psu). Compared to 25 psu, 907, 1109, 1309, 18, and 243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained under 10, 15, 20, 30, and 35 psu salinities, respectively. The differential gene expression was further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results of the tendency analysis showed that all DEGs of the yellow drum under salinity fluctuation were mainly divided into three expression trends. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway as well as the glutathione metabolism and steroid biosynthesis pathways may be the key pathways for the salinity adaptive regulation mechanism of the yellow drum. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the solute carrier family (SLC), the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C-B (ALDOCB) may be the key genes in the response of the yellow drum to salinity stress. This study explored the transcriptional patterns of the yellow drum under salinity stress and provided fundamental information for the study of salinity adaptability in this species.
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Senn, Olivier, Lorenz Kilchenmann, Toni Bechtold, and Florian Hoesl. "Groove in drum patterns as a function of both rhythmic properties and listeners’ attitudes." PLOS ONE 13, no. 6 (June 29, 2018): e0199604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199604.
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Kenworthy, Matthew D., Jonathan H. Grabowski, Craig A. Layman, Graham D. Sherwood, Sean P. Powers, Charles H. Peterson, Rachel K. Gittman, Danielle A. Keller, and F. Joel Fodrie. "Movement ecology of a mobile predatory fish reveals limited habitat linkages within a temperate estuarine seascape." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 11 (November 2018): 1990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0308.
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Large predatory fishes, capable of traveling great distances, can facilitate energy flow linkages among spatially separated habitat patches via extended foraging behaviors over expansive areas. Here, we tested this concept by tracking the movement of a large mobile estuarine fish, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Specifically, we addressed the following two questions: (i) What are the spatial and temporal patterns of red drum movement (rates of dispersal) and activity space? (ii) Does red drum movement facilitate linkages among estuarine marsh complexes? Dispersal from the release location was greatest during the first 2 weeks at liberty before declining to less than 0.5 km·week–1 for the remainder of the study. Activity space initially increased rapidly before reaching an asymptote at 2.5 km2 2 weeks postrelease. Connectivity indices calculated among marsh complexes corroborated these observations, suggesting high residency and limited seascape-scale linkages via red drum movement behaviors. These data highlight potential within-estuary spatial structure for mobile fishes and could inform subsequent efforts to track energy flows in coastal food webs, predict the footprint of local habitat restoration benefits, and enhance the design of survey regimes to quantify overall population demography.
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Mcguiness, Andy. "Modelling Microtiming Beat Variations with Pulse-Coupled Oscillators." Timing & Time Perception 3, no. 1-2 (May 25, 2015): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002046.
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Patterns of microtiming variation at the beat level are known to be associated with music that evokes an experience of groove. The microtiming of Clyde Stubblefield’s drum break on James Brown’s track The Funky Drummer exhibits a pattern of variation in individual beat periods, but bar durations are unaffected. The aim of the study was to model the production of these two apparently paradoxical attributes. In the computational model presented here, microtiming variations at the beat level emerge together with uniform bar durations, due to the interaction of two oscillators via pulse coupling. The two coupled oscillators can be seen as abstractions of entrainment processes in the brain, and implications for a general model of musical entrainment are discussed.
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Singh, Jasvinder, M. O. Garg, and S. M. Nanoti. "Comparison of Flow Patterns in a Visbreaking Soaker Drum with Two Different Sieve Tray Internals." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, no. 4 (September 8, 2011): 1815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie200671k.
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Zhao Yong-Zhi and Cheng Yi. "Numerical simulation of radial segregation patterns of binary granular systems in a rotating horizontal drum." Acta Physica Sinica 57, no. 1 (2008): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.57.322.
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Matthews, Tomas E., Maria A. G. Witek, Joseph L. N. Thibodeau, Peter Vuust, and Virginia B. Penhune. "Perceived Motor Synchrony With the Beat is More Strongly Related to Groove Than Measured Synchrony." Music Perception 39, no. 5 (June 1, 2022): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2022.39.5.423.
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The sensation of groove can be defined as the pleasurable urge to move to rhythmic music. When moving to the beat of a rhythm, both how well movements are synchronized to the beat, and the perceived difficulty in doing so, are associated with groove. Interestingly, when tapping to a rhythm, participants tend to overestimate their synchrony, suggesting a potential discrepancy between perceived and measured synchrony, which may impact their relative relation with groove. However, these relations, and the influence of syncopation and musicianship on these relations, have yet to be tested. Therefore, we asked participants to listen to 50 drum patterns with varying rhythmic complexity and rate their sensation of groove. They then tapped to the beat of the same drum patterns and rated how well they thought their taps synchronized with the beat. Perceived synchrony showed a stronger relation with groove ratings than measured synchrony and syncopation, and this effect was strongest for medium complexity rhythms. We interpret these results in the context of meter-based temporal predictions. We propose that the certainty of these predictions determine the weight and number of movements that are perceived as synchronous and thus reflect rewarding prediction confirmations.
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Sudirana, I. Wayan. "Improvisation in Balinese Music: An Analytical Study of Three Different Types of Drumming in the Balinese Gamelan Gong Kebyar." Journal of Music Science, Technology, and Industry 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31091/jomsti.v1i1.502.
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ABSTRACTGong kebyar emerged in early 20th century and was initially an instrumental genre. In its later advancement, the ensemble became accustomed to accompanying dance compositions, which are decorated with miscellaneous dance improvisations corresponding to the characteristic style of gong kebyar. There are three types of Balinese drumming that are considered improvisational, in particular the styles that are played in the repertory of gamelan gong kebyar. Gamelan gong kebyar is the most popular and influential genre of twentieth century music developed in Bali. In gamelan baru, the function of the drum (in Bali it is called kendang) in the ensemble is more important than it was in older styles and it is considered to be the leader of the ensemble. Drummers are skilled musicians and usually teachers, who know all of the parts that are played by other instruments in the ensemble. Krumpungan, Cedugan, and Gupekan are examples of drumming style that gives incorporate the idea of improvisation, though in Bali we do not have a special term for improvisation. We do however have the same ideas and sense of the meaning of improvisation itself in the way some drumming is played spontaneously in the course of performance, by using drummer’s abilities to create spontaneously new pattern on stage. There are some important aspects that need to be underlined in creating those patterns, such as: melody accompaniment, dancer’s cues, good partnership (in krumpungan and cedugan), and the ability to lead the ensemble. Those aspects have the prominent role in the acheivement of drum improvisation in the performance. Drumming improvisation remains something that has to be learned more comprehensively in the future. It is still an abstract concept for many musicians as well as Balinese gamelan lovers.Keywords: improvisation, drumming, kendang, gong kebyar. ABSTRAKGong kebyar muncul pada awal abad ke-20 dan pada mulanya merupakan genre instrumental. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, ensambel tersebut menjadi terbiasa dengan komposisi tari yang menyertainya, yang dihiasi dengan improvisasi tari yang berbeda sesuai dengan gaya khas gong kebyar. Ada tiga jenis drum Bali yang dianggap improvisasi, khususnya gaya-gaya yang dimainkan dalam repertoar gamelan gong kebyar. Gamelan gong kebyar adalah genre musik abad ke-20 yang paling populer dan berpengaruh yang dikembangkan di Bali. Dalam gamelan baru ini, fungsi drum (di Bali disebut kendang) dalam ensambel lebih penting daripada pada gaya lama dan dianggap sebagai pemimpin ensembel. Drumer adalah musisi yang terampil dan biasanya adalah guru, yang tahu semua bagian yang dimainkan oleh instrumen lain dalam ensembel. Krumpungan, Cedugan, dan Gupekan adalah contoh gaya drum yang memberikan ide improvisasi, meskipun di Bali tidak ada istilah khusus untuk improvisasi. Namun di sini ada ide yang sama dan rasa makna improvisasi itu sendiri dengan cara memainkan beberapa drum secara spontan dalam jalannya pertunjukan, dengan menggunakan kemampuan pemain drum untuk menciptakan pola spontan baru di panggung. Ada beberapa aspek penting yang perlu digarisbawahi dalam menciptakan pola-pola tersebut, seperti: iringan melodi, isyarat penari, kemitraan yang baik (dalam krumpungan dan cedugan), dan kemampuan untuk memimpin ensambel. Aspek-aspek tersebut memiliki peran penting dalam pencapaian improvisasi drum dalam pettunjukan. Improvisasi drum tetap sesuatu yang harus dipelajari lebih komprehensif di masa depan. Ini masih merupakan konsep abstrak bagi banyak musisi dan juga pecinta gamelan Bali. Kata kunci: improvisasi, drum, kendang, gong kebyar.
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Ameen, Nihad Ahmad Ameen, and Salim Omar Raoof Raoof. "The Effect of Sex Chromatin on Some Reproductive Traits of local Sheep in Erbil." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2015.9.2.423.
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This study was conducted on local sheep belongs to private flock in Erbil plain during the period 4/11/2011 till 25/10/2012. The investigation included 65 local sheep to study the effect of sex chromatinfrequency on the Daily Milk Yield (DMY), weight and age of ewes in addition the calculation ofRegression and Correlation coefficients between the studied traits of local sheep. The overall means offrequency of sex chromatin (drum stick, Appenx without stick, tear drop and small club). Appearedwith normal Neutrophils were 1.897, 1.034, 1.241, 0.741 and 95.86% respectively. The overall means ofDMY was 533.6g. The results showed that there was significant (P≤0.05) in relationship to DMY, thehighest rate of DMY was shown among the sheep had sex chromatin drum stick (675. 5g), while the rateof DMY was at lowest production among the sheep which had sex chromatin of small club (425.4g). Asignificant effect of weights and age of sheep on the patterns of sex chromatin were observed. Thehighest rate of DMY among the sheep was at the age of 4 years raised high rate of sex chromatin type(drum stick). A significant(P≤0.05) positive Correlation coefficient between DMY and sex chromatintype (drum stick) with value of 0.673, while there was a negative and significant (P≤0.05). Regressioncoefficient of DMY on sex chromatin coefficient (small club ) with coefficient of Regression value (-0.074). In addition the highest value of Correlation between the DMY and sex chromatin of (drum stick)was (0.856), followed with Correlation coefficient value between type of birth and weights of ewes(0.784), while the lowest Correlation value was (-0.087) between DMY and sex chromatin of (small club).
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Linnik, Yu N., V. Yu Linnik, A. B. Zhabin, and A. Zich. "Patterns of influence exerted by cutting drum reliability and coal seam properties on cutter-loader capacity." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 11 (2021): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236_1493_2021_11_0_169.
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Rice, Aaron N., Janelle L. Morano, Kristin B. Hodge, and Charles A. Muirhead. "Spatial and temporal patterns of toadfish and black drum chorusing activity in the South Atlantic Bight." Environmental Biology of Fishes 99, no. 10 (August 31, 2016): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-016-0511-z.
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Ohue, Hiroshi, Genshi Kawashima, and Wen-Jei Yang. "Ekman Boundary Layers and Energy Dissipation in Rotating Drums During Spin-Down Process." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2, no. 2 (1995): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x95000261.
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The Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is employed to investigate energy dissipation during a spin-down process inside a rotating drum. The tracer/light sheet method is applied to observe flow patterns in the entire flow field from which the instantaneous, two-dimensional velocity distribution and the formation and subsequent time wise variation of the Ekman boundary layer are determined. Results are synthesized to find the relationship between the Ekman boundary layer and the redistribution of secondary-flow induced angular momentum. The fluid viscosity, drum size and speed of rotation are varied to determine their effects on both the Ekman boundary layer and energy dissipation during spin-down process. The role of Ekman boundary layer in the reduction of rotating fluid motion is determined. Results from the study may be used to develop a method to achieve uniform mixing in an enclosed vessel.
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Tal, Idan, and Moshe Abeles. "Temporal accuracy of human cortico-cortical interactions." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 1810–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00956.2015.
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The precision in space and time of interactions among multiple cortical sites was evaluated by examining repeating precise spatiotemporal patterns of instances in which cortical currents showed brief amplitude undulations. The amplitudes of the cortical current dipoles were estimated by applying a variant of synthetic aperture magnetometry to magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings of subjects tapping to metric auditory rhythms of drum beats. Brief amplitude undulations were detected in the currents by template matching at a rate of 2–3 per second. Their timing was treated as point processes, and precise spatiotemporal patterns were searched for. By randomly teetering these point processes within a time window W, we estimated the accuracy of the timing of these brief amplitude undulations and compared the results with those obtained by applying the same analysis to traces composed of random numbers. The results demonstrated that the timing accuracy of patterns was better than 3 ms. Successful classification of two different cognitive processes based on these patterns suggests that at least some of the repeating patterns are specific to a cognitive process.
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Shi, Ruijie, Fei Dai, Wuyun Zhao, Xiaolong Liu, Tianfu Wang, and Yiming Zhao. "Optimal Design and Testing of a Crawler-Type Flax Combine Harvester." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020229.
Full textAbstract:
China is a large flax-growing country, with planting area and production ranking among the top three in the world. However, the cultivation range of flax in China is very broad, complex, and diverse, resulting in different planting scales and patterns, making it difficult to apply foreign large combine harvesters, and China lacks a dedicated flax combine harvester. This research improved the design of the 4LZ-4.0 crawler-type flax combine harvester for the regional features and flax cropping patterns in China. First, the structure, technical parameters, and working principles of the machine were introduced; second, the theoretical analysis and optimization of key components were performed; and finally, with the advancing speed of the machine, the speed of the threshing drum, and the speed of the suction fan as independent variables and the rate of removal and the total loss rate as response values, a three-factor, three-level response surface analysis method was used. For each component and response value, a mathematical model was created, and the factors and their interactions were evaluated and confirmed. The results demonstrated that the three parameters impact the threshing drum speed, advancing speed, and centrifugal fan speed in that order of priority, as well as the total loss rate in that order of priority. The machine’s optimal operating settings were 1.5 m·s−1 advancing speed, 788.49 r·min−1 threshing drum speed, and 885.34 r·min−1 centrifugal fan speed, and the validation test results indicated that under the typical dryland dense flax cultivation mode, it had a 97.46% threshing rate and 2.99% total loss rate after the test. This demonstrated that optimizing operational parameters may decrease losses in the process of mechanical flax harvesting, enhance harvesting efficiency, and satisfy the marketable flax harvesting standards.