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1
Yancey, Benjamin Phillip. "Patterns in symmetry: approaching steelpan technique, performance and teaching through an understanding of instrument design." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6525.
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The purpose of the current study is to provide students and instructors with a resource to study and teach steelpan through an understanding of the fundamental design and patterns inherent on each instrument. This will be accomplished through an investigation of how an awareness of the symmetrical note layout of the tenor pan, double seconds, triple cellos and six bass can be utilized when learning fundamental music concepts such as scales and chords.
Caused by their symmetrical design, the patterns used in steelpan construction interact with the patterns of scales and chords to create commonalities that remain consistent when transposed. When students and teachers are aware of these commonalities, they can be utilized when teaching and learning the instruments. These patterns also inform performance on the instruments, as the commonalities in the transposable patterns lead to recurring stickings. Because of this, the stickings of scales and chords will be discussed throughout the study to determine how the symmetrical design of the instruments can be used to inform stickings.
With this study, the author intends to demonstrate the importance of learning the organization of the instrument's note layout, rather than memorizing the location of each note independently. Because of steelpan's cyclical nature, and because the instruments do not conform to a chromatic centric note layout, it can be harder for students to identify the patterns used in steelpan construction. As a result, many novice steelpannists view the note layout of the instruments as a random assortment of notes. The steelpans have been methodically designed, however, and patterns in their note layout do exist. This study should serve as a resource for students and teachers to both acknowledge and understand these patterns.
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Herzka, Sharon Zinah. "Characterization of the recruitment patterns of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae to estuarine nursery habitat using stable isotopes as natural tracers of settlement /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Rolls, Holly Jacqueline. "Using Otolith Elemental Composition to Track the Habitat Use, Movements, and Life History Patterns of Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) and Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in the Tampa Bay Estuary." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5298.
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Knowledge of fish habitat use and connectivity is critical for understanding the structure and dynamics of fish populations and, therefore, necessary for the implementation of successful fisheries management strategies. Tagging is an effective means of providing such information, and the elemental composition contained within fish otoliths is increasingly being used as a natural tag. The chemical composition of otoliths reflects the incorporation of elements from different water bodies and can thus be used to understand the habitat use, movements, and life history patterns of fishes. To assess the applicability of otolith elemental composition as a tagging technique within the Tampa Bay estuary, Florida, laser ablation-inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to analyze the elemental composition of otoliths from two estuarine-dependent fish species, Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) and Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus).
Otolith elemental fingerprints can be used to quantify the proportion of juveniles from different nurseries that survive to join the sub-adult and adult fisheries, thus, providing resource managers with quantitative criteria to prioritize the most productive areas for conservation and restoration. To evaluate the use of otolith elemental fingerprinting in the Tampa Bay estuary, the spatial and temporal scales of chemical variation in otoliths collected from throughout Tampa Bay were examined by performing permutation-based multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) on the elemental data at several spatial (individual tributary, two-region, and three-region) and temporal (annual and seasonal) scales. Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP) was used to generate classifiers based on the otolith elemental fingerprints of juvenile fish, and `leave-one-out' cross-validation procedures indicated that the greatest classification accuracy was obtained by using the two-region model (upper vs. lower Tampa Bay) for both species (for Snook F=45.8, p=0.001, CAP cross-validation success=76%; for Red Drum F=9.7, p=0.001, CAP cross-validation success=87%). For both species, all temporal analyses at the inter-annual scale indicated that otolith elemental fingerprints were significantly different across years (two-way MANOVA; p
Several environmental factors which may have contributed to the regional differences in otolith chemistry were examined, including physico-chemical parameters (surface measurements of salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature taken at the time of sample collection), surficial geologic stratigraphy, and land development. Weak, but significant correlations were identified between some elements and physico-chemical parameters; however, instantaneous measurements taken at the time of fish collection may not have provided an accurate representation of the overall conditions experienced by the fish during the period in which the otolith material used in analyses had been deposited (2 - 4 weeks). A significant correlation between latitude and otolith Sr/Ca was found, likely corresponding to an increasing ambient gradient that occurs from the upper to lower bay (for Red Drum F=77.1, p=0.001; for Snook F=69.2, p=0.001). The Land Development Intensity metric was negatively correlated with otolith Li/Ca and Sr/Ca. While surficial geologic inputs may have also contributed to the elemental composition of otoliths, the relationships revealed by redundancy analyses (RDA) were somewhat unclear or contradictory.
Once the appropriate chemical characterization of the study area was identified (the two-region models for both species), elemental fingerprints from the core portions of sub-adult and adult otoliths were assigned to their most probable juvenile habitat region using a maximum likelihood estimator based on the posterior probabilities generated by CAP analyses (CAP-MLE). Application of the two-region model revealed that the majority of Red Drum (83%) was determined to have originated from juvenile habitats in the upper Tampa Bay region, while most Snook (60%) originated from juvenile habitats in the lower Tampa Bay region. The majority of sub-adult/adult Snook and Red Drum were collected from the same region in which they were determined to have originated (for Snook, 36 out of 55 = 65%; for Red Drum, 58 out of 78 = 74%), indicating some level of site fidelity to juvenile habitat areas.
The use of otolith elemental profiling to reconstruct specific environmental and physiological experiences has the potential to provide unique insights regarding the life histories of Snook, a species with unpredictable spawning and movement characteristics. Otoliths from Snook maintained in captivity at the Mote Aquaculture Park (MAP) were analyzed to elucidate the degree to which various factors, including otolith growth (macrostructure features), spawning events, handling stress, and salinity influence otolith chemistry. Cross-correlation analyses of otolith elemental profiles and quantified macrostructure features (including annuli and checks) demonstrated that interpretations of elemental patterns should not be confounded by changes associated with otolith crystallography. An elemental marker for known spawning events was not identified (ANOVA spawners vs. non-spawners, p>0.05); however, because the physiological costs and alterations in blood chemistry associated with gonadal maturation (rather than the singular act of spawning) could affect otolith chemistry, additional studies which more thoroughly track maturation stages may be able to identify a suite of elements that can be used to discern the reproductive histories of Snook. Significantly elevated Zn:Ca (ANOVA: F=5.64, p=0.012) and decreased Fe:Ca (ANOVA: F=25.02, p
Continuous life history Ba:Ca and Sr:Ca profiles of 56 wild Snook collected from throughout Tampa Bay revealed significant plasticity in the types of juvenile habitats settled, as well as in the timing of ontogenetic movements from these habitats. Of the profiles examined, 55% exhibited otolith core signatures characterized by an opposing Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca pattern, followed by an inverted pattern, providing an indicator of the movement of larvae from high salinity, pre-settlement environments into mesohaline, tidally-influenced juvenile habitats. In contrast, nearly half (45%) the Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca profiles indicated settlement in higher salinity environments, suggesting a high degree of habitat plasticity for juveniles of this species. For fish that settled into mesohaline habitats, decreases in Ba:Ca and/or increases in Sr:Ca over the first several years of life signaled the ontogenetic transition out of the juvenile habitat, with the timing of emergence ranging from within the first year to age-3. Because conditions during early life may propagate into divergent behaviors in subsequent life stages, information on the experiences of early life and juvenile stages could help to inform whether the occupation of different juvenile habitat types, or the precocious or delayed emergence from those habitats, explain the peculiar spawning and movement habits that occur in this species.
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Xia, Yang. "Characterising patterns of injecting drug use." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648787.
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Wettermark, Björn. "Drug utilization 90 % : using aggregate drug statistics for the quality assessment of prescribing /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-048-6/.
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Gossweiler, Robert S. "Differential Association and Patterns of Drug Use." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625783.
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Shewan, David. "Patterns of drug using behaviour : the importance of drug, set, and setting." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480943.
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Pittrow, David, Wilhelm Kirch, Peter Bramlage, Hendrik Lehnert, Michael Höfler, Thomas Unger, Arya M. Sharma, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Patterns of antihypertensive drug utilization in primary care." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-105346.
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Background: In the treatment of hypertension, physicians’ attitudes and practice patterns are receiving increased attention as contributors to poor blood pressure (BP) control. Thus, current use of antihypertensive drugs in primary care was analyzed and the association with selected physician and patient characteristics was assessed.
Methods: The Hypertension and Diabetes Risk Screening and Awareness (HYDRA) study is a cross-sectional point prevalence study of 45,125 primary care attendees recruited from a representative nationwide sample of 1912 primary care practices in Germany. Prescription frequencies of the various antihypertensive drugs in the individual patients were recorded by the physicians using standardized questionnaires. We assessed the association of patient variables [age, gender; co-morbidities such as diabetes, nephropathy or coronary heart disease (CHD)] and physician variables (general practitioner vs internist, guideline adherence, etc.) with drug treatment intensity and prescription patterns.
Results: Of all 43,549 patients for whom a physician diagnosis on hypertension or diabetes was available, 17,485 (40.1%) had hypertension. Of these hypertensive patients, 1647 (9.4%) received no treatment at all, 1191 (6.8%) received non-pharmacological measures only, and 14,647 (83.8%) were given one or more antihypertensive drugs. Drug treatment rates were lower in young patients (16–40 years: 57.4%). BP control was poor: 70.6% of all patients were not normalized, i.e., had BP ≥140/90 mmHg. Antihypertensive treatment was generally intensified with increasing age, or if complications or comorbidities were present. The use of the different drug classes was rather uniform across the various patient subgroups (e.g., by age and gender). Individualized treatment with regard to co-morbidities as recommended in guidelines was not the rule. Adherence to guidelines as self-reported by physicians as well as other physician characteristics (region, training etc.) did not result in more differentiated prescription pattern.
Conclusions: Despite the broad armamentarium of drug treatment options, physicians in primary care did not treat hypertension aggressively enough. Treatment was only intensified at a late stage, after complications had occurred. Treatment should be more differentiated in terms of coexisting morbidities such as diabetes, nephropathy, or CHD.
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Thomas, George. "Institutionalized black delinquents' drug-use patterns in Georgia." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1990. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1209.
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The drug use patterns of black institutionalized delinquents aged 12 through 18 is examined in this thesis. The data were collected by administering a structured questionnaire in group settings. The sample consisted of 297 black male delinquents institutionalized in three Youth Development Centers (YDCs) of Georgia.
The data were analyzed at two levels - descriptive and inferential. Descriptive analysis was used to develop a profile of the sample. Inferential analysis utilized Factor Analysis and Maximum Likelihood Latent Class Structural Analysis to construct a drug user typology.
This study found:(1) that significant differences exist between delinquent drug users and non-users in terms of their personal and socialization factors; (2) that delinquents can be classified into three major drug user types (Non-User, Single Drug User, and Multiple Drug User); (3) that most of the delinquents (84 percent) are drug users; (4) that single and multiple users differ in terms of place and time of drug use; and (5) that a sequential progression from the use of beer and wine coolers to marijuana, and from the use of marijuana to other hard drugs seem to be the most common pattern of drug use among black delinquent drug users.
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Pittrow, David, Wilhelm Kirch, Peter Bramlage, Hendrik Lehnert, Michael Höfler, Thomas Unger, Arya M. Sharma, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Patterns of antihypertensive drug utilization in primary care." Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26584.
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Background: In the treatment of hypertension, physicians’ attitudes and practice patterns are receiving increased attention as contributors to poor blood pressure (BP) control. Thus, current use of antihypertensive drugs in primary care was analyzed and the association with selected physician and patient characteristics was assessed.
Methods: The Hypertension and Diabetes Risk Screening and Awareness (HYDRA) study is a cross-sectional point prevalence study of 45,125 primary care attendees recruited from a representative nationwide sample of 1912 primary care practices in Germany. Prescription frequencies of the various antihypertensive drugs in the individual patients were recorded by the physicians using standardized questionnaires. We assessed the association of patient variables [age, gender; co-morbidities such as diabetes, nephropathy or coronary heart disease (CHD)] and physician variables (general practitioner vs internist, guideline adherence, etc.) with drug treatment intensity and prescription patterns.
Results: Of all 43,549 patients for whom a physician diagnosis on hypertension or diabetes was available, 17,485 (40.1%) had hypertension. Of these hypertensive patients, 1647 (9.4%) received no treatment at all, 1191 (6.8%) received non-pharmacological measures only, and 14,647 (83.8%) were given one or more antihypertensive drugs. Drug treatment rates were lower in young patients (16–40 years: 57.4%). BP control was poor: 70.6% of all patients were not normalized, i.e., had BP ≥140/90 mmHg. Antihypertensive treatment was generally intensified with increasing age, or if complications or comorbidities were present. The use of the different drug classes was rather uniform across the various patient subgroups (e.g., by age and gender). Individualized treatment with regard to co-morbidities as recommended in guidelines was not the rule. Adherence to guidelines as self-reported by physicians as well as other physician characteristics (region, training etc.) did not result in more differentiated prescription pattern.
Conclusions: Despite the broad armamentarium of drug treatment options, physicians in primary care did not treat hypertension aggressively enough. Treatment was only intensified at a late stage, after complications had occurred. Treatment should be more differentiated in terms of coexisting morbidities such as diabetes, nephropathy, or CHD.
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Martin, Elizabeth E. M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Determining patterns of cancer drug resistance from autopsy patients." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129922.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-102).
Determining patterns of drug resistance is fundamentally required for improving clinical outcome of cancer treatment. The ability to study multiple samples from different metastatic sites of the same patient is a clinically and analytically challenging task, which has become possible with the advent of "rapid" autopsy procedures (<10 hours from death) conducted on cancer patients through the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Rapid Autopsy Program. The dataset of whole-exome, whole genome and transcriptome sequencing data from advanced cancer samples uniquely captures genomic and transcriptomic information from multiple lesions of the same patient for advanced study of how resistance develops on the systemic level. Additionally, previously collected cell-free DNA samples enable the establishment of both a spatial and temporal picture of cancer drug resistance and progression.
Using RNA expression and pathway analysis, we can also identify unique transcriptional programs and differentially expressed genes between distinct clones within one patient as well as compare genetically similar clones across patents. This thesis integrates genomic and transcriptomic data through advanced clonal reconstruction methods, as well as clinical information such as cancer type, treatment history, and lesion location and response to investigate how the patient developed resistance to anti-cancer therapy. This thesis concentrates on findings in two cohorts of rapid autopsy patients: ER+ metastatic breast cancer, with a focus on patients treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and cholangiocarcinoma, with a focus on patients with FGFR2-fusions treated with an FGFR-inhibitor.
In the ER+ breast cancer cohort, we identified multiple known and potentially novel resistance mechanisms in separate branches of the phylogenetic tree, often converging on distinct mutations in the same resistance genes. In cholangiocarcinoma, we found high levels of inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity in several patients, with a convergence on FGFR2 activating mutations as a form of resistance to FGFR-inhibitor therapy. The richness of the rapid autopsy dataset allows us to develop a fuller picture of convergent resistance mechanisms to therapy in cancer.
by Elizabeth E. Martin.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Morrison, Valerie L. "Illicit drug use : patterns, problems, and predictors of change." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20033.
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This thesis describes the results of a longitudinal study of regular illicit drug users in Edinburgh, Scotland. Subjects were recruited using the method of 'snowballing'. An initial group of 115 regular users of illicit substances was interviewed using a semi-structured schedule. It was found that multiple substance use was the norm with many individuals reporting adverse consequences resulting from their use of licit and illicit drugs. Concern about HIV infection affected the drug taking behaviour of injectors, but in contrast, had little influence upon the sexual behaviour of both injectors and non-injectors. Sixty-three percent (n = 72) of respondents were reinterviewed approximately 18 months after the initial interview, in order to assess patterns of behaviour change. It was hypothesised that level of involvement in drug-using lifestyles at first interview and repondents' cognitions about their current and future use would be predictive of behaviour change at the time of follow-up. Drug involvement variables, such as length of drug using career, opiate use and having an income from drug dealing, discriminated significantly between users who 'reduced' in terms of the nature and level of their use, and those who 'progressed' or remained 'static'. Cognitions about use, such as perceptions of being addicted and desire to stop, discriminated 'statics' from the 'reducers' and 'progressors'. Results from this study show that drug use behaviour change has multiple predictors at personal, social and environmental levels. These predictors are as varied and complex as those of drug initiation suggested in the retrospective data. Further studies of predictors of change should facilitate the identification of those new users who are 'at risk' of progression, which would have important implications for both primary and secondary prevention.
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Boys, Annabel Frances. "Young substance users : modelling consumption patterns, problems and expectations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/young-substance-users--modelling-consumption-patterns-problems-and-expectations(350a7ff3-f70f-4d4a-9acb-814c5ded88d5).html.
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Meiring, Jillian A. "Antimicrobial resistance patterns in a Port Elizabeth hospital." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004104.
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Antibiotic resistance in clinical bacterial isolates remains an ongoing problem requiring continuous monitoring to effect some form of control. Comparative studies have not been previously reported for the Eastern Cape Region, South Africa and this study was undertaken to monitor resistance patterns in clinical isolates from Provincial Hospital, Port Elizabeth. Over the three year period 1989 to 1991, 9888 susceptibility results from isolates examined in the SAIMR pathology laboratory were analysed and collated using a stand-alone computer program. Resistance patterns for a range of nineteen antibiotics were collated for isolates from various sampling points within the hospital. Results were reported as resistance patterns in individually isolated species. Levels of resistance in each species were compared to those reported from South Africa and abroad, and changing patterns of resistance were noted within the three year period at the Provincial Hospital, Port Elizabeth.
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Tindale, Adam. "Classification of snare drum sounds using neural networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81515.
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The development of computer algorithms for music instrument identification and parameter extraction in digital audio signals is an active research field. A musician can listen to music and instantly identify different instruments and the timbres produced by various playing techniques. Creating software to allow computers to do the same is much more challenging. This thesis will use digital signal processing and machine learning techniques to differentiate snare drum timbres produced by different stroke positions and stroke techniques.
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Trabue, Kathy Ruth. "The structure of problem behavior and patterns of adolescent drug use /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487842372894927.
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Wright, Alison Katrina. "Examining drug utilisation patterns and optimal treatment pathways of antidiabetic medications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/examining-drug-utilisation-patterns-and-optimal-treatment-pathways-of-antidiabetic-medications(bfef381c-583d-4747-9b8e-44cb904f48a2).html.
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Background: Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition which occurs as a result of insufficient insulin production and insulin resistance. This results in less glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells, allowing blood glucose levels to rise in the body. Higher blood glucose levels place patients at an increased risk of diabetes-related complications. The treatment is characterised by the initiation, switching and intensification of antidiabetic medications. The goal for patients with diabetes is to maintain glycaemic control, with blood glucose levels (HbA1c) between 6.5-7.0%(48-53mmol/mol). International guidelines recommend prescribing of metformin at initiation but there is no consensus on optimal agents in a combination regimen. The aim of this thesis was to assess the drug utilisation patterns of first-line therapies and the impact of this pathway on second-line regimens. This entailed: (i.) observing the prescribing of the first-line therapy, (ii.) characterising the medication-taking process of the first-line therapy and effectiveness of the regimens, and (iii.) determining the most effective second-line regimen in delaying the onset of microvascular complications. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes, prescribed a first-line antidiabetic regimen, were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (a large UK anonymised primary care database) between 01/01/05 and 31/12/09, were followed-up until 31/12/12. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between patient characteristics and the choice of first-line agent. Adherence to first-line therapy was estimated using the Medication Possession Ratio calculation, expressing the percentage of days covered by a drug supply. To assess the factors influencing achievement of glycaemic goals from the first-line therapy, a logistic regression analysis was performed. To investigate second-line regimens, a Marginal Structural Cox model was implemented to explore the causal relationships between the time to development of microvascular complications and the second-line regimens. Results: Of the 72,429 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 44,838 started therapy with an antidiabetic medication regimen. Metformin and sulphonylureas were the most frequently prescribed agents at initiation (82.9% and 9.8%,respectively). Deviations from metformin were associated with patients presenting with higher HbA1c levels, lower BMI values and had concurrent prescriptions (immunosuppressants and oral corticosteroids). Achieving glycaemic control, to the target of 6.5% (48mmol/mol), was only met in 22.7% of patients. Characteristics of the patient, choice of first-line agent and medical support influenced the effectiveness of the treatments. Patients at the greatest risk of failing to achieve the target glycaemic goal from therapy had HbA1c levels>8.0% (64mmol/mol) and a BMI≥25kg/m2. Adherence was significantly associated with greater lowering of HbA1c levels but these reductions did not guarantee reaching the ideal glycaemic target. Intensification of the monotherapy to a dual therapy regimen was observed in 30.2% of patients in a mean time of 2 years. The most frequently prescribed second-line regimens consisted of metformin/sulphonylurea (SU) (74.5%), metformin/thiazolidinediones(TZD) (11.3%) and metformin/DPP-4 inhibitors (14.2%). Metformin/SU was the most effective dual therapy regimen for delaying the onset of microvascular diagnoses. The rate of development of these events was significantly higher for the DPP-4 combination in comparison to the SU combination with a hazard ratio of 1.85 (95% CI: 1.53,2.24). A TZD combination resulted in a non-significant increase of 19% in the rate of development compared to the SU combination (HR 1.19; 95% CI: 0.98,1.47). Metformin/SU resulted in the greatest lowering in HbA1c levels (-3.3%; 12mmol/mol) in comparison to the DPP-4 and TZD regimens. Conclusions: It is unlikely that patients starting first-line therapy with high HbA1c levels will be able to reduce blood glucose levels sufficiently on a monotherapy regimen. It is important for practitioners to consider a faster uptake of a dual therapy regimen (metformin/SU) to prevent sustained suboptimal glycaemic control and reduce the risk of future complications. Other important considerations in the optimal treatment pathway would be to provide more frequent support from health professionals; this may help to highlight inadequate drug regimens, offer management of risk factors and provide education. These aspects may help patients to achieve better control of their condition, with the aim of reducing the risk of diabetes-related complications; which, severely impact patient quality of life and NHS costs and resources.
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Mulatedzi, Makhado. "Comparison of antimicrobial prescribing patterns with the standard treatment guidelines and essential drug list in primary healthcare facilities in Vhembe district,Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/201.
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Thesis (Msc.(Med.)(Pharmacy))--University of Limpopo, 2009.Background: The study was conducted in primary healthcare facilities in Vhembe district in Limpopo province, South Africa. Seeing that the National Drug policy was implemented in 1996 and followed by the Standard Treatment Guidelines, it was necessary to investigate if PHC facilities are prescribing according to the guidelines. Although the data collected was from five clinics, iinformation on antimicrobial prescribing patterns is necessary for a constructive approach to the challenges that arise from the vast number of antibiotics that are available in the market and the occurrence of resistance. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate whether prescribers at Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Vhembe district adhered to the Standard Treatment Guidelines/Essential Drug List (STG/EDL) when prescribing antimicrobials. Method: Five hundred antimicrobial prescribing patterns and patient demographics were recorded from five PHC facilities (100 prescriptions in each) in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province over a two weeks period. In all PHC facilities, data collection of prescriptions focused on the period from 01 August 2007 until the required number of 100 prescriptions was reached. x Results: Conditions where prescriptions complied to STG/EDL were skin infections and wound 91.67% (22/24), upper respiratory tract infection 86.49% (32/37), bronchitis 80% (4/5), ear/eye infections 75% (3/4), otitis media 57.14% (4/7), sore throat/tonsillitis 56.57% (56/99), urinary tract infection 37.5% (3/8), sexual transmitted infections 37.25% (19/51), bites 33.33% (1/3), and abscesses 25% (1/4). All other remaining 18 conditions that were listed as diagnosis did not comply at all. On overall only 29.2% (146/500) of prescriptions that were evaluated complied. Conclusion: Antimicrobial prescribing patterns adhering to the EDL/STD were low. Attention needs to be given to the prescribing of antimicrobials.
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Irawati, Lyna. "Influence of penicillin allergy on antibiotic prescribing patterns and costs." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1844.
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The first part of this research was undertaken to assess the impact of documented penicillin allergy on the choice of antibiotics and the clinical and financial consequences of changes in prescribing patterns in an Australian teaching hospital. The medical records of all patients aged >/= 18 years admitted with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SGGH) over a 15-week period were reviewed prospectively. The severity of patients' penicillin allergies was assessed using a structured questionnaire. The antibiotic cost was calculated using acquisition, delivery (labour and equipment) and laboratory monitoring costs. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing was assessed using the Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic (TG:A). The antimicrobial selections and costs were then compared for those patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) penicillin allergy. 155 patients were reviewed (males 71, females 84) with an average age of 68 ± 18 years. Of these, 27 (17.4%) had documented penicillin allergies; of which 12 were classified as Severity I (e.g. anaphylaxis, urticaria), 12 as Severity II (e.g. rash, itch) and three as intolerance (e.g. GI upset). The current TG:A recommends cephalothin or cephazolin as the drugs of choice for mild to moderate CAP patients with a history of penicillin allergy. However, combinations of cephalothin intravenously and azithromycin orally were the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials for such patients. The TG:A recommends erythromycin plus cefotaxime or ceftriaxone as the first-line therapy for severe CAP patients with a documented penicillin allergy. Yet, combinations of intravenous cephalothin, erythromycin and gentamicin were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobials for such patients.A history of penicillin allergy significantly (p<0.05) increased the cost of antibiotic treatment and total cost of admission. The adherence of antibiotic prescribing to the TG:A for patients with penicillin allergies is variable. Patients with labelled penicillin allergies had greater antibiotic costs and total cost of admission. Identifying patients with intolerance rather than allergies would reduce the total inpatient costs at SCGH by A$ 463.01 a year for mild to moderate CAP patients and A$ 39 614.54 a year for severe CAP patients. The second part of the project was a prospective study of patients admitted to SCGH who had a history of penicillin allergy, but were not suffering from CAP. This study was conducted in order to ensure that the pattern of penicillin allergies of patients admitted to the hospital could be adequately characterised. Over a 5-week period, all adult patients admitted without CAP to SCGH who claimed to have a history of penicillin allergy were interviewed with regard to their penicillin allergies. The standard of allergy documentation was also assessed for each patient. Of the 140 patients assessed (males 63, females 77, average age 61 ± 17 years), 108 (77.1%) were classified as allergic: 61 (56.5%) as Severity I and 47 (43.5%) as Severity 11, 26 (18.6%) as intolerant and the remaining six (4.3%) as not substantiated.The standard documentation of the patients' penicillin allergies was poor - only 40 (38.6%) of either medical records or drug charts had the type of reaction and only five (3.6%) had the date of reaction. In general, penicillin allergies were poorly documented in both patients' medical records and on drug charts. Inadequate detail of reported reactions often made it difficult to assess their clinical significance. These findings prompted a recommendation that pharmacists should help to ensure accurate allergy documentation by evaluating patients and educating both patients and health care professionals.
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Strang, John Stanley. "Changing patterns of heroin use : examination of populations and individuals." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307372.
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Richards, Naomi. "Fatigue and beyond : patterns of, and motivations for illicit drug use among long haul truck drivers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16018/1/Naomi_Richards_Thesis.pdf.
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Long distance truck drivers are considered a special interest group in terms of drug-----
driving research and policy due to high rates of use, involvement of drugs in truck accidents and the link between drug use and work related fatigue. Qualitative interview data was collected from 35 long haul truck drivers in South East Queensland and analysed using NVivo 2.0. High rates of licit and illicit drug use (particularly amphetamines) were reported. However, unlike previous studies which focus on fatigue, this research found overlapping and changing motivations for drug use during individual lifetimes. Using Becker's model of a drug use 'career' it was revealed that some drivers begin illicit drug use before they begin truck driving. As well as fatigue, powerful
motives such as peer pressure, wanting to fit the trucking 'image', socialisation, relaxation and addiction were reported. These may need to be considered along side fatigue in the development of effective drug prevention or cessation policies for truck drivers.
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Richards, Naomi. "Fatigue and beyond : patterns of, and motivations for illicit drug use among long haul truck drivers." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16018/.
Full textAbstract:
Long distance truck drivers are considered a special interest group in terms of drug-----
driving research and policy due to high rates of use, involvement of drugs in truck accidents and the link between drug use and work related fatigue. Qualitative interview data was collected from 35 long haul truck drivers in South East Queensland and analysed using NVivo 2.0. High rates of licit and illicit drug use (particularly amphetamines) were reported. However, unlike previous studies which focus on fatigue, this research found overlapping and changing motivations for drug use during individual lifetimes. Using Becker's model of a drug use 'career' it was revealed that some drivers begin illicit drug use before they begin truck driving. As well as fatigue, powerful
motives such as peer pressure, wanting to fit the trucking 'image', socialisation, relaxation and addiction were reported. These may need to be considered along side fatigue in the development of effective drug prevention or cessation policies for truck drivers.
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Yiu, Kar-lok. "Clinical research and drug prescription patterns among private practitioners in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31494857.
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Yiu, Kar-lok, and 姚嘉諾. "Clinical research and drug prescription patterns among private practitioners in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010547.
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Orender, Maggie Marie. "An Examination of Patterns and Trends of Prescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1826.
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The purpose of this study was to examine prescription drug abuse among the adolescent population and analyze factors that may contribute to or influence adolescent drug abuse. This study examined 3 waves of a secondary data set from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) entitled the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The data from these surveys are nationally representative and include data on several types of drug use and mental health conditions. Results from the current study indicate that there were significant relationships among age, gender, race, previous alcohol use, school enrollment, general health, mental health treatment, and the use of prescription drugs in the adolescent populations. Future research should be conducted to investigate the severity of the impact adolescent prescription drug abuse will have on society and to investigate possible solutions to this problem.
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Jönsson, Anna K. "Drug-related morbidity and mortality : pharmacoepidemiological aspects /." Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10460.
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Forsyth, Alasdair John MacGregor. "A quantitative exploration of dance drug use the new pattern of drug use of the 1990s /." Thesis, Connect to electronic version, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1905/184.
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Irawati, Lyna. "Influence of penicillin allergy on antibiotic prescribing patterns and costs." Curtin University of Technology, School of Pharmacy, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13928.
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The first part of this research was undertaken to assess the impact of documented penicillin allergy on the choice of antibiotics and the clinical and financial consequences of changes in prescribing patterns in an Australian teaching hospital. The medical records of all patients aged >/= 18 years admitted with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SGGH) over a 15-week period were reviewed prospectively. The severity of patients' penicillin allergies was assessed using a structured questionnaire. The antibiotic cost was calculated using acquisition, delivery (labour and equipment) and laboratory monitoring costs. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing was assessed using the Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic (TG:A). The antimicrobial selections and costs were then compared for those patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) penicillin allergy. 155 patients were reviewed (males 71, females 84) with an average age of 68 ± 18 years. Of these, 27 (17.4%) had documented penicillin allergies; of which 12 were classified as Severity I (e.g. anaphylaxis, urticaria), 12 as Severity II (e.g. rash, itch) and three as intolerance (e.g. GI upset). The current TG:A recommends cephalothin or cephazolin as the drugs of choice for mild to moderate CAP patients with a history of penicillin allergy. However, combinations of cephalothin intravenously and azithromycin orally were the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials for such patients. The TG:A recommends erythromycin plus cefotaxime or ceftriaxone as the first-line therapy for severe CAP patients with a documented penicillin allergy. Yet, combinations of intravenous cephalothin, erythromycin and gentamicin were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobials for such patients.A history of penicillin allergy significantly (p<0.05) increased the cost of antibiotic treatment and total cost of admission. The adherence of antibiotic prescribing to the TG:A for patients with penicillin allergies is variable. Patients with labelled penicillin allergies had greater antibiotic costs and total cost of admission. Identifying patients with intolerance rather than allergies would reduce the total inpatient costs at SCGH by A$ 463.01 a year for mild to moderate CAP patients and A$ 39 614.54 a year for severe CAP patients. The second part of the project was a prospective study of patients admitted to SCGH who had a history of penicillin allergy, but were not suffering from CAP. This study was conducted in order to ensure that the pattern of penicillin allergies of patients admitted to the hospital could be adequately characterised. Over a 5-week period, all adult patients admitted without CAP to SCGH who claimed to have a history of penicillin allergy were interviewed with regard to their penicillin allergies. The standard of allergy documentation was also assessed for each patient. Of the 140 patients assessed (males 63, females 77, average age 61 ± 17 years), 108 (77.1%) were classified as allergic: 61 (56.5%) as Severity I and 47 (43.5%) as Severity 11, 26 (18.6%) as intolerant and the remaining six (4.3%) as not substantiated.
The standard documentation of the patients' penicillin allergies was poor - only 40 (38.6%) of either medical records or drug charts had the type of reaction and only five (3.6%) had the date of reaction. In general, penicillin allergies were poorly documented in both patients' medical records and on drug charts. Inadequate detail of reported reactions often made it difficult to assess their clinical significance. These findings prompted a recommendation that pharmacists should help to ensure accurate allergy documentation by evaluating patients and educating both patients and health care professionals.
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Skårberg, Kurt. "Anabolic-androgenic steroid users in treatment : social background, drug use patterns, and criminality." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-6249.
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Salentin, Sebastian, Melissa F. Adasme, Jörg C. Heinrich, V. Joachim Haupt, Simone Daminelli, Yixin Zhang, and Michael Schroeder. "From malaria to cancer: Computational drug repositioning of amodiaquine using PLIP interaction patterns." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230907.
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Drug repositioning identifies new indications for known drugs. Here we report repositioning of the malaria drug amodiaquine as a potential anti-cancer agent. While most repositioning efforts emerge through serendipity, we have devised a computational approach, which exploits interaction patterns shared between compounds. As a test case, we took the anti-viral drug brivudine (BVDU), which also has anti-cancer activity, and defined ten interaction patterns using our tool PLIP. These patterns characterise BVDU’s interaction with its target s. Using PLIP we performed an in silico screen of all structural data currently available and identified the FDA approved malaria drug amodiaquine as a promising repositioning candidate. We validated our prediction by showing that amodiaquine suppresses chemoresistance in a multiple myeloma cancer cell line by inhibiting the chaperone function of the cancer target Hsp27. This work proves that PLIP interaction patterns are viable tools for computational repositioning and can provide search query information from a given drug and its target to identify structurally unrelated candidates, including drugs approved by the FDA, with a known safety and pharmacology profile. This approach has the potential to reduce costs and risks in drug development by predicting novel indications for known drugs and drug candidates.
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Bizzarro, Michael R. "Lifetime patterns of maternal substance abuse as a predictor of child maltreatment and child developmental outcomes." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2003. http://www.icsw.edu/resources/library/dissertations.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2003.A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Backlund, Lars. "General practitioners' decision-making on drug treatment of hypercholesterolaemia /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-672-3/.
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Burke, Andrew. "High Spirits - With an accompanying exegesis - Behind Dry Ink in Set Patterns." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2063.
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This thesis is in the form of a novel titled 'High Spirits' and an exegesis, 'Behind Dry Ink in Set Patterns'.
The novel traces the life of an Australian girl from birth to her mid-teens. Rose Sommers is adopted by a couple who have returned from prisoner-of-war camps in Singapore after World War II. Set in the early 1960s, the narrative starts with Rose at thirteen running away from the family farm to Perth. The novel has six flashbacks in the first third to tell the story of how the parents adopted and treated her: her adoptive mother was unbalanced and her adoptive father was a weak man.
When she arrives in Perth, the buildings and crowded streets terrify Rose, so she runs straight through to bushland in Kings Park. There she teams up with Bela, a Hungarian refugee-and from there she is on her own. Through periods of great deprivation, including drug addiction and the birth of two children, Rose is in constant battle with the law and bureaucracy. From a religious rebel to a spiritual seeker, from a bikie's moll to a folksinging star, Rose's fortunes fluctuate wildly. She has relationships along the way, but as usual with relationships of those adrift in society, these come to grief. In the end, Rose battles to return to a 'normal' life for the benefit of her child-a scenario so often 'true to life' in contemporary society.
The exegesis comprises two independent but supportive essays. The first essay is autobiographical, exploring how I came to write a novel about a teenage girl in the 1960s with a drug problem. The second essay focuses on an exploration of the novel's similarities and differences to YA novels and how such literature can help shape a young person's thinking
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Descoteaux, Jillian M. "Substance Use Patterns of Performing Artists: A Preliminary Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1408643234.
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Patchala, Jagadeesh. "Data Mining Algorithms for Discovering Patterns in Text Collections." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1458299372.
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Johnson-Hart, Lallen Tyrone. "Classifying Drug Markets by Travel Patterns: Testing Reuter and MacCoun's Typology of Market Violence." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/181618.
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Criminal JusticePh.D.
Research to date has demonstrated significant relationships between the presence of outdoor drug markets and violent crime. Scholars have neglected however, to consider the role of travel distance on the drugs/violence nexus. The current study examines whether features of the distributions of travel distance to markets of drug buyers, drug sellers, or the interaction between the two distributions predicts drug market violence levels net of surrounding community demographic structure. Reuter and MacCoun's (1992) as yet untested model about the connections between drugs and violent crime, predicts that the interaction of drug seller and buyer distance distributions from varying distances more powerfully drug market violence levels than buyer and average distance averages. This suggests that how the travel patterns of the two major participants in drug markets intersect is key to understanding differences. That model is tested here. In addition, for comparison purposes, impacts of buyer and seller travel median distances are modeled separately. This work uses 5 years (2006-2010) of incident and arrest data from the Philadelphia Police Department. Reuter and MacCoun's model will be tested using the following analytical techniques. First, a methodology for locating and bounding drug markets using a nearest neighbor, hierarchical clustering technique is introduced. Using this methodology 34 drug markets are identified. Second, hierarchical linear models examining buyers and sellers separately predict travel distances to drug markets. Arrestees are nested within markets. This technique separates influences on distance arising from arrestees from drug market distance differences. Third, how market level median travel distance affects within drug market violence is considered. Specifically, the main effects of median buyer travel distance and median seller travel distance on drug market violence are captured using separate Poisson hierarchical linear models. Finally, impacts of the interaction between buyer and seller distance, Reuter and MacCoun's (1992) focus, are explored in another series of generalized hierarchical linear models. The main findings from the dissertation are as follows: 1. Results provide partial support for Reuter and MacCoun's drug market-violence model using multiple operationalizations. Public markets--those in which buyers and sellers travel from outside their own neighborhoods--are expected to be the most violent. 2. Separate raw distance measures for buyers and sellers correlate with within-drug market violence, after controlling for community demographics. 3. A negative effect of socioeconomic status and violence holds even when modeled with drug market variables. 4. As the proportion of crack cocaine sales within drug markets increases so too does within-market violence. Conceptual implications highlight the need to investigate social ties as an intervening variable in the travel distance »» drug market violence relationship. It is not clear from this research whether the travel distances of drug offenders in some way explains the amount or strength of social ties in a drug market, which in turn serves to suppress or elevate within-drug market violence. Policy implications suggest that Reuter and MacCoun's drug market types may connect with specific policing responses. Policing efforts may not receive much support from community residents because dense social networks may discourage reporting illicit activity. Markets drawing dealers and customers from farther away, and located around commercial and recreational centers may be amenable to place-based policing initiatives and coordinated intervention strategies with multiple city agencies.
Temple University--Theses
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Velghe, Carine. "Oral controlled drug delivery systems, optimization of release patterns and elucidation of release mechanisms." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S048/document.
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Le développement de nouvelles formes galéniques nécessite la mise au point de protocoles avec variation d’un ensemble de paramètres jouant sur les caractéristiques du dispositif. Au niveau industriel, cela représente une perte importante de temps et d’argent. Avec le développement d’outils permettant la caractérisation des systèmes et à fortiori des mécanismes impliqués dans la libération du principe actif, l’application des modèles mathématiques se voit être de plus en plus grande permettant de prédire la sortie du principe actif hors de son système. L’un des objectifs de ce travail a été de développer un modèle mathématique mécanique réaliste permettant de quantifier la libération de vitamines à partir de matrice lipidique. Deux techniques différentes de formulation : la compression directe et une suite d’extrusion en phase chauffante/ broyage/ compression directe ont permis la préparation de comprimés à base de Compritol 888 (glyceryl dibehenate NF). L’acide nicotinique a été utilisé comme principe actif modèle hautement soluble dans le milieu environnant. Des études de dissolution ont montrée une libération plus accrue pour des comprimés ayant une charge initiale en vitamine plus importante, cela liée à une augmentation de la porosité de la matrice avec l’épuisement graduel de la vitamine. Concernant la technique de préparation, un taux de sortie beaucoup plus faible dans le cas des comprimés préparés par extrusion en phase chauffante préalable, est mesuré, dû à un emprisonnement de la vitamine par la matrice fondue. A partir de ces observations et des connaissances sur les matrices lipidiques, un modèle basé sur les lois de diffusion de Fick et sur la considération de la coexistence d’une partie du principe actif sous forme dissoute ou non dissoute a été élaboré. Ce modèle permet la prédiction de la quantité de vitamine libérée au cours du temps en fonction de l’impact de la composition, de la technique de préparation et de la taille du système. Ces simulations in-silico sont d’une grande aide pour permettre d’accélérer la production de comprimés à base de Compritol 888. Dans le cas de systèmes multiparticulaires, et encore plus dans le cas de formes enrobées, des modèles mathématiques peuvent également être établis mais montrent une complexité plus grande, notamment due à la membrane polymérique. Dans cette optique, le développement de nouveaux outils pour caractériser les systèmes est primordial. Dernièrement la technologie Terahertz voit son potentiel comme nouvel outil dans la caractérisation de systèmes enrobés croissant. Son emploi dans la détection de différence de taille et d’uniformité de films polymériques d’enrobage pour des systèmes multicouches a été réalisé sur des granules de tailles conventionnelles (1mm de diamètre). Un premier enrobage de metoprolol succinate a été réalisé sur des noyaux de sucre, suivi d’un enrobage permettant le contrôle de la fuite du principe actif à base d’un mélange de Kollicoat SR :Kollicoat IR. Des granules avec différentes tailles d’enrobage ont été étudiées par Terahertz. Une taille homogène de la couche de principe actif pulvérisée a été montré dans tous les types de pellets ; alors qu’une taille croissante de l’enrobage polymérique 46 µm, 71 µm et 114 µm a pu être appréhendée. Ces résultats, mis en corrélation avec les méthodes de dissolution traditionnelles, permettront le développement d’une formule prédisant les cinétiques de libération à partir de la lecture non destructive de l’épaisseur d’enrobage par Térahertz.[...]Development of new galenic devices needs series experiments with variation of number parameters. For industrial, it’s a lost in time and money. Food and Drug Administration initiated since several years, Process Analytical Technology (PAT) as a tool to analyze and control pharmaceutical process. These tools can be helpful to determine drug release mechanism and allow application of mathematical model to predict drug release kinetics. One objective of this work is to develop a mechanistically realistic mathematical model allowing for the quantification of vitamin release from Compritol 888 (glyceryl dibehenate NF)-based matrix tablets, prepared either by direct compression or via hot-melt extrusion/grinding/compression. Nicotinic acid has been used as highly soluble drug in surrounding medium. Dissolution studies show vitamin release rates increased with increasing initial niacin content, due to the increased matrix porosity upon vitamin depletion. In all cases, niacin release from tablets prepared via hot-melt extrusion was slower than from tablets prepared by direct compression, due to more intense embedding of the vitamin within the lipid. Importantly, a numerical model based on Fick’s law of diffusion and considering the co-existence of dissolved and non-dissolved vitamin could successfully be used to quantify vitamin release from both types of tablets, irrespective of the initial niacin loading and tablet size. In-silico simulations can be very helpful to accelerate product optimization of Compritol 888-based matrices, saving development time and costs. For multiparticulates systems, and more again for coated forms, mathematical models are more complexes. In this goal, development of new tools to characterize devices is primordial. Technology Terahertz offers an interesting potential. This technique can be used to detect difference in size and uniformity for polymeric film from multilayer pellets of 1 mm diameter. Pellets consisting of a sugar starter core and a metoprolol succinate layer were coated with a Kollicoat® SR: Kollicoat® IR polymer blend. Pellets with several coating thickness are studied. No drug layer thickness difference between batches was observed, and the average coating thicknesses were 46 µm, 71 µm and 114 µm, for the different batches. Terahertz results compared with experimental data from dissolution methods, allow predicting coating thickness results correlated with the subsequent drug release behavior. Multiparticulates systems have important interest: they allow avoiding “dose dumping”. Dose dumping is described as an unintended, rapid drug release in a short period of time of the entire amount or a significant fraction of the drug contained in a modified release dosage form (Meyer, 2005). This phenomenon can be observed in the case of ethylcellulose-based devices in presence with ethanol rich-media. Recently, ethylcellulose:guar gum blend have been reported to provide ethanol-resistant drug release kinetics from coated dosage forms. Theophylline matrix pellets were coated with ethylcellulose: guar gum blends. These granules show no change in drug release profiles upon contact with medium containing 40% of ethanol (v/v). This is because the ethanol insoluble guar gum effectively avoids undesired ethylcellulose dissolution in ethanol-rich bulk fluids. However, so far the importance of crucial formulation parameters, including the minimum amount of guar gum to be incorporated and the minimum required guar gum viscosity, remains unclear. It was found that more than 5% guar gum (referred to the total polymer content) must be incorporated in the film coating and that the apparent viscosity of a 1% aqueous guar gum solution must be greater than 150 cPs to provide ethanol-resistance. [...]
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Brown, John Anthony. "The pattern of memory and perceptual dysfunctions in recreational ecstasy users /." View Thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060407.155643/index.html.
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Hoover, Amy K. "Neat drummer : computer-generated drum tracks." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1089.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Science
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Drennon, Michael T. "Drug resistant patterns of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the State of Florida in 2003." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001455.
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Chakragiri, Arathi M. "Drug Use and Risk Behavior Patterns for HIV in Men Who Have Sex with Men." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/32.
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Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for a majority of all men currently diagnosed with AIDS. MSM is also recognized as the largest risk category of all AIDS cases. Drug use has been shown to have a synergistic effect on the prevalence of HIV in the MSM population. The study aimed to examine the association between injection drug use, non-injection drug use, and non-drug use with sexual risk behaviors for HIV in men who have sex with men. Secondary, cross-sectional data procured from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System for the Atlanta Metropolitan Survey Area were used for the study. The study population was 960 participants. Using binary logistic regression analyses, the drug use categories were studied for unprotected intercourse, unprotected receptive anal intercourse and HIV status. Strong associations were seen independently for unprotected intercourse, unprotected receptive anal intercourse, and HIV status with injection and non injection drug use, but the association weakened for drug use categories when controlled for other independent factors. Taking into account current findings and findings from previous research, the importance of clinical significance over statistical significance was considered. Racial disparities were evident, in that, although the Black participants showed no increased odds for sexual risk factors or drug use, it had a higher odds for being HIV positive compared to Whites. Combining Viagra/Levitra with drugs was significantly associated with unprotected intercourse (AOR=1.9), and each individual drug showed a different degree of association with Viagra/Levitra. Further research is recommended to identify sub-populations at risk and appropriately allocate resources and channel programs and interventions.
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Lineburg, Mark Young. "An Analysis of Random Student Drug Testing Policies and Patterns of Practice In Virginia Public Schools." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26340.
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There were two purposes to this study. First, the study was designed to determine which Virginia public school districts have articulated policies that govern random drug testing of students and if school districts' policies aligned with U.S. Supreme Court standards and Virginia statutes. The second purpose was to ascertain the patterns of practice in selected Virginia school districts that currently conduct random drug testing of students. This included identifying which student groups were being tested and for which drugs. It was also of interest to learn how school districts monitor the testing program and if drug testing practices were aligned with the policies that govern them. Data were gathered by examining student handbooks and district policies in order to determine which school districts had drug testing policies. These policies then were analyzed using a legal framework constructed from U.S. Supreme Court standards that have emerged from case law governing search and seizure in schools. Finally, data on patterns of practice were collected through in-depth interviewing and observation of those individuals responsible for implementing student drug testing in those districts that have such programs. The analyses revealed that the current policies and patterns of practice in random drug testing programs in Virginia public schools comply with Supreme Court standards and state statutes. Student groups subject to testing in Virginia public schools include student athletes and students in extracurricular activities in grades eight through twelve. Monitoring systems in the school districts implementing random drug testing were not consistent. There is evidence that the school districts implementing random drug testing programs have strong community support for the program.Ed. D.
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Jiang, Pan-Pan. "Patterns of molecular evolution and epistasis on a genomic and genic scale." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10771.
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Epistasis describes non-additive interactions which affect gene expression and phenotype. It can happen on multiple levels, including on a genomic level with interactions between genes or even chromosomes affecting global patterns of gene expression. It can also happen within a gene itself, with epistatic interactions between amino acids affecting gene expression and resultant phenotypes. I present three studies in two organisms to study this phenomenon on a global-genomic scale, and also on a local-genic scale.
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Chalker, John C. "Interventions for improved prescribing and dispensing of medicines in Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-690-1.
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Barnard, Adam Johannes. "An investigation of medicine usage patterns and psychological well-being of a sample of South African Police Service members / A.J. Barnard." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1512.
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Zajakowki, Susan M. "The effect of consumption pattern on tolerance to caffeine." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941355.
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The effect of caffeine consumption on blood pressure has been widely studied. Robertson et al. (J Clin Invest 67: 1111-1117, 1981) cited findings of tolerance to humoral and hemodynamic effects from caffeine within four days when caffeine is consumed with each meal. These findings of tolerance have not been verified. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine intake pattern on the development of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of caffeine. Fourteen volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups of seven. One group received 250 mg of caffeine in the morning only (MO), the other group received 250 mg of caffeine in the morning, afternoon, and evening (All Day-AD). Subjects underwent a seven day trial during which blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed; morning beverage (250 mg of caffeine) was ingested and BP and HR assessments were obtained every 10 minutes for 50 minutes at rest, and after 10 minutes of cycling at 100 Watts. Afternoon and evening beverages were consumed which contained 250 mg caffeine each or placebo. No significant change in SBP, DBP, or HR from rest to 40 minutes post-caffeine absorption or between caffeine dosing pattern across trial days was found. A main effect was found for SBP post caffeine consumption (MO=5.4 vs. AD= 1.3). Mean values for DBP were stable across days 3-7 (M0=3.14-4.7 mmHg) but decreased from (3.86-.14 mmHg) from days 3 to 7 (AD). SBP revealed a significant interaction during exercise and across trial days. SBP and HR for the morning only group was higher than the all day caffeine consumption group across days. However DBP was lower across days for the morning only vs. the all day intake pattern. Therefore, caffeine dosing pattern does not appear to have an effect on tolerance to the hemodynamic effects of caffeine at rest or during exercise.School of Physical Education
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Nakaoka, Sachiko. "Prescribing pattern of anti-Parkinson drugs in Japan: a trend analysis from 2005 to 2010." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/193574.
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Nakaoka S, Ishizaki T, Urushihara H, Satoh T, Ikeda S, et al. (2014) Prescribing Pattern of Anti-Parkinson Drugs in Japan: A Trend Analysis from 2005 to 2010. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99021. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099021Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(社会健康医学)
甲第18649号
社医博第61号
新制||社医||8(附属図書館)
31563
京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻
(主査)教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 松原 和夫
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Giron, Maria Stella T. "The rational use of drugs in a population of very old persons /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-155-1.
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Amin, Amit Dipak, Lingxiao Li, Soumya S. Rajan, Vijay Gokhale, Matthew J. Groysman, Praechompoo Pongtornpipat, Edgar O. Tapia, Mengdie Wang, and Jonathan H. Schatz. "TKI sensitivity patterns of novel kinase-domain mutations suggest therapeutic opportunities for patients with resistant ALK+ tumors." IMPACT JOURNALS LLC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617186.
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The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein drives tumorigenesis in subsets of several tumors through chromosomal rearrangements that express and activate its C-terminal kinase domain. In addition, germline predisposition alleles and acquired mutations are found in the full-length protein in the pediatric tumor neuroblastoma. ALK-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become important new drugs for ALK-driven lung cancer, but acquired resistance via multiple mechanisms including kinase-domain mutations eventually develops, limiting median progression-free survival to less than a year. Here we assess the impact of several kinase-domain mutations that arose during TKI resistance selections of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell lines. These include novel variants with respect to ALK-fusion cancers, R1192P and T1151M, and with respect to ALCL, F1174L and I1171S. We assess the effects of these mutations on the activity of six clinical inhibitors in independent systems engineered to depend on either the ALCL fusion kinase NPM-ALK or the lung-cancer fusion kinase EML4-ALK. Our results inform treatment strategies with a likelihood of bypassing mutations when detected in resistant patient samples and highlight differences between the effects of particular mutations on the two ALK fusions.
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Arance, Fernandez Ana Maria. "Gene expression patterns involved in the development of drug resistance in an 'in vitro' model of tumorigenesis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424473.
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