Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drugs repurposing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Drugs repurposing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Drugs repurposing"

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Page, Michael Le. "Repurposing cancer drugs." New Scientist 243, no. 3250 (October 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(19)31838-x.

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Korman, D. B. "Repurposing drugs in oncology." Practical oncology 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31917/1801139.

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Ferrarelli, Leslie K. "Repurposing drugs for glioblastoma." Science Signaling 8, no. 401 (November 3, 2015): ec321-ec321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aad7743.

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Khachigian, Levon M. "Repurposing Drugs for Skin Cancer." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 42 (December 16, 2020): 7214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666191220103901.

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Drug repurposing is the process of developing existing or abandoned drugs for a different disease. Repurposing can circumvent higher costs and times associated with conventional drug discovery strategies because toxicity and pharmacokinetics profiles are typically already established. This brief review focuses on efforts to repurpose drugs for skin cancer and includes reuse of antihypertensives, anthelmintics and antifungals among a range of other medicines. Repurposing not only ushers promising known drugs for new indications, the process of repurposing can uncover new mechanistic insights in the pathogenesis of disease and uncover new opportunities for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Miroshnichenko, I. I., E. A. Valdman, and I. I. Kuz'min. "Old Drugs, New Indications (Review)." Drug development & registration 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-1-182-190.

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Introduction. The drug can be used in the treatment of one disease and for the prevention and treatment of another pathological process. This is possible due to the repurposing of medicines. Creating drugs from scratch takes a long time to develop and implement, which leads to large financial costs, and also has a high dropout rate of candidate substances and requires significant financial costs. The main advantage of repurposing instead of creating new drug is relatively low financial costs and a significant reduction in the first two phases of clinical trials.Text. Drug repurposing is based on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmaceuticals and clinical trials, where the first two phases are significantly reduced compared to the creation of a completely new. There are examples of successful repurposing and negative side effects with off-label drug use, which is unsafe but the best solution for orphan diseases. A targeted search for the possibility of repurposing drugs using an automatic procedure is being carried out, where a large number of chemical compounds are tested for activity or affinity for receptors and enzymes – high-throughput screening. Computer design has become widespread, which or repurposing "in silico", where information about the drug is used: targets, chemical structures, metabolic pathways, side effects, followed by the construction of appropriate models. Machine learning (ML) algorithms: Bayes classifier, logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and others are successfully used in biochemical pharmaceutical, toxicological research. But the most promising development of reprofiling is associated with the use of deep neural networks (DNN). Using deep learning, DNN were found to outperform other algorithms for drug development and toxicity prediction.Conclusion. Currently, interest in drug repurposing has grown markedly. A search for the keywords «drug repurposing» showed 2,422 articles on the problem of new uses for drugs that already exist in medicine.
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Jannat, Aqsa, Sadia Rafique, Sana Javed, Aamna Habib, and Zunaira Afzal. "A Review on Repurposing of Drug." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 11 (February 12, 2024): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs0202317112.

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Background: For discovering novel drugs and to gain market acceptance process of conventional drug discovery is used in which various stages are involved. Aim: To innovate new approaches for minimizing the cost and time of drug discovery. Method: Several attempts were made for the building of plans based on computational tools and on bio-informatics to strengthen the repurposing method off-late. Various approaches used to invent novel signs for FDA accepted drugs are discussed in this review. Results: The repurposing of the drugs has obtained significance in identifying novel therapeutic uses for existing drugs. It is a productive strategy for the discovery of drugs also time and cost-effective.It fills the gap for the absence of efficiency of conventional drug development. Implications: In drug repurposing, selection and decision of suitable repurposing technique depend on previous knowledge and accessible data from particular studies. The best advantage of the drug repurposing technique is that for approved drugs all the required data is available. Conclusion: This technique is currently appearing to overcome the restriction faced during conventional drug discovery in the form of resources, timeline, and financial support . The feasibility of repurposing technique is improved by its systematic application. Some examples of repurposed drugs are also reviewed here. This review also covers the skill of repurposing survival drugs for use against microbes. Keywords: Conventional drug, drug repurposing, repurposing approaches, docking, proteinopathy.
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Bhosale, Amol. "Repurposing Drugs for Covid-19." Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asps.2020.04.0545.

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K. Lee, Daniel, and Eva Szabo. "Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Prevention." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 19 (May 30, 2016): 2169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666160216154946.

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Arzuk, Ege, Ali Ergüç, and Fuat Karakuş. "REPURPOSING DRUGS FOR CANCER THERAPY." Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi / Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences 5, no. 1 (August 9, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jarhs2021-1133474.

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Ayyar, Porkodi, and Umamaheswari Subramanian. "Repurposing – second life for drugs." Pharmacia 69, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e72548.

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Drug repurposing refers to finding new indications for existing drugs. The paradigm shift from traditional drug discovery to drug repurposing is driven by the fact that new drug pipelines are getting dried up because of mounting Research & Development (R&D) costs, long timeline for new drug development, low success rate for new molecular entities, regulatory hurdles coupled with revenue loss from patent expiry and competition from generics. Anaemic drug pipelines along with increasing demand for newer effective, cheaper, safer drugs and unmet medical needs call for new strategies of drug discovery and, drug repurposing seems to be a promising avenue for such endeavours. Drug repurposing strategies have progressed over years from simple serendipitous observations to more complex computational methods in parallel with our ever-growing knowledge on drugs, diseases, protein targets and signalling pathways but still the knowledge is far from complete. Repurposed drugs too have to face many obstacles, although lesser than new drugs, before being successful.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drugs repurposing"

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Antona, Annamaria. "Repurposing of psychotropic drugs for cancer therapy." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/127826.

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Despite improvements in cancer therapy, overall survival for most cancer types has changed a little in the past decades. Drug repositioning represents a promising approach for discovering new therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. Since several epidemiological studies reported lower cancer incidence in individuals receiving long term psychotropic drugs treatment, in this project we investigated 27 psychotropic drugs for their cytotoxic activity in several cancer cell lines. Consistent with the cationic amphiphilic structure of the most cytotoxic compounds, we investigated their effect on mitochondrial and lysosomal compartments. Penfluridol, ebastine, pimozide, fluoxetine, fluspirilene and nefazodone showed significant cytotoxicity, in the low micromolar range, in all cell lines tested. In MCF7 cells these drugs triggered mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increased the acidic vesicular compartments and induced phospholipidosis. Neither caspase nor autophagy inhibitors rescued cells from death induced by fluoxetine, fluspirilene and nefazodone. Treatment with 3-methyladenine rescued cell death induced by pimozide and spiperone. Conversely, inhibition of lysosomal cathepsins significantly reduced cell death induced by ebastin, penfluridol, pimozide, spiperone and mildly by fluoxetine. Lastly, spiperone caused apoptosis in colorectal and breast. Our unpublished data on the characterization of spiperone activity on adherent and stem-like colorectal cancer cells demonstrated that its cytotoxicity is linked to perturbations of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, which likely result in mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and membrane depolarization, cell cycle block in G1 phase, and apoptosis. Spiperone induced a PLC dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) along with ER stress and unfolded protein response activation, resulting in CHOP upregulation. Altogether these data support the clinical development of psychotropic drugs for cancer therapy.
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Farhad, Jahanfar. "Identifying antagonist drugs for TRPM8 ion channel as candidates for repurposing." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1162721.

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Even though it is confirmed that ion channels are at the centre of many diseases, approved drugs are only available for small percentage of these proteins, and yet many pathologically important ion channels like transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels remain without approved drugs. One reason could be the time-consuming and expensive process in drug discovery. Which has high possibility of failure in any step even after approval and marketing. Therefore, repurposing approved drugs might be considered as a solution and may offer an accelerated procedure in finding new treatments for patients. For the present research we selected TRPM8 ion channel as a neglected target despite growing number of studies regarding its association with numerous diseases. In this project we have first identified potent antagonists for TRPM8 ion channel among approved drugs, by using mainly the automated patch clamp device IonFlux 16. Such device allowed us to screen blocking potency of drugs against TRPM8 ion channel in time efficient way. Our approach consisted of using ligand-based virtual screening method, to optimize our screening by identifying candidates for further screening. We also studied possible interactions of identified drugs with antagonist binding site on TRPM8 channel by molecular docking. Furthermore, we have evaluated the effects of identified antagonists against different types of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. We were able to identify four drugs with IC50 lower than 50 µM including propranolol, propafenone, carvedilol and nebivolol. Among them nebivolol with IC50 = 0.97± 0.15 µM and carvedilol with IC50 = 9.1 ± 0.6 µM were the most potent blockers. Studying the interactions of identified drugs with known binding site of TRPM8 by molecular docking, revealed high possibility of direct binding of nebivolol to binding site of TRPM8. Nebivolol was the most cytotoxic drug against PDACs, but it was also toxic against non-cancerous HEK-293 cells. While carvedilol had cytotoxic against PDACs, interestingly it wasn’t cytotoxic against HEK-293 cells. Result of these study will provide promising candidates for drug repurposing and will propose promising lead compound in drug discovery for new antagonists of TRPM8 ion channel. Also, our method of approach for identifying candidate drugs as agonist or antagonist could be applied for other ion channels.
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Kigondu, Elizabeth Victoria Mumbi. "Repurposing chlorpromazine and its metabolites for antituberculosis drug discovery." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16702.

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New chemotherapeutics are urgently needed to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). The development of compounds that could potentiate the activity of known antimycobacterial drugs is a relatively unexplored approach to new TB drug discovery. This study aimed to generate metabolites of chlorpromazine (CPZ), a phenothiazine with demonstrated in vitro activity against Mtb, and to investigate their potential utility in combination with anti-TB drugs. 7-HydroxyCPZ (M2), CPZ-N-oxide (M3), CPZ sulfoxide (M1), nor-CPZ (M5), nor-CPZ sulfoxide (M6b) and CPZ-N-S-dioxide (M4b) were generated from CPZ using various biotransformation systems and identified by Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). The identity of M2 was confirmed with reference to a 7-hydroxyCPZ standard. M3, M1, M5, M6b and M4b were synthesized de novo and used to identify the metabolites generated in the biotransformation samples. Individually, CPZ and its metabolites (M2, M3, M5) were weakly active (MIC99 >50μM) against M. smegmatis (Msm) and Mtb while M1, M6b & M4b did not exhibit a MIC99 even at very high concentrations. Generally, an improvement in activity was observed where CPZ or its metabolites were used in combination with known anti-TB drugs. The combinations that exhibited a fractional inhibition concentration index (FICI) of < 0.5 were defined as synergistic. A combination of M2 and spectinomycin (SPEC) exhibited the highest synergism against Msm (FICI 0.19) and Mtb (FICI 0.13). In vitro assays established that CPZ and M2 are bactericidal against Mtb whereas M3 and M5 are bacteriostatic on their own. In combination assays, the use of RIF with M3 and M5, bedaquiline (BDQ) with M2, and SPEC with M3 were bactericidal. At 140μM, CPZ and M1, M2, M3 treated samples exhibited a 2-fold up-regulation of the cydA (Rv1623c) gene which encodes an essential subunit of the cytochrome bd-type menaquinol oxidase in Mtb. The same observation was made for RIF/M2 and RIF/M5 treated samples. These results suggest that the metabolites retain the mechanism of action (MoA) as the parental CPZ. The Mtb 16S rRNA gene, rrs (MTB000019) was identified as the biological target for SPEC. This brought into perspective the underlying mechanisms at play when SPEC is used in combination with CPZ, its metabolites or other drugs, against mycobacteria. This study establishes the utility of combination assays in confirming the active metabolite(s) of known drugs and provides proof of concept data to support follow-up investigations of CPZ and its metabolites as potential compounds for novel combination therapies for anti-TB drug development.
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Hadwen, Jeremiah. "Repurposing Clinic-Tested Drugs to Treat Rare Neurogenetic Diseases by Transcriptional Modulation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37581.

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Rare diseases caused by single-gene mutations affect almost one million Canadians. According to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database, ~4,500 rare monogenic diseases have a known cause; but less than 5% of patients have access to disease-modifying drugs. The dearth of accessible drugs for patients suffering from rare genetic diseases is partly due to the astronomical costs of traditional drug development which, when combined with the small target population, make rare disease therapeutics unattractive ventures for the pharmaceutical establishment. The paucity of cost-effective treatments for rare diseases has resulted in the promotion of clinic-ready drug repurposing as a tenable strategy for rare disease therapeutics. To identify repurposed candidates for rare neurogenetic diseases, I conducted a transcriptome-wide drug screen in mouse primary cerebrocortical cultures. RNA sequencing was used to develop a database of transcriptome-wide differential expression for 218 clinic-tested drugs. The “Neuron Screen” database was queried to identify drugs that upregulate ~60 rare neurogenetic disease genes (type I hits). Gene set enrichment pathway analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify network associated drug-gene interactions (type II hits). Both types of drug-gene hits were further assessed in vitro and in vivo by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. This analysis showed that the IPA-based network-associated approach reduces the false positive rate when identifying differentially expressed genes in transcriptome-wide data-sets. The analysis also identified two drug-gene interactions with genes that cause rare neurogenetic disease, thyroid hormone-Pmp22 and dexamethasone-Mfsd2a, that merit further investigation. This work proves the utility of the Neuron Screen database to connect rare disease genes with transcript-modulating drugs and provides a starting point to understand the transcriptional effects of pharmacologic agents on the mammalian brain.
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Lima, Marta Lopes. "Estudo do mecanismo de ação de fármacos em Leishmania: uma abordagem metabolômica não dirigida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-13112017-090743/.

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A quimioterapia disponível para o tratamento das leishmanioses conta com um número reduzido de fármacos, com efeitos adversos severos e progressivo aumento de resistência. O reposicionamento de fármacos oferece uma grande oportunidade para introdução de novas terapias. Antidepressivos orais têm demonstrado eficácia tanto in vitro quanto in vivo contra espécies de Leishmania spp. Neste estudo, o antidepressivo sertralina (SRT), e o fármaco ciclobenzaprina (CBP), um relaxante muscular de estrutura tricíclica análoga a antidepressivos, foram avaliados quanto a atividade contra Leishmania (L.) infantum. Estudos metabolômicos não dirigidos utilizando multiplataforma analítica, foram combinados a análises de parâmetros celulares, essenciais para obtenção de uma ampla descrição dos mecanismos de ação. A CBP mostrou uma atividade leishmanicida in vitro, com valor de CE50 de 4,3 ?M contra formas promastigotas e 8,6 ?M contra formas amastigotas intracelulares. O fármaco apresentou uma citotoxicidade (CC50) de 70,6 ?M em células NCTC, e um índice de seletividade similar a miltefosina. Os estudos de mecanismo de ação, sugeriram que a CBP se difunde pela membrana plasmática, causando diminuição do ??p e no interior citoplasmático, parece induzir um estresse do RE com liberação de Ca+2; concomitantemente, induz um desacoplamento brando da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial e depleção dos níveis de ATP. Com o efeito prolongado, a liberação de Ca+2 parece ativar a autofagia, e seu influxo para a mitocôndria potencializar os efeitos deletérios, diminuindo o ??m e aumentando a produção de ROS. A longo prazo, o CBP induz uma extensa alteração metabólica, caracterizada aumento dos níveis da maioria dos metabólitos identificados e atividade desregulada de transportadores de membrana, gerando alto gasto energético associado a condições insuficientes de produção de energia mitocondrial, resultando em morte celular. A sertralina também apresentou atividade leishmanicida in vitro, com valor de CE50 de 2 ?M contra formas promastigotas e 3,9 ?M contra formas amastigotas intracelulares. Sua toxicidade em células NCTC foi de 19,6 ?M, resultando em um índice de seletividade similar a miltefosina. Nossos estudos confirmaram a mitocôndria de Leishmania como alvo primário e, o efeito de desacoplamento da cadeia respiratória associado ao colapso energético, estresse oxidativo seguido da despolarização do ??m como a possível origem desta disfunção mitocondrial. Estudos metabolômicos evidenciaram que a extensão do desarranjo metabólico, abrange diminuição da capacidade de detoxificação do metabolismo tiol-redox, uma severa depleção do pool intracelular de aminoácidos e poliaminas, evidenciando uma completa deterioração do metabolismo energético, por meio de um mecanismo multialvo direcionado a vias metabólicas essências do parasita. Finalmente, este estudo descreve a atividade anti-Leishmania de dois fármacos orais aprovados, com mecanismos de ação letais e irreversíveis no parasita, encorajando o prosseguimento para futuros estudos pré-clínicos na leishmaniose visceral americana
The available chemotherapy for the treatment of leishmaniasis has a reduced number of drugs, with severe adverse effects and progressive increase of resistance. The drug repurposing offers a great opportunity for the introduction of new therapies. Oral antidepressants have been demonstrated efficacy both in vitro and in vivo against Leishmania spp. In this study, the antidepressant sertraline (SRT), and the drug cyclobenzaprine (CBP), a muscle relaxant with tricyclic structure analogous to antidepressants, were evaluated against Leishmania (L.) infantum. Untargeted metabolomic studies using multiplataform analysis were combined to cellular parameters to a broad description of the mechanisms of action. Cyclobenzaprine showed an in vitro leishmanicidal activity with an EC50 value of 4.3 ?M against promastigotes and 8.6 ?M against intracellular amastigote forms. The drug showed a cytotoxicity (CC50) of 70.6 ?M in NCTC cells, and a selectivity index similar to miltefosine. Mechanism of action studies suggested that CBP diffuses through the plasma membrane, causing a decrease of the ??p and inside the cytoplasm, the drug seems to induce an ER stress, with release of Ca+2; concomitantly, it induces a mild decoupling of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and depletion of ATP levels. With the prolonged effect, a release of Ca+ 2 appears to activate an autophagy, and its mitochondrial influx results in a potentiation of deleterious effects as decreasing of ??m and increasing ROS production. In long term, CBP induces an extensive metabolic alteration, characterized increased levels of most of the identified metabolites and unregulated activity of membrane transporters. These generates a high energy expenditure associated to limited conditions of mitochondrial energy production, resulting in the cellular death. Sertraline also showed in vitro leishmanicidal activity, with an EC50 value of 2 ?M against promastigotes and 3.9 ?M against intracellular amastigote forms. Its toxicity in NCTC cells was 19.6 ?M, resulting in a selectivity index similar to miltefosine. Our studies confirmed the mitochondria of Leishmania as the primary target, and the uncoupling of the respiratory chain associated with energy collapse, oxidative stress, and the depolarization of ??m as the possible origin of this mitochondrial dysfunction. Metabolomics evidenced an extended metabolic disarray caused by SRT encompassing a decrease in the scavenging capacity of the thiol-redox metabolism and a severe depletion of the intracellular pool of amino acids and polyamines. The complete deterioration of energetic metabolism was evident through a multi-target mechanism, affecting the main metabolic pathways of the parasite. Finally, this study describes an anti-Leishmania activity of two approved oral drugs with lethal and irreversible mechanisms of action in the parasite, encouraging future preclinical studies in American visceral leishmaniasis.
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Do, Monte Fialho Murteira Susana Claudia. "Drug repurposing and market access : conditions and determinants for price, reimbursement and access of reformulated and repositioned drugs in the United States of America and Europe." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10115.

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Le développement de novo de médicaments est un processus long et coûteux. De plus en plus, les développeurs de médicaments cherchent à mettre en oeuvre des stratégies rentables et à moindre risque pour le développement de produits pharmaceutiques. Le processus de trouver de nouveaux usages pour des médicaments existants en dehors de l'indication initiale pour laquelle ils ont été initialement approuvé est couramment désigné comme « repositionnement », « réorientation » ou « reprofilage ». Le développement de formulations différentes pour un même médicament pharmaceutique est communément désigné comme « reformulation » et le processus de trouver une autre utilisation thérapeutique d'un médicament déjà connu est dénommé « repositionnement ». Ces deux stratégies sont devenues un courant dominant dans le développement des médicaments. Les principaux objectifs de la recherche menée dans cette thèse sont de parvenir à proposer une nomenclature et la taxonomie solide et valable pour l'identification et la classification des stratégies de « repurposing » de médicaments ; évaluer les voies de régulation de stratégies de repositionnement et de reformulation, par types de stratégies et dans les 2 régions géographiques étudiées ; et déterminer les paramètres qui ont un impact sur la probabilité d'un résultat positif sur le prix, le remboursement et l'accès au marché vis-à-vis des conditions accordées pour le médicament original dans les deux régions géographiques dans l'étude
De novo drug development is a costly and lengthy process. As a result of such market forces, drug developers are increasingly striving to find cost effective and reduced-risk strategies for developing drug products and to protect existing products from competition, as well as to extend their patent protection time. The process of finding new uses for existing drugs outside the scope of the original indication for which they were initially approved is variously referred as repositioning, redirecting, repurposing, or reprofiling. The development of different formulations for a same pharmaceutical drug is commonly designated as “reformulation” and the process of finding a new therapeutic use for an already known drug is referred to as “repositioning”. Both strategies have become a mainstream in drug development. The main objectives of the research conducted in this thesis are to propose a robust and valid nomenclature and taxonomy for identification and classification of drug repurposing strategies, to evaluate which regulatory pathways and trends are taken by drug repositioning and reformulation, by repurposed types and within the Europe and the US and determine which parameters have the most and least impact on the probability of a successful outcome on pricing, reimbursement and market access in repurposing vis-à-vis the conditions granted for the original drug
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SANDMAN, SARA. "Pharmaceutical Opportunities : A three-step repositioning model for evaluating market options." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199225.

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Pharmaceutical industry is today struggling with its productivity as products keep failing after long and expensive development programs. The protability is further threatened by erce competition from cheaper product copies. As an attempt to increase the pipeline output, pharmaceutical companies have lately turned to the strategy of drug repositioning. By applying an already developed drug in new disease areas the lifetime of the product is prolonged and return time on already made investments elongated.  Such development is imbued by less risk than a de novo development and has proven to be a faster and cheaper way to meet the medical demand. With limited company budgets and the often many repositioning possibilities, an informed repositioning selection must be made. As such theoretical model is not publicly available this thesis takes on the task to determine which parameters to take into consideration and how these should be weighted in relation to each other in order to evaluate di erent drug repositioning possibilities. Six main topics are identied to a ect the repositioning success, these are: medical need, economic return, scientic support, timing, life cycle extenders and external relations. These ndings are derived from empirics collected during interviews with employees from ve di erent competence areas involved in repositioning initiatives, na mely: research & development, clinical studies, regulatory a airs, pricing, and commercial. By further support from literature within the elds of drug repositioning and R&D project selection a three-step repositioning model was developed. The first step in the three-step repositioning model consists of primary parameters, these are essential parameters that have to be fullled in order to perform a repositioning strategy. If any of the primary parameters are not fullled, the repositioning opportunity should be killed in a go/no-go decision. In a second step, the secondary parameters are evaluated in a scoring model in order to determine the economical outlook of each repositioning opportunity. The opportunities showing greatest economical outlook should further be evaluated in the third and nal step in the three-step repositioning model. In this nal step the di erent repositioning opportunities are evaluated by their coherence with an overall corporate strategy. By applying this repositioning model to a repositioning selection scarce company resources  ay be focused on the repositioning opportunities showing best future prospect. Evaluating the potential of repositioning opportunities in a structured way should also increase chances to succeed. If successful, a repositioning initiative may a ect both company and society as the company improves return on earlier investments, while more patients in need of treatment will receive access to it. However, the three-step repositioning model presented in this thesis should be tested for more cases and perhaps be complemented with additional parameters or di erent gradings in order to optimize the selection.
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Drancé, Martin. "Graphes de connaissances et intelligence artificielle explicable : application au repositionnement de médicaments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04874772.

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Le repositionnement de médicaments consiste à trouver de nouvelles utilisations thérapeutiques pour des médicaments existants qui sont déjà approuvés pour traiter d’autres pathologies. Cette approche profite des connaissances déjà existantes sur ces molécules, permettant ainsi un développement plus rapide et moins coûteux par rapport à la création de nouveaux médicaments. Le repositionnement est particulièrement utile pour répondre à des besoins médicaux non satisfaits, comme par exemple pour les maladies rares ou émergentes. Ces dernières années, le développement de graphes de connaissances a permis de concentrer toutes ces informations biomédicales autour du médicament issues de grandes bases de données ou de connaissances. Un graphe de connaissances est une représentation structurée d’informations provenant de différentes sources, qui relie ces informations les unes aux autres par l’utilisation de relations. Cette représentation est particulièrement utile pour mieux comprendre les relations complexes qui structurent nos connaissances sur un médicament. Elle est utilisée de nos jours pour la tâche de repositionnement en particulier. Une façon efficace de repositionner des médicaments à partir de ces graphes est d’utiliser des méthodes d’intelligence artificielle qui prédisent de nouveaux liens entre les objets du graphe. De cette manière, un modèle correctement entraîné sera capable de proposer une nouvelle connexion entre un médicament et une maladie, indiquant une potentielle opportunité de repositionnement. Cette méthodologie présente cependant un gros désavantage : les modèles pour la prédiction de liens fournissent souvent des résultats opaques, qui ne peuvent pas être interprétés par l’utilisateur final des prédictions. Cette thèse propose d’étudier l’utilisation de méthodes d’intelligence artificielle explicables dans le but de repositionner des médicaments à partir de données biomédicales représentées dans des graphes de connaissances. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons l’impact du pré-entraînement sur les modèles de multihop reasoning pour la prédiction de liens. Nous montrons que la construction des représentations des entités du graphe avant l’entraînement du modèle permet une amélioration des performances prédictives, ainsi que de la quantité et la diversité des explications. Dans un second temps, nous étudions comment l’ajout de relations dans un graphe de connaissances affecte les résultats de prédiction de liens. Nous montrons que l’ajout de liens dans trois graphes biomédicaux permet une amélioration des performances prédictives du modèle SQUIRE, et ce sur différents types de relations lien avec le repositionnement de médicaments. Une analyse de l’impact sur l’explicabilité du modèle est aussi menée à la suite de l’ajout de ces relations. Enfin, nous proposons une nouvelle méthodologie pour la tâche de classification de liens dans un graphe de connaissances, basée sur l’utilisation de forêts aléatoires. À partir des informations concernant le voisinage de chaque noeud dans le graphe, nous montrons qu’un modèle de forêts aléatoires est capable de prédire correctement l’existence ou non d’un lien entre deux noeuds. Ces résultats permettent une visualisation des noeuds utilisés pour réaliser la prédiction. Enfin, nous appliquons cette méthode au repositionnement de médicaments pour la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA)
Drug repositioning involves finding new therapeutic uses for existing medications that are already approved to treat other conditions. This approach takes advantage of the existing knowledge about these molecules, enabling faster and less costly development compared to creating new drugs. Repositioning is particularly useful for addressing unmet medical needs, such as rare or emerging diseases. In recent years, the development of knowledge graphs has enabled the consolidation of all this biomedical information around drugs, coming from large data sources or knowledge repositories. A knowledge graph is a structured representation of information integrated from different sources, linking these pieces of information together using relationships. This representation is especially useful for understanding the complex relationships that structure knowledge about drugs. Nowadays, it is widely used for the task of drug repositioning. An effective way to reposition drugs using these graphs is to employ artificial intelligence (AI) methods that predict new links between objects in the graph. In this way, a well-trained model can suggest a new connection between a drug and a disease, indicating a potential opportunity for repositioning. However, this methodology has a significant disadvantage : link prediction models often provide opaque results that cannot be easily interpreted by the end users. This thesis proposes to explore the use of explainable AI methods for the purpose of repositioning drugs based on biomedical data represented in knowledge graphs. First, we analyze the impact of pre-training on multihop reasoning models for link prediction. We demonstrate that building representations of the graph entities before model training improves the predictive performance, as well as the quantity and diversity of explanations. Secondly, we examine how the addition of relationships in a knowledge graph affects link prediction results. We show that adding links in three biomedical knowledge graphs improves the predictive performance of the SQUIRE model across different types of relationships related to drug repositioning. An analysis of the impact on model explainability is also conducted, following the addition of these relationships. Finally, we propose a new methodology for the task of link classification in a knowledge graph, based on the use of random forests. Using information about the neighborhood of each node in the graph, we show that a random forest model can accurately predict the existence or absence of a link between two nodes. These results allow for a visualization of the nodes used to make the predictions. Lastly, we apply this method to drug repositioning for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
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Kuenzi, Brent M. "Off-Target Based Drug Repurposing Using Systems Pharmacology." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7689.

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The goal of this study was to identify novel drug repurposing opportunities in cancer by utilizing the off-target profiles of clinically relevant kinase inhibitors. This was based on the observation that the global target profiles of compounds are largely ignored and that many compounds have activity that cannot be explained by their cognate target alone. Additionally, by utilizing clinically relevant compounds, any results would hold a high potential for eventual clinical implementation. We utilized a systems pharmacology approach utilizing cell viability-based drug screening to identify compounds with beneficial off-target activity and then using chemical and phosphoproteomics in order to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these compounds. We found that tivantinib has off-target activity in NSCLC cells through inhibition of GSK3. Based on tivantinib’s ability to inhibit GSK3, we hypothesized that tivantinib would therefore have activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We found that tivantinib had potent activity in AML through inhibition of GSK3. We also identified a highly synergistic combination with ABT-199 by drug synergy screening which was effective in HL60 cells and patient derived AML cells. We also found that the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, ceritinib, had activity across several ALK-negative lung cancer cell lines. We utilized integrated functional proteomics to identify the new targets and network-wide signaling effects. Combining pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference revealed a polypharmacology mechanism involving the noncanonical targets IGF1R, FAK1, RSK1 and RSK2. Mutating the downstream signaling hub YB1 protected cells from ceritinib. Consistent with YB1 signaling being known to cause taxol resistance, combination of ceritinib with paclitaxel displayed strong synergy, particularly in cells expressing high FAK autophosphorylation, which we show to be prevalent in lung cancer. Together, we present a systems chemical biology platform for elucidating multikinase inhibitor mechanisms, synergistic drug combinations, mechanistic biomarker candidates and identifying novel drug repurposing opportunities.
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Kalogera, Eleftheria. "Quinacrine in endometrial cancer| Repurposing an old antimalarial drug." Thesis, College of Medicine - Mayo Clinic, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111530.

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Background and Rationale: Although the majority of patients with endometrial cancer (EC) are diagnosed early when disease is confined in the uterus and prognosis is excellent, there is a subset of patients with dismal prognosis. Carboplatin and paclitaxel is the standard chemotherapeutic regimen for EC. Given that response to chemotherapy impacts disease prognosis, especially in advanced, recurrent and metastatic disease, novel chemotherapeutic agents with improved safety profile are necessary to improve response rates and outcomes in these patients. Quinacrine (QC) is an inexpensive antimalarial drug with a predictable safety profile which recently surfaced as a promising anticancer agent thought to be associated with decreased risk of developing chemo-resistance through targeting multiple pathways simultaneously.

Objective: To generate preclinical data on the effect of QC in inhibiting tumorigenesis in EC both in vitro and in vivo as well as explore its role as an adjunct to standard chemotherapy in vivo in an EC mouse xenograft model.

Methods: Five different EC cell lines (Ishikawa, Hec-1B, KLE, ARK-2, and SPEC-2) representing different histologies, grades of EC, sensitivity to cisplatin and p53 status were used for the in vitro studies. MTT and colony formation assays were used to examine QC’s ability to inhibit cell viability in vitro. Drug combination studies were performed and the Chou-Talalay methodology was employed in order to examine synergism between QC and cisplatin, carboplatin or paclitaxel. A cisplatin-resistant EC subcutaneous mouse xenograft model was used in order to explore QC’s anticancer activity in vivo and assess its role as maintenance therapy.

Results: QC exhibited strong synergism in vitro when combined with cisplatin, carboplatin or paclitaxel with the highest level of the synergism being observed in the most chemo-resistant EC cell line. Neither QC monotherapy nor standard chemotherapy significantly delayed tumor growth in the mouse xenografts. Co-administration of QC with standard chemotherapy significantly augmented the antiproliferative ability of these chemotherapeutic agents as evidenced by the significant decrease in tumor burden. Combination treatment was associated with a 14-week prolongation of median survival compared to standard chemotherapy alone. Maintenance therapy with QC following standard chemotherapy was proven superior to standard chemotherapy as it resulted in long-term stabilization of disease evidenced by lack of significant tumor progression and further prolongation of overall survival. QC treatment alone, in combination with standard chemotherapy or as maintenance therapy was well-tolerated and was not associated with weight loss compared to control mice. A yellow skin discoloration was noted during active treatment with QC which was entirely reversible within a few days upon discontinuation of treatment.

Conclusions: QC exhibited significant antitumor activity against EC cell lines in vitro and was successful as maintenance therapy in chemo-resistant EC mouse xenografts. This preclinical data suggest that QC may be an important adjunct to standard platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimens for patients with recurrent EC.

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Books on the topic "Drugs repurposing"

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Cavalla, David, ed. Drug Repurposing. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839163401.

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Chella, Naveen, Om Prakash Ranjan, and Amit Alexander, eds. Drug Repurposing. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5016-0.

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Rudrapal, Mithun. Drug Repurposing and Computational Drug Discovery. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003347705.

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Vanhaelen, Quentin, ed. Computational Methods for Drug Repurposing. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8955-3.

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Sharma, Rajani, A. V. Senthil Kumar, and Kunal Kumar. Computational Biology in Drug Discovery and Repurposing. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003455424.

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Sobti, Ranbir Chander, Sunil K. Lal, and Ramesh K. Goyal, eds. Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5399-6.

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Chahal, Dr Kavita, ed. Plant-Derived Drugs and Drug Repurposing (Volume - 1). Integrated Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/int.book.73.

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Chahal, Dr Kavita, ed. Plant-Derived Drugs and Drug Repurposing (Volume - 2). Integrated Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/int.book.131.

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Medicine, Institute of, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Steve Olson, Adam C. Berger, and Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health. Drug Repurposing and Repositioning: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press, 2014.

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Olson, Steve, Adam C. Berger, Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health, Sarah H. Beachy, and Samuel G. Johnson. Drug Repurposing and Repositioning: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drugs repurposing"

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Bule, Prajakta, Tejaswini Kolipaka, Shital Ranvare, and Naveen Chella. "Redirection to the Drug Discovery: Antidiabetic Drugs Repurposing in Cancer." In Drug Repurposing, 217–48. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5016-0_11.

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Patil, Ruchira, Harshad Takate, Gaurav Shanbhag, Harshada Kiran Sonawane, Amruta Prabhakar Padakanti, and Naveen Chella. "Clinical Trials on Repurposed Drugs: An Overview." In Drug Repurposing, 173–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5016-0_9.

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Swaminathan, Jyothishmathi, and Vidya Gopalakrishnan. "Repurposing of Drugs for Immunotherapy." In Immunotherapy in Translational Cancer Research, 143–60. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118684535.ch11.

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Sundaram, Dhivya, Hemamalini Vedagiri, Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj, and Premkumar Kumpati. "Repurposing of Drugs in Aging." In Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Brain Ageing, 333–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7269-2_15.

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Dwivedi, Shailendra, Aakanksha Rawat, Amit Ranjan, Ruchika Agrawal, Radhieka Misra, Sunil Kumar Gupta, Surekha Kishore, and Sanjeev Misra. "Drug Repurposing and Novel Antiviral Drugs for COVID-19 Management." In COVID-19, 74–95. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190394-7.

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Nagori, Kushagra, Madhulika Pradhan, Kartik Tularam Nakhate, Amrita Thakur, Hemant Ramchandra Badwaik, Mukesh Kumar Sharma, and Akshada Dubey. "Insights into Computational Repurposing of Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease." In Computational Biology in Drug Discovery and Repurposing, 337–61. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003455424-16.

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Wong, Ka Heng, Chie-Min Lim, Ashley Jia Wen Yip, Isra Ahmad Farouk, Nur Zawanah Zabidi, Zheng Yao Low, and Sunil K. Lal. "Repurposing Drugs for Viruses and Cancer: A Novel Drug Repositioning Strategy for COVID-19." In Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 423–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5399-6_18.

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Bansal, Kushal Kumar, Rajat Goyal, Archana Sharma, Prabodh Chander Sharma, and Ramesh K. Goyal. "Repurposing of Drugs for the Treatment of Microbial Diseases." In Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 347–94. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5399-6_16.

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Francisco, Sarah G., and Sheldon Rowan. "Repurposing Drugs for Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration." In Retinal Degenerative Diseases XIX, 73–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_12.

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Aggarwal, Geeta, Pankaj Musyuni, Bharti Mangla, and Ramesh K. Goyal. "Reverse Translational Approach in Repurposing of Drugs for Anticancer Therapy." In Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 299–328. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5399-6_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drugs repurposing"

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Shivandappa, Sumathra Manokaran, Madhumitha Dhanasekaran, Jyothika Reddy Mandem, Medha R. Rao, and N. S. Manasi. "Targeted Drug Repurposing for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis." In 2024 8th International Conference on Computational System and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions (CSITSS), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/csitss64042.2024.10816991.

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Tanvir, Farhan, Khaled Mohammed Saifuddin, Tanvir Hossain, Arunkumar Bagavathi, and Esra Akbas. "HeTAN: Heterogeneous Graph Triplet Attention Network for Drug Repurposing." In 2024 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA), 1–10. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsaa61799.2024.10722832.

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Klein, Christoph. "Repurposing Drugs – Repurposing Diseases." In RExPO24. REPO4EU, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58647/rexpo.24001.

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Bento, Clara M., Tânia Silva, Luísa Aguiar, Cátia Teixeira, Paula Gomes, Ricardo Ferraz, and Maria Salomé Gomes. "Repurposing conventional antimycobacterial drugs using ionic liquids." In 7th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2021-11535.

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Otero-Carrasco, Belén, Santiago Romero-Brufau, Andrea Álvarez-Pérez, Adrián Ayuso-Muñoz, Lucía Prieto-Santamaría, Juan Pedro Caraça-Valente Hemández, and Alejandro Rodríguez-González. "Orphan Drugs and Rare Diseases: Unveiling Biological Patterns through Drug Repurposing." In 2023 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms58004.2023.00214.

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Jennings, Michael. "Repurposing drugs to treat antimicrobial resistant infectious diseases." In RExPO23. REPO4EU, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58647/rexpo.23019.

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ZareMehrjardi, Fatemeh, Athar Omidi, Cristina Sciortino, Ryan E. R. Reid, Ryan Lukeman, James Alexander Hughes, and Othman Soufan. "Discovering Missing Edges in Drug-Protein Networks: Repurposing Drugs for SARS-CoV-2." In 2021 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibcb49929.2021.9562855.

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Chen, Shipeng, Ana Milena Vizcaino, Yuzhen Gao, Baukje Nynke Hoogenboom, Toos Daemen, and Cesar Oyarce. "1322 Targeting immunosuppressive macrophages and Tregs by repurposing metabolic drugs." In SITC 37th Annual Meeting (SITC 2022) Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-sitc2022.1322.

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Bonnin, Sarah, Dustin Martin, Joel Durand, Yuqian Shi, Tatiana Kikalova, and Aliaksei Holik. "Systematic repurposing of drugs as medical countermeasures to chemical threats." In RExPO23. REPO4EU, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58647/rexpo.23031.

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Onuku, Raphael, Ngozi Nwodo, and Akachukwu Ibezim. "Repurposing Drugs to Find HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: A Virtual Study." In MOL2NET'21, Conference on Molecular, Biomedical & Computational Sciences and Engineering, 7th ed. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-07-12067.

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Reports on the topic "Drugs repurposing"

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Himmelstein, Daniel, Antoine Lizee, Chrissy Hessler, Leo Brueggeman, Sabrina Chen, Dexter Hadley, Ari Green, Pouya Khankhanian, and Sergio Baranzini. Rephetio: Repurposing drugs on a hetnet. ThinkLab, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15363/thinklab.a9.

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Himmelstein, Daniel, Antoine Lizee, Chrissy Hessler, Leo Brueggeman, Sabrina Chen, Dexter Hadley, Ari Green, Pouya Khankhanian, and Sergio Baranzini. Rephetio: Repurposing drugs on a hetnet [project]. ThinkLab, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15363/thinklab.4.

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Himmelstein, Daniel, Antoine Lizee, Chrissy Hessler, Leo Brueggeman, Sabrina Chen, Dexter Hadley, Ari Green, Pouya Khankhanian, and Sergio Baranzini. Rephetio: Repurposing drugs on a hetnet [proposal]. ThinkLab, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15363/thinklab.a5.

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Himmelstein, Daniel, Antoine Lizee, Chrissy Hessler, Leo Brueggeman, Sabrina Chen, Dexter Hadley, Ari Green, Pouya Khankhanian, and Sergio Baranzini. Rephetio: Repurposing drugs on a hetnet [report]. ThinkLab, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15363/thinklab.a7.

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Mucke, Hermann. D6.5 Generic guideline for conducting an extended FtO analysis and FtO analyses for all intended clinical trials. REPO4EU, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58647/repo4eu.202300d6.5.

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This document provides the generic methodology and specific resource access points to conduct a freedom-to-operate (FtO) analysis tailored to the needs of a drug repurposing project. It has been compiled based on the extensive experience the author has accumulated with many projects of this type. Its most valuable feature is that it can be executed with minimal technical resources (only web access is required) and can be conducted internally up to the point where potentially critical findings (if any) are discussed with a patent attorney. When conducted properly this method actually improves the relevance of the analysis because no patent attorney can be expected to be fully familiar with all scientific aspects of a repurposing project. Despite its simplicity it integrates easily into the REPO4EU drug repurposing platform as a module that draws mostly on internal resources, and involves minimal expenses. While patent searches form the dominant motive, we also discuss how suitable suppliers can be recruited, an issue that is particularly important when the active ingredient is reformulated (as mostly will be the case).
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Chakraborty, Payel, and Tamilvanan Shunmugaperumal. Simvastatin repurposing towards endometriosis management: The use of self -nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Peeref, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2304p6131285.

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Dawson, Stephanie. D11.6 REPO4EU Open Science Strategy. REPO4EU, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58647/repo4eu.202300d11.6.

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To ensure the widest possible dissemination of the results to the research community, pharmaceutical industry, patients and to the broader public, the REPO4EU project, in line with goals of the European Commission, is committed to an Open Science approach. Because Open Science can be interpreted widely this document lays out the strategy of the project with regard to Open Access publishing, alternative metrics, Intellectual Property and FAIR data. The Open Science Strategy forms the theoretical framework for the REPO4EU Open Science publishing portal that will develop into an open hub of research results and communication for the entire drug repurposing community.
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