Academic literature on the topic 'Drugs Marketing Moral and ethical aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Drugs Marketing Moral and ethical aspects"
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Rasheed, Rukhsana, Mazhar Nadeem Ishaq, and Hafeez ur Rehman. "Artificial Intelligence in Corporate Business and Financial Management: A Performance Analysis from Pakistan." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 933–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i4.200.
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This paper attempts to explore many signs of progress enabled by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial and corporate business management. It also amid to identify the benefits and cons of AI applications in social life. A systematic content analysis approach has been used to demonstrate the developmental phases of AI. Four distinct organizational maturity clusters i.e. Pioneers, Investigators, Experimenters, and Passives have been developed on basis of dataset. Data collections was carried through emails, customizable chatbots, live chat softwares and automated helpers of top ten online companies and various banking and financial institutions located in Lahore and Karachi cities for making behavioral analysis. The data results revealed that all aspects of financial managements and corporate business activities have been highly influenced by the application of AI. The study demonstrated that 80% senior business executives were of view that AI boost productivity and creates new business avenues. The results also demonstrated that 88% Pioneer organizations have understand and adopted AI techniques according to organization requirements, 82% Investigator organizations are not using it beyond the pilot stage whereas 24% Experimental organizations were adopting AI without understanding it. These results seem to reflect that AI has profound effects on financial industry to streamline its credit decisions from quantitative trading to financial risk management and fraud detection. This study also discovered that the widespread use of AI have raised a number of ethical, moral and legal challenges that are yet to be addressed. Although AI is gaining popularity day by day and it is believed that AI will improve work performance beyond human standards but it could not replace human resources fully.
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Ghaffar, Bilal, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bowra, Kanza Naeem, and Yasin Muneer. "Investigating the Antecedents of Whistleblowing." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i3.168.
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Prevalence of corporate frauds is critical, therefore, it is very important to detect and institutionalize the black sheep’s in the organization which are involved in misconduct and must be brought to the light via whistleblowing. Ethical leadership equitably influence ethical climate, which in turn will favorably encourages employees in whistleblowing. This study is intended to examine and overcome the research gap based on the mediating aspect of psychological stress and moral attentiveness in association of ethical leadership, ethics oriented climate on whistleblowing. Twelve hypotheses were developed to examine the conceptual framework of the study. A self-administered questionnaire was devised to acquire cross sectional information from 425 employees from the banks in Gujranwala division, Punjab, Pakistan via convenient sampling. Results showed that in the presence of ethical leadership and ethics oriented environment in an organization’ the psychological stress of employees decreases and moral attentiveness of the employees increases and ultimately have the positive impact on whistleblowing. Hence, this research is one of the few cross-sectional researches that examining the mediation mechanism of psychological stress and moral attentiveness in the banking sector of Pakistan.
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Krajnovic, Dusanka. "Ethical and social aspects on rare diseases." Filozofija i drustvo 23, no. 4 (2012): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1204032k.
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Rare diseases are a heterogenic group of disorders with a little in common except of their rarity affecting by less than 5 : 10.000 people. In the world is registered about 6000-8000 rare diseases with 6-8% suffering population only in the European Union. In spite of rarity, they represent an important medical and social problem due to their incidence. For many rare diseases have no treatment, but if it exists and if started on time as being available to patients, there is a good prognosis for them to be able for normal life. The problems of patients affected by rare diseases are related to the lack of diagnosis and timely undergoing as well as their treatment or prevention. Orphan drugs are products intended for treatment, diagnosis or prevention of rare diseases, but for their development and marketing the industry has not been interested in yet because of their marketing reasons. Patients suffering from a rare disease although belonging to the vulnerable group for their specific health needs, is becoming invisible in the health care system due to their additional needs un properly recognized. Ethical problems faced by patients, but also health care professionals are related to the allocation of medical diagnostics, unequal approach to health care, inappropriately specialized social services as well as therapy and rare orphan drugs unavailability. Ethical questions related to clinical trails on orphan drugs, population screening and epidemiology testing on rare diseases will also be discussed in this paper.
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Epanomeritakis, Ilias Ektor. "Moral ambivalence towards the Cancer Drugs Fund." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 9 (July 16, 2019): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105416.
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The UK’s Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) was introduced in 2010 following the Conservative Party’s promise to address the fact that numerous efficacious cancer drugs were not available because of their cost ineffectiveness, as deduced by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. While, at face value, this policy appears only to promote the UK’s public welfare, a deeper analysis reveals the ethically unjustifiable inconsistencies that the CDF introduces; where is the analogous fund for other equally severe diseases? Have the patients without cancer been neglected simply due to the fear-inducing advertising and particularly ferocious speech which surrounds cancer? The CDF is unjustifiable when challenged by such questions. However, it is troubling to think that the CDF might be repealed in order to abolish these ethical concerns. Intuitively, one feels uncomfortable stripping the cancer patient of their benefits just so that they might be on an equally pessimistic footing with others. In the present essay, I argue that, although there are no ethically justifiable grounds for the CDF’s introduction, its removal would be inappropriate. Following this realisation, I investigate whether the procedural steps of the CDF itself—theoretically removed from the context of resource distribution for all disease types—represent an ethically justifiable system. I believe that the answer is yes, given the CDF’s conformity to accountability for reasonableness, a robust framework of procedural justice, which continuously improves the ethical and epistemological standards of the policies to which it is applied.
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Chaminda, J. W. Dushan, and Nilanthi Ratnayake. "Broadening the Scope of Ethical Consumer Behaviour." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2013070104.
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Consumption is an essential everyday process. By very nature, it is a means of expressing our moral identities and an outlet for ethical obligations. In more recent years, ethical aspects of consumption have come under greater scrutiny with the emergence of ethical consumption discourses, and are currently associated with a range of consumer behaviours and responsible business practices. To this end, religion is an undeniably powerful and concurrently the most successful marketing force that can shape the ethical behaviour, yet under-investigated in consumption practices despite Corporate Socially Responsibility provoked ethical behaviour. Ethical consumption practices are regularly characterised as consumption activities that avoid harm to other people, animals or the environment where basic Buddhist teachings become more pertinent and practiced in Buddhist communities. This study conceptualises the importance of religious beliefs in ethical consumer behaviour and through researcher introspection methodology, the study empirically explore whether and how ethical consumerism is reflected through Five Precepts of Buddhism [i.e. (1) abstain from taking life, (2) abstain from stealing, (3) abstain from sexual misconduct, (4) abstain from false speech, and (5) abstain from intoxicants that cloud the mind]. The study contributes to the theory and teaching in the marketing discipline by linking how religious beliefs enhance ethical consumerism that remains largely unexplored.
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AKIN, Selami Mahmut, and Nihal SÜTÜTEMİZ. "NÖROPAZARLAMA ve UYGULAYICILARIN PERSPEKTİFİYLE ETİK YÖNÜ." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v2i1.48.
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Neuromarketing which emerged in recent years assumes that brain contains information that hidden personal preferences and has a relationship between brain activity and verbal preferences. Based on that relationship, neuromarketing utilize the various techniques used in medicine to figure out consumers and create consumer marketing strategies. The techniques utilized in neuromarketing causes moral concerns about gain commercial purposes of the data obtained from consumers. In this context, the purpose of this study is examine neuromarketing and discuss it’s ethical aspects through practitioner’s perpective. For this purpose, the field of research constitute marketing research companies that apply neuromarketing techniques which located in Istanbul. Of the aforementioned companies, since Thinkneuro and Affectspots agreed to participate in this research, were determined as the sample of the study. The data obtained by interview with the managers of the two companies and descriptive analysis result has been observed that different approaches. As a result of research, the statements of companies has overlapped with literature. The assessments of companies’ about ethical aspects of neuromarketing discussed according to teleological and deontological approach of ethics.
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Reast, Jon, Dayananda Palihawadana, and Haseeb Shabbir. "The Ethical Aspects of Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in the United Kingdom: Physician versus Consumer Views." Journal of Advertising Research 48, no. 3 (September 2008): 450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/s0021849908080458.
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Шекелета, Владислав, Vladislav Shekeleta, Ирина Дмитриева, Irina Dmitrieva, Наталья Кустова, and Natalya Kustova. "Business reputation of organisation in the context of the notion “social responsibility”: moral and ethical dimensions of management." Servis Plus 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14570.
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The article is devoted to ethical aspects of reputation management. The authors, bringing together different
research methodology such as categorical and phenomenological analysis, examine the moral categories associated
with the concept of reputation. Therefore, the concept of “image”, “goodwill” reveals its importance
in the context of the ethical categories and moral manifestations of consciousness, such as authority, social
responsibility, honesty, integrity, respect for the interests of another. In the future human dimensions of management,
such as corporate ethics, corporate culture, as well as the position subjectivist approach to research
of the image of the organization is ethical-oriented concept of reputation management. The author defends the
position according to which it’s necessary to examine social entrepreneurship in all its dimensions, which is
designed to assess the activity of the enterprise by connecting scientists, as well as components of civil society,
from the perspective of human values – moral and ethical categories. In this understanding, social expertise
acts as “ethical expertise”. In conjunction with the notion and phenomenon of corporate ethics there are generalizations
in the context of General ethical categories. The authors show that corporate ethics is the basis, the
Foundation for formation of business reputation, corporate image and other ethical components of corporate
reputation. In connection with the concept of ethically-oriented management protected in the article there are
the prospects for use of this methodological approach for its application not only to build a successful business
reputation of the organization, but also in the process of creating a brand, developing a content marketing
strategy.
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Graham Spickett‐Jones, J., Philip J. Kitchen, and Jon D. Reast. "Social facts and ethical hardware: Ethics in the value proposition." Journal of Communication Management 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2003): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13632540410807556.
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Providing a framework for integrating aspects of externally directed corporate and marketing communication efforts, this paper makes a case for the communication of positive and credible ethical values as a potentially critical component in communications strategy and sustainable competitive advantage. Using an uncertainty‐reduction model adapted from the diffusion literature, it is suggested that appropriately communicated moral and ethical values can have a role in underpinning an organisation’s reputation and “trusted capacities”, thereby heightening confidence in likely future actions, offering a predictive mechanism for lowering uncertainty in market transactions, and facilitating a potential to trade by offering a rationale for an organisation’s secure market position. Underpinned by ethical principles, the paper proposes implications for the role of “reputation for trustworthiness” and its symbolic evocation. It is argued that a reputation can become accepted as a social “fact”, able to endure critical interrogation in its social environment.
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Kassirer, Jerome P. "Review of Leonard J. Weber, Profits Before People? Ethical Standards and the Marketing of Prescription Drugs.1." American Journal of Bioethics 7, no. 3 (March 20, 2007): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160601171945.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Drugs Marketing Moral and ethical aspects"
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Knoesen, Brent Claud. "Influence of pharmaceutical advertising on consumers: an exploratory descriptive study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/658.
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Pharmaceutical advertising involves the advertising of medicines, medical devices, and healthcare services. A review of available international literature indicates the belief that pharmaceutical advertisements negatively affect healthcare decisions made by consumers. Very little research has been conducted to determine how consumers in South Africa (SA) are affected by pharmaceutical advertisements. This study aimed to determine how consumers in the Nelson Mandela Metropole (NMM) perceive pharmaceutical advertisements. More specific objectives included the investigation of legislation in SA employed in pharmaceutical advertisements, the interpretation and misinterpretation of the advertisements, and the identification of problematic areas in this form of advertising. South African legislation applied to pharmaceutical advertisements was investigated by means of a literature review. A qualitative research design was also used to achieve the aim and objectives. This included a focus group consisting of six randomly selected participants in the NMM. A consumer survey, consisting of a 100 consumers obtained from 10 randomly selected community pharmacies within the NMM, supported the findings of the qualitative techniques. The themes identified in the focus group were incorporated into a questionnaire used in the consumer survey. Three randomly selected pharmaceutical advertisements were also decoded to interpret the components employed in each. The results determined that pharmaceutical advertising is a marketing tool that incorporates various emotional and psychological techniques to persuade consumers. It was also evident that consumers can misinterpret pharmaceutical advertisements. Various legal and ethical problems were identified in pharmaceutical advertisements. These results showed that pharmaceutical advertisements have the possibility of negatively affecting consumers’ healthcare decisions and warrants further investigation.
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de, Andrade Marisa. "Pharmaffiliation : a model of intra-elite communication in pharmaceutical regulation." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/6500.
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In 2005, the House of Commons (HoC) Health Committee produced a report on The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry – the first of its kind since 1914. The inquiry concluded that there were ‘over-riding concerns about the volume, extent and intensity of the industry’s influence, not only on clinical medicine and research but also on patients, regulators, the media, civil servants and politicians’, and stressed the need ‘to examine critically the industry’s impact on health to guard against excessive and damaging dependencies’ (HoC 2005, p. 97). It also noted that it is important to comprehensively analyse pharmaceutical regulation in order to ascertain whether there are systemic problems: In some circumstances, one particular item of influence may be of relatively little importance. Only when it is viewed as part of a larger package of influences is the true effect of the company’s activity recognised and the potential for distortion seen. The possibility that certain components of any such campaign are covert and their source undeclared is particularly worrying. (HoC 2005, p. 97) This study addresses this recommendation and was primarily conducted to examine whether recognised concerns are merely ad hoc or as a result of systemic flaws in the current system of pharmaceutical regulation. The work addresses a gap in the academic literature by drawing on the fragmented criticisms of the pharmaceutical industry in order to produce a model to illustrate how various stakeholders collaborate with drug companies to promote licensed products, and to explore the nature of the relationships between these elite stakeholders. The thesis begins with a literature review which determines who is involved in pharmaceutical regulation; how the regulatory system works; and explores the key role of communication in this process (Chapters 1 to 3). The recurrent theme is the neglect or exclusion of the patient/consumer, which leads to the development a model of intra-elite communication in drug regulation called Pharmaffiliation (Chapter 3). The thesis then looks for evidence to support or refute this model, using multiple methods (Chapter 4). Four case studies (with specific selection criteria) are chosen to test the model’s constructs and indicators (Chapters 5 to 8). The research uncovers systemic problems in the current system of pharmaceutical regulation which can ultimately harm the patient/consumer, and the implications of these findings are discussed (Chapter 9). Solutions on a micro-level include consumer involvement in decision making processes, which can be enhanced through public education and awareness campaigns and the instigation of public inquiries whenever drugs are withdrawn from the market (HoC 2005, p. 105). On a macro-level, however, this will involve critically exploring neoliberal capitalism and the empowerment of the citizenry (Street 2001).
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Boltman, Tamarah. "Consumers’ perception of generic drugs in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14664.
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Medicines play a pivotal role in the process of human development as their rational utilization can decrease morbidity and mortality as well as improve quality of life (Jamshed, Hassali, Ibrahim, Shafie, & Babar, 2010). Access to therapeutic drugs form an integral part of any successful healthcare system. The high cost of medicines, is a barrier to accessibility and improved health to the majority of the South African population (Bangalee, 2015). In developing countries with limited healthcare budgets, such as South Africa, generic drugs (medicines) can be a cost-saving treatment alternative, resulting in medical expenditure being reduced and access to scarce resources increased (Van der Westhuizen, Burger, Lubbe, Serfontein, 2010). There is very little knowledge on perception and attitude of South African citizens with regard to use of generic drugs (Bangalee, 2015). Consumer perception can have a large impact on the choice of medicines or drugs chosen. The study intended to find out what the current consumer beliefs, attitudes, behaviours and knowledge of generic drugs are. There was also intent to establish if lack of awareness or misconception about generic drugs influence consumer choice. The study consists of a literature review of the definition of generic drugs and original or branded drugs, their influence in the public and private health sector, factors that influence consumer behaviour, brand effect, brand trust, brand loyalty, and most importantly the South Africa acceptance of generic drugs. Primary data was collected, reported and analysed through the use of a questionnaire to determine the current consumers’ belief, attitude, behaviour and knowledge of generic drugs. The study results reveal that scepticism does exists, yet there was clear acceptance, but still lack of confidence in generic drugs. Consumer education and information is the key to increased generic drug acceptance.
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Sethna, Zubin. "Entrepreneurial marketing and the Zarathustrian entrepreneur : thoughts, words and deeds." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20430.
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This PhD thesis examines the factors that have shaped entrepreneurial cognition and practice in entrepreneurs from within the world’s oldest monotheistic religious community; the Zarathustrian community. Zarathustrianism is the religion that was founded by a Prophet named Zarathustra in approximately 1200 BCE. Marketing and Entrepreneurship have, until quite recently, remained two quite independent scholarly domains. In 2002, Morris et al., provided a definition of Entrepreneurial Marketing as, "an integrative construct for conceptualising marketing in an era of change, complexity, chaos, contradiction, and diminishing resources, and one that will manifest itself differently as companies age and grow. It fuses key aspects of recent developments in marketing thought and practice with those in the entrepreneurship area into one comprehensive construct". Since then, research in this field has grown in significance across the globe. A recent book by Sethna, Jones and Harrigan (2013) presents important theoretical developments with regard to research at the Marketing and Entrepreneurship Interface and which addresses critical issues for businesses, both small and large, from global perspectives, and covers topics such as new venture creation, marketing in Small-to-Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) as well as large companies, renewal of existing businesses facing market challenges, internationalization, innovative cost-effective marketing strategies and practices, along with recent exploration of entrepreneurship theory and entrepreneurial behaviour of individuals and, in organisations. Zarathustrianism has not only been instrumental in shaping nascent civilisation of ancient Iran, but has also wielded a considerable influence on Biblical religions and Greaco-Roman philosophical thought. Zarathustra gave his followers a basic and comprehensive ethical rule to live by, namely that they should think Good Thoughts, speak Good Words and perform Good Deeds (Humata, Hukhta, Hvarshta in the ancient Persian language called Avestan). This PhD thesis explores the impact of these basic tenets – Good Words, Good Thoughts and Good Deeds - on Zarathustrian entrepreneurship. The researcher takes the stance that the realities of the Entrepreneur/Owner-Manager (EOM) are socially constructed, using ‘thoughts, words and deeds’, rather than objectively determined. In doing so, this research is interested in understanding why things are happening to those Zarathustrian EOMs (actors) and how their different experiences eventually shape, nurture and affect the actors’ entrepreneurial behaviour. Thus, throughout this research study, a qualitative research design based on the Carson et al. (2005) perspectives on an ‘integrative multiple mix of methodologies’ is used, but primarily all centred around ethnographic form. The use of narrative theory and life story techniques is further overlaid with the use of the EMICO framework, a qualitative research model developed by Jones and Rowley (2009) as the basis for exploring ‘entrepreneurial marketing and the Zarathustrian entrepreneur’. The findings reveal that whilst the dimensions of the EMICO framework are both usable and valid for Zarathustrian entrepreneurs, when applied to these firms in the context of ‘ethnic’ entrepreneurs, the framework is lacking in two particular areas; Family Support and Religio-Cultural Identity and Influences of business practice. The thesis makes a significant contribution to the EM and ethnic entrepreneurship literature by first of all re-developing and re-naming the framework, 2e(EMICO), and secondly by further extending the knowledge in respect to Zarathustrian entrepreneurship, about which nothing currently exists in the EM literature.
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Chau, Long Fung Lewis. "Corporate entrepreneurship and ethical decision-making behavior of marketing managers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/134.
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Zarkada-Fraser, Anna. "Tendering ethics : a study of collusive tendering from a marketing perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36050/7/36050_Digitised_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis provides a behavioural perspective to the problem of collusive
tendering in the construction market by examining the decision making
factors of individuals potentially involved in such agreements using
marketing ethics theory and techniques.
The findings of a cross disciplinary literature review were synthesised into
a model of factors theoretically expected to determine the individual's
behavioural intent towards a set of collusive tendering agreements and
the means of reaching them. The factors were grouped as internal
cognitive (the individuals' value systems) and affective (demographic and
psychographic characteristics) as well as external environmental (legal,
industrial and organisational codes and norms) and situational (company,
market and economic conditions). The model was tested using empirical
data collected through a questionnaire survey of estimators employed in
the largest Australian construction firms.
All forms of explicit collusive tendering agreements were considered as
having a prohibitive moral content by the majority of respondents who also
clearly differentiated between agreements and discussions of contract
terms (which they found to be a moral concern but not prohibitive) or of
prices.
The comparisons between those of the respondents that would never
participate in a collusive agreement and the potential offenders clearly
showed two distinctly different groups. The law abiding estimators are less
reliant on situational factors, happier and more comfortable in their work
environments and they live according to personal value and belief
systems. The potential offenders on the other hand are mistrustful of
colleagues, feel their values are not respected, put company priorities
above principles and none of them is religious or a member of a
professional body.
The research results indicate that Australian estimators are, overall law
abiding and principled and accept the existing codification of collusion as
morally defensible and binding. Professional bodies' and organisational
codes of conduct as well as personal value and belief systems that guide
one's own conduct appear to be deterrents to collusive tendering intent
and so are moral comfort and work satisfaction. These observations are
potential indicators of areas where intervention and behaviour modification
can increase individuals' resistance to collusion.
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Loff, Beatrice. "Health and human rights : case studies in the potential contribution of a human rights framework to the analysis of health questions." Monash University, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5291.
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King, Philip Albert. "How to utilise marketing opportunities in a highly regulated environment : the veterinary industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/935.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The veterinary industry is operating in a highly regulated environment. Up till now these regulations prevented veterinarians to freely market veterinary services, especially professional services. Every business person in the biggest part of the world is subject to free-market economic pressures. However in the case of the professional, who is also a business person, these economic market-pressures could become very intense and unbalanced, and lead to what is called the “professional dilemma” (Du Preez, 2003: 8). Professional persons are governed by their respective codes of conduct. Those professionals who practice as entrepreneurs therefore need to be more business skilled and creative to successfully manage their businesses as they do not have the luxury of utilising the normal business strategies and options. The state of professionalism within the veterinary profession in South Africa in terms of entrepreneurship has been addressed in the past, but there is still a major gap in terms of providing business tools to managers in the veterinary industry. The biggest challenge in terms of the general business functions faced by veterinarians is the marketing function, thus the reason for this study. It is necessary that the highly regulated environments of professionals being understood. Therefore the research has been conducted by highlighting these environments. The researcher then continues to analyse the internal and external environment, client needs and customer profile in order to identify ways of optimising marketing opportunities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veeartseny industrie word bedryf in ‘n hoogs gereguleerde omgewing. Hierdie regulasies het veeartse tot nou toe verhoed om dienste, veral professionele dienste, vrylik te bemark. Besigheidspersone regoor die wêreld verkeer onder vryemark ekonomiese druk. In die geval van die professionele persoon, wat ook ‘n besigheidspersoon is, kan die ekonomiese druk baie intens en ongebalansseerd word. Daar word verwys na die “professionele dilemma” (Du Preez, 2003: 8). Professionele persone word gereguleer deur hul onderskeie kodes. Daardie professionele persone wat praktiseer as entrepreneurs moet dus oor meer besigheids- en kreatiewe vaardighede beskik om hul besigheid suksesvol te bestuur. Hulle het nie die luuksheid om die algemene strategiee te benut nie. Die stand van professionalisme in die veeartsenyprofessie in Suid- Afrika in terme van entrepeneurskap is al voorheen aangespreek, maar daar is nog steeds gapings ten opsigte van die beskikbaarstelling van besigheidsvaardighede aan bestuurders in die bedryf. Die grootste uitdaging in terme van besigheidsfunksies wat veeartse in die gesig staar, is die bemarkingsfunksie. Dit is dus die rede vir hierdie studieprojek. Dit is belangrik dat die hoogs gereguleerde omgewing van professionele persone verstaan word. Die studie begin dus deur hierdie verskillende omgewings te skets. Die studie skenk verder aandag aan die ontleding van die interne en eksterne omgewings, klientebehoeftes en –profiel om maniere te vind om bemarkingsgeleenthede binne regulasies ten volle te kan benut.
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Thorburn, Robert H. (Robert Henry). "Towards the new company : proactive corporate ethics in a globalised business environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50202.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The corporation is fast becoming, or may already have become, the prevalent structure in human society. As such, its successes and failures impact heavily on society as a whole. This study will endeavour to examine past shortfalls in corporate thinking and practice, explaining much of this by referring to lag between societal and corporate change in their respective responses to globalisation. It is furthermore argued that this change is still far from complete( d), if indeed it ever will be complete( d) with a fixed end. This global change, has to a large extent, caught corporations off guard, with their old management styles no longer providing results - with civil resistance to corporate activity resulting in some instances. The central aim of this study is to not only understand this situation, but also to explore potential remedies. In so doing two unique ideal states, namely the old and the new company, will be developed. With the old company representing corporate structure and thinking that no longer functions effectively. The new company, on the other hand, is not a present state but a future one. Thus it is the destination of the societal and corporate changes examined within this thesis. Consequently, the main subject examined will be a move away from the old company. Finally, it will be shown that dealing with problems within the corporate context no longer requires the heavy hand of yesteryear. Instead, a proactive approach should be adopted, both for financial and ethical reasons.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit kan geargumenteer word dat korporasies binnekort die dominante struktuur in menslike organisasie kan wees, indien dit nie reeds die geval is nie. As sulks, het die suksesse en mislukkings van die korporasie 'n merkbare impak op die menslike samelewing. Gevolglik beoog hierdie studie om voormalige tekortkominge in korporatiewe denke en praktyk te ondersoek en te verduidelik, grotendeels met verwysing na die verskil in tempo waarmee beide die samelewing en korporasies reageer op die nuwe uitdagings wat gepaardgaan met globalisering. Dit word verder geargumenteer, dat hierdie proses van verandering geen voorspelbare einde het in die klassieke sin nie. Juis daarom het die voortdurende verandering oudmodiese bestuurstyle en tegnieke onkant betrap, met nagevolge wat strek tot by burgerlike verset. Sentraal aan die ondersoek van hierdie situasie is nie net die intensie om dit te verstaan nie, maar ook die soeke na strategieë om dit reg te stel. Om die onderneming te fasiliteer word twee ideaal state, naamlik die ou en die nuwe maatskappy ontwikkel. Die ou maatskappy verteenwoordig uitgediende strategieë en bestuurspraktyke, terwyl die nuwe maatskappy 'n toekomstige staat is en dus nog nie gerealiseer is nie. Die fokus is dus op die beweging van die ou na die nuwe maatskappy. Laastens sal dit ook aangetoon word dat uiters outoritêre bestuurstyle en strategieë nie meer van pas, of suksesvol is in die hantering van korporatiewe probleme nie. Alternatiewelik word 'n proaktiewe benadering, op beide etiese en finansiële gronde, aanbeveel.
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McDermott, Vanessa. "Conceptualising legitimacy, moral panics and performance enhancing drugs : Crisis? Whose crisis?" Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150782.
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In the debate surrounding performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) in sport, academic investigation has focused mainly on why some individual athletes use PEDs while other actors refrain from doing so. In this thesis I adopt a broader social perspective and argue that the debate can be usefully reframed by considering how sports governing bodies (SGBs) maintain legitimacy and moral authority over their sporting communities. This highlights how various drug-related controversies and reports are associated with a crisis of legitimacy for SGBs.
The thesis adopts a social constructionist perspective, using a modified'moral panic' framework based on the work of Goode and Ben-Yehuda. Situating legitimacy within this moral panic model reveals the'multifaceted' nature of legitimacy and the way doping debate reflects the interests of elite SGBs. At the same time, elite SGBs affected by the debate can use the media to resist other elite SGBs and impose their own interpretation of reality upon the situation. Using a grounded theoretical model, I examine whether the anti-doping debate is an example of a 'moral panic,' involving PED-using 'folk devils.'
In the first part of this thesis I present a socio-historical examination of anti-doping policies and interactions between the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the Australian Football League (AFL). Multiple methods were used, including a review of media coverage, an online survey and follow-up interview with sporting participants. This multi-layered approach revealed how the creation of PED-using 'folk devils' challenges SGBs legitimacy, while also providing opportunities to restore perceptions of legitimacy. A quantitative e-Survey and follow-up interviews revealed that grassroots sporting participants in Australia accepted there was a crisis of legitimacy for SGBs, even if the perceived causes of this crisis varied. Using this multi-dimensional approach, I conclude that the debate surrounding PEDs provides an example of a moral panic engineered by elite SGBs, and particularly WADA, based on a concern with maintaining the moral authority and legitimacy to control the ever-widening global sporting community.
Books on the topic "Drugs Marketing Moral and ethical aspects"
1
World Health Assembly (41st : 1988 : Geneva, Switzerland), ed. Ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1988.
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2
Profits before people?: Ethical standards and the marketing of prescription drugs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.
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3
Deadly monopolies: The shocking corporate takeover of life itself, and the consequences for your health and our medical future. New York: Doubleday, 2011.
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4
Propaganda de medicamentos: Atentado à saúde? São Paulo: Editora Hucitec, 1995.
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5
Blaming the brain: The truth about drugs and mental health. New York: Free Press, 1998.
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Jain, Shaili. Understanding physician-pharmaceutical industry interaction. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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7
A, Santoro Michael, and Gorrie Thomas M, eds. Ethics and the pharmaceutical industry. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Barber, Charles. Comfortably numb: How psychiatry medicated a nation. New York: Pantheon Books, 2008.
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Barber, Charles. Comfortably Numb. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2008.
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10
1948-, Murphy Patrick E., ed. Ethical marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Drugs Marketing Moral and ethical aspects"
1
Chaminda, J. W. Dushan, and Nilanthi Ratnayake. "Broadening the Scope of Ethical Consumer Behaviour." In Human Rights and Ethics, 1887–900. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6433-3.ch104.
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Consumption is an essential everyday process. By very nature, it is a means of expressing our moral identities and an outlet for ethical obligations. In more recent years, ethical aspects of consumption have come under greater scrutiny with the emergence of ethical consumption discourses, and are currently associated with a range of consumer behaviours and responsible business practices. To this end, religion is an undeniably powerful and concurrently the most successful marketing force that can shape the ethical behaviour, yet under-investigated in consumption practices despite Corporate Socially Responsibility provoked ethical behaviour. Ethical consumption practices are regularly characterised as consumption activities that avoid harm to other people, animals or the environment where basic Buddhist teachings become more pertinent and practiced in Buddhist communities. This study conceptualises the importance of religious beliefs in ethical consumer behaviour and through researcher introspection methodology, the study empirically explore whether and how ethical consumerism is reflected through Five Precepts of Buddhism [i.e. (1) abstain from taking life, (2) abstain from stealing, (3) abstain from sexual misconduct, (4) abstain from false speech, and (5) abstain from intoxicants that cloud the mind]. The study contributes to the theory and teaching in the marketing discipline by linking how religious beliefs enhance ethical consumerism that remains largely unexplored.
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Ratnayake, Nilanthi, and Dushan Chaminda Jayawickrama. "Manifestation of Ethical Consumption Behaviour through Five Precepts of Buddhism." In Technological Solutions for Sustainable Business Practice in Asia, 83–104. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8462-1.ch005.
Full textAbstract:
Consumption is an essential everyday process. By very nature, it is a means of expressing our moral identities and an outlet for ethical obligations. In more recent years, ethical aspects of consumption have come under greater scrutiny with the emergence of ethical consumption discourses, and are currently associated with a range of consumer behaviours and responsible business practices. To this end, religion is considered an undeniably powerful and concurrently the most successful marketing force that can shape the ethical behaviour, yet under-investigated in consumption practices despite the Corporate Socially Responsibility provoked ethical behaviour. Ethical consumption practices are regularly characterised as consumption activities that avoid harm to other people, animals or the environment where basic Buddhist teachings become more pertinent and practiced in Buddhist communities. This Chapter aims to conceptualise the importance of religious beliefs in ethical consumer behaviour and present the findings of a study that explored whether and how ethical consumerism is reflected through Five Precepts of Buddhism [i.e. (1) abstain from taking life, (2) abstain from stealing, (3) abstain from sexual misconduct, (4) abstain from false speech, and (5) abstain from intoxicants that cloud the mind]. The content of the Chapter contributes to the theory and teaching in the marketing discipline by linking how religious beliefs enhance ethical consumerism that remains largely unexplored.
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Carvalho, Fatima Lampreia, Manuela Guerreiro, and Nelson Matos. "Overtourism." In Handbook of Research on the Impacts, Challenges, and Policy Responses to Overtourism, 12–36. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2224-0.ch002.
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This chapter conceptualises the notion of overtourism by providing a systematic literature review mapping the existing research knowledge. The mapping exercise benefits from textual data from academic articles on overtourism. The study focuses on measures to counteract overtourism from a marketing perspective. Since tourism is about customers' experiences, understanding overtourism and its aspects is crucial at a time the market growth calls for measures to control this phenomenon. Using online databases and NVIVO 12 software, 66 articles were selected for bibliographic content analysis. Findings highlight the need to work the concept of overtourism in a holistic approach encompassing five dimensions: social, political & governance, marketing & customer experience, economic, and environmental. Results permitted to identify other dimensions; overtourism, symbolic, ethical-moral, cultural. Managing overtourism is challenging because whereas tourism is about customers' experiences, for policy makers overtourism encompasses strategies with collective effects.