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Journal articles on the topic 'Drug users'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

Puwar, Dr Bhavna, Dr Vaibhavi Patel, and Dr Sheetal Vyas. "Injection Drug Users (Idus) and their Drug Injecting Behavior." Global Journal For Research Analysis 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2012): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/january2013/23.

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2

Targino, Raquel. "Quality of Life of Drug Users." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 8, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/163.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the quality of life of drug users hospitalized for treatment through the SF-36. We executed a quantitative-descriptive and cross-sectional research. A total of 52 patients (47 men and 5 women) participated in this study. Our results showed low scores on the physical (M=60), (DP=17,23) and mental (M=49), (DP=17,63) concepts in the first application; however, they showed significant improvements in the second application (M=88.6), (DP=10,85) and (M=82.2), (DP=16,72), respectively. The physical functioning (M=69), (DP=18,05) and vitality (M=58.8), (DP=20,04) concept were highlighted with low initial scores. Nevertheless, significant statistical differences were observed at the end of the treatment: (M=95.3), (DP=9,54) and (M=86.8), (DP=13,58), respectively. We concluded that the therapeutic interventions conducted by the multidisciplinary team from the institution contributed to improving these patients’ quality of life perception, as well as cooperated to increase adherence to treatment.

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3

Ongmu Lasopa, Sonam, Krishna Vaddiparti, Catherine Woodstock Striley, and Linda Cottler. "Life chaos among drug users and non-drug users." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 171 (February 2017): e115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.321.

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4

Preston, Andrew. "Abusing drug users." Nursing Standard 6, no. 16 (January 8, 1992): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.6.16.55.s62.

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5

Hart, G. "Drug users—epidemiology." AIDS Care 2, no. 4 (December 1990): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129008257761.

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6

McCarthy, Kerry. "Employing Drug Users." Probation Journal 49, no. 3 (September 2002): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455050204900310.

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7

Peters, Andy D., Margaret M. Reid, and Shay G. Griffin. "Edinburgh drug users." AIDS 8, no. 4 (April 1994): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199404000-00016.

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8

Bath, G. E., N. Dominy, S. M. Burns, A. Peters, A. G. Davies, and A. M. Richardson. "Injecting drug users in Edinburgh. Fewer drug users share needles." BMJ 306, no. 6889 (May 22, 1993): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6889.1414-a.

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9

Paterson, Andrew D., and Richard Hammersley. "The attitudes of heroin users and matched non-users to drugs and drug users." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 28, no. 3 (October 1991): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(91)90062-4.

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10

Criscione, Jaynie X., Ellie Randolph, Rithvic Jupudi, Sarah Moffitt, Bilal Koussayer, Nicole K. Le, Kristen Whalen, Kristina Buller, Jared Troy, and Jake Laun. "572 Burn Epidemiology in Drug Users." Journal of Burn Care & Research 45, Supplement_1 (April 17, 2024): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irae036.206.

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Abstract Introduction Our state has the second highest rate of drug overdose deaths in the country, with an epicenter located in our greater metropolitan area. Burn patients using drugs can fall victim to burns commonly related to drug use or risky behavior while intoxicated. As our institution is the safety net for this community, we aimed to analyze burn presentation and outcomes of burn patients with active drug use to help clinicians anticipate challenges related to drug usage and limited socioeconomic support. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis was performed of patients over the age of 18 years presenting to our institution from 2015 to 2020 with burn injuries. We considered drug use to include marijuana, intravenous drug use, cocaine, methamphetamines, opiates, and alcohol use disorder. We analyzed admission rate with logistic regression, controlling for differences in inhalation burns, related traumatic injury, and other confounding factors. Results We reviewed a total of 1339 burn patients with 30.19% reporting drug use. On presentation, burn patients using drugs had a greater percentage of full thickness burns (+0.56%, p< 0.02), TBSA (+1.84%, p< 0.03), burn related trauma (+8.53%, p< 0.01), and concomitant inhalation burns (+3.65%, p< 0.01). Flame burns were most common overall, with scald (-6.15%) and explosion burns (+2.61%) showing the greatest change in frequency for patients using drugs (p< 0.03). During their hospital course, a larger proportion of burn patients using drugs were admitted (+16.75%, p< 0.01), and drug use was associated with a 2.4 increased log odds of admission (p< 0.01, 95% CI: 1.7-3.4). LOS, surgical intervention, ICU days, and infection showed no significant difference between cohorts. Patients using drugs were less likely to follow-up (-7.39%, p< 0.01) after discharge. Conclusions Burn victims who use drugs do not experience clinically significant increase in burn severity, such as TBSA and depth, compared with non-drug users, but were more likely to have inhalation burns and associated traumatic injury. A larger proportion of burn patients using drugs were uninsured or on Medicaid, suggesting the presence of unmanaged chronic conditions that could better explain higher rates of admission after controlling for their burns. Drug use furthermore where more likely to be lost to follow-up, possibly attributed to decreased access to healthcare secondary to insurance status and limited financial resources. Therefore, we must carefully consider discharge disposition and barriers to care to minimize post burn complications. Applicability of Research to Practice We aim to help clinicians treat burn patients who use drugs by anticipating challenges related to their usage and limited socioeconomic support.

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11

Strang, J., M. Orgel, and M. Farrell. "Well users clinic for illicit drug users." BMJ 298, no. 6683 (May 13, 1989): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.298.6683.1310.

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12

Chitwood, Dale D., Jesus Sanchez, Mary Comerford, and Clyde B. McCoy. "PRIMARY PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS, OTHER SUSTAINED DRUG USERS, AND NON-USERS." Substance Use & Misuse 36, no. 6-7 (January 2001): 807–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ja-100104092.

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13

Santos, Zélia Maria de Sousa Araújo, Helder de Pádua Lima, Flávia Braga de Oliveira, Jamilly Silva Vieira, Natasha Marques Frota, and Jennara Candido do Nascimento. "User's adherence to hypertensive drug therapy." Rev Rene 14, no. 1 (2013): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2013000100003.

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The low treatment adherence is one of the major factors for the lack of blood pressure control and risk for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to analyze the hypertensive user's adherence to drug therapy. A descriptive study carried out with 400 hypertensive users, from May to August 2010, through interviews. Most interviewees were female (67.2%), aged over 60 (54.3%) and with brown skin (57.4%). 326 (81.5%) users were making regular use of medicine with a predominance of those with over 10 years of diagnosis (33.5%), those with up to 5 years of treatment (31.0%), and those who received the complete medication provided by SUS (39.2%). The knowledge on the types of antihypertensive drugs and the daily frequency of medication prevailed regardless the regularity of medication, the same happened regarding the lack of knowledge on side effects, to the discomforts caused and the complexity of drug therapy. We concluded that the treatment adherence prevailed in most users.

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14

Santoro, Mario, Livio Triolo, and Carla Rossi. "Drug user dynamics: A compartmental model of drug users for scenario analyses." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 20, no. 3 (February 6, 2013): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2012.750274.

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15

Gill, Andrew M., and Robert J. Michaels. "Does Drug Use Lower Wages?" ILR Review 45, no. 3 (April 1992): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500301.

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This study, using microdata from the 1980 and 1984 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, examines the effects of drug use on wages and employment. Contrary to most previous researchers' findings that illegal drug use negatively affects earnings, this analysis suggests that, once an allowance is made for self-selection effects (that is, unobservable factors simultaneously affecting wages and the decision to use drugs), drug users actually received higher wages than non-drug users. A similar analysis of employment effects shows that the sample of all drug users (which included users of “hard” and “soft” drugs) had lower employment levels than non-drug users, but the smaller sample consisting only of users of hard drugs, surprisingly, did not.

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16

Carroll, Jim. "Professionals and drug-users:." Nursing Standard 8, no. 43 (July 20, 1994): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.8.43.42.s60.

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17

de Boer, Rasmus Normann, Asgar Bo Frederiksen, Philip Georg Rau-Andersen, and K. Robert Isaksen. "Recognising Psychoactive Drug Users." Nordic Journal of Social Research 13, no. 2 (August 24, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/njsr.13.2.1.

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18

Kilty, Keith M., and James R. Beniger. "Trafficking in Drug Users." Social Forces 64, no. 3 (March 1986): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2578849.

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19

Perlman, D. C., N. Salomon, M. P. Perkins, S. Yancovitz, D. Paone, and D. C. D. Jarlais. "Tuberculosis in Drug Users." Clinical Infectious Diseases 21, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 1253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.5.1253.

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20

Parker, Howard. "THE NEW DRUG USERS." Criminal Justice Matters 12, no. 1 (June 1993): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259308553619.

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21

Farrell, M., and J. Strang. "Drug users in prison." BMJ 309, no. 6949 (July 23, 1994): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6949.271b.

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22

Lush, P. "Drug users in prison." BMJ 309, no. 6955 (September 10, 1994): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6955.674.

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23

Morral, A. "Hardcore drug users claim to be occasional users: drug use frequency underreporting." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 57, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00048-4.

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24

Elliott, Amy, Abigail Zulich, Linda Cottler, and Catherine Woodstock Striley. "Drug users and non-drug users both favor uncommon informed consent practices." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 171 (February 2017): e59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.173.

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25

McKeganey, Neil, and Joe McGallagly. "Nicked: drug users’ views of drug enforcement." Journal of Substance Use 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2013): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2012.709914.

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26

Trevino, Roberto A., and Alan J. Richard. "Attitudes towards drug legalization among drug users." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 28, no. 1 (January 2002): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ada-120001283.

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27

Neale, Joanne. "Drug users' views of drug service providers." Health and Social Care in the Community 6, no. 5 (September 1998): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.1998.00140.x.

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28

McElrath, Karen, Dale D. Chitwood, and Mary Comerford. "Crime Victimization among Injection Drug Users." Journal of Drug Issues 27, no. 4 (October 1997): 771–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269702700406.

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This study uses routine activity theory to examine violent and property crime victimization among a sample of 308 injection drug users (IDUs). We estimate prevalence rates and identify factors that contribute to the victimization of IDUs. The findings suggest that victimization rates of IDUs were much higher than rates found for the general urban population. Generally, crime involvement did not contribute significantly to victimization risk. Use of crack-cocaine increased the likelihood of property crime victimization whereas heroin use decreased the probability of both violent and property crime victimization. Other drug lifestyle activities (i.e., waiting in uncomfortable situations to buy drugs) also affected victimization risk Finally, the results suggest that victimization differed by age and by gender, despite controls for drug use and drug lifestyle activities. Explanations for these results are offered.

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29

Sandu, Mihaela Luminița, Mihaela Rus, Tasențe Tănase, and Ciprian Rus. "Social perception of drug users." „Black Sea” Journal of Psychology 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2018): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/bspsychology.bsjop.v9i1.115.

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In general, there is talk, research, analysis and action in various other categories of vulnerable groups (poor, elderly, institutionalized, etc.), ignoring the fact that drug addicts are also part of this category and that they are, in turn, excluded and stigmatized. Addressing this topic has helped me to study the social perception of this category of vulnerable, socially excluded population, namely that of drug addicts. The dynamics, dimensions and characteristics of drug use in Romania are aspects that underlie the governmental policy in this field. That is why the intervention of society must focus on at least four dimensions: social, economic, political and, last but not least, moral. Drug addiction is an increasingly visible phenomenon, with wide and sometimes serious consequences at individual and community level, and in this capacity highlights a series of hypotheses and perspectives concerning both the substances and the situations against which they are it creates addiction, but also the types and ways of consumption. It can be said about the drug problem in Romania that the period has passed, romantic in fact, in which there were several voices claiming that drug addiction would be a minor problem, that we are more of a transit chain to the western market, that there is a such external constraints on the individual, of which the economic one would be the most effective in keeping him away from expensive drugs. Unfortunately, this desirable situation has been somewhat transgressed and now we are in a stalemate that is not yet manifested in its "fullness": the subject of drug use is increasingly present in the social space, the institutions capable of social control are (statistics show a fabulous increase (1200% in the period 2000-2004, so in four years, of illicit drug users and addicts), the intervention network is insufficient and consists of several hospitalization centers / services set up next to psychiatry, the specialists of the intervention are still in training regarding the professional experience, the specialized literature is deficient and mainly theoretical, the researches and scientific studies on the field are hardly projected for the Romanian reality.

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30

Ettorre, Elizabeth. "Chapter 9. Drug User Researchers as Autoethnographers: “Doing Reflexivity” With Women Drug Users." Substance Use & Misuse 48, no. 13 (October 2, 2013): 1377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.814999.

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31

Jangra, Hitkul, Rajiv Shah, and Ponnurangam Kumaraguru. "Effect of Feedback on Drug Consumption Disclosures on Social Media." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 17 (June 2, 2023): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22158.

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Deaths due to drug overdose in the US have doubled in the last decade. Drug-related content on social media has also exploded in the same time frame. The pseudo-anonymous nature of social media platforms enables users to discourse about taboo and sometimes illegal topics like drug consumption. User-generated content (UGC) about drugs on social media can be used as an online proxy to detect offline drug consumption. UGC also gets exposed to the praise and criticism of the community. Law of effect proposes that positive reinforcement on an experience can incentivize the users to engage in the experience repeatedly. Therefore, we hypothesize that positive community feedback on a user's online drug consumption disclosure will increase the probability of the user doing an online drug consumption disclosure post again. To this end, we collect data from 10 drug-related subreddits. First, we build a deep learning model to classify UGC as indicative of drug consumption offline or not, and analyze the extent of such activities. Further, we use matching-based causal inference techniques to unravel community feedback's effect on users' future drug consumption behavior. We discover that 84% of posts and 55% comments on drug-related subreddits indicate real-life drug consumption. Users who get positive feedback generate up to two times more drugs consumption content in the future. Finally, we conducted an anonymous user study on drug-related subreddits to compare members' opinions with our experimental findings and show that user tends to underestimate the effect community peers can have on their decision to interact with drugs.

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32

Jenness, Samuel M., Alan Neaigus, Holly Hagan, Christopher S. Murrill, and Travis Wendel. "Heterosexual HIV and Sexual Partnerships Between Injection Drug Users and Noninjection Drug Users." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 24, no. 3 (March 2010): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2009.0227.

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33

Bazyma, B. O., and O. O. Serdiuk. "Leisure activities of young drug users and non-drug users: association with five personality factors." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 102, no. 3 (Part 1) (September 29, 2023): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2023.3.21.

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The article presents the survey data of 4422 Kharkiv students from higher education institutions of III-IV accreditation levels, among whom 8.1 % used drugs during the last year. Using the validated and adapted BFI-10 screening questionnaire for the rapid diagnosis of five personality factors, the association of personality factors with drug use in the 12 months before the study has been established. The analysis of the leisure activities of student youth in Kharkiv shows that it is quite stable. The most common forms of leisure are spending free time on the Internet, going for walks and socialising with friends, studying and doing homework, watching films and TV programmes (including on the Internet), as well as hobbies and interests. Individual sports activities, reading books, going to cafes and restaurants with friends, playing computer games, and working or having a part-time job are of medium prevalence. The least common forms of active recreation were bowling or billiards, attending a sports section, concerts, clubs or discos. Doing homework (r=0.103, p<0.01), watching TV programmes (r=0.083, p<0.01) and playing sports individually (r=0.063, p<0.01) have a negative correlation with drug use. Low values of the big five personality factors “C” – conscientiousness (r=0.063, p<0.01) and work in free time (r=–0.136, p<0.01) – have a positive correlation with drug use. Factor analysis has allowed to identify and meaningfully interpret eight factors that describe the internal structure of leisure activities of student youth in Kharkiv. Only one factor was found to be related to drug use which is the factor of “Earning money for drugs”, which consists of low values of the personal factor “Consciousness” and the dominance of work over studies in the structure of leisure time. Two factors related to computer game playing have also been identified such as “psychopathic gaming behaviour” and “neurotic gaming behaviour”. The findings allow to draw a conclusion that should be used in building prevention programmes: the risk of drug use increases in individuals with a low level of the Big Five C personality factor – consciousness – and the dominance of work and part-time jobs in the structure of leisure over the main activity of the student which is studying.

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34

Hajšmanová, Alena, Alena Kajanová, and Tomáš Mrhálek. "Needle fixation among drug users." Kontakt 22, no. 3 (August 28, 2020): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2020.029.

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35

McPhee, Iain, Tim Duffy, and Colin Martin. "The perspectives of drug users within the social context of drug prohibition." Drugs and Alcohol Today 9, no. 2 (June 22, 2009): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17459265200900015.

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This study explored the perspectives of low‐level drug market users on the availability, purchase and consumption of illicit drugs within the social context of drug prohibition. A snowballing technique was used to recruit 16 participants consisting of nine males and seven females aged between 17 and 43. A semi‐structured interview process elicited their views on their use of drugs, where they obtained them, their views on the impact of the criminal justice system on their drug use and finally their views on how drug users were perceived by non‐drug users. While some negative consequences of using drugs were reported, no participant considered that their use of drugs made them an addict, a criminal or antisocial. The findings from this study suggest that current punitive drug policy, which links drug use with addiction, crime and antisocial behaviour was inconsistent with the experience of the participants.

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36

Lee, Soon Ok, Jeong Eun Lee, Shinwon Lee, Sun Hee Lee, and Jin Suk Kang. "Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Korea." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0249361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249361.

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Background Data on illicit drug use by Korean people infected with HIV are lacking. Here, we examined the prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use among people infected with HIV in Korea. Material and methods In this cross-sectional study, we included all patients infected with HIV who visited a tertiary care hospital in Korea from January 1990 to May 2020. Sociodemographic data of patients, including drug use, were collected at the first visit and during follow-up. Results Among 1,267 patients, 5.13% reported the use of an illicit drug in their lifetime, and 2.61% were users of injection drugs. The most commonly used drugs were cannabis/marijuana and methamphetamine, followed by nitrite inhalants, cocaine, dextromethorphan, carisoprodol, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The illicit drug users tended to be younger than non-users, homosexuals/bisexuals, and infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV); they had a higher CD4+ cell count than non-users. Among 65 users of illicit drugs, only 24.6% revealed their drug use at the first visit interview, and 24.6% reported using two or more drugs in their lifetime. Individuals who used injection drugs were more likely to be arrested for drug-related charges than the users of non-injection drugs. Moreover, they tended to be heavy users of illicit drugs, to report using two or more drugs in their lifetime, and to be HCV seropositive. In contrast, the users of non-injection drugs were more likely to be experimental users and to start using drugs overseas for the first time, but less likely to report their drug use at the first interview. Conclusions The prevalence of illicit drug use in people with HIV infection in Korea may have been underestimated. Further research based on more accurate measurements are warranted.

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Huang, Hui-Man, Ann Long, Fan-Ko Sun, Chu-Yun Lu, and Yu-Chun Yao. "Comparing the differences in health of body, mental and spirit among Schedule I and II controlled drugs users with Schedule III and IV controlled drugs users." Clinical Nursing Studies 8, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/cns.v8n4p26.

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Objective: To compare the differences in physical, mental, and spiritual health among Schedule I and II with III and IV controlled drugs users.Methods: A cross-sectional comparison design was used. A convenience sample of 479 drugs users was recruited in Taiwan.Results: The results showed that Schedule I and II drug-users had less perceptions of their overall body-mental-spirit health than Schedule III and IV drug-users (52.72 vs. 55.40, t = -3.00, p < .01).Conclusions: The health professionals could design drug rehabilitation programs for all Schedules of drug-users, especially for Schedule I and II drug-users.

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38

Misrawati, Asri, and Tenriwati. "Qualitative Study On Drug Users Class IIa Bulukumba Drugs." Comprehensive Health Care 3, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37362/jch.v3i3.225.

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Illegal drugs are solid or liquid substances, gases that cause physical and psychological changes in the body, almost all drugs affect the central nervous system, drugs act on the brain and can affect anesthesia, view the emergence of side effects and the high persistence to use illegal drugs without being prescribed by a doctor and can cause drug addiction or addiction. Some factors cause drug users, namely environmental factors, family factors and social factors, and 179 drug users in Bulukumba class IIA prisons.The purpose of this study: is to know the factors of the use of illegal drugs in class IIA Bulukumba. The research design used was a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach through in-depth interview techniques. Data was collected in the form of records and results of interviews. Respondents in this study amounted to 6 people using illegal drugs who were selected by purposive sampling. In this study, several theme analysis results were obtained, namely (1) first try (2) the influence of family factors (3) the influence of social factors. Conclusion: Drug users occur as a result of the first try factor, high curiosity, and friend invitations, drug users occur due to family factors, and drug users occur as a result of free sex.

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39

Evans, William P., and Rodney Skager. "Academically Successful Drug Users: An Oxymoron?" Journal of Drug Education 22, no. 4 (December 1992): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9265-12cq-lvkt-tk7a.

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The present study examines substance use among academically successful students. The data were collected in two discrete anonymous surveys of 2,288 ninth-grade and 2,653 eleventh-grade California students, and 1,043 ninth-grade and 862 eleventh-grade students from a large suburban county. Over 70 percent of the academically successful students from both samples reported some type of drug use. These successful students were divided for comparison into three groups according to their involvement with drugs: abstainers, conventional users, and high-risk users. The analyses indicated that the negative association between drug use and academic achievement may be counterbalanced by mediating factors identified in the study. These factors included high “educational aspiration,” “parent educational level,” and “emotional stability.”

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40

Buchanan, Julian. "Policing drug markets and treating problem drug users." Probation Journal 52, no. 2 (June 2005): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455050505200213.

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41

Martinez, Alexis N., Elizabeth J. D’Amico, Alex H. Kral, and Ricky N. Bluthenthal. "Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Injection Drug Users." Journal of Drug Issues 42, no. 3 (July 2012): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042612456015.

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42

McCreaddie, May, and Sarah Davison. "Pain management in drug users." Nursing Standard 16, no. 19 (January 23, 2002): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.01.16.19.45.c3145.

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43

Pates, Richard. "Editorial: Images of drug users." Journal of Substance Use 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14659890209169338.

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44

Gilvarry, Eilish. "Young Drug Users: Early intervention." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 5, no. 3 (January 1998): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687639809034089.

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45

Gordon, Robert A., James R. Beniger, Peter K. Levison, and Norman E. Zinberg. "Understanding and Controlling Drug Users." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 3 (May 1985): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071293.

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Stallings, Shirley, and Michael Montagne. "The Exploitation of Drug Users." Substance Use & Misuse 50, no. 8-9 (July 29, 2015): 948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1007692.

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Gordon, Rachel J., and Franklin D. Lowy. "Bacterial Infections in Drug Users." New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 18 (November 3, 2005): 1945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra042823.

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Kemp, Peter A., and Joanne Neale. "Employability and problem drug users." Critical Social Policy 25, no. 1 (February 2005): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018305048966.

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Sheldon, T. "Press: "Cosmo" for drug users." BMJ 325, no. 7376 (December 7, 2002): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7376.1368.

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Goldberg, David, Martin Frischer, and Stephen T. Green. "Sex surveys and drug users." Nature 361, no. 6412 (February 1993): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361504b0.

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