Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drug use'
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1
Nissen, Lisa Monique. "Quality use of medicines : from drug use evaluation to rural community pharmacy practice /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16549.pdf.
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Bernard, Julia M., and M. Klein. "Teenage Drug Use." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5802.
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McGuffog, Ingrid Diana. "Drug Use and Drug Control Policy: Evaluating the Impact of Precursor Regulation on Drug User Behaviour." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366750.
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Controlling the availability of illicit drugs and their use is an exemplar of a wicked problem. Reducing the scale of the illicit drugs market through suppressing supply has proven extremely difficult. A recent systematic review of studies by Cunningham and colleagues who have produced a series of research papers examining the impact of precursor regulations on various methamphetamine outcomes in North America, argue this research represents the most compelling evidence to date that ‘precursor regulations, or indeed any supply control strategy, can have significant impacts on the retail market for illicit drugs’. The review of this work concludes that the question for future research is ‘not so much whether precursor regulations work, but which regulations work best and in what context’; this is the starting point for my research.
The market for methamphetamine is entrenched, broad and dynamic and represents an important criminological and public health problem in Australia. Within Australia the production of methamphetamine has been concentrated in Queensland and that state government has responded by developing a coercive regulatory framework which co-opts pharmacies into a partnership with drug law enforcement that is aimed at preventing the diversion of licit precursor chemicals to the illicit market for manufacture into methamphetamine. In 2005, the Queensland Pharmacy Guild in partnership with the Queensland Police Service developed an electronic medication recording system Project STOP, - which is a real-time web based database used by police to track and apprehend ‘pseudo runners’ - to facilitate adherence to the compulsory requirements of recording and reporting sales of pseudoephedrine placed upon them by both health regulations and the criminal law. In my thesis, I refer to the family of innovations (legislative, policy and technological interventions) underpinning the police–pharmacy partnership as Third Party Policing (TPP).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Dodd, Will. "Drug use in Adolescents." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8924.
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Benzel, Laura Ann 1965. "Drug use and attitudes toward drug use among college church youth group members." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276969.
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A study of data from 85 undergraduate and graduate students involved in church youth groups revealed a significant relationship between degree of religious belief and drug using behavior and attitudes. Highly religious subjects disapproved of drinking alcoholic beverages and used cigarettes and alcohol less than subjects professing lower religiosity. Protestant subjects had more negative attitudes and less personal use of tobacco and alcohol than Catholics. Similar findings pertaining to drug using behavior and attitudes were reported between groups for all other substances.
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Pereira, Margaret A. "Governing drug use among young people : crime, harm and contemporary drug use practices." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63631/1/Margaret_Pereira_Thesis.pdf.
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Taking an empirical, critical approach to the problem of drugs, this thesis explores the interaction of drug policies and young people's drug use in Brisbane. The research argues that criminalising drug users does not usually prevent harmful drug use, but it can exacerbate harm and change how young people use drugs. Contemporary understandings of drug use as either recreational or addictive can create a false binary, and influence how illicit drugs are used. These understandings interact with policy responses to the drug problem, with some very real implications for the lived experiences of drug users. This research opens up possibilities for new directions in drug research and allows for a redefinition of drug related harm.
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Kwan, Ming-tak Kalwan, and 關明德. "Drug careers: an interactional pathway into adolescent drug-use." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29757678.
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Beau, Raphaelle. "Psychotropic drug use in children." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590623.
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Taylor, Molly. "Problem drug use and fatherhood." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3376/.
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In spite of longstanding concern over the impact that parental problem drug-use may have on the lives of children, very little is currently known about the way in which problem drug-using fathers experience and interpret their parenting roles. This study explores the lived experience of fathering among problem drug-using men and considers the impact that drug addiction may have on how these fathers enact their roles as parents and the relationships that they have with their children. Through qualitative interviewing with a sample of fathers with a history of drug addiction, this research highlights the incompatibility between a problem drug-use career and an active and involved fathering role. However, it also reveals how although many of these men may not be fathering in a practical sense, they would appear to nonetheless hold well-developed notions of what qualifies as good parenting and a desire to better fulfill their role as a father. The findings suggest that greater acknowledgement of fathering issues and of men’s parenting status in the provision of services would be beneficial. Furthermore, engaging with these men as fathers and addressing their parenting issues whilst treating their drug addiction problems could potentially facilitate better, more responsible, involved, and perhaps most importantly drug-free fathering.
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Moroz, Kelly. "Drug use, initiation and progression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ55227.pdf.
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PETEET, (MITCHELL) BRIDGETTE J. "GENDER AS A MODERATOR OF FAMILY DRUG INFLUENCE AND CHILD FUTURE DRUG RISK." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1112968034.
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Ward, Jennifer Robyn. "Drug use and drug dealing in the rave club culture." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539871.
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Forsyth, Alasdair John MacGregor. "A quantitative exploration of dance drug use the new pattern of drug use of the 1990s /." Thesis, Connect to electronic version, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1905/184.
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Fotopoulou, Maria. "Families and drug use in Greece." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3710/.
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The study at hand explores Greek problematic drug users’ perceptions of the progression of their drug using careers and family responses towards drug affected children in Greece. The methodology of the study entailed the use of semi-structured in depth-interviews. In total, 40 interviews with problematic drug users (PDUs) were conducted as well as 8 interviews with parents of PDUs. Participating drug users were asked to reflect on all stages of their problematic drug using careers, from initial contact with drugs to entering treatment facilities where they were contacted. Furthermore, they were asked to reflect on the role their families played in influencing the progression of those careers and on the impact they felt their drug use had on their families. Parents’ accounts were also collected to provide a fuller picture of the issues in question. The results of the study put forth the vital role of self perception, whether this derives from sense of self through practice or participation in social groups, in relation to drug use onset and escalation. It is suggested that drug use may resemble a learning curve where drug using peers are ascribed the role of ‘aids’. The perception of one’s use as problematic was for the most part related to heroin infringing upon all life domains. Entering treatment was found to be sometimes unrelated to the decision to quit drug use. When the two were synonymous, reported reasons behind such decisions centred on issues of self perception, sense of obligation towards the family and a desire to return to pre-drug use life styles and selves. Reported factors either promoting or hindering change are also discussed. The hugely influential role of the Greek family in the progression of problematic drug using careers is a further proposal made by the current study. The experience of living with addiction in the family home and the reported impact on families is also presented. The specific cultural context of Greece was also shown to be shaping family reactions as well as drug using participants’ choices of course of action and perception of self. The overall suggestion based on the findings of the study is that the experiences of both Greek problematic drug users and Greek families of drug affected relatives form a ‘variform universal’. The conveyed picture is similar to that portrayed in the global literature, albeit coloured by the specific cultural context within which these experiences were lived through.
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Xia, Yang. "Characterising patterns of injecting drug use." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648787.
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Waters, Jaime. "Illegal drug use among older adults." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14974/.
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Illegal drug use IS a much discussed, publicised and researched area of criminology. However, there has been little interest in its mature users. It is this subsection of illegal drug users that is investigated in this research. As the first generation of widespread and popular drug users is reaching late-middle age, this is becoming a fast growing and fascinating area of study. As the size of this drug using subsection is set to grow in coming years, the lack of existing research in this area is becoming more and more apparent. Existing research related to the area of drug use among older adults tends to be out-of date, predominantly American based, and looks largely at alcohol use, prescription misuse, and over-the-counter abuse. Equally, there is a lack of community based research in this area, which relies heavily on samples taken from the criminal justice system and treatment centres. This research aims to address these deficiencies. To create therefore as complete a picture of this little investigated social phenomenon as possible both quantitative and qualitative research techniques are incorporated into the research. Quantitatively, secondary data analysis is used to explore the British Crime Survey. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques are used to analyse the data set, including hypothesis testing and logistics regression. For the qualitative component, the research uses snowball sampling to conduct face to-face in-depth interviews with adults over the age of 40 involved in recent illegal drug use living in the community. Overall, this research shows that older recent illegal drug users exists, it produces a profile of older recent drug users, including demographic and criminological characteristics, and illustrates the drug using careers of older drug users, showing how they incorporate drug use into their lives. Ultimately, it provides evidence that contradicts the notion that illegal drug use is an activity reserved exclusively for the young and shows that drug use does not exclude having a long, happy and productive life.
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Roberts, Joyce. "VIETNAM VETERANS AND ILLICIT DRUG USE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/548.
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This study examined the correlation between Vietnam veterans and dependency to illicit drugs, due to their exposure and accessibility during their deployment in Vietnam. This study consisted of a sample size of 58 respondents to a survey that was disbursed throughout 2 agencies that comprise of Vietnam veterans.The survey design was implemented to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the quantitative data. Furthermore, this study included a Chi-square test to determine relevance and implications to micro social work practices. As expected, there was a positively significant statistical relationship between the exposure and accessibility that some Vietnam veterans experienced during their deployment that continues to affect their current use of illicit drugs. This study has been conducted to help future micro practitioners understand the importance and effects that this exposure and accessibility played in the lives of many Vietnam veterans.
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Becker, Kelsi J. "Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among High School Students Nationwide: National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2017." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553250524521989.
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Richards, Naomi. "Fatigue and beyond : patterns of, and motivations for illicit drug use among long haul truck drivers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16018/1/Naomi_Richards_Thesis.pdf.
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Long distance truck drivers are considered a special interest group in terms of drug-----
driving research and policy due to high rates of use, involvement of drugs in truck accidents and the link between drug use and work related fatigue. Qualitative interview data was collected from 35 long haul truck drivers in South East Queensland and analysed using NVivo 2.0. High rates of licit and illicit drug use (particularly amphetamines) were reported. However, unlike previous studies which focus on fatigue, this research found overlapping and changing motivations for drug use during individual lifetimes. Using Becker's model of a drug use 'career' it was revealed that some drivers begin illicit drug use before they begin truck driving. As well as fatigue, powerful
motives such as peer pressure, wanting to fit the trucking 'image', socialisation, relaxation and addiction were reported. These may need to be considered along side fatigue in the development of effective drug prevention or cessation policies for truck drivers.
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Richards, Naomi. "Fatigue and beyond : patterns of, and motivations for illicit drug use among long haul truck drivers." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16018/.
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Long distance truck drivers are considered a special interest group in terms of drug-----
driving research and policy due to high rates of use, involvement of drugs in truck accidents and the link between drug use and work related fatigue. Qualitative interview data was collected from 35 long haul truck drivers in South East Queensland and analysed using NVivo 2.0. High rates of licit and illicit drug use (particularly amphetamines) were reported. However, unlike previous studies which focus on fatigue, this research found overlapping and changing motivations for drug use during individual lifetimes. Using Becker's model of a drug use 'career' it was revealed that some drivers begin illicit drug use before they begin truck driving. As well as fatigue, powerful
motives such as peer pressure, wanting to fit the trucking 'image', socialisation, relaxation and addiction were reported. These may need to be considered along side fatigue in the development of effective drug prevention or cessation policies for truck drivers.
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Schreiber, Kimberly C. M. "Assay development for use in drug discovery against Bovine Trichomoniasis." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/650.
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Bovine trichomoniasis is a venereal disease that affects cattle. The causative agent of this disease is Tritrichomonas foetus, a flagellated protozoan. There is no current FDA approved treatment for this disease. The purpose of this study was to develop new compound screening assays that will make the discovery of new compounds faster and more accurate. The CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay, a high throughput screening (HTS) assay from Promega, was found to be as affective at measuring cytotoxicity as traditional assaying techniques. For the first time. preen florescent protein. a reporter gene used in cell viability assavs was successfully transformed into T. foetus for use in HTS systems. This study also identified new compounds that can potentially be used as new treatments for this disease.
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Barish, David. "Teenage alcohol and drug use does it increase non drug related crime? /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4437.
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Tran, Lena. "Wastewater-based drug epidemiology to estimate societal drug use: A critical review." Thesis, Tran, Lena (2018) Wastewater-based drug epidemiology to estimate societal drug use: A critical review. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41515/.
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Illicit drug use has many consequences resulting in social, health, and economic harm. An objective method of quantifying societal drug use would be useful for the efficient directing of the efforts of law enforcement, medical facilities and policy makers, and to inform the community. To this end, efforts to ascertain societal drug use have relied upon community surveys and extrapolation from law enforcement seizures, which often present the data as biased or skewed due to a small sample size and other associated limitations.
In recent times, wastewater-based drug epidemiology (WBDE) has been proposed as a suitable means to objectively quantify societal drug use. WBDE is the study of the incidence and distribution of drug use within a population and the its factors affecting the health and welfare. It is a method contingent upon the concept of measuring drug metabolites or biomarkers in wastewater (WW), from which levels of societal drug use are estimated and quantified through extrapolation and back-calculations.
The aim of this study was to critically review the various methods of WBDE that have been applied in Australia and in Europe. The outcomes of the assessment pertaining to their validity in directly and objectively measuring societal drug use will be presented.
Keywords: wastewater-based drug epidemiology, wastewater-based epidemiology, illicit drugs, drug abuse, estimate, societal drug use, population
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King, Michelle Annette. "Medication care : databases, drug use and outcomes /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17995.pdf.
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Strobl, Judith. "Use of databases for drug effectiveness studies." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533918.
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Clavenna, Antonio. "Drug use in outpatient children : epidemiological evaluations." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520672.
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Vargo, Elisabeth Julie. "Understanding contemporary drug use through mixed methodologies." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/35110/.
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In post-industrial societies, drug using conducts have increased exponentially in the last decades and virtually all psychoactive substances are now easily accessible via the Internet. Although drug use has been assimilated in mainstream lifestyles, and involves significant portions of the population, the legal status of drugs maintains the phenomenon submersed. In this work, which comprises of four major studies and two additional experiments, the issue is addressed by using both quantitative and qualitative methods to address methodological issues and provide insight regarding the novel developments of the phenomenon. Two experiments within an ecological setting using a known group of recreational cocaine users and a verified abstinent comparison group found strong evidence that questioned the validity of autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT). In Chapter 2 Study 1 (n=46), the cocaine and heroin aIATs identified 61% drug users in the abstinent control group. The aIAT outcomes are heavily influenced by social knowledge and currently the test cannot be used to assess an individual’s drug using status. Results from Study 2 (n=41) and Study 4 (n=31) make a significant contribution to the understanding of the aIAT mechanism by highlighting its malleability to stimuli framing and instructions. The high accuracy (97%) of the gender aIAT (Study 3, n= 41) reassures that the aIAT is accurate when the target concept (i.e., gender identification) is deeply engrained. Chapters 3 and 4 used mixed methodologies (IATs, questionnaires, vignettes and interviews) to explore the social-psychological aspects related to the misuse of prescription psychostimulants. In Chapter 3, it was found that university students (n=98) hold functional views towards chemical enhancement. In Chapter 4 through qualitative interviews (n=13), it was confirmed that prescription psychostimulant abuse is a novel trend reflecting a generalized tendency to view drugs as instrumental for the adaptation to contemporary social contexts. These attitudes are partially forged by previous experiences with other mind-altering substances. Outcomes of this work suggest that employing mixed methodologies is advisable in substance use research and that progressive public policies should move away from viewing drug use as deviance and confront the issue acknowledging its consolidated presence in post-industrial societies.
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Seymore, Candice, and kelly Moore. "Affect intensity, drug motivations, and polysubstance use." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/48.
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People often use substances to cope with intense emotions, but more research is needed in this area. The scale we used to measure affect intensity was the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM). The participants self-reported their substance use. Drawing from a sample of adults in substance use treatment (n=118), we used regression analysis to examine the relationship between affect intensity, drug use motivations, and polysubstance use. Having this information is crucial to understanding how emotional experiences can be related to substance use. By knowing this we can also alter treatment to be specific to the individual, in order to improve the success rate of treatment facilities. More research is needed examining the relationship between affect intensity, motivation for substance use, and substance use patterns among people who are receiving substance use treatment.
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Wheate, Nial. "Pharmaceutical Drug Design, Formulation, Testing, and Use." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22097.
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This compilation of my research has been organised into nine different sections based on the sub-themes on my research into medicines. Section one deals principally with my research and impact into the examination of the interactions of multinuclear platinum-based chemotherapy drugs with their cellular target, DNA. Section two covers the design and synthesis of new drugs including multinuclear platinum drugs and a new drug class of platinum drugs based on phenanthroline. Section three details my investigation of macrocycles as potential delivery vehicles for drugs; in particular, the delivery applications of a family of macrocycles called cucurbit[n]urils, but also includes my research with n-cyclodextrins, calix[n]arenes, and pillar[n]arenes. Section four expands on the cucurbit[n]uril research describing my work on designing and developing cucurbit[n]uril-based pharmaceutical dosage formulations. Section five contains my research into the application of various nanoparticles as delivery systems for platinum-based drugs, including: dendrimer-polymer nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles based on gold and iron oxide, carbon nanotubes, and DNA aptamers. Section six provides my published research on the clinical use of platinum drugs including an examination of the recommendations provided to clinicians and the extent to which platinum drugs continue to be used to treat human cancers. Section seven describes my research into the testing of pharmaceutical formulations and my published papers on the development of undergraduate classes for making and testing pharmaceutical formulations. Section eight is a collation of my published book chapters and review papers highlighting how these have made an impact in the area of medicines, and section nine provides details on my international patents for drug delivery inventions.
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Gossweiler, Robert S. "Differential Association and Patterns of Drug Use." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625783.
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Joens, Scott Edward. "Collegiate Drug Use: Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behaviors." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625933.
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Khamchiangta, Adchara. "Thai family support (TFS) : working with families of young substance users in primary health care." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/57946/1/Adchara_Khamchiangta_Thesis.pdf.
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Living with substance users negatively impacts upon family members in many ways, and distress is common. Despite these deep and wide-ranging impacts, supportive interventions for family members in their own right are rarely available. Thailand has substantial and growing problems with substance use, and there is very little support or family members of drug users, especially in community setting. The Thai Family Support (TFS) program was designed for implementation in primary health care units (PCUs) in Thailand. TFS was based on two approaches with existing empirical support in Western contexts—the 5-step method and CRAFT—with adaptations to a Thai setting that included integration with Buddhist practices. Its aims were to increase well-being of family members, reduce mental distress, improve family relationships between family members, and engage substance users in behaviour change.
A small-scale randomised controlled trial on TFS with a Delayed Treatment control was conducted, with assessments at 8 weeks (Post 1) and 20-24 weeks (Post 2). Structured interviews with participants and PCU staff and an examination of five case studies augmented the quantitative results. Mixed Model Analyses were applied to quantitative outcomes, and thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Thirty-six participants (18 in each of Immediate and Delayed Conditions) were recruited. A significant difference at Baseline between the two conditions was observed on the Thai GHQ-28 and Gender, but it was not possible to statistically control for these effects. There was a significant Time by Condition interaction on the Thai GHQ-28, WHOQOL-BREF-THAI and FAS, reflecting greater improvements in the Immediate condition by Post 1, but with the Delayed condition meeting or exceeding that effect by Post 2. On FES Cohesion and Conflict, there were falls across conditions at Post 2, but only Cohesion also showed a Time by Condition interaction, and that effect was consistent with a delayed impact of treatment. Overall, TFS by PCU staff in the Delayed Condition gave similar results to TFS conducted by the researcher, supporting the viability of its dissemination to standard health services.
Qualitative data also confirmed the quantitative results. Most participants reported physiological and psychological improvements even though their substance-using relative did not change their drug use behaviour. After completing TFS, participants reported increased knowledge, group support and sharing feeling, having positive patient-professional relationship, having greater knowledge of substance abuse and social support. In particular, they changed their behaviour towards the substance user, resulting in improvements to family relationships. PCU staff gave similar responses on the efficacy of TFS, and saw it as feasible for routine use, although some implementation challenges were identified. The cultural adaptation and in particular the religious activities, were recognised by participants and PCU staff as an important component of TFS to support psychological health and well-being.
Findings from this study showed the impact of substance use on family members and difficulties that they experienced when living with the substance users, resulting distresses and burden that may develop severe mental health disease. Drug use policies should be modified to support family members and response to their needs effectively for early prevention. This study also gave preliminary support for application of the TFS program in rural primary care settings and identified some policies that will be required for it to be disseminated more broadly.
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Unell, Ira. "Problem drug users and drug workers : their beliefs in the origins and treatment of problem drug use." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6843.
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Allen, Deborah. "Young people and illicit drug use : a health promotion model to differentiate abstinence or recreational drug use from misuse." Thesis, Brunel University, 2004. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5067.
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The thesis is a study of illicit drug use and attitudes to drugs education amongst young people from different socio-economic backgrounds. The thesis reviews the existing literature and finds that there may be a link between poverty and drug use that hasn't been fully explored and that there has been a lack of attention to young people's perspectives and views on drug use. The findings are reported of an empirical research project that consisted of quantitative and qualitative research with 206 young people in five different settings: at university, in a youth club, in schools, in a pupil referral unit, and service for young offenders. The data from these different sources are analysed and a conceptual model has been developed, setting out some factors that are indicative of problematic or non-problematic drug use. The model was circulated amongst a small group of professionals in relevant fields for comment. The thesis concludes that young people in university settings reported using illicit drugs recreationally and apparently without problems, while the 'vulnerable' young people reported using more drugs, at an earlier age, and more frequently, and for reasons to do with boredom, depression and anxiety. The author suggests that 'vulnerable' young people are disadvantaged by their circumstances at home, including social deprivation and parental separation, and their lack of engagement with education. It is argued that health promotion models need to recognise the importance of contextual and broader structural factors influencing drug use among young people, and that health promotion efforts need to play a role in tackling inequalities and reducing deprivation, as well as making health promotion messages relevant to their target audience.
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Mitchinson, Andrew. "New synthetic routes to polyamines and their use in receptor studies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481468.
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Best, David W. "Seeking explanations about drug use : methodological issues around explaining self-reported drug behaviours." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21402.
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The thesis investigates the dynamics that surround participants' responses to questions about illicit drug activities. By examining the attributional and discursive literatures, the opening chapters (Chapters 1 and 2) outline the difficulties associated with assuming veridicality in question-answer dyads. Emphasis is placed on the essentially social and intentional foundations of the applied research procedure. The existing research on methodological effects in substance research is outlined at the start of Chapter 3. These form the foundation for the empirical investigations that constitute the remainder of the thesis. The studies carried out attempt to examine methodological issues in the context of applied research procedures that combine quantitative outcomes with qualitative considerations such as reflexive consideration of the role of the researcher and the status of the participant. The first investigation demonstrates the influence of treatment status on the discourse provided by adult substance users. Drug users in contact with treatment services provide drug-related explanations distinct from those given by users who are not in treatment. This distinction is assessed in terms of a theoretical model of addiction based on discursive criteria and contextual influence (Chapter 4). These contextual influences are further examined in the empirical studies presented in Chapters 4 and 5 in which the subjects are young people whose drug experiences are assessed in the context of drug education (Chapter 5) and treatment and service needs (Chapter 6). Each of these investigations attempts to demonstrate the sophistication of discourse that respondents exhibit in their drug-related conversations and the ways in which their attitudes and understandings of these topics are shaped by the context of the experiences they have had.
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Tsang, Wing-keung, and 曾永強. "Cough syrup abuse among young people in Hong Kong: causes of abuse and difficulties of giving up." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977807.
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Evans, Melissa. "Psychological Factors Related to Drug Use in College Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504250/.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the psychological factors related to drug use by college athletes on seven drug categories. A questionnaire was given to male and female Division I college athletes asking them about their use of drugs. The frequency, intensity and duration of use/non-use was used to divide subjects into high and low/nonuser categories. Dependent measures included the Profile of Mood States, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and questions assessing athlete stress. A multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) was conducted in a 2 x 2 (alcohol high/low, non-user x male/female) design to distinguish significant differences on the POMS and stress questions followed by univariate ANOVA's. A separate ANOVA was run on Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory. Results indicated that high alcohol users scored significantly higher on anger, fatigue and vigor than low/non-users. Significant differences were found between males and females on the pressure felt from coaches to perform well.
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McCambridge, James. "The efficacy of a brief motivational intervention in reducing drug consumption and related risk among young people involved in illegal drug use." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-efficacy-of-a-brief-motivational-intervention-in-reducing-drug-consumption-and-related-risk-among-young-people-involved-in-illegal-drug-use(57c625ff-215b-45c8-8476-4a96bd64bd2a).html.
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Oguntunde, Olugbenga Olalere. "Drug prescribing practices among primary healthcare providers in a local government area of Northwestern Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5378.
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Master of Public Health - MPHBackground: Drugs are essential components of the health system and their rational use is vital to delivering quality and efficient healthcare services. However, inappropriate prescribing is a common rational drug use problem globally, particularly in developing countries including Nigeria. Despite measures to address this problem, inappropriate drug use continues to be a major public health problem in Nigeria. Aim: This study assessed rational drug use (RDU), with a focus on rational prescribing and factors affecting it, among primary healthcare providers working in primary healthcare facilities of a LGA in Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cross sectional descriptive study and it included retrospective review of patient encounters and interviews with prescribing healthcare providers in sampled health facilities. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 20 public primary healthcare facilities and 30 patient encounters were drawn by systematic random sampling from each facility. One hundred and sixty three prescribing healthcare providers in the health facilities were also included in the study. Adapted WHO's drug use study tools and a structured self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 17) software and presented as contingency table with chi square test used to test for relationship between variables with statistical significance taken at p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of the Western Cape Research Ethics Committee and Kaduna State Ministry of Health, and permission from local stakeholders. Confidentiality of individual patients, healthcare providers and health facilities data was maintained. Results: The prescribing staff at the selected facilities were predominantly Nurses/Midwives and community health assistants with SCHEWs constituting the majority (60.8%). More than half (54.4%) of providers did not know about the concept of RDU. Similarly, the computed knowledge score of RDU revealed that the majority (74.4%) had poor knowledge of the concept. Knowledge was significantly associated with duration of service, providers' previous training in rational drug use and professional status (p<0.05), with the CHOs having better knowledge of RDU compared with other professional cadres. High antibiotic use (68.3% in retrospective review and 82.9% in survey) and injection use (9.5% in retrospective review and 12% in survey) were found in the study with significant proportions of providers admitting that all cases of URTI should receive antibiotics (72.3% ) and that patients could be prescribed injections if they requested for it (35.3%). The Standing Order was the main source of information for the majority (50.6%) of providers and it served as the major influence affecting prescribing practices. Conclusion: This study revealed a poor understanding and knowledge of RDU among healthcare providers. High antibiotic and injection use also reflected providers' poor attitude to rational prescribing of these commodities. To improve prescribing practices at the PHC level, adequate staff skill mix, including physicians should be established. Since RDU knowledge was associated with prior training, curriculum development towards RDU and opportunities for in-service training should be provided to build prescribers capacity, in addition to instituting a system of rational drug use monitoring. Further research into rational drug use among different cadres of PHC healthcare providers is also recommended.
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Tjäderborn, Micaela. "Psychoactive prescription drug use disorders, misuse and abuse : Pharmacoepidemiological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för läkemedelsforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130768.
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Background: There is a widespread and increasing use of psychoactive prescription drugs, such as opioid analgesics, anxiolytics, hypnotics and anti-epileptics, but their use is associated with a risk of drug use disorder, misuse and abuse. Today, these are globally recognized and emerging public health concerns. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive prescription drug (PPD) use disorders, misuse and abuse, and to investigate the association with some potential risk factors. Methods: A study using register data from forensic cause of death investigations investigated and described cases of fatal unintentional intoxication with tramadol (Study I). Based on register data on spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported cases of tramadol dependence were investigated and summarised (Study II). In a study in suspected drug-impaired drivers with a toxicology analysis confirming the intake of one out of five pre-specified PPDs, the prevalence of non-prescribed use was assessed and associated factors were investigated (Study III). From a cohort of patients initiating prescribed treatment with pregabalin, using data on prescription fills, a study investigated longitudinal utilisation patterns during five years with regards to use of the drug above the maximum approved daily dose (MAD), and factors associated with the utilisation patterns (Study IV). Results: In the first study, 17 cases of unintentional intoxications were identified, of which more concerned men, the median age was 44 years and the majority used multiple psychoactive substances (alcohol, illicit drugs and prescription drugs). The second study identified 104 spontaneously reported cases of tramadol dependence, in which more concerned women, the median age was 45 years, and a third reported a history of substance abuse and 40% of past psychoactive medication use. In the third study, more than half of the individuals suspected of drug-impaired driving used the drug without a recent prescription. Non prescribed use was most frequent in users of benzodiazepines and tramadol, and was more likely in younger individuals and in multiple-substance users. In the last paper five longitudinal utilisation patterns were found in pregabalin users, with two patterns associated with a particularly high risk of doses above the maximum approved dosing recommendation. This pattern of use was associated with male sex, younger age, non-urban residency and a recent prescribed treatment with an antiepileptic or opioid analgesic drug. Conclusions: This thesis shows that psychoactive prescription drug use disorders, misuse and abuse occur and may have serious and even fatal consequences. The prevalence varies between different drugs and populations. Abuse and misuse seem to be more common in young people. Fatal intoxications and misuse of prescribed drugs may be more common in men, while drug use disorders following prescribed treatment may be more common in women and non-prescribed use equally distributed between women and men. Individuals with a history of mental illness, substance use disorder or abuse, or of past use of psychoactive medications are likely important risk groups. In summary, the findings suggest a potential for improvements in the utilisation of psychoactive prescription drugs. The results may be useful in the planning of clinical and regulatory preventive interventions to promote the rational, individualised and safe use of such drugs.
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Thayer, Nancy Lynn. "Children's Conception of the Social and Moral Dilemmas Associated with Drug Use." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4852.
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The use and abuse of drugs among adolescents and adults has prompted a renewed national concern about drug abuse. Educational programs have attempted to provided factual information and create negative attitudes about drug use so that students will decide not to use drugs. Studies have revealed, however, that the drug programs have not been effective in reducing drug use. The present research addresses two primary questions: 1) Are there developmental differences in young persons' perceptions of social and moral dilemmas associated with drug use? and 2) Are gender and race associated with social and moral reasoning about drug use? Semi-structured interviewers were conducted with 32 fourth and 32 eleventh grade students. The interview posed two vignettes about drug-related behavior, including helping behavior. In addition, the interview probed respondents' conceptions of the problems associated with drug use and of the treatment that users and dealers should receive. Content analysis produced 40 codes which reached the reliability criterion of 60 percent agreement. The Kappas ranged from .57 to .91 (m = .66). Chi square tests were conducted, using the variables of race, sex and the thematic categories associated with each question. Of the 26 tests of significance conducted on the variables, two were significant for grade, two were significant for gender and one was significant for race. Eleventh grade students were more likely to specifically reject some category of help than the fourth grade students (x2 = 4.48,p < .05, df = 1). Fourth grade students were more likely to consider teachers as a source of help (x2 = 3.48,p < .06, df= 1). Female students were more likely to acknowledge risk to themselves due to helping (x2 = 4.27,p < .04, df= I). Caucasian students were more likely to acknowledge that there may be risks to the helpee due to helping (x2 = 3.52,p < .06, df= 1). Male students were more likely to want punishment and control of drug dealers (x2 = 5.32,p < .05, df= 1). In general, the :findings indicate that there are fewer developmental, gender and race differences in children's perception of drug use and associated dilemmas than might be expected. Students' descriptions did reveal that they are thinking and reasoning about the information given to them.
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Polovich, Martha, and Patricia C. Clark. "Nurses' Use of Hazardous Drug Safe Handling Precautions." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/21.
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Problem: Nurses are potentially exposed to hazardous drugs (HDs) in their practice. HD exposure is associated with adverse outcomes (reproductive problems, learning disabilities in offspring of nurses exposed during pregnancy, and cancer occurrence). Safe handling precautions (safety equipment and personal protective equipment, [PPE]) minimize exposure to HDs and decrease the potential for adverse outcomes. Despite existing OSHA recommendations, adherence to precautions is below recommendations. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among factors affecting nurses’ use of HD safe handling precautions, to identify factors that promote or interfere with HD precaution use, and to determine nurse managers’ perspectives on use of safe handling precautions. This study used a conceptual model which proposes that both individual and organizational factors influence precaution use. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Nurses (N = 165; 46% response rate) from oncology centers across the US who reported handling chemotherapy completed a mailed survey. Instruments measured HD precaution use, knowledge, self efficacy, barriers, perceived risk, conflict of interest, interpersonal influences and workplace safety climate. Hierarchical regression was used. Twenty managers of nurses handling chemotherapy were interviewed. Results: Nurses were experienced in oncology (M = 15.8 ± 7.6) yrs, well-educated (62.5% ≥BSN), certified in oncology nursing (85%), worked in outpatient settings (69%), and on average treated 6.8 ± 5.2 patients per day. Chemotherapy exposure knowledge was high (M = 10.9, ± 1, 0-12 scale); as was self efficacy for using PPE (M = 20.8 ± 3, 7-24 scale), and perceived risk (M = 3.14 ± .6, 0-4 scale). Total precaution use during HD administration and disposal was low (M = 1.9, SD = 1.1, 0= never to 5 = 100%). Nurse characteristics did not predict HD precaution use. In the final model (R2 = .29, F (2, 155) = 24.6, p < .000), fewer patients per day, fewer barriers and better workplace safety climate were independent predictors of higher precaution use. Conclusions: Results emphasize the importance of organizational influence on nurses’ HD safe handling precaution use and suggest fostering a positive workplace safety climate and reducing barriers as interventions.
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Maingot, Catherine. "The use of photosensitive erythrocytes in drug delivery." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554334.
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The development of systems capable of delivering therapeutic agents in a site-specific manner continues to attract considerable attention, particularly for the treatment of focal disease such as many forms of cancer. Although many forms of delivery systems have emerged over the past 2 decades, the focus of my work has been directed towards the study of the erythrocyte as a potential drug delivery vehicle for possible clinical application in the treatment of solid tumours. The erythrocyte, as a drug delivery vehicle, has attracted a considerable degree of attention in the past, although many of the suggested applications depend on either passive delivery of therapeutic agents or in facilitating fortuitous targeting modalities based on sequestration by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). To date no erythrocyte-based system exists where application of an external stimulus can facilitate site-specific release and deposition at a pre-determined target site. The work in this thesis, therefore, describes my attempts to develop and assess such a system in order to facilitate delivery of therapeutic effects to solid tumours. In pursuing such an objective, the work in this thesis describes the development and assessment of an erythrocyte-based carrier system in vitro, exploiting fluorogenic tracers to demonstrate light- and ultrasound-stimulated release from the carrier and retention of the released payload at a target site. The work in this thesis goes beyond the existing state-of-the-art in describing the behaviour of the system in a phantom-based circulation system in order to demonstrate functionality in terms of stimulus-dependant release of payload from the system. Building on those studies, the work in this thesis extends into in vivo studies in mice using the stimulus- responsive erythrocyte-based system to demonstrate deposition of a therapeutic at a target site. In these studies, Iight- and ultrasound-stimulated site-specific deposition of indocyanine green was demonstrated and this was further exploited in order to demonstrate a therapeutic effect (reduction in tumour growth) at the deposition site. The data in this thesis suggest a significant potential role for a stimulus-responsive erythrocyte-based carrier system, particularly in the treatment of solid tumours.
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Thomas, George. "Institutionalized black delinquents' drug-use patterns in Georgia." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1990. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1209.
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The drug use patterns of black institutionalized delinquents aged 12 through 18 is examined in this thesis. The data were collected by administering a structured questionnaire in group settings. The sample consisted of 297 black male delinquents institutionalized in three Youth Development Centers (YDCs) of Georgia.
The data were analyzed at two levels - descriptive and inferential. Descriptive analysis was used to develop a profile of the sample. Inferential analysis utilized Factor Analysis and Maximum Likelihood Latent Class Structural Analysis to construct a drug user typology.
This study found:(1) that significant differences exist between delinquent drug users and non-users in terms of their personal and socialization factors; (2) that delinquents can be classified into three major drug user types (Non-User, Single Drug User, and Multiple Drug User); (3) that most of the delinquents (84 percent) are drug users; (4) that single and multiple users differ in terms of place and time of drug use; and (5) that a sequential progression from the use of beer and wine coolers to marijuana, and from the use of marijuana to other hard drugs seem to be the most common pattern of drug use among black delinquent drug users.
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Terry, Allan Keith 1952. "National survey of hospital drug-use evaluation programs." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291364.
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A self-administered, mail questionnaire was used to assess the current state of hospital drug-use evaluation (DUE) programs within short-term, general U.S. hospitals. During February-March 1992, two mailings were sent to pharmacy directors at 491 randomly selected institutions. A net response rate of 66.6% (327/491) was achieved. The level of pharmacist participation in DUE program activities was found to be very high and to have a significant, positive correlation with the rated effectiveness of current DUE programs and the rated importance of pharmacist participation in DUE program activities. Pharmacists were members on 97.9% of responders' DUE (sub)committees, while 65.5% of pharmacist members held voting privileges. Pharmacists devoted an average of 11.27 hours per week to DUE-related tasks. Wide variation was demonstrated in rationale used to select DUE study drugs, interventions employed, use of DUE study results, and methods selected to evaluate DUE program effectiveness.
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Reich, Heather M. "Medication management among Medicare eligible Ball State retirees." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1399188.
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This study investigated the personal medication management practices of some Medicare eligible university retirees and their dependents. This is important since older adults often take multiple medications and are more susceptible to adverse reactions and interactions. The general hypothesis regarding where retirees medications are obtained and their understanding of their use was not supported. Responses to the research questions revealed a higher level of understanding and compliance than previously reported by others. Also, they are unlikely to participate in an employer sponsored educational intervention. This may be related to the educational level of the sample. Suggestions for future research including sample selection, questionnaire wording and scaling are discussed.Fisher Institute for Wellness and Gerontology
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McPhee, Iain. "The intentionally unseen : exploring the illicit drug use of non-treatment seeking drug users in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9921.
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There is a perception that drug use is a serious and growing problem to be solved by medicine, social work and drug enforcement agencies. This thesis takes a critical standpoint again such populist views and interprets drug use as one of any number of normal activities that people engage. This qualitative research utilising a bricoleur ethnographic methodology focuses on the drug taking of non-treatment seeking illegal drug users. The data reveals that they manage several social identities and the potential stigma of being discovered as an illicit user of illegal drugs utilising several strategies to remain intentionally unseen. The thesis explores how and in what way socially competent drug users differ from visible treatment seeking drug users. In order to develop this understanding, several gatekeepers were identified and within their social networks the participants were recruited into this research. The participants (n=24) were recruited from a wide range of age groups (21-52) and geographical locations within Scotland. One to one interviews, a focus group, and several pair bonded partners were interviewed together providing rich sources of data. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically from a social constructionist perspective. The findings illuminate the ways in which the intentionally unseen identify and manage risks from drugs, drugs policy and the potential shame and stigma were their hidden social worlds revealed. The practical implications of the results of this thesis are explored and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Walter, Sandra M. "Examining the effects of drug testing on drug use at the secondary education level." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048380.
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The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a drug testing program could impact or change student drug use at the secondary education level. Secondary purposes were to 1) assess the perceptions of secondary education students toward licit and illicit drugs, drug use, and the newly implemented drug testing program, and 2) to examine why drug use may continue even after a drug testing program has been implemented. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires, discussion groups, and one-on-one interviews. Examination of the questionnaire data indicated that student drug use was not substantially deterred by the newly implemented drug testing program over a three to four month time period. Also, students' perceptions of the newly implemented drug testing program were mainly that of disagreement. Students commented that they felt the drug testing policy was implemented to "catch them" using drugs rather than "help them" with a possible drug addiction. One of the main reasons that the drug testing program did not have a great deterrent effect on student drug use, as suggested by the students, was that the odds were not high enough that they would be selected to be drug tested. In some instances, drug testing was not proving to be a deterrent to drug use, but rather a deterrent to participation in school activities. However, for some students, drug testing was proving to be a deterrent to drug use. As quoted from one of the discussion group members: "It's a step in the right direction."School of Physical Education
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Munson, J. H. (Jerome Harlan). "A Comparison of Student and Student-Athlete Drug Use and Attitudes Toward Drug Testing of Athletes." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501021/.
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In response to a NCAA ruling, North Texas State University (NTSU) launched a comprehensive drug testing, drug education and counseling program for its athletes effective August 1, 1986. This study assessed and compared NTSU student-athlete and student alcohol and drug use. In addition, attitudes toward a variety of sports-related drug topics, including mandatory athletic drug testing, were assessed and compared. The study revealed significant differences between student-athletes and students in drug use of the following: steroids, marijuana, cocaine, psychedelics, and amphetamines. Both groups favored mandatory drug testing of athletes.