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1
Chan, Kin-yi Ivy. "A study of determinants of relapse in psychotropic substance abuse /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470757.
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Carithers, Cathrin Lynn. "A Study of Nurse Practitioner Characteristics and Knowledge of Drug-Drug Interactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204909.
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Purpose: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) place a burden on our nation and cause potential harm to patients. Awareness of potential DDIs is essential for safe prescribing. Nurse practitioners (NP) have prescriptive authority throughout the nation, however, little is known about NP prescribing habits. The purpose of this study was to identify NPs' demographic and practice characteristics, DDI knowledge and factors that influence this knowledge.Data Sources: A survey was administered to NP prescribers recruited from a national conference. Data was collected on demographics, practice and technological characteristics, and perceptions and knowledge of DDIs.Conclusions: Data from 305 questionnaires were analyzed. NPs correctly classified 31% of drug pairs. Nitroglycerin and Sildenafil (drug combination to avoid) was classified correctly by the most respondents (90.8%, n = 305); Warfarin and Gemfibrozil (drug combination to usually avoid) the fewest 15.7% (n = 302). A positive correlation was found between NPs in acute care hospital settings and DDI knowledge, indicating higher knowledge scores. Neither hierarchical linear regression model was significant at predicting NPs' DDI knowledge.Implications for Practice: Continuing education needs to be targeted to enhance NPs knowledge of potential clinically significant DDIs. The increased recognition of potential DDIs among NPs will enhance patient safety.
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Bartu, Anne E. "A grounded study of the experience of detoxification from psychoactive drugs." Curtin University of Technology, School of Nursing, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12124.
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The main objective of this thesis was to develop a substantive theory that explained the phenomenon of detoxification from psychoactive drugs such as alcohol, tranquillisers, opioids, and amphetamines in a medical treatment unit for licit and illicit drug users. The other objectives were to (a) determine if the differences reported in earlier studies between licit and illicit drug users in terms of socio-demographic and drug use variables remain extant, and (b) assess the extent of minor psychiatric morbidity among the participants. Both grounded theory and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used in the study.The findings of the quantitative component of the study indicated that there were significant differences between licit and illicit drug users in regard to age, drug use characteristics, and completing the treatment program. That is, illicit drug users were younger than licit drug users, more likely to be poly drug users, and drop out of the program. The prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity among the participants was 93.6%, and was largely independent of socio-demographic and drug use variables. The high prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity suggests that the majority of participants warranted further follow-up support in the community after they left the treatment unit. The uptake of referrals for follow-up support, however, was 55.9%.The basic or core social psychological problem identified by the constant comparative method of grounded theory was found to have two parts, both of which were interpreted as forms of disequilibrium. The first part of disequilibrium, which was a precursor to treatment, was conceptualised as Hitting the Wall. The events associated with the symbolic "wall" interrupted the participants' drug focussed lifestyles and induced them to enter treatment. These events and problems were not resolved whilst in ++treatment, they lingered with the participants while they were in the unit, and remained to be addressed when they left. Whilst undergoing detoxification the participants encountered the second part of disequilibrium which was categorised as Incompatibility. The problem of Incompatibility was related to the heterogeneity of the participants and the structure of the treatment program that in many cases was unable to accommodate individual differences and needs.The core or basic social psychological process was conceptualised as Seeking Balance through Hanging In. The participants engaged in this process to deal with the disequilibrium of the precursor problem of Hitting the Wall and the problem of Incompatibility encountered in the unit. Seeking Balance through Hanging In was found to have four phases. The phases were Making the Break, Submitting to Cleansing, Fitting In, and Moving On. The process was linear in that the phases were sequential, and failure to complete a phase meant dropping out of the detoxification program. The experience of detoxification was modified by several contextual conditions. These were the physical enviroment, the participants' expectations of withdrawal symptoms, and the workload of the staff.The substantive theory, Seeking Balance through Hanging In, integrated all emergent categories, and explained the experience of the phenomenon of withdrawal from psychoactive drugs in a particular context. Recommendations for further research include testing the described phases and relationships of the substantive theory in similar environments, exploring the importance of the modifying conditions on client outcomes, and undertaking follow-up studies to determine the outcomes of those who completed the program as compared to the outcomes of those who dropped out. In addition, further studies are recommended to assess the transientness of the level ++
of minor psychiatric morbidity detected among the participants in this study.The findings of this study make an important contribution to understanding the experience of detoxification from the perspective of the participants. The substantive theory has implications for clinical practice, professional education, management, and further research.
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Daoud, Roni N. "A study of MRP1-drug interactions : identification of the drug binding site(s)." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36801.
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Over-expression of either P-gp1 and/or MRP1 in tumor cell lines confers resistance to structurally diverse anti-cancer drugs. Although the role of these two proteins in clinical drug resistance remains to be confirmed, the use of Pgp1-specific inhibitors in combination with standard anti-cancer drugs have demonstrated significant improvement in clinical response. However, evidence exists that reversal of P-gp1 alone is not sufficient. Therefore, while no drugs are currently available that can efficiently reverse MRP1 drug efflux in tumor cells, there is an urgent need to develop MRP1-specific blockers. In an effort to gain a better understanding of MRP1-drug interactions and to identify sequences within MRP1 that interact directly with drugs, we developed two structurally diverse photosensitive drug analogues, a quinoline-based compound (IACI) and a xanthone-derivative (IAARh123). Both compounds photolabeled MRP1 and showed a direct and specific interaction with the protein at physiologically relevant sites. Initial mapping of photolabeled sequences in MRP1 (Chapters 2 and 3), identified multiple IACI- or IAARh123-photolabeled peptides (∼4--7 kDa) derived from both the N-terminal (MSD0+MSD1+NBD 1) and C-terminal (MSD2+NBD2) domains of MRP1. A subsequent study (Chapter 4), using MRP1 variants with hemagglutinin (HA) epitopes inserted at eight different locations, led to a higher resolution mapping of the previously identified IACI- or IAARh123-labeled peptides. Specifically, two photolabeled peptides (∼6--7 kDa), derived from variants with insertions at positions 574 and 1222, were immunoprecipitated with anti-HA monoclonal antibody. Based on the location of the HA epitopes in the latter variants together with molecular masses of the two peptides, the photolabeled amino acid residues were localized to MRP1 sequences encoding transmembranes 10 and 11 of MSD1 and transmembranes 16 and 17 of MSD 2. Interestingly, the same sequences were photolabeled with both
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Hedström, Veronica, Emelie Pettersson, and Emma Strand. "National drug trafficking providing a local drug market in a medium-sized city in Sweden with illegal drugs : A mixed method study." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31968.
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Introduction: The Police in Sundsvall has identified a problem of an open drug market in the inner city of Sundsvall. Behind an open drug market there is an organization that consists of several steps. Internet also contributes to a drug trafficking. There is research about how the illegal drugs arrive to Sweden, but no research about what happens with the drugs after they have entered Sweden. Aim: The study aimed to examine how the national drug trafficking provides an illegal local drug market in Sundsvall with illegal drugs in a medium sized city in the middle of Sweden. In order to do so, the researchers studied the most common illegal drugs that are transported to the local market and how the illegal drugs arrive to the local market. Method: This study has a mixed method design and are divided into three parts. The first part is quantitative and consists of statistics from the Board of Customs. The second part is qualitative and consists of interviews with professionals from the Police and Customs and also with former drugs dealers and one heavy user. The third part is also qualitative and consists of interviews from Postnord, DHL, the Customs and the Police. Results: It was concluded in the results that cannabis and amphetamine were the most common illegal drugs on the local market in Sundsvall. It was also found that there are no specific routes that the illegal drugs are transported along to Sundsvall. It rather depends on the contacts that each local seller in Sundsvall has. Internet and the logistic companies were found to play an important role regarding the means for transportation. Discussion: The consequences and underlying causes of the phenomena was discussed. Also, two criminological theories were applied in order to explain what motivates people to involve in the transportation of illegal drugs to the local market and thus why illegal drugs are transported.2017-06-01
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Zhiyi, Ding. "A Calorimetric Study of Drug/Polymer Interaction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498476.
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Keller, Anna Catherina Maria. "Narratives in a drug court setting." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3176.
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The purpose of the project is to develop and evaluate a writing unit that could be used to teach adult students in a drug court program. The project is based on theories behind narrative therapy, its use in the treatment of persons with addiction problems, and how the reframing of students' own life stories through writing can bring about change. By using writing prompts as both therapeutic and educational tools, the author hoped to improve the students' life-coping skills and their writing abilities. The unit consists of paragraph writing, essay writing, reflective writing that focused on past events, and using computers to compose and format texts. The author evaluated a preliminary draft of the unit by submitting it to four education professionals with a questionnaire. Data was also collected from the author's students by means of surveys, interviews, and writing samples. Feedback from the professionals and the students guided the revision of the unit. The questionnaire, survey, and interview questions used in the project and the preliminary and final revised drafts of the teaching unit are included.
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Soo, Kam-hing Rosanna. "A descriptive study of the perceived treatment and post-treatment environment for female ex-drug abusers in S.A.R.D.A." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128328.
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Soo, Kam-hing Rosanna, and 蘇錦馨. "A descriptive study of the perceived treatment and post-treatment environment for female ex-drug abusers in S.A.R.D.A." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128328.
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Chan, Kin-yi Ivy, and 陳健儀. "A study of determinants of relapse in psychotropic substance abuse." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250038.
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Ireland, Alan C. "Metabolism and mode of action of 5-aminosalicylic acid and its derivatives." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236211.
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Sagay, B. O. "Some biological effects and pharmacology of Interleukin-1/endogenous pyrogen." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233196.
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Shomade, Salmon Adegboyega. "Case Study of the Structures of Criminal and Drug Courts." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194745.
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This dissertation is an empirical study of the actors and organizations working in criminal and drug courts. Specifically, the dissertation examines the structure (as defined by the interactions and relationships of players) of a criminal court and a drug court operating under a state trial court system in the United States. Recent reforms to trial courts indicate that the organizational structure of a typical trial court has changed in many states. Separately, specialty courts which help coordinate treatment for offenders like drug users and mental patients in many jurisdictions have changed the structure, process, and the nature of trial courts.The study is an inductive study using a case method research strategy to build new theory from past findings of organizational studies of criminal courts and from the little we know about drug courts as organizations. The method of inquiry in the study is a triangular research strategy that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The qualitative data collection methods include primarily participant observations of drug team meetings and court proceedings, and semi-structured interviews with actors representing organizations participating in both criminal and drug courtrooms. The study uses network analysis as the primary method for analyzing quantitative data. The research site is the Arizona Superior Court in Pima County, located in Tucson, Arizona.I found that the most important central actors across all phases of the criminal court case disposition process are judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys, and that measuring core workgroup actors across all phases give a more accurate picture of the criminal court case disposition process. I also found that defense attorneys may be less familiar with other court actors than prosecutors because they may enter the criminal justice system from many different sponsoring organizations. As for the drug court case disposition process, the study shows that the most central player is not always the judge. In addition, the study reveals that drug courts, as court reforms, have little overall connection to overall criminal court organization. Important policy implications and theory inferences, as well as recommendations for future court studies, are discussed.
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Veen, Jacoba van der. "A study on programmed drug release from tablets." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 1993. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/293023646.
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Tsui, Lai-lin Lillian, and 徐麗蓮. "A study on stress and youth drug abusers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977819.
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Asamoa, Akua. "A physicochemical study of a sparingly soluble drug." Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359030.
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Tsui, Lai-lin Lillian. "A study on stress and youth drug abusers." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1399217X.
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Johansson, Caroline. "Genome-wide association study of drug-induced angioedema." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-373135.
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Lam, Wai-on. "Drug treatment in Hong Kong a comparative study of residential drug treatment programmes in Hong Kong /." Thesis, Click to view the thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35278249.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Scarman Centre for the Study of Public Order, University of Leicester in association with School of Professional and Continuing Education, University of Hong Kong, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61) Also available in print.
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Rachlis, Beth Stephanie. "The impact of migration on drug and HIV-related risk behaviours among injection drug users : evidence from the Vancouver injection drug users study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32126.
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Background: Migration is one social factor responsible for the spread of HIV/AIDS.
The objectives of this project were to describe migration patterns, including rates of and
types of migration, among participants in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study
(VIDUS); to identify factors associated with migration; and to determine the impact of
migrating out of Greater Vancouver (GV) on drug use practices and HIV-related risk
behaviours among this population.
Methods: VIDUS is an open prospective cohort of injection drug users (IDU). At
baseline and semi-annually, participants complete an interviewer-administered
questionnaire which elicits socio-demographic data, information regarding injection
and non-injection drug use, sexual risk behaviours and enrollment into addiction
treatment. A l l participants were residents of GV at the time of recruitment. Correlates of
migration, defined as living outside GV during follow-up, were first identified for all
participants with at least one follow-up between June 1999 - May 2005. In a separate
analysis, risk behaviours were compared before and after a move had occurred for all
eligible participants with more than one follow-up between May 1996 - November 2005.
Results: A total of 1603 IDU were recruited between May 1996 and November 2005.
1245 participants had at least one follow-up between June 1999 and May 2005. The
proportion of I DU living outside of GV during follow-up ranged between 2.5% and
11.8% and a total of 149 locations where participants migrated to were cited, with the
majority (53.7%) being within British Columbia. Migrating was negatively associated
with various factors including frequent crack and heroin use, sex trade involvement,
and current methadone use. Of 1122 participants with more than one follow-up visit
between May 1996 and November 2005,192 (17%) reported migrating out of GV while
930 (83%) participants did not report such a move and movers were significantly
younger. A significant decrease in frequent heroin and frequent cocaine injection
occurred only in movers. The proportion of participants living in unstable housing
decreased significantly among movers while no change occurred among non-movers.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that participants who migrated were less at-risk for
HIV infection, given lower levels of reported risk-taking. Furthermore, it appears that
risk-taking among IDU declines following periods of migration out of GV. These
findings have practical implications for the types of services that are available for IDU
living in communities outside of the urban areas.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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McBride, Ali. "Evaluating Fast Track Time Analysis of Clinical Drug Trial Phases Utilizing a Quasi-Experimental Observational Study." The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624440.
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Class of 2007 AbstractObjectives: In this paper we analyzed the time frame for oncology drugs that were designated as a fast track drug and the time transition from a phase II to phase III clinical trial completion. Methods In our study we utilized oncology drugs that were approved between the years of 2000-2006 (FDA.gov). We then analyzed the CDER data base that provided information to Fast Track drugs that have been approved within the time period as determined by the FDA selection criteria (21 CFR 312.81(a)). Under certain circumstances, the FCA may consider reviewing portions of a marketing application in advance of the complete New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologic License Application (BLA). We will evaluate fast track designated products which may also be eligible to participate in FDA’s Continuous Marketing Applications Pilot 1 or Pilot 2 programs. For our analysis, we specifically selected oncology drugs. In particular, we analyzed 32 drugs from the stated time period. Each fast track drug was then selected and analyzed for its clinical phase development time period based on news announcements during clinical trails. For each announcement we conducted an event study analysis through lexis Nexus with respect to the announcement of a clinical trial enrollment, clinical trials news (Phase I, II, III). Results: The results of our preliminary study show that there was a shorter time to development transition for the fast track oncology drugs. The oncology clinical phase transition from II to three on average lasted 12 months with a range of 2 - 29 months The average length of the phase development had to excludes 4 drugs due to the lack of information provided from the LexisNexis database. The current timeline for fats track drugs has shown a decrease in transition from clinical trials to the market. In the example of Spyrcel, the data from our study had to be excluded, there was a definitive difference in the time to approval process for the drug as compared to other standard review entities. The approvals for dasatinib, or Sprycel, for refractory CML was shown to move through the development to approval in one of the fastest timeframes in modern development. Since its first clinical study on in Gleevec-resistant patients, the medication was decided on entering an accelerated timeline. It took us just 25 months to bring Sprycel from first-in-human dosing to a regulatory submission. In contrast, the industry average for this cycle time is 6.4 years which is three times greater than the cycle time for Sprycel. Conclusions: The new Subpart H regulations state that post-marketing studies to confirm clinical benefit that would consist usually by "studies underway” at the time of accelerated approval, this has not always been the case and is not a requirement (Dagher R, Johnson J, Williams G et al). In conclusion, the accelerated approval program in oncology has been successful in making 18 different products available to patients for 22 different cancer treatment indications since the inception of the fast track program. From the current data and transition information, there is a comparative difference between the clinical phase transitions from phase II to Phase III clinical trials. However, this preliminary data needs to be further evaluated against the standard FDA review process from oncology drugs. Moreover, further studies will be needed to interpret whether the average length of oncology studies biases the value of our study.
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Egan, Sarah T. "Impulsivity, reward sensitivity and motivations to use ecstasy an integrative study /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/4479.
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Thesis (BA(Hons) (Psychology)) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006."June 2006". A thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts (Honours), [Faculty of Life and Social Sciences], Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript.
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Tubbs, Jeffrey A. "Reimportation of Prescription Drugs as Contributing Component to Patient Drug Adherence: A Qualitative-Grounded Theory Study." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1720.
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Pharmaceutical drugs are one of the most socially important health care products. They are part of many individuals' everyday lives, from the eradicating of diseases at birth to treating patients at the end of life. However, for many patients access is prevented due to expensive cost. This study explored cost-related non-adherence (CRN) and researched if reimportation of pharmaceutical drugs from other countries could increase patient drug adherence. The perceptions of 10 patients and 10 providers in Maine were assessed. Maine is the only state that allowed its citizens to purchase prescription drugs from abroad. The research questions addressed (a) how reimportation drugs could contribute to drug adherence, (b) the perceptions of patients, and (c) the perceptions of key providers of reimportation. This study was guided by a theoretical framework utilizing Kurt Lewin's theory of organizational change. Participants answered 15 open-ended questions. The study utilized a qualitative grounded theory approach; data were analyzed inductively. The research demonstrated that patients and health care providers had positive perceptions for a reimportation policy. Future research of other regions for this topic should prevail.
Member checking was used to validate the emerging theories of increased long term drug adherence incentivized by affordable drug cost, which contributes to perception of competence, better management of current disease, and decreased safety concerns. Positive social change implications can be achieved through savings to the health-care industry by creating a pathway to affordable drugs that will bring more drugs to market and create a competitive structure that can drive down pricing.
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Tubbs, Jeffrey. "Reimportation of Prescription Drugs as Contributing Component to Patient Drug Adherence: A Qualitative-Grounded Theory Study." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1629.
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Pharmaceutical drugs are one of the most socially important heath care products. They are part of many individuals' everyday lives, from the eradicating of diseases at birth to treating patients at the end of life. However, for many patients access is prevented due to expensive cost. This study explored cost-related non-adherence (CRN) and researched if reimportation of pharmaceutical drugs from other countries could increase patient drug adherence. The perceptions of 10 patients and 10 providers in Maine were assessed. Maine is the only state that allowed its citizens to purchase prescription drugs from abroad. The research questions addressed (a) how reimportation drugs could contribute to drug adherence, (b) the perceptions of patients, and (c) the perceptions of key providers of reimportation. This study was guided by a theoretical framework utilizing Kurt Lewin's theory of organizational change. Participants answered 15 open-ended questions. The study utilized a qualitative grounded theory approach; data were analyzed inductively. The research demonstrated that patients and healthcare providers had positive perceptions for a reimportation policy. Future research of other regions for this topic should prevail.
Member checking was used to validate the emerging theories of increased long term drug adherence incentivized by affordable drug cost, which contributes to perception of competence, better management of current disease, and decreased safety concerns. Positive social change implications can be achieved through savings to the health-care industry by creating a pathway to affordable drugs that will bring more drugs to market and create a competitive structure that can drive down pricing.
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Kjärman, Sol, and Joy Uche. "The Impact of Treatment on Addicts: An Explorative Study." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21329.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to explore the impact of treatment on male addicts who attend Narcotic Anonymous (NA) meeting between the ages of 45 to 60 years that have been free from drug addiction without relapse in 10 years. The interest is to really understand how the addicts have been impacted and what factors have contributed to their being able to remain free from drug abuse without relapse. The research is a qualitative study. Semi structured interviews based on interview guide that are made up of six open ended questions was used to generate information (Primary data) from eight interviewees. The data generated was analyzed using qualitative content analysis in hermeneutic perspective. Also, Maslow’s need hierarchy theory and early research was used to analyze the data that were generated. It was found that the former addicts experienced improvement in their psychological health identity and social situation. Furthermore, they were impacted by different treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy, environmental therapy and the NA 12-step program. The findings of the study also indicates that the interviewees gained job, education and driving license because of the drug abuse treatment they have undergone. In addition, having a partner, stable family and regular attendance of NA meeting have helped the interviewees to remain free from drug use in 10 years. Furthermore, from the findings, improved psychological health, improved changes in identity and social situation are themes found from the coding and categorization from qualitative content analysis method. The main theme found is getting new ways of gaining control of addiction in relation to improved psychological health, improved changes in identity and improved social situation.
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Broad, Barbara Patricia, and n/a. "An analysis of peer drug education : a case study." University of Canberra. Education, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060613.132241.
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Drug use and misuse by young people is a problem and concern in
the Australian and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) communities.
There are concerns regarding illicit and licit drugs but licit drug use
has been identified as the major area of concern. Young people in
the ACT reflect the drug use/misuse patterns and trends of other
states. Commonly used drugs by young people are alcohol, tobacco,
cannabis and analgesics.
Strategies to address the problem of drug use/misuse by young
people include intervention and community drug education programs.
Peer drug education (as an example of community drug education),
trains young people as peer educators to implement drug education
programs with younger age groups.
A case study analysis based on qualitative, naturalistic and new
paradigm research is the research method used in this thesis.
An eclectic model of drug education including key components from a
variety of drug education models provides a comprehensive overview
of peer drug education. The literature review showed the complexity
of influences on drug use/misuse. These influences relate to
individual, peer, parental and family, community and societal factors.
Peer drug education is generally recognised as an effective drug
education strategy.
Peer drug education programs (Triple T: Teenagers Teaching
Teenagers) were conducted in the ACT from 1988-1990. Reports
documenting these programs (including evaluation data) and a
literative review are the main data analysed for the case study.
The case study analysis of five ACT peer drug education programs
and one interstate program showed the key planning issues for
effective peer drug education were:
collaborative decision making as a central concept;
detailed planning and liaison with target groups;
established structures within schools and communities to
support the trained peer educators;
team work and small group work as intrinsic and extrinsic
factors within the program;
clarification of responsibilities and roles of all personnel
involved in the program; and
facilitators/leaders with attributes and qualities that encourage
peer drug educators as social change agents.
Analysis of data from the case study reports showed young people
can be effective peer drug educators. Residential programs are
preferred over non-residential programs. Peer drug education
programs are effective in both school and community agencies.
The literature review and analysis of reports also indicated that peer
drug education needs to focus on establishing positive norms in
groups of young people. Collaborative decision making and positive
role modelling assist in the establishment of these norms. Peer drug
education links to the wider changes occurring in education and
health settings. Peer drug education is about collaborative decision
making, social justice, development of key competencies and social
change.
This thesis confirmed the complexity and dynamic nature of peer drug
education and there were many questions raised for further research
from the literature review and analysis of program reports.
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McLeman, Elizabeth Rae. "Brain G-proteins in drug dependence, a postmortem study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/MQ45410.pdf.
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Dakas, Christos J. "An in vitro spectroscopic study of some drug interactions." Thesis, Boston Spa, Wetherby : The British Library Document Supply Centre, 1989. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/016091469.pdf.
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Chang, Hsin-Yu, and 張心聿. "The Study of Drug Diversity in Hospitals: A Case Study of Antihypertension Drugs." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07378400474097857812.
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碩士國立陽明大學
醫務管理研究所
97
Purpose：To know the diversity and the competition of antihypertension drugs in hospitals and to find out the factors that affect the diversity of antihypertension drugs in hospitals. Method：The data source were from the National Health Insurance Research Database（NHRID）of National Health Research Institutes. We use the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Code Classification System to be the drug slection standard. There are 633 kinds of antihypertension drugs as the study subjects. The study analyzes the usage of antihypertension drugs of inpatients’ and outpatients’ data in hospitals in 2007. Results：There were significant differences in the diversity and the competition of antihypertension drugs between different hospital characteristics. When the competition of antihypertension drugs in a hospital was higher, the diversity of antihypertension drugs was higher. As to hospital ownership, the durg diversity at public hospitals was highest, followed by that at non-profit hospitals and private hospitals. When hospital level increased, drug diversity in hospitals also increased. Regression analyses showed that hospital ownership, hospital level, hospital size, drug usage and competition in hospitals all influenced the diversity of drugs in hospitals. Conclusions：The drug usage of hospital, drug characteristics, the competition of drugs in hospitals and drug diversity in hospitals were significantly different between hospitals of different characteristics. Hospital characteristics (ownership and hospital), hospital size, drug usage of hospital and the competition of drugs in hospitals influenced drug diversity in hospitals. Hospital ownership, hospital level and the competition of drugs in hospitals were the more important factors.
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Lo, Jen-Ting, and 羅仁廷. "Study of Mixed Surfactants as Drug Delivery Carriers for Hydrophobic Drugs." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62253162671300143393.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
95
Paclitaxel is a promising anti-cancer agent but with poor water solubility (6 ppm (w/v)). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Taxol for use against breast cancer、ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. The current clinical formulation is 50:50 (v/v) mixture of cremophor EL and dehydrated ethanol which causes hypersensitivity reaction and precipitates upon dilution .So, we hope to solve the problems by the research. The study focus on that mixed surfactant stabilized emulsion and larger amount of paclitaxel can be incorporated. First, it must find out suitable oils which can dissolve larger amount of drugs and posses biocompatibility. Furthermore, searching that the mixed surfactants can dissolve higher amount of screened oils. Thus, larger amounts of drugs can be encapsulated by the o/w emulsion. Moreover, the particle size of the emulsion ranges from 70nm to 200nm which meet the requirement for intravenous administration. The research results reveal that tributyrin, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate have higher solubility for paclitaxel among the chosen oils including edible oils, triglycerides, fatty ester. The paclitaxel solubility in tributyrin, ethyl caproate and ethyl caprylate are around 28000 ppm (w/v), 12500 ppm (w/v) and 5000 ppm (w/v). We found out two more stable system in searching for mixed surfactant system. They are the combination of P 74/Tween 80 and P 74/ Cremopher EL. The two systems forms stable microemulsion by changing P 74/Tw 80 ratio from 0.66 to 1.5. The formulations contain 0.3%~0.5% tributyrin or 0.5%~0.8% ethyl caproate in the emulsion.Hence, up to 120~150 ppm of paclitaxel can be encapsulated and paclitaxel solubility was greatly enhanced.the paclitaxel delivery systems are promising and are worth further investigation.
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Nagar, Devyani. "Drug utilisation study of enoxaparin." Thesis, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25667.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
of
Master of Pharmacy
Johannesburg 2001.
iThe use of a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin was evaluated in the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Patterns of use were analysed and measured against pre-determined criteria with a view to promoting optimal use and identifying those factors, which may contribute to safer use of the drug.
IT2018
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Chen, Chien Hong, and 陳健鴻. "Strategy for NHIA Drug Expenditure Target：A Case Study of Statin drug." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90041565744505325137.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
高階經理人企業管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
104
Taiwan National Health Insurance was admired in the world. Among the total expenses of insurance payment, about a quarter is drug expenses. Under this health care system, National Health Insurance Administration is a monopsony and imposes strict control on drug price. It is well-known that drug pricing of newly developed drugs is lower than the overall top ten advanced countries. Therefore, many pharmaceutical companies decide to delay or even abandon the launch of new drugs in Taiwan. This study seeks to investigate the strategy implications for pharmaceutical companies of second generation health insurance law in 2013 with a particular focus on the impacts of the implementation of drugs cost allocation ratio target system. Among various drugs covered in the insurance program, this study focuses on the lipid-lowering drugs and drugs with lipid-lowering drugs in the largest proportion of Statin drugs for the study of the subject. This study mainly uses IMS data to probe our research inquiries. Interviews information is also included as supplementary evidence. Keywords: Statin drugs, Original pharmaceutical companies, Drug. Expenditure Target
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Tseng, Wei-Chan, and 曾偉展. "The Study of Taiwan Drug Relief and Insurance—A Case Study of Adverse Drug Reactions." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16714277572630878015.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
保險金融管理系碩士班
100
In recent years, a variety of medical disputes, change of people due to the habits of the health care system, making more difficult the subsequent treatment of adverse drug reactions; Furthermore, adverse drug reactions are considerable distress to both medical staff and patients, the best way to solve the drug relief system, but people in Taiwan a general lack of awareness in this regard, this study was to investigate the current status of drug relief system to protect content and indemnification, to transmit of the discussion. A recent survey of public data showed of adverse drug reactions, the nervous system accounted for 34% to a maximum. In fact, the drug relief system that is the liability insurance system for drug use, but people generally do not know, this study suggests the government should be through the insurance company education and training courses to popularize the basic knowledge of the insurance business personnel to extensive how to use the drug relief system if necessary, people can apply for drug relief as compensation, to make certain the good intentions of government to popularize.
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Lien, Heng-Jung, and 連恆榮. "Study on Patients Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55865324959478348952.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
衛生福利研究所
91
Objectives: The adverse reaction related to the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on gastrointestinal tracts has been widely reported in many literatures, however, there is only limited research in Taiwan regarding this issue. This study aims to explore the relationship between administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and admission to hospital due to gastric or duodenal ulceration among patients using ambulatory care. Material: The files of outpatient visits and admissions to hospitals of “National Health Insurance Research Database in 1998” were used to screen outpatients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) once in July and were admitted to hospital due to gastric or duodenal ulceration afterward. Relationship among the results of admission, patient characteristics, hospital types and clinical departments, and prescription patterns are included for analysis. Result: Among the 464,639 patients visiting outpatient department and administered oral NSAIDs in July 1998, there were 319 patients admitted to hospital afterward due to peptic and duodenal ulcers. The use of NSAIDs was significantly related to hospital admissions due to gastric and duodenal ulceration by chi-square test. Among the 354,404 patients visiting outpatient department and administered oral NSAIDs once, there were 239 patients hospitalized. Age is the primary factor of admission to hospital, and admission rate increased with age. After controlling other variables, it was found that hospital types, prescription days, drug active ingredients, dosage form and manufacturer do not affect hospital admission by regression analysis. Age, gender, hospital territory and clinical department were found to have linear relationship with hospital admissions. Discussion: The use of NSAIDs does have actual relationship with hospital admissions. Age and gender are major influencing factors in contributing to peptic and duodenal ulcers, while age is the primary confounding factor and gender the next. Administration of NSAIDs to people more than 60 years old should be cautious, and the risk in administering NSAIDs to those more than 50 years old should also not be ignored. It is suggested that research in the future should include analysis of long-term trend, research on high-risk population, and using the infrastructure of ADR report system for analysis. It is also suggested that the Department of Health and the Bureau of National Health Insurance should permit the combination use of NSAIDs and ulcer-preventing agents with adequate use guidance.
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CHI, WEI-LIN, and 紀衛林. "Study of Anti-Drug in Practice －Design an anti-drug system framework based on drug rehabilitation viewpoint." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01973516007546524792.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
企業管理研究所
97
“Drug Abuse” is one of the most serious problems in Taiwan for decades. The increasing rate of the drug-relapse accelerate Government establish “Anti-Drug Center” to cut it down. However, it is difficult to conduct the present function of Anti-Drug Center due to limitation of resources. The purposes of this study are trying to figure out what are the most critical factors for Government to solve drug problems. Additionally, building up an “Internet anti-drug community” through information technology to share successful anti-drug cases and experiences. The qualitative research and questionnaire analysis were both applied for drug rehabilitation members in a non-official Drug Treatment Center to find their concerned factors related to help them getting rid of drug addiction. Comparing these concerned factors with present policy from Government, eight issues for research suggestions as following: 1. Family supporting is one of the most important factor for stopping drug abuse. Therefore, family of drug abusers should encourage them to face and fight against drugs. 2. Improving the probably worse relationship between drug abusers and their families, enlightening them to the bright side. 3. Avoiding touch previous drug dealers and friends, building up their new life. 4. Increasing job opportunities to ex-drug abusers. 5.”No drug” policy should be promoted in related non-official institutions which to make sure some drug abusers in it can also get assistances from government. 6. Promoting clearly about drug substitution policy of government. 7. Professional knowledge to well establishment for officers, setting up a good relationship between government and non-official groups about quit sharing. 8. purifying the environment and atmosphere of Government’s Drug Abuse Treatment Center that means avoid the center turn into a “Durg Information Exchange Center”. Inaddition to above results, this study also suggests that Government can set up an “Internet Anti-Drug Community” by information technology to be a bridge between Anti-Drug Center and Drug-addictors even their families to share successful anti-drug cases and rehabilitation experiences. It might not only advances ex-drug-addictor to share ther experences but also help Government to discover drug-addict subculture indeed． The summary of this study, ”Anti-Drug Center” are well-designed but executed resources limitation. According to this issue, the researcher give the suggestions and recommendations above for policy makers、 Anti-Drug Center and future researcher
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Huang, Yi-Wen, and 黃憶雯. "A study on the relationship between drug label and patients’ drug safety." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45757592978046177604.
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Liao, Pei-Yu, and 廖珮妤. "Drug Life Cycle Management Strategies - The Case Study of Lung Cancer Drug." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78zavh.
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陳鈿鍇. "The Study Of Drug Dissolution Rate." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95035588891792500101.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
應用化學研究所
88
Abstract In-vitro drug dissolution provides an easy, economic and effective approach to evaluating bioavailability. With the selection of a pertinent dissolution method, drug dissolution can preliminarily replace the expensive in-vivo drug absorption test. However, drug dissolution is under the influence of a variety of factors, such as the physical and chemical properties of drug materials, including particle size, polymorphs, solvate, and water solubility, and drug dosage form, including formulation and preparation method. This study selected an anti-inflammatory agent - Piroxicam as study target. Piroxicam has analgesic and antipyretic actions and is prescribed once a day. It is chosen for its practical insolubility in water and the fact that different preparations by various manufacturers produce different dissolution. First of all, five different raw material samples were obtained from the local importers and subjected to examination by the following instruments: FTIR was used to test the samples and the standard provided by the National Laboratory of Foods and Drugs. It is found that all samples had similar wave number as that of the standard, except for Medichem which was inconsistent with the standard at several spots. Thus except for the raw material used by Medichem, all other materials probably have the same crystal form as the standard. In DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) test, samples were maintained at the same temperature and graphed by caloric differential against the temperature. It is found that the graphs of various samples were not markedly different from that of the standard, and thus unable to verify that any raw material has different polymorphs or solvate. TGA (Thermogravimetric Analyzer) was employed to document the change of sample mass with temperature change. It is found that the samples showed no mass reduction at around 100C. The curves of various samples were similar, showing little variation in residue amount at 350C. The residue might be unignited sulfur (the boiling point of sulfur is 446 C). Under the examination of Bright/Darkfield Polarizing Microscope, the comparison of 50X, 100X, 200X, and 500X optical photos and 50X and 200X polarized photos indicate that samples have marked difference in crystal form and particle size. The scan of Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer displays significant difference in the particle size and distribution of samples. In terms of preparations, different raw materials were made into hard capsules using different formulations and preparation methods. The dissolution of various samples was tested by dissolution tester. Results show that the greater the particle size, the lower the dissolution, and the dissolution of pulverized samples were enhanced. This study finds that the dissolution of drugs made of raw materials from different manufacturers varies significantly. Using different instruments to test the physical and chemical properties of various materials as described above, it is found that such variation might be a result of different particle size, whereas the polymorphs and solvate of the material have no bearing on dissolution.
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Wang, Huei-Yu, and 王蕙瑜. "Study of drug injury relief systems." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eshj4e.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
法學院碩士在職專班
107
While dealing with drug injury cases, the traditional fault-based litigation and compensation schemes have got its limitations and difficulties, due to it is usually not being easy to identify the liable person and establish the causal link between an injury and a malpractice successfully. Furthermore, lawsuits against health care professionals may also lead to defensive medicine, which is adverse to the development of medicine, and can also jeopardize patient-provider relationship. Therefore, it is critical to provide a drug injury relief scheme free from fault seeking basis; which is the approach assumed in Taiwan. The present thesis present criminal and private lawsuit cases pertained to drug injury disputes to demonstrate the limitation of fault-based scheme in the field of medicine. Upon that, the necessity and features of the drug injury relief system in Taiwan is introduced and described. Certain statistic data of application status is reviewed and followed by real case study aiming to identify issues and root causes of the current relief system, as well as the potential solutions. In order to learn from the experience of medical advanced countries, the present thesis study drug injury relief schemes of the U.S., Nordic, Japan and Germany. According to the analysis and induction of these schemes, specific advices for improvement of the current Taiwan system are concluded and put forward.
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Wu, Heng-Yi. "Translational drug interaction study using text mining technology." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/14594.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) is one of the major causes of adverse drug reaction (ADR) and has been demonstrated to threat public health. It causes an estimated 195,000 hospitalizations and 74,000 emergency room visits each year in the USA alone. Current DDI research aims to investigate different scopes of drug interactions: molecular level of pharmacogenetics interaction (PG), pharmacokinetics interaction (PK), and clinical pharmacodynamics consequences (PD). All three types of experiments are important, but they are playing different roles for DDI research. As diverse disciplines and varied studies are involved, interaction evidence is often not available cross all three types of evidence, which create knowledge gaps and these gaps hinder both DDI and pharmacogenetics research. In this dissertation, we proposed to distinguish the three types of DDI evidence (in vitro PK, in vivo PK, and clinical PD studies) and identify all knowledge gaps in experimental evidence for them. This is a collective intelligence effort, whereby a text mining tool will be developed for the large-scale mining and analysis of drug-interaction information such that it can be applied to retrieve, categorize, and extract the information of DDI from published literature available on PubMed. To this end, three tasks will be done in this research work: First, the needed lexica, ontology, and corpora for distinguishing three different types of studies were prepared. Despite the lexica prepared in this work, a comprehensive dictionary for drug metabolites or reaction, which is critical to in vitro PK study, is still lacking in pubic databases. Thus, second, a name entity recognition tool will be proposed to identify drug metabolites and reaction in free text. Third, text mining tools for retrieving DDI articles and extracting DDI evidence are developed. In this work, the knowledge gaps cross all three types of DDI evidence can be identified and the gaps between knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying DDI and their clinical consequences can be closed with the result of DDI prediction using the retrieved drug gene interaction information such that we can exemplify how the tools and methods can advance DDI pharmacogenetics research.
2 years
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Chou, Ming-Chieh, and 周明潔. "Study on Bisphosphonates Drug for Osteoporosis in Novel InjectableThermosensitive Carrier of Drug Delivery." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07551733171651411908.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
奈米科技碩士學位學程
101
Abstract In this research, we used vortex mixer to blend thermosensitive polymer (mPEG-PLGA) which is synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and hydroxyapatite by chemical co-precipitation to get complex carrier of thermosensitive injectable hydrogel. Then, we used dendrimer drug carrier, which is synthesized by stretch method continuous synthesis, to change the peripheral of PAMAM G2 to carboxylic acid (-COOH). For reducing the toxicity from materials to cells, we modified it with hydrophilic chain (mPEG) to get mPEG-PAMAM G2. After that, we used the characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic for embedding revised Fosamax (Alendronate), to produce the carrier of the new long-acting drug, which can be applied in The section of identification, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and other instruments to identify the organic polymer mPEG-PLGA. we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify and determine the correctness of its structure to the inorganic hydroxyapatite.In X-RD results are displayed at the 2θ angle of 25.8 ° occurring hydroxyapatite peak is the main peak , and its calcium / phosphorus ratio of composition are also similar to natural bone.Otherwise, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MASS) and other equipments for identification of dendrimer materials . Characteristic analysis, rheometer and in vitro degradation measurements were used to detect the sensitivity to temperature and in vitro degradation behaviors of mPEG-PLGA, mPEG-PLGA / HA and mPEG-PLGA / mPEG-PAMAM respectively. The last step, we examined the in vitro toxicity by injecting {mPEG-PLGA / [mPEG-PAMAM-AL]} into the embryo of the mouse and then left to stand for 24 hours before being tested by TUNEL detection. Finally, TUNEL detection confirmed that it’s successful to reduce the toxicity. The drug loading and the drug release were observed by UV-vis which can measure the absorption of the revised Alandronate with luminescent functional groups. Then, we integrated absorption values into calibration curve, to calculate the rate of drug wrapping, drug loading and drug release at various times. The conclusion shows that the long-acting thermosensitive injectable hydrogel, which was produced from mPEG-PLGA / [mPEG-PAMAM-AL-NQS], can reach the pharmaceutical sustained-release effect.
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Lin, Hsin-Hua, and 林信樺. "Study of Drug Information Transmission Mechanism-Survey on Drug Information Retrieving by Physicians." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86841612093630534495.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
臨床藥學研究所
93
Background To provide correct drug information efficiently is an important key in drug safety. This is a big challenge for health policy authority, license holders of pharmaceutical products, and health providers especially now the new medical information change is so fast. Drug information is so complicated that there is no unique mechanism to deliver drug information efficiently. Understanding how the drug information can be used and can be obtained by medical professionals may be useful to set up strategy to create an effective drug safety information transmission channel. Methods In this research, the medical practitioners in Taiwan were taken as the target of samples. Followed the non-random sampling pattern, questionnaires were sent out through a pharmaceutical manufacture representatives’ network. There are four major parts of the questionnaire：‘The use of drug information tool’, ‘The use of drug package insert’, ‘The ways to obtain drug information’, ‘Personal data and institutional characteristics’. After received the filled questionnaires, they were encoded and keyed in the computer and preceded statistical analysis. Window SPSS 11.5 English edition was used for statistical analysis descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation and of inferential statistics of paired-sample t test, the Chi-square test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, etc. Results A total of the 2,640 copies of questionnaires were sent out. There were 439 questionnaires (16.6%) received. After excluding invalid 10 questionnaires, it was 429 valid questionnaires with a response rate of 16.3%. Most of the doctors (38.7%) mainly used ‘The daily drug compendium, the daily drug treatment compendium, the basic level healthcare compendium, and etc. reference books’ as drug information resource. ‘Content credibility’ (46.2%), and ‘Convenience’ (29.1%) were the two major factors for choosing drug information tools. Most of the doctors (60.6%) claimed they used drug information tool ‘More than once a week’, and in most condition (48.0%) the average time to look for drug information each time was ‘Under the 30 minutes’. The main access through personnel to obtain drug information is ‘The doctor colleague’ (35.9%) and followed by ‘company’s personnel’ (31.2%). The frequency of personnel offer drug information was mainly ‘More than once a week’ (51.0%). ‘The daily drug compendium, The daily drug treatment compendium, The basic level healthcare compendium, etc. reference book’ was also the major drug information resource even when prescribed a new drug (28.7%), or when prescribed for children, old people, pregnant women, etc. (31.9%). However, for the condition that the adverse drug reaction occurred to the patient, the most doctors (26.3%) may consider ‘Drug package insert or Physician Desk Reference (PDR)’ as the drug information tool resource. There were 24.2% of the doctors considered ‘Micromedex, UpToDate, MD consult, STAT ref, etc. medical database’ have the most complete drug safety information, followed by ‘domestic and international medical journal’ (21.9%). Most of doctors recognized ‘Micromedex, UpToDate, MD consult, STAT ref, etc.’ as the most updated drug information (28.4%), followed by ‘Drug package insert or Physician Desk Reference (PDR)’ (17.7%). For doctors in clinics, drug safety information channel was mainly form ‘manufacturer’s documents or promotions’. However, for doctors in medical centers were mainly from ‘The medical newsletter inside hospital’. Most of the doctors (47.8%) received drug package inserts from the ‘Company’s personnel’, followed by ‘The pharmacist’'' (26.1%). Most of doctors (66.4%) have known that drug package insert need “the governments’ verification”. And the doctors were satisfied with drug package insert, but relatively unsatisfied about the updated speed of drug package insert. No matter brand name drug or generic name drug, doctors considered the content credibility of the drug package insert of English edition significantly higher than that of Chinese edition. ‘The content of regarding drug safety’ was considered to be the most important part in the package insert(68.8%) and need to be updated more efficiently (63.9%). The content of the drug package insert used most frequently was ‘the drug-use materials’ (53.6%). Most of the doctors answered the changes and updates of the drug package insert for a drug through ‘manufacturer''s documents or promotions’ in clinics and ‘the medical newsletter inside hospital’ in medical centers.
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CHOU, LI-FEN, and 周莉芬. "A Study On The Process Of Recreational Drug Abuse Of Homosxeual Drug Addicts." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49432582120149840113.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
104
This study was designed by interviews with gay drug abusers, understand their life course development and further explore important life event, a turning point in how the effects of exposure to drug abuse and the development of the course of medication, medication type and its physical and mental effects and influence, Comrade identity and the formation of the identity of the drug addicts and evolution. This study used qualitative research methods through semi-structured in depth interviews of data collection. Source study using snowball the way to close the case. The study sample was ever used recreational drug but has stopped using the drug for at least six months, a total of four interviews. Study found that gay men experience early in life does not appear serious discrepancies or criminal behavior, but the growth process and the role of environment, coupled with the occurrence of the conditions involved in drug activity recency of behavior that prompted the drug; the main reason for the drug have begun to taste curiosity, adventure, sex and negative pressure to the emotional world; the drug source for friends, friends, sex object provides; first drug experience has a crucial impact on the course of drug development, drug experience negative behavior leads to drug interruption, the positive experience of drug use behavior sustainable development. Medication history showing the flow of circulation, into the prison sentences, changes in living conditions resulting in the course of interruption; emotional dependency desire, life stress and environmental changes and other factors re-multiplexing; awakening and significant others of self-awareness support, criminal justice intervention led to the suspension of medication. Multiple drug use is mainly characterized mainly used drugs Ecstasy, Ketamine, Amphetamines, GHB, in addition to the single agent appeared at the same time mixing the drug situation, different drugs have different efficacy and side effects; and consolidation of the drug lead to risky sexual behavior while infected with HIV. Interviews were acceptable to all of the gay identity and self-identity, and the identity of gay men and drug use behavior two separate issues. Medication history in various stages of different risk factors exist, because by the time the way life should affect the individual state. Study recommendations for drug abuse cases should understand the reasons behind their medication, in order to identify risk factors associated with drug use leads to personal; drug abuse prevention and control should be more careful of advocacy; advocacy of safe sex.
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Ning, Peng Wei, and 彭瑋寧. "An exploratory study on drug using and attachment relationship in illicit drug abusers." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81992729214414926420.
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碩士長庚大學
臨床行為科學研究所
94
Illegal Drug use has apparently become a serious problem in our society. The reasons that people become illegal drug users are still unclear. According to the extant literature, Behavioral approach suggests drug addiction is due to chemical substances conditioning. Another approach, Psychoanalysis argues that addiction is a symptom exhibiting underlying personality problems. Besides these previous approaches, attachment theory is valuable in describing the addiction phenomenon because clinical observation shows drug abusers mostly have obstacles in interpersonal relationships. One of the possible explanation is this population might have insecure attachment styles in their early child- parent relationships. Due to the lack of research in attachment approach, we intended to investigate the attachment styles of illicit drug abusers in Drug Abuse Treatment Center. The attachment styles were investigated with Relationship Questionnaire for phase of early childhood, phase of the first time using drugs and phase of the last time using drugs. The investigations in phases of the first time using drugs and of the last time using drugs included the sorts of drugs, the frequencies of drug using, reasons for using drugs, and the severity of dependence. The results showed significant difference between phases of the first time using drugs and in phase of the last time using drugs. As time of using drug went by, users tend to change amphetamine to heroin, to increase the frequency of drug using, and to use drugs mostly for curiosity to decreasing negative emotions. Evidence didn’t support poor attachment relationships in their early childhood. However, attachment quality had debased in phase of the first time using drugs. There was no difference between the phase of the first time using drugs and phase of the last time using drugs in attachment quality. Participants who had insecure attachment style in phase of early childhood appeared higher frequencies of drug using in phase of the first time using drugs. They prone to choose heroin and to use drugs to release negative emotions in the phase of the first time using drugs. In conclusion, the present study suggested illicit drug abusers did not have poorer attachment relationships in phase of early childhood. Nevertheless, attachment quality had debased in phase of the first time using drugs. In addition, using correlational analysis by attachment and drug using revealed significant correlations within certain measures.
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Su, Chih-Chiang, and 蘇志強. "The Relationship between Treatment Process and Drug Rchabilitation Effect A Study of Drug Abusers in Kaohsiung Drug Abuser Treatment Center." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61525057179848873614.
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Lin, Jia-Rong, and 林佳蓉. "The Study on Female Drug Abusers' Risk Perception of Drug Abuse and Related Factors." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28966144863065474185.
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碩士玄奘大學
應用心理學系碩士班
100
Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships of illicit drug-used behaviors, risk perception, craving, and intention to relapse by female illicit drug abusers. Materials and methods：The study analyzed quantitative data from administered 213 illicit drug-abusing women in Kaohsiung women’s prison. The scale involved basic informations, drug-used behaviors, perception about risk of infection, danger behaviors of injecting, drugs carving, and intention to relapse. Results：The main findings showed as follows：(1) Most female illicit drug abusers used amphetamine at the first time, and the main reason of using illicit drug was curiosity. They would stop using illicit drug by influence of family and hoping to have a new life. (2) The factors which could forecast danger behaviors of injecting involved intensity of using betel nut, numbers of relatives who used illicit drug, and the arrested age. The factors which could forecast intention to relapse involved drug carving, the numbers of entering drug abstention and treatment center, and intensity of using betel nut. (3) An intramuscular injector’s perception about risk of infection was lower than taking by nose. An intravenous injector’s perception about risk of injecting was lower than taking by mouse or nose. Drug abusers who sold illicit drugs had higher intention to relapse. (4) Numbers of accusation, the age of using drugs at the first time, the arrested age, and drug efficacy could discriminate between using single and multiple drugs. Intensity of using betel nut, social influence, perception about risk of injecting, the age of using drugs at the first time, the arrested age, and numbers of families who used illicit drug could discriminate between different ways of taking illicit drugs.
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Bailey, Karen Renee. "An experiental case study of drug-taking." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3299.
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Five semi-structured interviews were held with key informants of various organisations both on and off campus in order to gain an understanding of the context of drug-taking by university students in Pietermaritzburg. Thereafter, an holistic, single case study was undertaken to describe and explain significant predisposing, precipitating and maintaining factors present in an experiential analysis of a university student's drug-taking. Two semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted in collaboration with Rory, and a diary was written by him for the duration of one month. He also submitted a poem which he previously wrote, as well as a letter addressed to himself, both which reflected on his experiences of drug-taking. The data was subsequently intertwined with a brief review ofthe literature as well as with the theories ofUrie Bronfenbrenner, Albert Bandura and Erik Erikson, in order to interpret and understand the data meaningfully. Authoritarian parenting style, poor family functioning, parental values regarding drinking, and lack of positive father-son interaction appear to have predisposed Rory to start drinking and taking drugs. Rory's sense ofidentity confusion, peer models ofdrinking and taking drugs, and lack of parental monitoring seem to have precipitated Rory's drug-taking. His continued association with drug-using peer groups, his search for a sense ofbelonging following his parents' divorce, permissive parenting style, as well as the availability and pleasurable effects of drugs have maintained his drug-taking. Experiential case studies can play a positive role in generating future conceptual frameworks to understand drug-taking, to prevent drug use, and to effectively treat drug-taking individuals. The Ecological Theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner The Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura The Psychosocial Theory of Erik H. Erikson 8 12 16 18 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 An Understanding of the Context The Student Counselling Centre The Campus Health Centre South Mrican National Council for Alcoholism South Mrican Narcotics Bureau A University ResidenceThesis (M.A.)- University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.
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Lee, Kai, and 李凱. "A platform study of ophthalmic drug development." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14901120807951014870.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
生物藥學研究所
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Eyes are an important visual organ in our human life. They are always exposed in the atmosphere which are likely to react with pathogen, bacteria, virus and allergen. It is important that the epithelium plays a role in immune defense and maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of the ocular surface. The cornea and conjunctiva share many of the basic features including act as a physical barrier-tight junction, to serving as a protective barrier from the environmental microbes. In addition, they secrete various types of antivirus and antimicrobial peptides including defensin, cathelicidin to kill the microbial pathogen. On the other hand, the development of an ocular allergy is characterized by topical and constitutive antigen (e.g. pollen, house dust mite) sensitization, antigen is uptaked by dendritic cell in the sustantia propria and presented to T cell in the draining lymph node, and initiate an immune response. Allergic conjunctivitis is a classical Th2 ocular surface immune disorder. The immediate hypersensitivity associated with this disease is characterized by allergen-mediated cross-linking of IgE on mast cells, leading to degranulation and release of mediators, including histamine, tryptase, leukotrienes, cytokines, and platelet-activating factors. These mediators stimulate nerve endings, dilate blood vessels, and recruit inflammatory cells to the reaction site, cause clinical symptoms such as redness, tearing and itching. The late phase of this disease is associated with an accumulation of inflammatory cells in the conjunctiva such as T cell and eosinophil. Cytokines and chemokines including IL-4、IL13、TSLP、MIP-1α、eotaxin play a key role in driving the late-phase reaction. Moreover, some molecules have immunomodulatory activity also take part in the immune response. IDO and TGF-β both serve as a immunesuppressive activity, provide some modulatory effects in immune response. Here, we would likely to develop a system to elucidate the antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Chinese herbs, using human corneal epithelial cell line as a platform. Our results show that DisPoPS upregulates the gene expression of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin while AsRaPS and DeCaPS downregulate the gene expression of defensin. On the other hand, AsRaPS upregulates the gene expression of IDO and DisPoPS slightly upregulates the gene expression of TGF-β. It means that polysaccharides provide immunomodulatory activities in corneal epithelial cell. Moreover, we use ragweed pollen induce allergic conjunctivitis as our in vivo model. Treatment with DeCaPS inhibits the lymphocyte infiltration in conjunctiva. This phenomenon is also observed in ovariectomized allergic conjunctivitis mice, and lowers the IgE level in serum. We predict the mechanism of inhibitory effect related to the number of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells increase in blood in treatment groups, suppose the number of tolerigenic cells increase and inhibit the allergic response. In addition, analysis of intestinal epithelial cells shows that DeCaPS upregulate the gene expression of immunosuppressive protein TGF-β and IL-10, gives us a possible mechanism of changing the microenvironment of the mucosal system in DeCaPS treatment.
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LIAO, HUI-MIN, and 廖慧敏. "Study on topical drug delivery of liposomes." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28854762251402903607.
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Shin, Ya-Ju, and 石雅如. "A study of drug problem in Colombia." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38878591692440071441.
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