Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drug selection

Academic literature on the topic 'Drug selection'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Drug selection"

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Podrid, P. J. "Antiarrhythmic Drug Selection." Annual Review of Medicine 38, no. 1 (February 1987): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.000245.

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Klunker, W. "Boenninghausen's drug selection." British Homoeopathic journal 85, no. 1 (January 1996): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(96)80038-x.

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Crumrine, Patricia K. "Antiepileptic Drug Selection in Pediatric Epilepsy." Journal of Child Neurology 17, no. 2_suppl (February 2002): 2S2–2S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738020170020701.

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This review article presents information concerning treatment options for various pediatric epilepsy syndromes. The decisions made in the selection of antiepileptic drugs are determined by a number of variables that include, but are exclusive of, risk of seizure recurrence, patient age, epilepsy syndrome, known drug reactions, and prognosis of the epilepsy syndrome. The review discusses issues pertinent to antiepileptic drug selection including simple pharmacokinetic principles, antiepileptic drug formulations, and information concerning clinical studies using some of the antiepileptic drugs. Information is provided concerning the issues of seizure recurrence. Suggested paradigms for antiepileptic drug selection for partial seizures are provided. A table of antiepileptic drug costs is provided for assistance in prescribing and advising families. Psychosocial issues pertinent to the treatment of children are discussed. (J Child Neurol 2002;17:2S2—2S8).
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Brook, Robert D. "Drug selection in hypertension." ACC Current Journal Review 13, no. 12 (December 2004): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accreview.2004.11.003.

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Mitchell, Aaron Philip, Aaron Winn, and Stacie Dusetzina. "Pharmaceutical industry payments and oncologist drug selection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 6510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6510.

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6510 Background: Financial relationships between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry are common, and have the potential to influence clinical practice in potentially inappropriate ways. Oncology may be an ideal setting to study the influence of industry payments on physician drug choice given the high levels of competition for market share and high prices commanded by orally administered oncologic drugs. Methods: We linked the Open Payments database of industry-physician financial transactions with the Medicare Part D Prescriber file by physician name and practice location. We used McFadden’s conditional logit model to determine whether receipt of industry payments was associated with higher odds of using a drug manufactured by the same company. We applied this model to clinical scenarios in which oncologists may choose between multiple, on-patent drugs: metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) (sunitinib, sorafenib, and pazopanib) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib). The primary, binary independent variable was receipt of payments from a manufacturer of one of these drugs in 2013; the primary dependent variable was choosing that manufacturer’s drug in 2014. We divided industry payments into two categories, research payments and non-research “general” payments (including meals, travel, lodging, and speaking/consulting fees), and analyzed each payment type separately. Results: Physicians who received general payments from a manufacturer had increased odds of prescribing that manufacturer’s drug for both mRCC (OR: 1.78, 95%CI 1.23-2.57, mean payments $566) and CML (OR: 1.29, 95%CI 1.13-1.48, mean payments $166). Research payments were associated with an increased odds of manufacturer drug use for mRCC (OR: 2.13, 95%CI 1.13-4.00, mean payments $33,391) but not CML (OR: 1.10, 95%CI 0.83-1.45, mean payments $185,763). Conclusions: Receipt of general payments from pharmaceutical companies is associated with increased prescribing of those companies’ drugs. An association between research payments and prescribing was less consistent. This study suggests that conflicts of interest with the pharmaceutical industry may influence oncologists in high-stakes treatment decisions for patients with cancer.
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sah, Sushilkumar, Dr AjayKumar Tiwari, and Prof B. Shrivastava. "FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: RATIONALE FOR DRUG SELECTION." International Journal of Advanced Research 4, no. 10 (October 31, 2016): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/1768.

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Lu, Da-Yong, and Ting-Ren Lu. "Drug sensitivity testing, a unique drug selection strategy." Advances in Biomarker Sciences and Technology 2 (2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abst.2020.11.001.

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Banerjee, Indrajit. "Concepts of P Drug Selection." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2013): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i1.8280.

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Personal (P) drug selection is an important part of the pharmacology teaching and learning session. Most of the textbooks that are commonly followed by the medical schools of Nepal merely tell about the concepts of P drug selection. Most of the time it is found that student cannot follow the concepts of P drug. Most of the literature that is available is in the international level, like international journals, guide to good prescription, teachers guide to good prescription etc. At the national level very few references are available. The activity of P drug selection can reduce the chances of irrational prescribing that is common problem in developing country like Nepal. Some of the important concepts regarding P Drug selection like it is a personal drug for a doctor and it is not for a patient, P drug is selected for a disease and not for a particular patient is also has been emphasized in this paper.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i1.8280 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2013;3 (1): 226-229
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Knowles, Jonathan, and Gianni Gromo. "Target selection in drug discovery." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2, no. 1 (January 2003): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd986.

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Harrigan, P. Richard, and Christopher S. Alexander. "Selection of drug-resistant HIV." Trends in Microbiology 7, no. 3 (March 1999): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(99)01467-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drug selection"

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Grice, Christopher Martin. "Peptide aptamer selection for antifungal drug discovery and diagnostics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51495.

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The demand for more effective fungal diagnostics and therapeutics is becoming increasingly urgent with increases in incidence of fungal diseases, antifungal resistance and lack of rapid diagnosis resulting in high mortality rates. The research described in this thesis evaluates the Aspergillus fumigatus pH-signalling receptor PalH (which non-redundantly regulates processing of the transcription factor PacC, and is essential for pathogenicity), as a viable therapeutic target. To assess intracellular modulation of PalH functionality, a novel proof-of-principle library of peptide aptamers (PAs), constrained within an inert thioredoxin A (TrxA) scaffold, was constructed for the expression and isolation of anti-PalH PAs using a S. cerevisiae membrane two-hybrid (YMTH) assay. Three PAs demonstrating significant binding to PalH were recovered. In parallel, peptide antigens representing the four PalH surface exposed regions, were synthesised to permit the generation of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to PalH. Both anti-PalH PAs and anti-PalH mAbs were found to modulate PalH functionality towards a gain-of-function alkaline-mimicking phenotype. These findings demonstrate that therapeutic modalities having the ability to modulate PalH functionality, are accessible by such means and availability of such reagents can assist further characterisation of PalH mode of action. To gain insight into a proposed role for PalH oligomersation in pH signalling and pathogenicity, co-immunoprecipitation of differentially tagged PalH variants derived from A. nidulans diploid analysis, confirmed constitutive presence of an oligomer regardless of environmental pH. Finally, the YMTH assay was further exploited to isolate novel interactors of PalH which could serve as alternative therapeutic targets. The proteins CipC (antibiotic response-like protein), COMPASS complex subunit Sdc1, and a hypothetical protein, were isolated as PalH-interacting moieties impacting pH-dependent activities in A. fumigatus.
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Olofsson, Sara K. "Relation Between Drug Exposure and Selection of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7197.

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Eng, Jeffrey K. L. "Genetic selection by ivermectin on Onchocerca volvulus." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111844.

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Onchocerca volvulus is a parasitic filarial nematode responsible for human onchocerciasis, a disease commonly known as "River Blindness". Although there are no well documented cases of ivermectin resistance in O. volvulus, reports of suboptimal responses to ivermectin have appeared. The purpose of this thesis was to examine genetic polymorphisms in O. volvulus and to determine whether there was genetic evidence of ivermectin selection on O. volvulus genes. Analysis of 17 genes from O. volvulus was undertaken in two populations of worms, either from ivermectin-naive patients or from patients who had been repeatedly treated with ivermectin annually. In 14 of the genes no differences in genetic polymorphism were found (although polymorphisms were identified). However, chi square analysis (chi2=0.05) indicated significant differences in allele frequencies for a P-glycoprotein, a beta-tubulin and a putative dyf=8 gene. Analysis of the O. volvulusbeta-tubulin alleles identified three amino acid substitutions in the H3 region with ivermectin selection. Microtubules play a key structural role in the formation of neurons, and in ivermectin-resistant Haemonchus contortus, amphidial neurons show distorted microtubule bundles. Polymerization and depolymerization assays of the recombinant O. volvulus beta-tubulin alleles showed interesting differences between the polymerized tubulin using the two different alleles. It is speculated that similar differences could cause the disorganization of the microtubules identified in the amphidial neurons in ivermectin resistant H. contortus. In addition to the coding mutations, a 24 bp deletion in the adjacent intron to the H3 was detected. A PCR diagnostic assay was developed to genotype individual macro- and microfilariae. Further analyses were conducted to investigate the possibility of a direct relationship between ivermectin and beta-tubulin. Data obtained from equilibrium dialysis experiments indicated that BODIPY FL ivermectin bound to purified O. volvulus alpha- and beta-tubulins. More interesting, non-fluorescent ivermectin and taxol competed with the BODIPY FL ivermectin. The work presented in this thesis provides evidence of genetic selection by ivermectin on O. volvulus and suggests a putative binding site for ivermectin on tubulin. These data provide novel information on ivermectin selection in O. volvulus and on the possible involvement of tubulin in ivermectin resistance.
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Larsson, Sonny. "Mistletoes and Thionins : as Selection Models in Natural Products Drug Discovery." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7705.

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Nilsson, Annika. "Bacterial adaptation to novel selection pressures /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-192-X/.

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Kahatapitiya, Prathibha Chathurani. "Enrichment of skeletal muscle stem cell transplantation using chemotherapeutic drugs." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4050.

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The BCNU + O6benzylguanine (O6BG) driven selective enrichment strategy was first established for enhanced transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. This study describes a novel application of this BCNU + O6BG driven selective enrichment strategy in skeletal muscle stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, this study addresses the three main limitations observed in previously reported skeletal muscle stem cell transplantation strategies. Limitation of ineffective donor cells which lack the ability for successful engraftment was overcome by using a heterogeneous population of donor cells which are present during a normal skeletal muscle regeneration response. The limitation of donor cell death upon transplantation as a result of competition from the endogenous stem cells of the host muscles was overcome by elimination of host muscle stem cells with BCNU + O6BG treatment. Efficiency of elimination of host muscle stem cells was further demonstrated by the complete inhibition of a regeneration response up to 3 months in injured, BCNU + O6BG treated muscles. The limitation of localised engraftment as a result of intramuscular injection of donor cells was also addressed. The transplanted donor cells demonstrated the ability to migrate via systemic circulation. This characteristic of the donor cells would allow the transplantation of cells via intraarterial or intravenous delivery which would overcome the limitation of localised engraftment. Finally, application of the BCNU + O6BG driven selective enrichment strategy in skeletal muscle stem cell transplantation demonstrated enhanced engraftment. This is the first reported attempt of enhanced stem cell transplantation in a solid tissue achieved upon application of the BCNU + O6BG driven selective enrichment strategy. This study provides the basis for application of the BCNU + O6BG driven selective enrichment strategy in other tissues where stem cell transplantation is considered.
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Kahatapitiya, Prathibha Chathurani. "Enrichment of skeletal muscle stem cell transplantation using chemotherapeutic drugs." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4050.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
The BCNU + O6benzylguanine (O6BG) driven selective enrichment strategy was first established for enhanced transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. This study describes a novel application of this BCNU + O6BG driven selective enrichment strategy in skeletal muscle stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, this study addresses the three main limitations observed in previously reported skeletal muscle stem cell transplantation strategies. Limitation of ineffective donor cells which lack the ability for successful engraftment was overcome by using a heterogeneous population of donor cells which are present during a normal skeletal muscle regeneration response. The limitation of donor cell death upon transplantation as a result of competition from the endogenous stem cells of the host muscles was overcome by elimination of host muscle stem cells with BCNU + O6BG treatment. Efficiency of elimination of host muscle stem cells was further demonstrated by the complete inhibition of a regeneration response up to 3 months in injured, BCNU + O6BG treated muscles. The limitation of localised engraftment as a result of intramuscular injection of donor cells was also addressed. The transplanted donor cells demonstrated the ability to migrate via systemic circulation. This characteristic of the donor cells would allow the transplantation of cells via intraarterial or intravenous delivery which would overcome the limitation of localised engraftment. Finally, application of the BCNU + O6BG driven selective enrichment strategy in skeletal muscle stem cell transplantation demonstrated enhanced engraftment. This is the first reported attempt of enhanced stem cell transplantation in a solid tissue achieved upon application of the BCNU + O6BG driven selective enrichment strategy. This study provides the basis for application of the BCNU + O6BG driven selective enrichment strategy in other tissues where stem cell transplantation is considered.
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Njoroge, Joyce Muthoni. "Ivermectin selection and characterization of the life history traits of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda)." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23417.

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A stock "parent" (S) strain of the mouse parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus was exposed to increasing levels of ivermectin at the L4 stage for 15 generations. A Passage line was also developed from the parent strain parallel with the ivermectin selected line to control for the effects of rapid passage of the parasite from host to host during drug selection. A dose titration trial indicated 1.5 fold resistance had developed in the ivermectin selected strain at the 8th generation (IVM-8) both at the L4 and adult stage. A higher dose of drug was required to kill the L4 stage compared to the adults at generation 8. Additional selection pressure for 7 generations (IVM-15) did not change the resistance status of adult worms. The Passage strains (P-8 and P-15) remained susceptible to drug. The life history traits of the parent strain (S), the ivermectin selected (IVM-8 and IVM-15) and the Passage (P-8 and P-15) strains were then compared. Eight generations of selection with ivermectin (IVM-8) resulted in an increase in establishment 8 days post-infection (pi) but decreased egg output and worm burden over 4 months compared with strain S. However these effects were not seen after 15 generations of drug selection. The ivermectin selected strain (IVM-15) had similar establishment, egg production and worm burden as the parent strain (S). Establishment in strain P-8 was intermediate and not different from S or IVM-8 however 15 generations of passage (strain P-15) resulted in higher establishment and more rapid development to adult. This was also reflected in the net egg output and worm burden during the first month of infection. There were no differences in per capita fecundity among the five strains. Environmental pressure exerted by passage of H. polygyrus from host to host rather than ivermectin selection caused shifts in some life history traits of this nematode.
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Nalunkuma, Kazibwe Anne J. "Factors influencing the spread and selection of drug resistance in Human African Trypanosomiasis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/381/.

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A growing problem with drug resistance in Human African Trypanosomiasis has necessitated the implementation of screening programmes to monitor for its spread. This thesis describes the study of several factors that can influence the selection and propagation of drug resistance in T. brucei. Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by T. brucei gambiense and T. brucei rhodesiense. The few drugs used for the treatment of the disease are either toxic, cause severe side effects or suffer from parasite resistance. The T. brucei P2 transporter, which is encoded by the gene TbAT1, mediates uptake of melaminophenyl arsenicals and diamidines. Reduced P2 uptake is associated with drug resistance. A number of point mutations found in a laboratory derived melarsoprol resistant T. brucei stock (STIB 777R) allowed development of a PCR/RFLP based molecular method to identify resistance alleles. By 1999, 20-30% of patients treated in Omugo, NW Uganda were failing to respond to melarsoprol. PCR/RFLP analysis indicated that mutant alleles accounted for 58.5% of those in circulation. Melarsoprol was withdrawn in 2001 and by 2003 mutant TbAT1 alleles accounted for only 14% of those in circulation in NW Uganda. The current study aimed to determine the incidence of the PCR/Sfa NI TbAT1 mutant alleles in 2006, some five years after melarsoprol had been withdrawn as first-line treatment. Successful molecular analysis of 91 of 132 (68.9%) T. b. gambiense field isolates from Omugo and Moyo in NW Uganda indicated the presence of only TbAT1 wild type alleles. Mutant alleles thus appear to have disappeared. This may be the result of parasite fitness cost following the withdrawal of melarsoprol as a stage II first-line drug from Omugo health centre, Arua, since 2001. This apparent instability of TbAT1 mutants in the field may be exploited for rational or alternating use of melarsoprol and eflornithine (DFMO) to ensure a longer life for eflornithine, delaying the onset of resistance. Insight into the overall population structure of the T. b. gambiense from Omugo, Arua (N=54) and Moyo (N=17) was obtained using mini/microsatellite marker analysis. Genetic diversity was observed to be more intra than inter regional. Multilocus genotype data analysis revealed the Omugo, Arua, population was genetically distinct from the Moyo population (Nei’s genetic distance=0.176). The evidence indicated surprisingly little genetic exchange with an excess in homozygosity (Fis >0) and alleles in linkage disequilibrium (P<0.05) within the Omugo, trypanosome population. This excess in homozygosity may be due to population sub-structuring, trypanosome inbreeding, or migration of patients. The latter is likely occurring from the neighbouring T. b. gambiense endemic disease focus in Southern Sudan. The findings suggested that the T. b. gambiense from Arua is not panmictic, clonal or epidemic but there is some level of genetic exchange. The possibility that T. b. gambiense can infect animals raises the prospect that wild or domestic animals may act as a reservoir and that a veterinary link to gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis exists. Treatment of animals for babesiosis and trypanosomes with diminazene, uptake of which is mediated through TbAT1/P2 could select for P2-defective drug resistant trypanosomes, thereby threatening control of the human disease as well. Species detection by PCR for animal and human trypanosomes in dog isolates (N=190) from the tsetse fly endemic Jos Plataeu, Nigeria did not reveal T. b. gambiense, but multiple infections with T. brucei (95%), T. vivax (89%), and subspecies T. congolense forest (54%) and savannah (50%) were detected. The dogs were also infected with other parasites, including Babesia canis (22%) and Hepatozoon canis (16%). Multiple infections can make correct diagnosis difficult and the infections are likely to be missed by the less sensitive microscopy method. The trypanocidal action of the diamidine group of trypanocides, diminazene, pentamidine and furamidine (DB75) are principally mediated through the TbAT1/P2. In addition, pentamidine is taken up by two additional T. brucei transporters called High Affinity Pentamidine Transporter (HAPT1) and the Low Affinity Pentamidine Transporter (LAPT1). DB75 also has a secondary unknown route. Loss of TbAT1/P2 leads to significant resistance to DB75 and diminazene but not pentamidine. Identification of other markers of resistance is necessary to determine if other routes of drug entry do exist apart from P2 and whether these can be exploited for the delivery of new trypanocides into the trypanosomes. Adaptation of the T. brucei tbat1 knock-out cell line to higher concentrations of diminazene by in vitro selection for resistance led to loss of HAPT1. The resultant phenotype was similar to the previously characterised pentamidine resistant clone B48, but more resistant to diminazene and DB75. The adapted line was still capable of accumulating 1 µM radiolabelled diminazene suggesting both HAPT1 and LAPT1 as possible routes for diminazene uptake. Adaptation of the T. brucei tbat1 knock-out cell line to a high concentration of DB75 over the same 6 months period did not lead to increased resistance. Overall the project has confirmed an important role for tbat1/P2 in development of resistance to melarsoprol in the field. Importantly, it appears that removal of the selection pressure of melarsoprol leads to a loss of tbat1 alleles associated with resistance in a population of trypanosomes capable of genetic exchange in NW Uganda. Although evidence for a dog reservoir for T. b. gambiense in Nigeria was lacking in this study, a risk of selecting resistance in animals must remain high on any list of consideration. I have further shown that the diamidine drug, diminazene, used in veterinary medicine also appears to enter T. brucei via the HAPT1 transporter, as well as the P2 transporter. Loss of HAPT1 through selection with diminazene leads to high level pentamidine resistance, which could indicate a further risk in selection of human infectious trypanosomes also resistant to drugs like pentamidine.
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Pulido, Gomez Amalia. "Drug-Related Violence and Party Behavior: The Case of Candidate Selection in Mexico." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248489/.

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This dissertation examines how parties respond and adapt their behavior to political violence. Building a theoretical argument about strategic party behavior and party capture, I address the following questions: How do parties select and recruit their candidates in regions with high levels of violence and the pervasive presence of VNAs? Do parties respond to violence by selecting certain types of candidates who are more capable of fighting these organizations? Do parties react differently at different levels of government? And finally, how do VNSAs capture political selection across at different levels of government? I argue that in regions where there is high "uncertainty," candidate selection becomes highly important for both party leaders and DTOs. Second, I argue that as violence increases and the number of DTOs also, criminal organizations, as risk-averse actors, will capture candidate selection. I posit that as violence increases, there is a greater likelihood that candidates will have criminal connections. To test my theory, I use the case of Mexico. Violence in Mexico and the presence of criminal organizations across the country has experienced a great deal of variation since the 1990s. In Chapter 2, I find that violence affects the gubernatorial candidate selection of the PRI, PAN and PRD. In high violence states, parties select gubernatorial candidates with long experience in subnational politics compared to other types of experiences. In chapter 3, however, I find that at the municipal level not all the parties respond equally to violence. As a municipality becomes more violent, the PRI and PAN party leaders are more likely to select mayoral candidates who were either state or federal deputies or candidates who were both. In contrast, the PRD is likely to recruit state deputies as a function of violence, but not national deputies or candidates who were deputies at both the state and federal level. Interestingly, I find that as the municipality becomes more violent, party leaders are less likely to recruit inexperienced candidates. This result suggests that parties do indeed respond to levels of violence. Finally, in Chapter 5, I show that criminal organizations capture candidate selection to reduce uncertainty. As utility-maximizing actors, DTOs seek to influence the selection of candidates as a function of violence. At the state level, criminal organizations are more likely to capture candidate selection in states with the presence of multiple DTOs. Party capture is more likely to happen in states where more than one DTO are fighting to control the turf. I show that criminal organizations at the state level equally capture all parties. This finding reveals that DTOs are diversifying their political connections. While under the dominant party regime, they colluded with PRI officials, under the new political Mexican democratic configuration, DTOs are establishing other political relationships with different political parties.
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Books on the topic "Drug selection"

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Scotti, Marcus T., and Carolina L. Bellera, eds. Drug Target Selection and Validation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95895-4.

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Trottet, Lionel, and Howard Maibach, MD. Dermal Drug Selection and Development. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59504-7.

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Meeting, World Health Organization Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines. The selection and use of essential medicines. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.

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WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines. The selection and use of essential medicines. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.

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Patrick, Augustijns, and Brewster Marcus, eds. Solvent systems and their selection in pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. New York, NY: Springer, 2007.

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Masson, Alison. Generic substitution and prescription drug prices: Economic effects of state drug product selection laws. [Washington, D.C.?]: Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission, 1985.

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Simons, David R. Hypertension: A physician's guide to drug selection and use. Boulder, Colo. (1550 Baseline Rd., Boulder 80302): Keyed Reviews Publications, 1986.

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Venitz, J., and W. Sittner, eds. Appropriate Dose Selection — How to Optimize Clinical Drug Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49529-1.

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Parmeter, John E. Guide for the selection of drug detectors for law enforcement applications. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 2000.

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W, Murray Dale, Hannum D. W, National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.). Office of Law Enforcement Standards., National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Office of Science and Technology., and Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program (U.S.), eds. Guide for the selection of drug detectors for law enforcement applications. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drug selection"

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Talevi, Alan, and Carolina L. Bellera. "Drug Discovery Paradigms: Phenotypic-Based Drug Discovery." In Drug Target Selection and Validation, 25–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95895-4_2.

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Herrera-Acevedo, Chonny, Camilo Perdomo-Madrigal, José Alixandre de Sousa Luis, Luciana Scotti, and Marcus Tullius Scotti. "Drug Discovery Paradigms: Target-Based Drug Discovery." In Drug Target Selection and Validation, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95895-4_1.

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Gritsenko, Karina, Veronica Carullo, Timothy R. Deer, and Jason E. Pope. "Drug Selection for Intrathecal Drug Delivery." In Atlas of Implantable Therapies for Pain Management, 287–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2110-2_41.

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Deer, Timothy R. "Drug Selection for Intrathecal Drug Delivery." In Atlas of Implantable Therapies for Pain Management, 175–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88567-4_26.

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Trottet, Lionel, and Howard Maibach. "Dermal Drug Development Strategies." In Dermal Drug Selection and Development, 109–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59504-7_9.

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Ghosh, Mantu Kumar. "Sorbent Selection Guides." In HPLC Methods on Drug Analysis, 584–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76506-3_8.

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Wong, Andrea C., and Salim M. Hayek. "Intrathecal Drug Delivery: Medication Selection." In Advanced Procedures for Pain Management, 367–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68841-1_31.

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Hofmann, V., M. Berens, and G. Martz. "Drug Selection for Perioperative Chemotherapy." In Perioperative Chemotherapy, 40–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82432-6_5.

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Boothe, Dawn Merton. "Drug selection and dosing regimens." In Monitoring and Intervention for the Critically Ill Small Animal, 319–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118923870.ch18.

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Somberg, John C., and Vilma Torres. "Approaches to Drug Selection and Serial Drug Testing." In Cardiac Arrhythmias: New Therapeutic Drugs and Devices, 315–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2595-6_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drug selection"

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Mishra, Deependra, John Wang, Steven T. Wang, Qian Cao, Helena Hurbon, Walter Akers, and Mikhail Y. Berezin. "Selection of Hyperspectral Endmember Extraction Algorithm for Tumor Delineation in Animal Models." In Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/omp.2021.of2e.2.

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Marrero-Ponce, Yovani, Ricardo Marrero, Yunaimy Díaz, Gerardo Casañola-Martín, Milagros Bernal, Francisco Torrens, and Facundo Jimenez. "TOMOCOMD-CARDD Method in Early Drug Discoverybased Rational Drug Selection of Antifungal Agents." In The 12th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-12-01274.

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Mandal, Lakshmi, and Nanda Dulal Jana. "Automatic Kernel Selection of Support Vector Machine for Drug/Non-Drug Compounds Classification." In 2021 IEEE 18th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon52576.2021.9691528.

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Usta, Aybala, Muhammad Rahman, and Ramazan Asmatulu. "Synthesis, Stability and Selection Study of Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions Containing Nigella Sativa L. Essential Oil." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72205.

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Targeted drug delivery has a great importance in cancer treatment and is in interest of many scientists worldwide. Targeted drug delivery renders local treatment of cancerous cells possible without affecting healthy cells. Hydrogels are promising materials to be used in targeted drug delivery systems due to their biocompatible nature and injectable behaviors where they can be used to load drugs. However, considering that not all the drugs are water soluble, entrapment of some drugs into hydrogels is not practical in terms of poor drug solubility and burst drug release because of this. At this point, an oil phase can be considered as a drug carrying agent, and entrapment of this oil phase into hydrogel would make it possible for in-situ injection of dissolved drug in oil phase. Oil in water (O/W)-type nanoemulsions were prepared using black seed oil, which is known to cause apoptosis via p-53 dependent mechanism, water and Triton X-100, Span-80 surfactant combinations. Three different oil percentage and three different surfactant percentage were tested, and stability behaviors of nanoemulsions were investigated and compared. Dynamic light scattering analysis and zeta potential measurements were conducted for determination of particles sizes and surface charges of the nanoemulsions. The most stable nanoemulsion along with having smallest diameter and lowest polydispersity index (PDI) was used for further studies. Results indicated that using both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfactants together increased the stability of nanoemulsions compared to those using either of them.
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Chen, Tianhua, Pan Su, Changjing Shang, Richard Hill, Hengshan Zhang, and Qiang Shen. "Sentiment Classification of Drug Reviews Using Fuzzy-rough Feature Selection." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2019.8858916.

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"PREDICTING NEW HUMAN DRUG TARGETS BY USING FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUES." In International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003734501370142.

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Shobana, G., and DR N. Priya. "Cancer Drug Classification using Artificial Neural Network with Feature Selection." In 2021 Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicv50876.2021.9388542.

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Meng, Guo-Zheng Li; Hao-Hua, Mary Qu Yang, and Jack Y. Yang. "Asymmetric Bagging and Feature Selection for ActivitiesPrediction of Drug Molecules." In Second International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences (IMSCCS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imsccs.2007.4392587.

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Meng, Guo-Zheng Li; Hao-Hua, Mary Qu Yang, and Jack Y. Yang. "Asymmetric Bagging and Feature Selection for ActivitiesPrediction of Drug Molecules." In Second International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences (IMSCCS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imsccs.2007.89.

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Vasudevaraja, Varshini, Lijun Cheng, Sai Mounika Inavolu, and Milan Radovich. "Abstract 566: A pathway based drug selection for cancer precision medicine." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-566.

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Reports on the topic "Drug selection"

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Pauly, Mark, and Yuhui Zeng. Adverse Selection and the Challenges to Stand-Alone Prescription Drug Insurance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9919.

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Xue, Ding. Selection of Aptamers for CED-9/Bc1-2 Family Cell Death Regulators and Their Application in Study of Apoptosis Regulation and Drug Design for Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418718.

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Kidwell, David A>. Selecting the Best Drug-Test Procedures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419198.

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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.
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Stephen, Edward L. Identification and Selective Acquisition of Chemicals and Drugs for Antiviral Chemotherapy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb146411.

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Tang, Jiqin, Gong Zhang, Jinxiao Xing, Ying Yu, and Tao Han. Network Meta-analysis of Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Oral Liquid of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Children’s Hand-foot-mouth Disease：a protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0032.

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Review question / Objective: The type of study was clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The object of study is the patients with HFMD. There is no limit to gender and race. In the case of clear diagnosis standard, curative effect judgment standard and consistent baseline treatment, the experimental group was treated with pure oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine(A: Fuganlin oral liquid, B: huangzhihua oral liquid, C: Lanqin oral liquid, D: antiviral oral liquid, E: Huangqin oral liquid, F: Pudilan oral liquid, G: Shuanghuanglian oral liquid.)and the control group was treated with ribavirin or any oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine. The data were extracted by two researchers independently, cross checked and reviewed according to the pre-determined tables. The data extraction content is (1) Basic information (including the first author, published journal and year, research topic). (2) Relevant information (including number of cases, total number of cases, gender, age, intervention measures, course of treatment of the experimental group and the control group in the literature). (3) Design type and quality evaluation information of the included literature. (4) Outcome measures (effective rate, healing time of oral ulcer, regression time of hand and foot rash, regression time of fever, adverse reactions.). The seven traditional Chinese medicine oral liquids are comparable in clinical practice, but their actual clinical efficacy is lack of evidence-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the network meta-analysis method to integrate the clinical relevant evidence of direct and indirect comparative relationship, to make quantitative comprehensive statistical analysis and sequencing of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine with the same evidence body for the treatment of the disease, and then to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the efficacy and safety of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine to get the best treatment plan, so as to provide reference value and evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical optimization of drug selection. Condition being studied: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in pediatrics caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by persistent fever, hand foot rash, oral herpes, ulcers, etc. Because it is often found in preschool children, its immune system development is not perfect, so it is very vulnerable to infection by pathogens and epidemic diseases, resulting in rapid progress of the disease. A few patients will also have neurogenic pulmonary edema Meningitis, myocarditis and other serious complications even lead to death, so effectively improve the cure rate, shorten the course of disease, prevent the deterioration of the disease as the focus of the study. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the research of antiviral treatment. Many clinical practices have confirmed that oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively play the role of antiviral and improve the body's immunity.
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Haynes, Dr Edward, Chris Conyers, Dr Marc Kennedy, Roy Macarthur, Sam McGreig, and Dr John Walshaw. What is the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Selected Ready-to-Eat Foods? Food Standards Agency, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bsv485.

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This study was designed to get a broad estimate of the presence and the types of antimicrobial resistance genes across 52 simple ready-to-eat foods. It was also carried out to understand the benefits and drawbacks of using metagenomic sequencing, a fairly new technology, to study AMR genes. An antimicrobial is any substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. It includes antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. Given the relevant selective pressures, the bacteria itself can change and find ways to survive the effects of an antimicrobials. This results in the bacteria becoming resistant to the ‘killing’ effects of antimicrobials and is known as ‘antimicrobial resistance’. The more we use antimicrobials and antibiotics and the way that we use them can increase the chance that bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This is important as it can lead to infections that become more difficult to treat with drugs and poses a risk to the public health. T Addressing AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK Government which has led to the development of a new 20-year Vision for AMR and the 5-year National Action Plan (NAP), which runs until 2024. The NAP lays out how the UK will address the AMR challenge and takes a ‘One-Health’ approach which spans people, animals, agriculture, food and the environment. The NAP includes a specific section on the importance of better food safety to limit the contamination of foods and spread of AMR. This section emphasises the need to strengthen the evidence base for AMR and food safety through research, surveillance and promoting good practice across the food chain. The FSA is playing its part by continuing to fill evidence gaps on the role that food plays in AMR through the commissioning of research and surveillance. We are also promoting and improving UK food hygiene (‘4Cs’ messages) across the food chain that will help reduce exposure to AMR bacteria.
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Levin, Ilan, John W. Scott, Moshe Lapidot, and Moshe Reuveni. Fine mapping, functional analysis and pyramiding of genes controlling begomovirus resistance in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594406.bard.

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Abstract. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartitebegomovirus, is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes and poses increasing threat to tomato production worldwide. Because all accessions of the cultivated tomato are susceptible to these viruses, wild tomato species have become a valuable resource of resistance genes. QTL controlling resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses (Ty loci) were introgressed from several wild tomato species and mapped to the tomato genome. Additionally, a non-isogenic F₁diallel study demonstrated that several of these resistance sources may interact with each other, and in some cases generate hybrid plants displaying lower symptoms and higher fruit yield compared to their parental lines, while their respective resistance genes are not necessarily allelic. This suggests that pyramiding genes originating from different resistance sources can be effective in obtaining lines and cultivars which are highly resistant to begomoviruses. Molecular tools needed to test this hypothesis have been developed by our labs and can thus significantly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of begomovirus resistance and how to efficiently exploit them to develop wider and more durable resistance. Five non-allelic Ty loci with relatively major effects have been mapped to the tomato genome using molecular DNA markers, thereby establishing tools for efficient marker assisted selection, pyramiding of multiple genes, and map based gene cloning: Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4, and ty-5. This research focused on Ty-3 and Ty-4 due to their broad range of resistance to different begomoviruses, including ToMoV, and on ty-5 due to its exceptionally high level of resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses. Our aims were: (1) clone Ty-3, and fine map Ty-4 and Ty-5 genes, (2)introgress each gene into two backgroundsand develop semi isogenic lines harboring all possible combinations of the three genes while minimizing linkage-drag, (3) test the resulting lines, and F₁ hybrids made with them, for symptom severity and yield components, and (4) identify and functionally characterize candidate genes that map to chromosomal segments which harbor the resistance loci. During the course of this research we have: (1) found that the allelic Ty-1 and Ty-3 represent two alternative alleles of the gene coding DFDGD-RDRP; (2) found that ty-5is highly likely encoded by the messenger RNA surveillance factor PELOTA (validation is at progress with positive results); (3) continued the map-based cloning of Ty-4; (4) generated all possible gene combinations among Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5, including their F₁ counterparts, and tested them for TYLCV and ToMoV resistance; (5) found that the symptomless line TY172, carrying ty-5, also carries a novel allele of Ty-1 (termed Ty-1ⱽ). The main scientific and agricultural implications of this research are as follows: (1) We have developed recombination free DNA markers that will substantially facilitate the introgression of Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5 as well as their combinations; (2) We have identified the genes controlling TYLCV resistance at the Ty-1/Ty-3 and ty-5 loci, thus enabling an in-depth analyses of the mechanisms that facilitate begomovirus resistance; (3) Pyramiding of Ty resistance loci is highly effective in providing significantly higher TYLCV resistance.
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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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