Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drug screening

Academic literature on the topic 'Drug screening'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Drug screening"

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DUPONT, ROBERT L. "Drug Screening." Pediatrics 85, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.2.233.

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To the Editor.— The joint report of the committee on Adolescence, the Committee on Bioethics, and the Provisional Committee on Substance Abuse (Pediatrics 1989;84:396-398) appears to miss the mark by a wide margin. Drugs and kids are a bad combination. Those of us concerned about children and youth need to work to help them grow up drug free. Screening for drug use is no more a violation of privacy than is screening for diabetes or tuberculosis.
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SCHWARTZ, RICHARD H., and VLADIMIR TSESIS. "Drug Screening." Pediatrics 85, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.2.232.

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To the Editor.— We are writing to express our strong opposition to the recently published American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) position paper concerning drug screening of adolescents (Pediatrics 1989;84:396-398). The improved accuracy and widespread use of urine tests for drugs of abuse has been one of the most significant advances in the diagnosis and management of diseases of addiction. Tests for drugs of abuse furnish objective evidence of exposure to illicit drugs—evidence that is difficult or impossible to obtain by any other means.
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TOLMAS, HYMAN C. "Drug Screening." Pediatrics 85, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.2.233a.

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To the Editor.— I was dismayed and disappointed by the recommendations of the three committees responsible for the policy statement regarding drug screening, and I believe that they have failed to take into consideration the feelings of the general membership. The small print disclaimer on page 396 hardly equalizes the variations from stated policy for those who feel differently. Although I agree with many of the facts as stated, I believe the Committees have been remiss in not weighing some of the realistic aspects of this most important problem that plagues our youth and society in general.
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FOST, NORMAN, S. KENNETH SCHONBERG, and MANUEL SCHYDLOWER. "Drug Screening." Pediatrics 85, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.2.233b.

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In Reply.— The writers raise a number of issues involving process, fact, and ethics. We can only respond to a few of the main points. Regarding process, a major impetus for the statement was requests from private practitioners seeking the Academy's support to help them resist demands, from school districts and parents, that they screen athletes and patients surreptitiously. There was extensive involvement by private practitioners in the writing, review, and approval of the statement by three committees, the Council on Child and Adolescent health, and the Executive Board, which is comprised predominantly of private practitioners.
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MILMAN, DORIS H. "Drug Screening." Pediatrics 85, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.2.231.

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To the Editor.— The Committee on Adolescence and its adjunctive committees' recently published statement (Pediatrics 1989;84:396-398) concerning drug screening, of signal importance in its subject and obviously earnest in its intent, is somewhat disappointing in its content. With respect to the points made as recommendations, only the first is unexceptionable; the rest appear to be illogical, or self-contradictory, or poorly stated, or aimed at reconciling irreconcilable differences among the various participants, or all of the above.
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&NA;. "Drug Screening." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 30, no. 10 (October 1988): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198810000-00001.

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Liang, Qiying, Peng Ma, Qi Zhang, Youjie Yin, Ping Wang, Saifei Wang, Yao Zhang, Ruolei Han, and Hansong Deng. "A gum Arabic assisted sustainable drug delivery system for adult Drosophila." Biology Open 9, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): bio052241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.052241.

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ABSTRACTLarge-scale compound screening in adult flies is hampered by the lack of continuous drug delivery systems and poor solubility of numerous compounds. Here we found that gum Arabic (Acacia/Senegal gum), a widely used stabilizer, can also emulsify lipophilic compounds and profoundly increase their accessibility to target tissues in Drosophila and mice. We further developed a gum Arabic-based drug delivery system, wherein the drug was ground into gum Arabic and emulsified in liquid food fed to flies by siphoning through a U-shape glass capillary. This system did not affect food intake nor cell viability. Since drugs were continuously delivered by siphoning, minimal compound waste and less frequent food changes make this system ideal for large-scale long-term screenings. In our pilot screening for antitumor drugs in the NCI DTP library, we used a Drosophila model of colorectal cancer and identified two drugs that are especially hydrophobic and were not identified in previous screenings. Our data demonstrated that gum Arabic facilitates drug delivery in animal models and the system is suitable for long-term high-throughput drug screening in Drosophila. This system would accelerate drug discovery for chronic and cognitive conditions.
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Sundar, Kothandapani. "Quorum Sensing Based Drug Screening Against Vibrio Cholerae." Journal of Microbes and Research 1, no. 1 (November 28, 2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-2187/001.

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The QS method is a means of bacterial cell-to-cell communication, which uses extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers to transmit information between cells.Bacteria can use QS to collaborate on tasks. The pathogen Vibrio cholerae uses QS to inhibit the development of virulence factors and the formation of biofilms. Cholera is caused by the Gram-negative, curved bacteria Vibrio cholerae (Clemens et al., 2017). There are also a number of virulence components produced by this disease, including cholera hemolysin (CH), toxin-co-regulated pilus (TCP), flagellum, etc. By constraining the target protein, HapR, with adequate bioactive compounds, the pathogenic activity of in vibrio cholerae can be suppressed.Bioactive substances from various natural food sources were chosen and analysed for their quorum quenching effect against HapR protein utilising bioinformatics methods. The in-silico analysis produced notable results for thirteen of the 25 substances evaluated, with the best docking score. These chemicals could be employed for QSI-based therapeutics against vibrio cholerae infections and could be suggested for in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Schulberg, Mark, and Dimitri Gerostamoulos. "Urinary drug screening." Australian Prescriber 36, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2013.051.

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Jekelis, Albert. "Urine Drug Screening." Diagnostic Innovation 11, no. 3 (November 2001): 18???22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00024666-200111000-00004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drug screening"

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Wolbers, Floor. "Apoptosis chip for drug screening." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2007. http://doc.utwente.nl/57881.

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Larson, Joeanna Lee. "Perinatal Drug Abuse Intervention: Policy Development for Drug Screening." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2555.

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Perinatal drug abuse is becoming a profound issue facing the health and wellbeing of neonates. The community serviced by the project site, which lies within the boundaries of an Indian Reservation, suffers from perinatal drug abuse at a higher rate than state and federal averages. The purpose of this project was to provide the project site with a policy to consistently screen for perinatal drug abuse. Lave's theory of situational learning and the Sanford Way model for quality improvement framed this project. To guide policy development, data were compiled through a systematic review of current literature, national and state guidelines, state law, local tribal government, and community stakeholders. Data included: (a) studies completed in the past 10 years specifically targeting drug abuse in child-bearing aged women, with intentional exclusion of tobacco and alcohol studies; (b) prevalence of illicit drug abuse in child bearing aged women at a local, state, and national levels; and (c) local, state, and national guidelines, as well as state law, for perinatal drug abuse intervention and screening. In addition, interviews and meetings with local stakeholders were completed and their feedback was incorporated into the development of the perinatal drug abuse screening and intervention policy. To evaluate policy effectiveness, it is proposed that perinatal drug screens ordered at the project site be monitored for six months prior to and after implementation of the new policy. The desired outcome will be that providers consistently intervene with perinatal drug abuse in a non-biased fashion. This quality improvement project will create a positive social change by allowing non-biased intervention with perinatal drug abuse using evidence-based practice and by promoting nursing-driven policy development.
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Guimaraes, A. "Screening molecular interactions for drug discovery." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1389941/.

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In biological systems, many proteins have specific binding sites for small-molecules or other proteins critical for their activity and function. Discovery of small-molecules that inhibit such protein interactions is useful in understanding and controlling protein function in disease. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1) is a heterodimeric transcription factor and its C-terminal activation domain (CTAD) interacts with the CH1 domain of p300 forming a complex known to regulate many genes. Spectral variants of green fluorescent protein were fused to the CTAD and CH1 to monitor the interaction between these proteins. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between these two chromophores occurred when the complex formed. A homogeneous screening assay was then developed for small-molecules with potential to inhibit the formation of the CTAD-CH1 complex. As part of the assay validation, some new small-molecule inhibitors previously tested by an alternative heterogeneous assay were found to inhibit within the same 100-500 μM concentration range. The new homogenous assay has promising potential for high-throughput screening of large chemical libraries. Novobiocin, a member of the aminocoumarin family can act as an antibacterial or anticancer agent. The clinical use of this class of antibiotics has been limited due to their low water solubility, low activity against gram-negative bacteria, and toxicity against cancer. Glycosyltransferases have been established as important tools in new drug development and are used here to improve water solubility and cell uptake. Glycosylation can be achieved enzymatically or chemically. A mass spectrometry based high-throughput screening (HTS) method was developed and used to find novel glycosylated aminocoumarins generated using a panel of glycosyltransferases and native/non-native sugar donors. The novobiocin derivatives were also re-synthesized chemically. The MIC for novobiocin in a DNA gyrase assay was 1 μM, and the derivatives showed similar MICs. However against a panel of human cancer cell lines these derivatives showed more than twice the activity.
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Mavridis, Lazaros. "High throughput virtual drug screening using spherical harmonic molecular surface representations." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25936.

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Li, Yifan. "Optimal pool size for pooled drug screening." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104708.

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Pooled drug design is an important approach in modern, high-throughput pharmacology, in which a large library of compounds is scanned using automated means, in order to find drug combinations that are active against a given target. In order to minimize costs, it is important to decide on the pool size, i.e., the number of compounds which will be tested together. In this paper, we analyze the expected number of trials necessary to determine a winning combination, under the assumption that the compound library may also contain blockers, which will obscure the effect of a drug combination if present in the same pool. We establish formulas for the optimal pool size and show that, surprisingly, it is not affected by the amount of measurement noise. Finally, we present a Bayesian approach that can be used when the number of blockers is unknown. An important result is that using pool sizes greater than the number of desired targets is beneficial, for a large range of possible numbers of blockers.
Nous addressons le problème de la determination des groupes de substances chimiques pour obtenir des nouveaux traitements. Le but est d'automatiser l'analyse des librairies des larges librairies chimiques et pharmacologiques. L'hypothese de base est qu'il y a un groupe de substances qui ont un effect positif sur une certaine maladie, mais on doit l'identifier par l'analyse d'un très large groupe de substances. Dans ce groupe, il y a aussi des substances qui peuvent masquer l'effet désirable. Nous proposons une formule pour calculer le nombre optimal de substances qu'on devrait tester à la meme fois. La conclusion surprenante est que ce nombre ne depend pas des erreures qu'on fait dans les mesurements. Nous etablissons aussi le nombre de combinaisons qu'on devrait tester pour identifier le groupe desiré. Nouspresentons aussi une approche Bayesienne qu'on peut utiliser quand le nombre des substances bloquant l'effect desiré n'est pas connu.
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Pagnotta, Giorgia <1995&gt. "3D bioprinted organ models for drug screening." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10326/1/Pagnotta_Giorgia_tesi.pdf.

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In recent years, 3D bioprinting has emerged as an innovative and versatile technology able to produce in vitro models that resemble the native spatial organization of organ tissues, by employing or more bioinks composed of various types of cells suspended in hydrogels. Natural and semi-synthetic hydrogels are extensively used for 3D bioprinting models since they can mimic the natural composition of the tissues, they are biocompatible and bioactive with customizable mechanical properties, allowing to support cell growth. The possibility to tailor hydrogels mechanical properties by modifying the chemical structures to obtain photo-crosslinkable materials, while maintaining their biocompatibility and biomimicry, make their use versatile and suitable to simulate a broad spectrum of physiological features. In this PhD Thesis, 3D bioprinted in vitro models with tailored mechanical properties and physiologically-like features were fabricated. AlgMa-based bioinks were employed to produce a living platform with gradient stiffness, with the aim to create an easy to handle and accessible biological tool to evaluate mechanobiology. In addition, GelMa, collagen and IPN of GelMa and collagen were used as bioinks to fabricate a proof-of-concept of 3D intestinal barrier, which include multiple cell components and multi-layered structure. A useful rheological guide to drive users to the selection of the suitable bioinks for 3D bioprinting and to correlate the model’s mechanical stability after crosslinking is proposed. In conclusion, a platform capable to reproduce models with physiological gradient stiffness was developed and the fabrication of 3D bioprinted intestinal models displaying a good hierarchical structure and cells composition was fully reported and successfully achieved. The good biological results obtained demonstrated that 3D bioprinting can be used for the fabrications of 3D models and that the mechanical properties of the external environment plays a key role on the cell pathways, viability and morphology.
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Baker, Nicola Louise. "Screening for new natural drugs and drug resistance determinants in African trypanosomiasis." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590629.

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Psaroudakis, G. "Virtual screening in drug design and model evaluation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422234.

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Harjes, Daniel I. "High throughput optical sensor arrays for drug screening." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38270.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.
Vita. Page 131 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130).
In the world of drug discovery, high throughput whole cell assays are a critical step in discovering therapeutically relevant drug compounds [1]. This report details the development of several novel sensor systems capable of detecting cellular ion flux in multi-well plate format. Optodes are employed as the primary sensors, which are an optically based ion selective polymer. These assays utilize both potassium and sodium selective optodes to provide real time measurements of extracellular ion concentration, which can yield extremely valuable information regarding compound induced cellular activity [2]. Individual assay formats have been specifically tailored for use with both adherent and suspended cell lines. For adherent cell lines, the optode based sensor system was evaluated using an HEK 293 cell model. To evoke cellular activity, the cells were exposed to Isoproterenol and Forskolin, which are known to elicit intracellular cyclic AMP production. The assay proved robust in detecting long term drug induced extracellular potassium flux. Ion flux magnitude was used to generate EC50 values of 1.185 nM and 66.5 nM for Isoproterenol and Forskolin, respectively. These values correlate closely with reported values that were attained with assays using intracellular calcium as the active biomarker [3-5].
(cont.) In a secondary application, a potassium optode based system was developed to screen for QT prorogating compounds, such as Haloperidol. Modem hERG screening protocols are relatively low throughput and expensive using existing commercially available patch clamping techniques [6]. The system described in this report offers a less expensive alternative technology that permits cells to operate under natural biological conditions. Test data indicates the system was able to detect 30% reductions in potassium flux magnitude from neonatal mouse cardiac Myocytes upon exposure to 2.0 uM Haloperidol. The changes in action potential properties were not detectable using transmitted light data alone.
by Daniel I. Harjes.
S.M.
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Campana, Matteo <1979&gt. "Anticancer drug screening from images of zebrafish embryogenesis." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2298/1/Campana_Matteo_Tesi.pdf.

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During the previous 10 years, global R&D expenditure in the pharmaceuticals and biotechnology sector has steadily increased, without a corresponding increase in output of new medicines. To address this situation, the biopharmaceutical industry's greatest need is to predict the failures at the earliest possible stage of the drug development process. A major key to reducing failures in drug screenings is the development and use of preclinical models that are more predictive of efficacy and safety in clinical trials. Further, relevant animal models are needed to allow a wider testing of novel hypotheses. Key to this is the developing, refining, and validating of complex animal models that directly link therapeutic targets to the phenotype of disease, allowing earlier prediction of human response to medicines and identification of safety biomarkers. Morehover, well-designed animal studies are essential to bridge the gap between test in cell cultures and people. Zebrafish is emerging, complementary to other models, as a powerful system for cancer studies and drugs discovery. We aim to investigate this research area designing a new preclinical cancer model based on the in vivo imaging of zebrafish embryogenesis. Technological advances in imaging have made it feasible to acquire nondestructive in vivo images of fluorescently labeled structures, such as cell nuclei and membranes, throughout early Zebrafishsh embryogenesis. This In vivo image-based investigation provides measurements for a large number of features at cellular level and events including nuclei movements, cells counting, and mitosis detection, thereby enabling the estimation of more significant parameters such as proliferation rate, highly relevant for investigating anticancer drug effects. In this work, we designed a standardized procedure for accessing drug activity at the cellular level in live zebrafish embryos. The procedure includes methodologies and tools that combine imaging and fully automated measurements of embryonic cell proliferation rate. We achieved proliferation rate estimation through the automatic classification and density measurement of epithelial enveloping layer and deep layer cells. Automatic embryonic cells classification provides the bases to measure the variability of relevant parameters, such as cell density, in different classes of cells and is finalized to the estimation of efficacy and selectivity of anticancer drugs. Through these methodologies we were able to evaluate and to measure in vivo the therapeutic potential and overall toxicity of Dbait and Irinotecan anticancer molecules. Results achieved on these anticancer molecules are presented and discussed; furthermore, extensive accuracy measurements are provided to investigate the robustness of the proposed procedure. Altogether, these observations indicate that zebrafish embryo can be a useful and cost-effective alternative to some mammalian models for the preclinical test of anticancer drugs and it might also provides, in the near future, opportunities to accelerate the process of drug discovery.
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Books on the topic "Drug screening"

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Taha, Mutasem Omar. Virtual screening. Croatia: Intech, 2012.

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1947-, Seethala Ramakrishna, and Fernandes P. B, eds. Handbook of drug screening. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001.

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National Institute on Drug Abuse., ed. Employee drug screening: Detection of drug use by urinalysis. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1986.

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Jörg, Hüser, ed. High-throughput screening in drug discovery. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2006.

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Drug bioscreening: Fundamentals of drug evaluation techniques in pharmacology. Flushing, N.Y: Graceway Pub. Co., 1985.

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Thompson, Emmanuel B. Drug bioscreening: Drug evaluation techniques in pharmacology. New York: VCH, 1990.

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1952-, Teicher Beverly A., and Andrews Paul A, eds. Anticancer drug development guide: Preclinical screening, clinical trials, and approval. 2nd ed. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2004.

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Washington (State). Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse., ed. Screening for alcohol and other drug use disorders. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Social & Health Services, Division of Alcohol & Substance Abuse, 2005.

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Peters, Roger H. Guideline for drug courts on screening and assessment. [United States]: [The Authors], 1998.

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United States. Dept. of Labor., ed. Drug screening yields "quality" employees for parts manufacturer. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Labor, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drug screening"

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Cummins, David Jesse. "Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery: Designing the Blockbuster Drug." In Screening, 69–114. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28014-6_4.

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Macolino-Kane, Christine M., John R. Ciallella, Christopher A. Lipinski, and Andrew G. Reaume. "Phenotypic Screening." In Drug Repositioning, 121–45. Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2017] | Series: Frontiers in Neurotherapeutics series: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315373669-7.

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Hughes-Oliver, Jacqueline M. "Pooling Experiments for Blood Screening and Drug Discovery." In Screening, 48–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28014-6_3.

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Sheinerman, F. "Chapter 6. Screening Technologies." In Drug Repurposing, 101–28. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839163401-00101.

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Narayan, Kartik, and Steven S. Carroll. "SPR Screening." In Applied Biophysics for Drug Discovery, 93–105. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119099512.ch6.

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"Screening for Drugs." In Quick Reference Guide to Pediatric Care, 1246–49. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581106220-part01-screening-drug.

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"Drug Screening." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology, 577. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57401-7_300185.

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"Drug Drug Pharmacological Response mRNA Response." In High Throughput Screening, 440–504. CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269802-23.

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"Drug Drug Pharmacological Response mRNA Response." In High Throughput Screening, 440–504. CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269802-23.

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"Drug Testing: Screening." In Toxicology, 189–204. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420042061-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drug screening"

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Fukunishi, Yoshifumi, Theodore E. Simos, and George Maroulis. "Structure-based Drug Screening and Ligand-Based Drug Screening Toward Protein-Compound Network." In COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: Theory and Computation: Old Problems and New Challenges. Lectures Presented at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Engineering 2007 (ICCMSE 2007): VOLUME 1. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2836070.

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Chen, Ying-Ting, Ren-Guei Wu, Chung-Shi Yang, and Fan-Gang Tseng. "Cocktail drug delivery chip for cancer drug screening." In TRANSDUCERS 2015 - 2015 18th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2015.7181028.

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Hagan, Daniel M., and Martin T. Hagan. "Virtual drug screening using neural networks." In 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2016.7727252.

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Kannam, Sridhar K., Matthew T. Downton, Natalie Gunn, Sung Cheol Kim, Priscilla R. Rogers, Christine Schieber, Julia S. Baldauf, et al. "Nanosensors for next generation drug screening." In SPIE Micro+Nano Materials, Devices, and Applications, edited by James Friend and H. Hoe Tan. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033737.

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Lin, Chen, and Zhou Xiaoxiao. "Optimizing Drug Screening with Machine Learning." In 2022 19th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccwamtip56608.2022.10016572.

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Favreau, Peter, Cheri Pasch, Dustin Deming, and Melissa Skala. "Autofluorescence metabolic drug screening in colorectal cancer spheroids." In Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/omp.2017.oms2d.4.

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Ma, Liang, Jeremy Barker, Changchun Zhou, Biaoyang Lin, and Wei Li. "A Perfused Two-Chamber System for Anticancer Drug Screening." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34326.

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A cell culture microfluidic device has been developed to test the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs while reproducing multi-organ interactions in vitro. Cells were cultured in separate chambers representing the liver and tumor. The two chambers were connected through a channel to mimick the blood flow. Glioblastoma (GBM) cancer cells (M059K) and hepatoma cells (HepG2) were cultured in the tumor and the liver chambers, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of cancer treatment drug Temolozomide (TMZ) was tested using this two chamber system. The experimental results showed that with the liver cells, the cancer cells showed much higher viability than those without the liver cells. This indicates that the liver metabolism has strong effect on the toxicity of the anticancer drug. The results demonstrated that the perfused two chamber cell culture system has the potential to be used as a platform for drug screening in a more physiologically realistic environment.
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Shou, Jingjing, Matthew Kalp, Paul R. Carey, P. M. Champion, and L. D. Ziegler. "The Application of Raman Microscopy in Drug Design and Drug Screening." In XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3482718.

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Jiang, Pengfei, Rajesh Mukthavaram, IlaSri Summitt, Ying Chao, Matthew Gallagher, Ryan Kim, Sandra Pastorino, and Santosh Kesari. "Abstract 3680: Drug screening for glioblastoma patients." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3680.

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Sánchez-Linares, Irene, Horacio Pérez-Sánchez, Ginés D. Guerrero, José M. Cecilia, and José M. García. "Accelerating multiple target drug screening on GPUs." In the 9th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2037509.2037523.

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Reports on the topic "Drug screening"

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McNeany, Karen I. USER S GUIDE FOR THE RANDOM DRUG SCREENING SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1154773.

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Yang, In H. Novel High-Throughput Drug Screening Platform for Chemotherapy-Induced Axonal Neuropathy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613177.

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Yang, In H. Novel High-Throughput Drug Screening Platform for Chemotherapy-Induced Axonal Neuropathy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581346.

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Bisoffi, Marco. Curcumin Based Drug Screening for Inhibitors of NF kappa B in a Cell Model of Prostate Cancer Progression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482629.

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Turpin, James A. Drug Development and Convervation of Biodiversity in West and Central Africa/in Vitro Antiviral Screening of Plant Extracts and Isolates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383151.

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Johnson, Corey, Colton James, Sarah Traughber, and Charles Walker. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Implications in Neostigmine versus Sugammadex. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0005.

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Purpose/Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complaint in the postoperative period, which can delay discharge, result in readmission, and increase cost for patients and facilities. Inducing paralysis is common in anesthesia, as is utilizing the drugs neostigmine and sugammadex as reversal agents for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Many studies are available that compare these two drugs to determine if neostigmine increases the risk of PONV over sugammadex. Sugammadex has a more favorable pharmacologic profile and may improve patient outcomes by reducing PONV. Methods: This review included screening a total of 39 studies and peer-reviewed articles that looked at patients undergoing general anesthesia who received non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers requiring either neostigmine or sugammadex for reversal, along with their respective PONV rates. 8 articles were included, while 31 articles were removed based on our exclusion criteria. These were published between 2014 and 2020 exclusively. The key words used were “neostigmine”, “sugammadex”, “PONV”, along with combinations “paralytic reversal agents and PONV”. This search was performed on the scholarly database MEDLINE. The data items were PONV rates in neostigmine group, PONV rates in sugammadex group, incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in neostigmine group, and incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in sugammadex group. Results: Despite numerical differences being noted in the incidence of PONV with sugammadex over reversal with neostigmine, there did not appear to be any statistically significant data in the multiple peer-reviewed trials included in our review, for not one of the 8 studies concluded that there was a higher incidence of PONV in one drug or the other of an y clinical relevance. Although the side-effect profile tended to be better in the sugammadex group than neostigmine in areas other than PONV, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that one drug was superior to the other in causing a direct reduction of PONV. Implications for Nursing Practice: There were variable but slight differences noted between both drug groups in PONV rates, but it remained that none of the studies determined it was statically significant or clinically conclusive. This review did, however, note other advantages to sugammadex over neostigmine, including its pharmacologic profile of more efficiently reversing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and its more favorable pharmacokinetics. This lack of statistically significant evidence found within these studies consequentially does not support pharmacologic decision-making of one drug in favor of the other for reducing PONV; therefore, PONV alone is not a sufficient rationale for a provider to justify using one reversal over another at the current time until further research proves otherwise.
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Ager, Arba L., and Jr. Screening and Evaluation of Experimental Antiparasitic Drugs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada240647.

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Ager Jr, Arba L. The Screening and Evaluation of Experimental Antiparasitic Drugs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238551.

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Cytryn, Eddie, Mark R. Liles, and Omer Frenkel. Mining multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria for biocontrol activity and biologically-active compounds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598174.bard.

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Control of agro-associated pathogens is becoming increasingly difficult due to increased resistance and mounting restrictions on chemical pesticides and antibiotics. Likewise, in veterinary and human environments, there is increasing resistance of pathogens to currently available antibiotics requiring discovery of novel antibiotic compounds. These drawbacks necessitate discovery and application of microorganisms that can be used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) and the isolation of novel biologically-active compounds. This highly-synergistic one year project implemented an innovative pipeline aimed at detecting BCAs and associated biologically-active compounds, which included: (A) isolation of multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria and root-associated bacteria from medicinal plants; (B) invitro screening of bacterial isolates against known plant, animal and human pathogens; (C) nextgeneration sequencing of isolates that displayed antagonistic activity against at least one of the model pathogens and (D) in-planta screening of promising BCAs in a model bean-Sclerotiumrolfsii system. The BCA genome data were examined for presence of: i) secondary metabolite encoding genes potentially linked to the anti-pathogenic activity of the isolates; and ii) rhizosphere competence-associated genes, associated with the capacity of microorganisms to successfully inhabit plant roots, and a prerequisite for the success of a soil amended BCA. Altogether, 56 phylogenetically-diverse isolates with bioactivity against bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens were identified. These strains were sent to Auburn University where bioassays against a panel of animal and human pathogens (including multi-drug resistant pathogenic strains such as A. baumannii 3806) were conducted. Nineteen isolates that showed substantial antagonistic activity against at least one of the screened pathogens were sequenced, assembled and subjected to bioinformatics analyses aimed at identifying secondary metabolite-encoding and rhizosphere competence-associated genes. The genome size of the bacteria ranged from 3.77 to 9.85 Mbp. All of the genomes were characterized by a plethora of secondary metabolite encoding genes including non-ribosomal peptide synthase, polyketidesynthases, lantipeptides, bacteriocins, terpenes and siderophores. While some of these genes were highly similar to documented genes, many were unique and therefore may encode for novel antagonistic compounds. Comparative genomic analysis of root-associated isolates with similar strains not isolated from root environments revealed genes encoding for several rhizospherecompetence- associated traits including urea utilization, chitin degradation, plant cell polymerdegradation, biofilm formation, mechanisms for iron, phosphorus and sulfur acquisition and antibiotic resistance. Our labs are currently writing a continuation of this feasibility study that proposes a unique pipeline for the detection of BCAs and biopesticides that can be used against phytopathogens. It will combine i) metabolomic screening of strains from our collection that contain unique secondary metabolite-encoding genes, in order to isolate novel antimicrobial compounds; ii) model plant-based experiments to assess the antagonistic capacities of selected BCAs toward selected phytopathogens; and iii) an innovative next-generation-sequencing based method to monitor the relative abundance and distribution of selected BCAs in field experiments in order to assess their persistence in natural agro-environments. We believe that this integrated approach will enable development of novel strains and compounds that can be used in large-scale operations.
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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Ultra-Fast Methods and Instrumentation for the Analysis of Hazardous Chemicals in the Food Supply. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699852.bard.

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Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop ultra-fast methods and instrumentation for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to veterinary drugs and other contaminants, and conduct fast and ultra-fast analyses using novel 5MB-MS instrumentation, ideally with real samples. Background to the topic: The international trade of agricultural food products is a $1.2 trill ion annual market and growing. Food safety is essential to human health, and chemical residue limits are legislated nationally and internationally. Analytical testing for residues is needed to conduct risk assessments and regulatory enforcement actions to ensure food safety and environmental health, among other important needs. Current monitoring methods are better than ever, but they are still too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive to meet the broad food testing needs of consumers, government, and industry. As a result, costs are high and only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. We need affordable, ultra-fast methods that attain high quality results for a wide range of chemicals. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: This is the third BARD grant shared between Prof. Amirav and Dr. Lehotay since 2000, and continual analytical improvements have been made in terms of speed, sample throughput, chemical scope, ease-of-use, and quality of results with respect to qualitative (screening and identification) and quantitative factors. The QuEChERS sample preparation approach, which was developed in conjunction with the BARD grant in 2002, has grown to currently become the most common pesticide residue method in the world. BARD funding has been instrumental to help Dr. Lehotay make refinements and expand QuEChERS concepts to additional applications, which has led to the commercialization of QuEChERS products by more than 20 companies worldwide. During the past 3 years, QuEChERS has been applied to multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drug residues in food animals, and it has been validated and implemented by USDA-FSIS. QuEChERS was also modified and validated for faster, easier, and better analysis of traditional and emerging environmental contaminants in food. Meanwhile, Prof. Amirav has commercialized the GC-MS with 5MB technology and other independent inventions, including the ChromatoProbe with Agilent, Bruker, and FUR Systems. A new method was developed for obtaining truly universal pesticide analysis, based on the use of GC-MS with 5MB. This method and instrument enables faster analysis with lower LaDs for extended range of pesticides and hazardous compounds. A new approach and device of Open Probe Fast GC-MS with 5MB was also developed that enable real time screening of limited number of target pesticides. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LaD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope. and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade. and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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