Journal articles: 'Drug safe use'

1

Kim, Su Hyun, Hye-Kyung Jung, Ein-Soon Shin, Jin Seo Lee, Yon Ju Ryu, Kyoung Sup Hong, Soo Mee Bang, et al. "Guidelines for Safe Drug Use." Korean Journal of Medicine 96, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2021.96.3.225.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background/Aims: In Korea, medications are available by prescription from a physician, or can be purchased over-the-counter (OTC) without a prescription. Education regarding both prescribed and OTC drugs is important to minimize side effects and avoid drug abuse. The risk of side effects due to polypharmacy is increasing due to the growing number of elderly patients with comorbidities.Methods: There are various clinical guidelines for physicians, but it is difficult for patients and their caregivers to find published guidelines regarding drug use. In this regard, experts from nine subspecialties of internal medicine, geriatric medicine, and guideline development methodology formed a working group to develop guidelines for safe drug use under the Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the Korean Association of Internal Medicine.Results: The main contents of this guideline are 1) safe and effective drug administration, 2) the proper use of analgesics (acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), 3) the proper use of tranquilizers and sleeping pills to prevent drug abuse, 4) points to be aware of when taking multiple medications.Conclusions: The guidelines were developed for patients and their caregivers to understand the general principles and precautions for drug use, including commonly used painkillers, mood stabilizers, sleeping pills, and polypharmacy. These guidelines could also be used as educational materials for physicians, nurses, and healthcare workers to educate patients and their caregivers.

2

Fainzang, Sylvie. "Discourse on Safe Drug Use." Drug Safety 33, no. 8 (August 2010): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11538320-000000000-00000.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Griffiths, Matt. "Safe use of drug trolleys." Nursing Standard 31, no. 12 (November 16, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.12.28.s25.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Watanabe, Shinichi. "Drug Information for Safe Use." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 134, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.13-00235-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bloomfield, Doni, Bryan S. Walsh, and Aaron S. Kesselheim. "Extending Drug Monopolies by Patenting Safe Drug Use." JAMA Internal Medicine 182, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7954.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Baker, Danial E. "Nonprescription Drug Safe Use Regulatory Expansion." Hospital Pharmacy 48, no. 6 (June 2013): 448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4806-448.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Aakansha Rajput. "Safe Use of Over-The-Counter (OTC) Drugs." Knowledgeable Research: A Multidisciplinary Journal 1, no. 06 (March 18, 2023): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.57067/pprt.2023.1.06.27-41.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Drugs that can be acquired over the counter (OTC) are those that do not require a prescription. Symptoms including headaches, colds, coughs, allergies, and other mild diseases are frequently treated with them. Because OTC drugs are frequently offered in drug shops, supermarkets, and online, many individuals may readily get them. The way we treat common health ailments has changed dramatically as a result of the availability of OTC drugs. People may just go into a shop and get the medication they require rather of having to schedule a visit with a doctor, wait for a prescription, and then travel to the pharmacy. OTC drugs are a common choice for many individuals because of their convenience. But, simply because a drug is accessible without a prescriptiondoes not mean it is completely safe. It is important to use OTC medications safely and effectively, and to be aware of potential risks and complications.

8

Duncan, Denise, and David Taylor. "Which antidepressants are safe to use in breast-feeding mothers?" Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 9 (September 1995): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.9.551.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

As postpartum depression can occur in up to 10% of mothers, antidepressants will often be required in mothers who are breast-feeding. The judicious use of antidepressants is important since all psychotropic drugs cross into the breast milk. Drug excretion into breast milk occurs primarily by passive diffusion. Small, highly lipid soluble, unionised drugs diffuse more rapidly than other drugs. It must be remembered, however, that for those drugs with a high volume of distribution, such as the highly lipid soluble drugs, most of the drug is outside the plasma compartment, leaving only a small proportion free to transport from plasma to milk. Also, most lipophilic drugs are concentrated in hind milk which is richer in fat than fore milk. All of the antidepressants are highly lipid soluble with large volumes of distribution.

9

G. Postema, Pieter, Jonas S. S. G. de Jong, and Arthur A. M. Wilde. "Drug Use in Brugada Syndrome: Safe or Avoid?" Journal of Arrhythmia 27, Supplement (2011): SY13_5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4020/jhrs.27.sy13_5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Yewale, Vijay N., and Dhanya Dharmapalan. "Promoting Appropriate Use of Drugs in Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/906570.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Promotion of appropriate and safe drugs in children is the need of the hour globally. Pediatric population by itself is a spectrum of different physiologies with significant variation in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Unfortunately, 50–90% of drugs used in children today have never been actually studied in this population, and the results of drug studies done in adults are often extrapolated for use in children. Many medicines in pediatrics are off label or unlicensed. There is a spurt in drug resistance due to the overzealous prescription of antimicrobials not indicated, such as, using inadequate dosage or duration of drug regime leading to partially treated infections, using the wrong antimicrobial due to ignorance of causative organism, and finally using indigenous, irrational combinations. Availability of properly labeled and safe pediatric formulations, regular audit by pharmacists, judicious prescriptions, proper counseling about drug administration, surveillance of adverse effects, and pediatric drug trials can be the best possible interventions to offer appropriate medicines to children and thereby save millions of lives.

11

Goñi, Oihane. "Antidepressant safe use, deprescription and switching guideline." Boletín de información farmacoterapéutica de Navarra 29, no. 4 (2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54095/bitn20212904en.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION Antidepressant use has increased over the past few years. Given the lack of evidence concerning differences in efficacy between the various antidepressants, it is important to understand the safety profile to ensure the safe use thereof. Antidepressant treatment typically lasts for too long, partly due to the absence of specific deprescription guidelines. An understanding of the best methods for switching between antidepressants, and the most suitable methods for deprescribing, may help to optimise the pharmacotherapy of depression. OBJECTIVES To establish suitable guidelines for the prescribing, switching, use and deprescribing of antidepressants. METHODS A search was carried out for clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews and bulletins to compile the evidence available regarding the correct use and deprescribing of antidepressants. The prescription database of the Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea (SNS-O) [Navarre Health Service] was used to obtain data regarding antidepressant use in Navarre. CONCLUSIONS When planning the treatment of depression it is necessary to consider, initially, whether the prescription of an antidepressant drug is actually indicated in that specific situation. Secondly, it is crucial to think about the characteristics and comorbidities of the patient when selecting the most appropriate drug. In this regard, before adding a new drug, pharmacotherapy must be optimised by increasing the dose, waiting for the appropriate amount of time and considering switching to another antidepressant. Finally, treatment must be reassessed periodically considering that such treatments are not for life and withdrawal of the drug gradually and with the patient’s consent should be evaluated to increase the likelihood of a successful withdrawal

12

Sas, E. I., and V. B. Grinevich. "Safe use of meloxicam in clinical practice." Medical Council, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-1-46-50.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – means of treatment of acute and chronic pain associated primarily with inflammatory changes, so this group of drugs is widely used in neurology, rheumatology, traumatology, etc. The mechanism of action of the drugs is associated with the effect on cyclooxygenase-2 (COG-2) and blockade of proinflammatory prostaglandins (PG) synthesis, as well as the effect on COG-1 and suppression of cytoprotective PG synthesis, which determines the possibility of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Now application of NPVP is focused not so much on increase of efficiency, as on their big safety. Creation of COG-2-selective inhibitors (meloxicam) and COG-2-high selective inhibitors (coxybes) allowed to reduce significantly the risk of complications from gastrointestinal tract while maintaining high efficiency. Thus, the safety profile of meloxicam, mainly inhibiting COG-2, is estimated in a whole series of studies. In particular, two large prospective controlled trials - MELISSA and SELECT - proved that meloxicam is less toxic to gastrointestinal tract than traditional NSAIDs. Thus, a reasonable conclusion can be made about the high efficacy of meloxicam, which is not inferior to that of non-selective NSAIDs, with good tolerability and safety of the drug against gastrointestinal tract.

13

Djumalieva, D., W. Imamshah, U. Wagner, and O. Razum. "Drug use and HIV risk in Trinidad and Tobago: qualitative study." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/09564620260216344.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Crack use is an important risk factor for HIV infection because of its association with unsafe sexual practices. We investigated factors promoting the initiation of crack cocaine use; the sexual behaviour of crack users; and their rehabilitation care seeking behaviour in Trinidad and Tobago. We conducted 40 indepth interviews with drug users. Respondents frequently reported a history of parental desertion, alcohol abuse, and physical abuse within the family. They perceived peer pressure and drug use in the family as important factors promoting first drug use. Exchanging sex for drugs was common, and practising oral sex was considered safe. Female drug users rarely seek rehabilitative care because of stigmatization and lack of care for their children. In Trinidad, attitudes towards drugs in society and families need to be changed. Campaigns promoting safer sex should emphasize the risk of oral sex. Rehabilitation facilities caring for female drug users should offer child care.

14

Lee, Todd C., André Bonnici, Robyn Tamblyn, and Emily G. McDonald. "Inpatient Z-drug use commonly exceeds safe dosing recommendations." PLOS ONE 12, no. 5 (May 16, 2017): e0177645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177645.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Currie, Craig J., and Tom M. MacDonald. "Use of Routine Healthcare Data in Safe and Cost-Effective Drug Use." Drug Safety 22, no. 2 (2000): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200022020-00002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Daly, Ann K. "Relevance of Pharmacogenomics to the Safe Use of Antimicrobials." Antibiotics 12, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030425.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

There has been widespread implementation of pharmacogenomic testing to inform drug prescribing in medical specialties such as oncology and cardiology. Progress in using pharmacogenomic tests when prescribing antimicrobials has been more limited, though a relatively large number of pharmacogenomic studies on aspects such as idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions have now been performed for this drug class. Currently, there are recommendations in place from either National Regulatory Agencies and/or specialist Pharmacogenomics Advisory Groups concerning genotyping for specific variants in MT-RNR1 and CYP2C19 before prescribing aminoglycosides and voriconazole, respectively. Numerous additional pharmacogenomic associations have been reported concerning antimicrobial-related idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions, particularly involving specific HLA alleles, but, to date, the cost-effectiveness of genotyping prior to prescription has not been confirmed. Polygenic risk score determination has been investigated to a more limited extent but currently suffers from important limitations. Despite limited progress to date, the future widespread adoption of preemptive genotyping and genome sequencing may provide pharmacogenomic data to prescribers that can be used to inform prescribing and increase the safe use of antimicrobials.

17

Taube, A. A., B. K. Romanov, E. V. Shubnikova, R. N. Alyautdin, M. V. Zhuravleva, O. A. Demidova, and E. Yu Demchenkova. "Aspects of the Safe Use of Antibacterial Drugs in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: the Implications of Drug-Drug Interactions." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 67, no. 3-4 (August 5, 2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-3-4-46-52.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background. Drug-drug interactions can seriously affect the safety profile of a drug and are an important problem worldwide. Due to the aging of the population, the increasing frequency of polypharmacy, as well as the spread of self-medication, adverse events that are difficult to identify may occur. It is hard to establish a causal relationship between the administration of a certain drug and the occurrence of an adverse event; it may also lead to the conversion of the adverse event into an adverse drug reaction. The risk of drug-drug interactions increases with combination therapy, as a result of misuse of a drug (off-label use), as well as in the absence of full disclosure from physician and patient about potential drug-drug interactions.One of the ways to detect an adverse reaction to a drug is a method of «spontaneous messages», when notification cards issued according to the regulated form are sent from subjects of drug circulation to the national centers for pharmacovigilance, then to the global database of the World Health Organization VigiBase.The aim of the work was a comprehensive analysis of the content compliance of the information presented in the instructions for the medical use of antibacterial drugs on potential drug-drug interactions with validated signals from the WHO global VigiBase database.Material and Methods. The study used information and analytical comparative non-quantitative, graphical, logical methods of analysis, as well as regression analysis. Objects of the study: instructions for medical use for international generic drugs ampicillin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, clarithromycin.Results. The contents of the instructions for use concerning possible interactions of ampicillin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, clarithromycin upon administration with other drugs were studied. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the obtained data on drug-drug interactions of antibiotics with other drugs was carried out with signals of drug-drug interactions were validated by VigiBase.Conclusion. The study showed that a detailed description of the risks of potential drug-drug interactions in the instructions for medical use with the aim of informing doctors, patients, and caregivers helps to prevent the use of undesirable combinations, thereby reducing the risk of adverse reactions when drugs are used together. The study found that most of the identified information on the safe use of drugs was missing in the instructions for medical use.

18

Taube, A. A., B. K. Romanov, E. V. Shubnikova, R. N. Alyautdin, M. V. Zhuravleva, O. A. Demidova, and E. Yu Demchenkova. "Aspects of the Safe Use of Antibacterial Drugs in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: the Implications of Drug-Drug Interactions." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 67, no. 3-4 (August 5, 2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-3-4-46-52.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background. Drug-drug interactions can seriously affect the safety profile of a drug and are an important problem worldwide. Due to the aging of the population, the increasing frequency of polypharmacy, as well as the spread of self-medication, adverse events that are difficult to identify may occur. It is hard to establish a causal relationship between the administration of a certain drug and the occurrence of an adverse event; it may also lead to the conversion of the adverse event into an adverse drug reaction. The risk of drug-drug interactions increases with combination therapy, as a result of misuse of a drug (off-label use), as well as in the absence of full disclosure from physician and patient about potential drug-drug interactions.One of the ways to detect an adverse reaction to a drug is a method of «spontaneous messages», when notification cards issued according to the regulated form are sent from subjects of drug circulation to the national centers for pharmacovigilance, then to the global database of the World Health Organization VigiBase.The aim of the work was a comprehensive analysis of the content compliance of the information presented in the instructions for the medical use of antibacterial drugs on potential drug-drug interactions with validated signals from the WHO global VigiBase database.Material and Methods. The study used information and analytical comparative non-quantitative, graphical, logical methods of analysis, as well as regression analysis. Objects of the study: instructions for medical use for international generic drugs ampicillin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, clarithromycin.Results. The contents of the instructions for use concerning possible interactions of ampicillin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, clarithromycin upon administration with other drugs were studied. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the obtained data on drug-drug interactions of antibiotics with other drugs was carried out with signals of drug-drug interactions were validated by VigiBase.Conclusion. The study showed that a detailed description of the risks of potential drug-drug interactions in the instructions for medical use with the aim of informing doctors, patients, and caregivers helps to prevent the use of undesirable combinations, thereby reducing the risk of adverse reactions when drugs are used together. The study found that most of the identified information on the safe use of drugs was missing in the instructions for medical use.

19

Whipple, Julianne K., Robert K. Ausman, and Edward J. Quebbeman. "Narcotic Use in the Hospital: Reasonably Safe?" Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 7-8 (July 1992): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600705.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To determine the causes and frequency of overdoses associated with the administration of opioid analgesics in hospitalized patients. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Two acute care teaching hospitals. PATIENTS: Eighty-one hospitalized patients who received naloxone for a clinically suspected narcotic overdose. INTERVENTIONS: Three investigators reviewed each patient who received naloxone during a 12-month period. The patients were judged to have a narcotic overdose if caregivers documented an immediate improvement in mental status, respiratory rate, or blood pressure after naloxone administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number and causes of narcotic overdoses were determined. The frequency of morphine and meperidine overdoses was calculated. The number of incidents reported using incident or adverse drug reaction reports or the appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code. RESULTS: In the 22 overdoses that occurred, 14 (64 percent) were caused by medication prescribing, compounding, or administration errors and potentially were preventable. The remaining eight patients experienced an overdose despite receiving appropriate amounts of opioids. The frequency of overdoses was 0.4 and 0.2 percent of total patients receiving morphine or meperidine, respectively, at the two hospitals. Nonreporting of these narcotic overdoses was frequent. In one hospital, 1 incident report and 3 adverse drug reactions were reported for 17 overdoses. At the second hospital, 1 incident report and 1 adverse drug reaction were reported for 6 overdoses. None of the patient charts included an ICD-9-CM code that documented the problem. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of overdoses are not limited to prescribing and administration errors. Some patients, despite proper execution of appropriate orders, develop a narcotic overdose. Caregivers must be aware of this problem and monitor patients for a decrease in mental status and respiratory rate. In addition, we conclude that an important number of hospitalized patients develop an overdose even though the frequency is low related to the number of patients receiving narcotics.

20

Faizullin, Sh B., and M. S. Musin. "Principles of rational selection and use of drug combinations." Kazan medical journal 67, no. 5 (September 15, 1986): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70726.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Advances in pharmacy, pharmacology in recent years and the rapid development of the chemical-pharmaceutical industry have significantly expanded the arsenal of drugs used, the number of which continues to increase. With the introduction into practice of new drugs, the possibilities of etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy have increased. However, at the same time as the effectiveness of drug therapy has increased, it has become less safe. In recent years, cases of drug-induced side effects, which often exceed the severity of the underlying disease, have increased.

21

한정열, 오정미, and 조금준. "Necessity of Research for Safe Drug use in Pregnant Women." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 21, no. 3 (September 2017): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2017.21.3.159.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

&NA;. "Patients' discourse on safe drug use underpinned by various logics." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1316 (August 2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201013160-00010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Callahan, Amy, Nancy Ames, Mary Lou Manning, Kate Touchton-Leonard, Li Yang, and Gwenyth Wallen. "Factors Influencing Nurses’ Use of Hazardous Drug Safe-Handling Precautions." Oncology Nursing Forum 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/16.onf.43-03ap.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Simpson, Kathleen Rice. "Safe Care for Maternal Substance Use and Neonatal Drug Withdrawal." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 40, no. 5 (2015): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000176.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ayele, Yohanes, Abraham Nigussie Mekuria, Assefa Tola, Kirubel Minsamo Mishore, and Fisseha Bonja Geleto. "Prescription drugs use during pregnancy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212093547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120935471.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background: The selection of safe drugs for pregnant women in developing countries, such as Ethiopia, where there are limited options of drugs would be challenging. Hence, the aim of this review was to determine the extent of prescribed drugs use and their potential to cause fetal harm among pregnant women in Ethiopia based on the United States Food and Drug Administration risk category. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches conducted in PubMed, HINARI, Google Scholar and Researchgate. Data on study characteristics and outcomes were extracted using the format developed in Microsoft Excel. The primary measure was pooled prevalence of prescription drugs use during pregnancy. The I2 index was used to assess heterogeneity among studies. The presence of publication bias across studies was evaluated using funnel plot. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Results: A total of nine studies published between 2013 and 2019 were included. The pooled prevalence of prescription drugs during pregnancy, excluding minerals and vitamins, was 45.9 (95%CI: 29.3, 62.5)%. The pooled prevalence of prescription drug use, including minerals and vitamins, was 86.9 (95%CI: 81.2, 92.6)%. The pooled proportion of medications used based on the United States Food and Drug Administration risk category was 56.1 (95%CI: 43.0, 68.4)%, 29.0 (95%CI: 27.9, 30.1)%, 12.1 (95%CI: 7.9, 18.1)%, 4.1 (95%CI: 3.6, 4.6)%, and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.8, 3.6)% for the United States Food and Drug Administration fetal risk category “A,” “B,” “C,” “D,” and “X,” respectively. Conclusion: The use of prescription drugs during pregnancy, excluding supplements, in Ethiopia was high. Drugs with evidence of fetal harm were widely used. Hence, health care providers should select relatively safe drugs. Stakeholders should ensure safe prescribing practice for pregnant women through developing guidelines and updating professionals on the fetal risk status of commonly prescribed drugs.

26

Doyle, William S., and Sally L. Huskinson. "Environmental Uncertainty and Substance Use Disorders: A Behavior Analytic Perspective." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 2023): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23727322231152451.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Substance use disorder (SUD) and drug overdose deaths represent major economic, health, and safety issues in the United States. The psychology of uncertainty provides a mechanism for understanding, reducing, and controlling the damage from substance misuse. Illicit drugs (such as heroin or cocaine) are uncertain in their availability, quality, and acquisition (the time and effort required to obtain them) compared with nondrug-related alternatives (such as consumable goods, hobbies, or paychecks). Furthermore, the severity and likelihood of negative outcomes associated with drug use likewise are uncertain. Such uncertainties worsen substance use outcomes. The current review conveys what is known about the impact of uncertainty on substance use: laboratory investigations of uncertain time and effort required to obtain a substance and uncertain drug quality show uncertainty exacerbates harm. Furthermore, uncertain negative outcomes are not likely to deter substance use in individuals with a SUD. Finally, several policy implications include access to agonist medications; creating a safer drug supply; access to clean syringes/needles, naloxone, and safe-injection sites; and ending incarceration for substance use.

27

Hassan, Yahaya, Rowa’J Al-Ramahi, Noorizan Abd Aziz, and Rozina Ghazali. "Drug Use and Dosing in Chronic Kidney Disease." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 12 (December 15, 2009): 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n12p1095.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

One of the most important drug-related problems in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is medication dosing errors. Many medications and their metabolites are eliminated through the kidney. Thus, adequate renal function is important to avoid toxicity. Patients with renal impairment often have alterations in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pa-rameters. The clearance of drugs eliminated primarily by renal filtration is decreased by renal disease. Therefore, special consideration should be taken when these drugs are prescribed to patients with impaired renal function. Despite the importance of dosage adjustment in patients with CKD, such adjustments are sometimes ignored. Physicians and pharmacists can work together to accomplish safe drug prescribing. This task can be complex and require a stepwise approach to ensure effectiveness, minimise further damage and prevent drug nephrotoxicity. Key words: Dosage adjustment, Renal impairment, Stepwise approach

28

Zhuravleva, V. I., V. S. Kuryatnikova, and F. M. Sabirova. "Clinical aspects of the use of the drug Depo-Provera." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 4 (July 15, 1998): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj64483.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Family planning and maintaining the health of women are the most important problems of modern medicine. The high frequency of abortions and complications associated with them make it urgent to find the most effective and safe methods of preventing pregnancy, including through reliable and safe contraception in women of late reproductive age.

29

Oesch, Franz. "Importance of knowledge on drug metabolism for the safe use of drugs in humans." Drug Metabolism Reviews 41, no. 3 (July 15, 2009): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10837450902890958.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Niazi-Ali, Saarah, Graham T. Atherton, Marcin Walczak, and David W. Denning. "Drug–drug interaction database for safe prescribing of systemic antifungal agents." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 8 (January 2021): 204993612110106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361211010605.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Introduction: A drug–drug interaction (DDI) describes the influence of one drug upon another or the change in a drug’s effect on the body when the drug is taken together with a second drug. A DDI can delay, decrease or enhance absorption or metabolism of either drug. Several antifungal agents have a large number of potentially deleterious DDIs. Methods: The antifungal drug interactions database https://antifungalinteractions.org/was first launched in 2012 and is updated regularly. It is available as web and app versions to allow information on potential drug interactions with antifungals with a version for patients and another for health professionals. A new and updated database and interface with apps was created in 2019. This allows clinicians and patients to rapidly check for DDIs. The database is fully referenced to allow the user to access further information if needed. Currently DDIs for fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, terbinafine, amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin are cross-referenced against 2398 other licensed drugs, a total of nearly 17,000 potential DDIs. Results: The database records 541 potentially severe DDIs, 1129 moderate and 1015 mild DDIs, a total of 2685 (15.9%). Conclusion: As the online database and apps are free to use, we hope that widespread acceptance and usage will reduce medical misadventure and iatrogenic harm from unconsidered DDIs.

31

Gal, Peter. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neonates: Problems and Issues." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 22, no. 4 (April 1988): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808802200411.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Therapeutic drug monitoring has been applied in several patient populations to promote safer, more effective use of drugs. The development of therapeutic ranges allows clinicians to aim for a plasma drug concentration that is usually safe and effective, and calculation of specific pharmacokinetic parameters allows selection of doses that will achieve the desired plasma concentration. This concept certainly holds true in the intensive care nursery; however, the intensity of monitoring in this setting provides opportunities for far broader application of the information obtained from drug concentration monitoring. This review provides an overview of the complexity of and potential applications for therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates based on literature and clinical experience.

32

Snegireva, I. I., M. A. Darmostukova, A. S. Kazakov, and V. K. Lepakhin. "Safe Use of Systemic Interferons for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 52, no. 10 (January 2019): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-019-1916-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

McNeil, Ryan, Taylor Fleming, Samara Mayer, Allison Barker, Manal Mansoor, Alex Betsos, Tamar Austin, Sylvia Parusel, Andrew Ivsins, and Jade Boyd. "Implementation of Safe Supply Alternatives During Intersecting COVID-19 and Overdose Health Emergencies in British Columbia, Canada, 2021." American Journal of Public Health 112, S2 (April 2022): S151—S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306692.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Objectives. To explore the implementation and effectiveness of the British Columbia, Canada, risk mitigation guidelines among people who use drugs, focusing on how experiences with the illicit drug supply shaped motivations to seek prescription alternatives and the subsequent impacts on overdose vulnerability. Methods. From February to July 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews with 40 people who use drugs in British Columbia, Canada, and who accessed prescription opioids or stimulants under the risk mitigation guidelines. Results. COVID-19 disrupted British Columbia’s illicit drug market. Concerns about overdose because of drug supply changes, and deepening socioeconomic marginalization, motivated participants to access no-cost prescription alternatives. Reliable access to prescription alternatives addressed overdose vulnerability by reducing engagement with the illicit drug market while allowing greater agency over drug use. Because prescriptions were primarily intended to manage withdrawal, participants supplemented with illicit drugs to experience enjoyment and manage pain. Conclusions. Providing prescription alternatives to illicit drugs is a critical harm reduction approach that reduces exposure to an increasingly toxic drug supply, yet further optimizations are needed. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S151–S158. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306692 )

34

Polovich, Martha, and Patricia C. Clark. "Factors Influencing Oncology Nurses' Use of Hazardous Drug Safe-Handling Precautions." Oncology Nursing Forum 39, no. 3 (April 28, 2012): E299—E309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/12.onf.e299-e309.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Achike, Francis I., John Smith, Stuart Leonard, Janet Williams, Felicia Browning, and James Glisson. "Advancing safe drug use through interprofessional learning (IPL): A pilot study." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 54, no. 7 (March 26, 2014): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.289.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Costa, Débora Bomfim, Caroline Tianeze de Castro, Romana Santos Gama, and Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos. "Drug use according to risk classification and associated factors among pregnant women: results from NISAMI cohort." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): e43691211247. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.11247.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with drug use in pregnancy by risk categories in pregnant women from Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia. It is a cross-sectional cohort study with 1,091 pregnant women attended in primary health care between 2012 and 2014. Drug use during pregnancy was classified according to the FDA’s pregnancy risk classification. Prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were adjusted by Poisson regression with robust error variance. The prevalence of drug use was more pronounced in risk categories A, B, C, D, and X, respectively. The use of safe medication was associated with education, number of prenatal consultations, and health problems after data adjustment. Age greater than 24 years, onset of prenatal care during the first trimester, and have any health problem were factors associated with the use of risk medication. Quality prenatal care is important to ensure the safe and conscious use of drugs. Furthermore, investments in continuing vocational education that promote rational antenatal drug use are needed.

37

Khakberdiyeva Gulzhakhon Erkinovna, Kasimova Shakhlo Shavkatovna, and Shirina Abrarovna Abdurazakova. "Effective And Safe Use Of Cephalosporins In The Treatment Of Urinary Tract Infection." Texas Journal of Medical Science 29 (February 8, 2024): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62480/tjms.2024.vol29.pp21-24.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The high prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) determines their high significance, not only medical, but also social. Every year, UTIs are the cause of outpatient visits and emergencyя medical care from the hospital[й [1]. Recently, it has been found that причиной UTI is caused уропатогенныеby uropathogenic E. Colistrains. ТакжеAn increase in the frequency of infections caused by gram-negative microorganisms was also noted, and therefore a further search for new drugs among cephalosporin antibiotics was aimed дляat creating drugs with increased activityagainst these microorganisms. New cephalosporin antibiotics are needed because of the huge increase in the number of drug-resistant bacteria

38

Norins, Leslie C. "Repurposing Licensed Drugs for Use Against Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210080.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Substantial evidence, composed of drug mechanisms of action, in vivo testing, and epidemiological data, exists to support clinical testing of FDA-approved drugs for repurposing to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Licensed compound investigation can often proceed at a faster and more cost-effective manner than un-approved compounds moving through the drug pipeline. As the prevalence of AD increases with life expectancy, the current rise in life expectancy amalgamated with the lack of an effective drug for the treatment of AD unnecessarily burdens our medical system and is an urgent public health concern. The unfounded reluctance to examine repurposing existing drugs for possible AD therapy further impedes the possibility of improving the quality of patient lives with a terminal disease. This review summarizes some evidence which exists to suggest certain already-approved drugs may be considered for the treatment of AD and will perhaps encourage physicians to off-label prescribe these safe therapeutics.

39

Dupuis, Marc, Stéphanie Baggio, Marion Emilie Accard, Meichun Mohler-Kuo, and Gerhard Gmel. "The association between alcohol abstinence, drinking or binge drinking and drug use: is alcohol abstinence that safe?" Drugs and Alcohol Today 16, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-08-2015-0050.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between alcohol abstinence and illicit drug use during early adulthood, and compares abstinence to moderate drinking and binge drinking, regrouped in different frequencies. Design/methodology/approach A total of 5,968 young male adults who completed the questionnaires were selected for the analyses. Alcohol abstinent participants were compared to moderate drinkers (who did not experience binge drinking during the previous 12 months), and casual, monthly, weekly and daily binge drinkers in terms of prevalence of drug use during early adulthood. Findings Alcohol abstinence was associated with higher risks of drug use than moderate drinking (odds ratio (OR)>3) for most of drugs, especially last-stage drugs: crystal meth, solvents, spice and heroin (6.50<OR<13.50). Such findings encourage rethinking prevention among alcohol abstainers who were so far considered at low risk of drug use. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of the study are the fact that it is cross-sectional, gender-blind and focussing on Swiss native who are less vulnerable than migrants. Practical implications High-risk subjects should be identified among young people who do not drink in order to develop specific preventive interventions. Originality/value This study is one of the first that compare alcohol abstinence, moderate drinking and binge drinking. Separate results covering 15 different drugs are presented.

40

Rodwin, Marc A. "Rooting Out Institutional Corruption to Manage Inappropriate Off-Label Drug Use." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12075.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorizes the marketing of a drug only for uses that the manufacturer has demonstrated to be safe and effective, based on evidence from at least two clinical trials. However, the FDA does not regulate the practice of medicine, so physicians may prescribe drugs in any manner they choose. Prescribing drugs in ways that deviate from the uses specified in the FDA-approved drug label, package insert, and marketing authorization is referred to as off-label prescribing. This occurs when physicians prescribe a drug for a therapeutic purpose other than the one approved by the FDA; treat patients in a different age cohort or gender than the population on which it was tested; or prescribe a different dose, for a different duration of use, or a different mode of administration than indicated on the label.

41

Xiao, Xiao, James Trevor Oswald, Ting Wang, Weina Zhang, and Wenliang Li. "Use of Anticancer Platinum Compounds in Combination Therapies and Challenges in Drug Delivery." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 18 (June 3, 2020): 3055–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666181105115849.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

As one of the leading and most important metal-based drugs, platinum-based pharmaceuticals are widely used in the treatment of solid malignancies. Despite significant side effects and acquired drug resistance have limited their clinical applications, platinum has shown strong inhibitory effects for a wide assortment of tumors. Drug delivery systems using emerging technologies such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, nanotubes and other nanocompositions, all show promise for the safe delivery of platinum-based compounds. Due to the specificity of nano-formulations; unwanted side-effects and drug resistance can be largely averted. In addition, combinational therapy has been shown to be an effective way to improve the efficacy of platinum based anti-tumor drugs. This review first introduces drug delivery systems used for platinum and combinational therapeutic delivery. Then we highlight some of the recent advances in the field of drug delivery for combinational therapy; specifically progress in leveraging the cytotoxic nature of platinum-based drugs, the combinational effect of other drugs with platinum, while evaluating the drug targeting, side effect reducing and sitespecific nature of nanotechnology-based delivery platforms.

42

Boote, Toby. "Is the recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine safe?" Medico-Legal Journal 86, no. 2 (January 9, 2018): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817217747203.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine is taken recreationally by thousands of people, especially the young, across the globe. It is highly associated with electronic music and its use in the UK remains high at around 4.5% of 16-24 year olds. This review discusses both the short- and long-term effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine including methods by which some of these adverse effects can be prevented or even reversed to increase the safety of the commonly used drug.

43

Simmons, June, Raymond Woosley, and Ester Sefilyan. "Addressing the Social and Medical determinants of Health for Safe Medicines Use." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2377.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Both social and medical factors can negatively affect health outcomes, especially in vulnerable populations. To address these two types of factors in a hospital post-discharge population, two non-profit organizations collaborated to combine their novel decision support programs to address the question: could combined programs have greater potential for improved health outcomes? HomeMeds (HM), a social health program in which trained social services staff make home visits to vulnerable clients, was combined with MedSafety Scan (MSS), a medical health, clinical decision support tool. Data captured in the home visits were entered into the HM and MSS programs to detect those patients at greatest risk of adverse health outcomes due to medications. Patients received a post-discharge home visit by trained social services staff. The number of drugs reported as being taken was on average 10.4, which was less than prescribed at discharge in 62% of patients. Both programs detected serious risk of medication-induced harm, mostly from different causes such as drug-drug interactions or for use not recommended in older adult. Combined analysis of data from two novel decision support programs yielded complementary findings that together address both medical and social determinants of health. These have the potential to reduce medication-induced harm, costly re-hospitalization and/or emergency room visits and support the further evaluation of this combined approach in other vulnerable populations such as the seriously mentally ill, frail, those confined to home, opioid-dependent or otherwise impaired.

44

Sheehan, Rory. "Optimising psychotropic medication use." Tizard Learning Disability Review 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-07-2017-0031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Purpose This commentary accompanies Clare et al.’s study investigating psychotropic drug prescribing for adults with intellectual disability who were referred to specialist community learning disability teams in the east of England. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the background to psychotropic drug prescribing for people with intellectual disability, review important contextual factors that influence prescribing decisions, and consider how we might make the best use of psychotropic drugs in this group. Design/methodology/approach Narrative summary and opinion, supported by reference to recent research literature. Findings Psychotropic drug use for people with intellectual disability raises complex issues, not least because of the lack of research evidence that exists on the topic. Psychotropic drugs can be an important part of treatment for people with mental illness but further research is needed to support prescribing for challenging behaviour. Medication optimisation is a framework within which individual preferences and values are considered alongside the evidence base and clinical judgement in order to inform safe, effective, and collaborative management decisions. Practical implications Prescribing decisions should be individualised and reviewed regularly, incorporating evidence from patients and carers. Improving the use of psychotropic medication requires concerted action, adequate social support, and the provision of alternative, non-pharmacological interventions that are acceptable and effective. Originality/value This paper reviews some of the current concerns about the use of psychotropic drugs and opens up new avenues of discussion.

45

Taube, A. A. "Aspects of the safe use of medicinal products based on medicinal plant materials in COVID-19." Real-World Data & Evidence 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2782-3784-myrwd-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

According to a number of studies, medicinal plants and drugs based on them can be used as inhibitors of various viral infections, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus at different stages of their manifestation and development. In a number of countries, official recommendations have been developed for independent and auxiliary therapy of COVID-19 with medicinal plants and drugs based on them. However, in combination with drugs developed for the treatment of COVID-19, various interactions, including adverse ones, may occur.Purpose: to systematize and analyze data on possible interactions of medicinal plants and natural biologically active substances, which are major active substances in plant raw materials, with medicinal products recommended for the treatment of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study selected drugs recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 at various stages and severity with different mechanisms of action. We used open information on confirmed drug interactions on the website of the international database https://go.drugbank.com/. Results and discussion. The results of possible interactions with the following medicinal plants were revealed: St. John’s wort, Digitalis, Periwinkle, Colchicum, Cinchona, Strophant, Ergot, Pepper, Lemon, Coffee, Tea, Yohimbe tree, Garlic, Evening primrose, Poppy opium, Rauwolfia serpentine.Conclusion. The drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 of different anatomical and therapeutic groups are considered, possible changes in their therapeutic efficacy are identified when taken simultaneously with medicinal plants or biologically active substances of plant origin contained in food and nutritional supplements. It is shown that not all interactions may be undesirable. The effect of medicinal plants on the pharmacokinetics of drugs has not been studied enough and seems to be an important and promising aspect of pharmacovigilance activities. Interesting interactions have been identified: St. John’s wort and drugs based on it can cause the induction of CYP3A and reduce the therapeutic effect when used together with drugs: lopinavir, remdesivir, umifenovir, nirmatrelvir; the cardiotoxic effect of interferon can be reduced through the use of medicinal plant materials containing cardiac glycosides; the combination of ferulic acid with peginterferon alfa-2a increases the risk and severity of bleeding. It was found that the Drugbank database does not contain information on drug-drug interactions of medicinal plants with molnupiravir.

46

Vazquez, Sara R. "Drug-drug interactions in an era of multiple anticoagulants: a focus on clinically relevant drug interactions." Hematology 2018, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.339.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Oral anticoagulants are commonly prescribed but high risk to cause adverse events. Skilled drug interaction management is essential to ensure safe and effective use of these therapies. Clinically relevant interactions with warfarin include drugs that modify cytochrome 2C9, 3A4, or both. Drugs that modify p-glycoprotein may interact with all direct oral anticoagulants, and modifiers of cytochrome 3A4 may interact with rivaroxaban and apixaban. Antiplatelet agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and serotonergic agents, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, can increase risk of bleeding when combined with any oral anticoagulant, and concomitant use should be routinely assessed. New data on anticoagulant drug interactions are available almost daily, and therefore, it is vital that clinicians regularly search interaction databases and the literature for updated management strategies. Skilled drug interaction management will improve outcomes and prevent adverse events in patients taking oral anticoagulants.

47

Vazquez, Sara R. "Drug-drug interactions in an era of multiple anticoagulants: a focus on clinically relevant drug interactions." Blood 132, no. 21 (November 22, 2018): 2230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-06-848747.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Oral anticoagulants are commonly prescribed but high risk to cause adverse events. Skilled drug interaction management is essential to ensure safe and effective use of these therapies. Clinically relevant interactions with warfarin include drugs that modify cytochrome 2C9, 3A4, or both. Drugs that modify p-glycoprotein may interact with all direct oral anticoagulants, and modifiers of cytochrome 3A4 may interact with rivaroxaban and apixaban. Antiplatelet agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and serotonergic agents, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, can increase risk of bleeding when combined with any oral anticoagulant, and concomitant use should be routinely assessed. New data on anticoagulant drug interactions are available almost daily, and therefore, it is vital that clinicians regularly search interaction databases and the literature for updated management strategies. Skilled drug interaction management will improve outcomes and prevent adverse events in patients taking oral anticoagulants.

48

Hampton, Denise, Michelle E. Tarver, and Malvina B. Eydelman. "Latest Food and Drug Administrationʼs Efforts to Improve Safe Contact Lens Use." Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice 41, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icl.0000000000000117.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Sofat, Reecha, Serge Cremers, and R. E. Ferner. "Drug and therapeutics committees as guardians of safe and rational medicines use." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 86, no. 1 (October 18, 2019): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14088.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Ye, Z. "Standardized evaluation of TCM drug safety and its safe use in China." Toxicology Letters 196 (July 2010): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.085.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Drug safe use'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles