Academic literature on the topic 'Drug safe use'
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Journal articles on the topic "Drug safe use"
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Kim, Su Hyun, Hye-Kyung Jung, Ein-Soon Shin, Jin Seo Lee, Yon Ju Ryu, Kyoung Sup Hong, Soo Mee Bang, et al. "Guidelines for Safe Drug Use." Korean Journal of Medicine 96, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2021.96.3.225.
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Background/Aims: In Korea, medications are available by prescription from a physician, or can be purchased over-the-counter (OTC) without a prescription. Education regarding both prescribed and OTC drugs is important to minimize side effects and avoid drug abuse. The risk of side effects due to polypharmacy is increasing due to the growing number of elderly patients with comorbidities.Methods: There are various clinical guidelines for physicians, but it is difficult for patients and their caregivers to find published guidelines regarding drug use. In this regard, experts from nine subspecialties of internal medicine, geriatric medicine, and guideline development methodology formed a working group to develop guidelines for safe drug use under the Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the Korean Association of Internal Medicine.Results: The main contents of this guideline are 1) safe and effective drug administration, 2) the proper use of analgesics (acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), 3) the proper use of tranquilizers and sleeping pills to prevent drug abuse, 4) points to be aware of when taking multiple medications.Conclusions: The guidelines were developed for patients and their caregivers to understand the general principles and precautions for drug use, including commonly used painkillers, mood stabilizers, sleeping pills, and polypharmacy. These guidelines could also be used as educational materials for physicians, nurses, and healthcare workers to educate patients and their caregivers.
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Fainzang, Sylvie. "Discourse on Safe Drug Use." Drug Safety 33, no. 8 (August 2010): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11538320-000000000-00000.
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Griffiths, Matt. "Safe use of drug trolleys." Nursing Standard 31, no. 12 (November 16, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.12.28.s25.
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Watanabe, Shinichi. "Drug Information for Safe Use." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 134, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.13-00235-1.
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Bloomfield, Doni, Bryan S. Walsh, and Aaron S. Kesselheim. "Extending Drug Monopolies by Patenting Safe Drug Use." JAMA Internal Medicine 182, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7954.
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Baker, Danial E. "Nonprescription Drug Safe Use Regulatory Expansion." Hospital Pharmacy 48, no. 6 (June 2013): 448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4806-448.
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Aakansha Rajput. "Safe Use of Over-The-Counter (OTC) Drugs." Knowledgeable Research: A Multidisciplinary Journal 1, no. 06 (March 18, 2023): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.57067/pprt.2023.1.06.27-41.
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Drugs that can be acquired over the counter (OTC) are those that do not require a prescription. Symptoms including headaches, colds, coughs, allergies, and other mild diseases are frequently treated with them. Because OTC drugs are frequently offered in drug shops, supermarkets, and online, many individuals may readily get them. The way we treat common health ailments has changed dramatically as a result of the availability of OTC drugs. People may just go into a shop and get the medication they require rather of having to schedule a visit with a doctor, wait for a prescription, and then travel to the pharmacy. OTC drugs are a common choice for many individuals because of their convenience. But, simply because a drug is accessible without a prescriptiondoes not mean it is completely safe. It is important to use OTC medications safely and effectively, and to be aware of potential risks and complications.
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Duncan, Denise, and David Taylor. "Which antidepressants are safe to use in breast-feeding mothers?" Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 9 (September 1995): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.9.551.
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As postpartum depression can occur in up to 10% of mothers, antidepressants will often be required in mothers who are breast-feeding. The judicious use of antidepressants is important since all psychotropic drugs cross into the breast milk. Drug excretion into breast milk occurs primarily by passive diffusion. Small, highly lipid soluble, unionised drugs diffuse more rapidly than other drugs. It must be remembered, however, that for those drugs with a high volume of distribution, such as the highly lipid soluble drugs, most of the drug is outside the plasma compartment, leaving only a small proportion free to transport from plasma to milk. Also, most lipophilic drugs are concentrated in hind milk which is richer in fat than fore milk. All of the antidepressants are highly lipid soluble with large volumes of distribution.
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G. Postema, Pieter, Jonas S. S. G. de Jong, and Arthur A. M. Wilde. "Drug Use in Brugada Syndrome: Safe or Avoid?" Journal of Arrhythmia 27, Supplement (2011): SY13_5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4020/jhrs.27.sy13_5.
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Yewale, Vijay N., and Dhanya Dharmapalan. "Promoting Appropriate Use of Drugs in Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/906570.
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Promotion of appropriate and safe drugs in children is the need of the hour globally. Pediatric population by itself is a spectrum of different physiologies with significant variation in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Unfortunately, 50–90% of drugs used in children today have never been actually studied in this population, and the results of drug studies done in adults are often extrapolated for use in children. Many medicines in pediatrics are off label or unlicensed. There is a spurt in drug resistance due to the overzealous prescription of antimicrobials not indicated, such as, using inadequate dosage or duration of drug regime leading to partially treated infections, using the wrong antimicrobial due to ignorance of causative organism, and finally using indigenous, irrational combinations. Availability of properly labeled and safe pediatric formulations, regular audit by pharmacists, judicious prescriptions, proper counseling about drug administration, surveillance of adverse effects, and pediatric drug trials can be the best possible interventions to offer appropriate medicines to children and thereby save millions of lives.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drug safe use"
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Polovich, Martha, and Patricia C. Clark. "Nurses' Use of Hazardous Drug Safe Handling Precautions." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/21.
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Problem: Nurses are potentially exposed to hazardous drugs (HDs) in their practice. HD exposure is associated with adverse outcomes (reproductive problems, learning disabilities in offspring of nurses exposed during pregnancy, and cancer occurrence). Safe handling precautions (safety equipment and personal protective equipment, [PPE]) minimize exposure to HDs and decrease the potential for adverse outcomes. Despite existing OSHA recommendations, adherence to precautions is below recommendations. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among factors affecting nurses’ use of HD safe handling precautions, to identify factors that promote or interfere with HD precaution use, and to determine nurse managers’ perspectives on use of safe handling precautions. This study used a conceptual model which proposes that both individual and organizational factors influence precaution use. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Nurses (N = 165; 46% response rate) from oncology centers across the US who reported handling chemotherapy completed a mailed survey. Instruments measured HD precaution use, knowledge, self efficacy, barriers, perceived risk, conflict of interest, interpersonal influences and workplace safety climate. Hierarchical regression was used. Twenty managers of nurses handling chemotherapy were interviewed. Results: Nurses were experienced in oncology (M = 15.8 ± 7.6) yrs, well-educated (62.5% ≥BSN), certified in oncology nursing (85%), worked in outpatient settings (69%), and on average treated 6.8 ± 5.2 patients per day. Chemotherapy exposure knowledge was high (M = 10.9, ± 1, 0-12 scale); as was self efficacy for using PPE (M = 20.8 ± 3, 7-24 scale), and perceived risk (M = 3.14 ± .6, 0-4 scale). Total precaution use during HD administration and disposal was low (M = 1.9, SD = 1.1, 0= never to 5 = 100%). Nurse characteristics did not predict HD precaution use. In the final model (R2 = .29, F (2, 155) = 24.6, p < .000), fewer patients per day, fewer barriers and better workplace safety climate were independent predictors of higher precaution use. Conclusions: Results emphasize the importance of organizational influence on nurses’ HD safe handling precaution use and suggest fostering a positive workplace safety climate and reducing barriers as interventions.
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Simpson, Malcolm Robert. "Knowledge of safe sex practices and HIV transmission, propensity for risk taking, and alcohol/drug use in the aetiology of unprotected sex." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007421.
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Second year psychology students (N=176) from Rhodes University were surveyed using an anonymous questionnaire to obtain information on sexual behaviour and knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among young people. The following information was obtained: Knowledge of safe sex practices and HIV transmission was high although a number of misconceptions were noted. Only fifty six percent of students viewed oral sex with a condom as safe and thirty one percent do not consider mutual masturbation with a condom safe. Thirteen percent and twenty five percent respectively identified insects and saliva as being routes of HIV transmission. Magazines (96%), informal discussions with friends (95%), public pamphlets (86%) and public television (79%) were preferred sources of information. The students' knowledge did not appear to significantly affect sexual behaviour. Eighty percent of respondents were intimately involved with another person during the past twelve months, and only fifteen percent always made use of a latex barrier when being sexually intimate. Despite high rates of alcohol and/or drug consumption (80% of students use such substances), and the belief by the majority of respondents that alcohol and/or drugs facilitate higher risk behaviours, no support for the alcohol/risky sex hypothesis was found. Students were found to score highly on proneness to psychological and behavioural risk taking, and no significant relationship between this and unprotected sex was found. It can be concluded that educational programmes need to focus on what constitutes safe sexual practices in order to equip young adults with the knowledge they need to make informed choices regarding the relative risks of various sexual activities.
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Sanderson, Alicia. "Insite as Representation and Regulation: A Discursively-Informed Analysis of the Implementation and Implications of Canada's First Safe Injection Site." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20113.
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This study consisted of a qualitative analysis of articles from two Canadian newspapers related to North America’s only safe injection facility for drug users, Vancouver’s Insite, and examined the texts for latent themes derived from a review of harm reduction and governmentality literature. The investigation asked “In what ways are Insite and its clients represented in the media and what implications do those portrayals have in terms of Insite’s operation as a harm reduction practice as well as a governmental strategy designed to direct the conduct of drug users who visit the site?” The analysis revealed conflicting representations, some which have positive potential in terms of Insite’s adherence to the fundamental principles of harm reduction and others that undermined those principles and suggested that the site may have traditional governmental functions, perhaps indicating less distance between the harm reduction and governmentality philosophies in the discourse surrounding the SIS than expected.
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Antanavičienė, Jolanta. "Vyresnio amžiaus pacientų vaistų vartojimo valdymas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100621_095553-48933.
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Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti vyresnio amžiaus pacientų vaistų vartojimo valdymą.
Uždaviniai: išanalizuoti vaistų vartojimo ypatumus vyresniame amžiuje; nustatyti gaunamos informacijos, susijusios su saugiu vaistų vartojimu, įtaką pagyvenusiems pacientams; įvertinti pagalbinių technologijų reikšmę vyresnių pacientų vaistų vartojimo valdymui.
Tyrimo metodika. Tiriamųjų apklausa, dokumentacijos analizė, statistinė analizė. Anketavimo bei struktūrizuoto interviu metu buvo naudojamas klausimynai, skirti pacientams bei slaugytojoms, sudaryti pačios tyrėjos, remiantis literatūra. Tiriamųjų grupę sudarė 178 respondentai, besigydantys VšĮ II Kauno klinikinės ligoninės vidaus ligų skyriuje nuo 2009 metų rugsėjo mėn. iki 2010 vasario mėn. bei 14 bendrosios praktikos slaugytojų, dirbančių tame pačiame skyriuje. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant statistinės analizės programą "SPSS for Windows 15.0". Rezultatai statistiškai reikšmingi, jei paklaidos tikimybės reikšmė p<0,05. Kokybinių požymių pasiskirstymas buvo skaičiuojamas absoliučiu skaičiumi bei procentais, kiekybiniams požymiams skaičiuotas vidurkis ir standartinis nuokrypis, standartinė vidurkio paklaida. Ryšiai tarp požymių buvo vertinami chi kvadrato (χ²) kriterijumi bei laisvės laipsnių skaičiumi (lls).
Rezultatai. Lietuvoje kaip ir visame pasaulyje vis didėja vyresnio amžiaus žmonių skaičius. Tai sąlygoja didesnį sergamumą ir su juo susijusį saugų vaistų vartojimą. Dažniausios problemos yra: širdies ir kraujagyslių ligos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Aim of the study. To evaluate the managament of older patients medicines consumption. Objectives. To assess the pecularities of drug use by older patients; to identify the influence of available information of safe medicines consumption on senior patients behaviour; to evaluate the importance of supporting technologies to the management of senior patients medicines consumption. Research methods. Questionnaires for patients and nurses were created by researcher using literature. The study groups consisted of 178 respondents, which were hospitalized in 2nd Kaunas Clinical Hospital Internal Medicine Department since September, 2009, till February , 2010, and 14 general practice nurses, which are working in this department. Statistical data analyse was performed by using statistical analyse programme “SPSS for Windows 15.0“. The distribution of qualitative indicators was calculated in absolute number and percentage. For quantitative indicators an average and standard deviation were calculated. Relations between features were valued by chi square criterion ((χ²). Results. The most frequent conditions of older patients were cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. Patients for a variety of problems could not use medicines on their own. Side effects of medications were frequent. From side effects more common were: dizziness (33,7 %), palpitations (30,3 %), general weakness (29,2 %), constipation (26,4 %). Aged patients used frequently over-the-counter medications, they... [to full text]
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Callon, Cody Terry. "Evaluation of a drug user-led safer injecting education campaign." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37601.
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Background: Unsafe injection practices remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality among people who inject drugs (IDU), this thesis sought to: review the literature outlining the ways in which people inject unsafely, the health consequences associated with unsafe practices, the factors that influence injection practices, and the interventions that have been designed to address these problems; describe a drug user-led safer injecting education campaign; and finally, examine the facilitators’ and participants’ perceptions of a unique user-led intervention.
Methods: Qualitative data was derived from semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with eight members of the Injection Support (IS) Team who developed and facilitated a series of safer injecting education workshops and 20 individuals who participated in these workshops. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was conducted.
Results: A literature review identified numerous specific unsafe injection practices, which are associated with negative health outcomes, including HIV, hepatitis C, bacterial infections, and venous damage. Research demonstrates that various individual, physical, social, and structural factors influence injection practices, and has identified a number of interventions (e.g. syringe distribution, education) that reduce negative health consequences. Results indicate that IDU typically learn about injecting by watching or sharing experiences with other IDU and that significant gaps in knowledge regarding safer injecting practices persist. Accounts of IDU suggest that the unique process and structure of IS Team workshops enabled effective communication of information about safer injecting practices, while targeting the unsafe practices of workshop participants. Facilitators’ identity as IDU enhanced their ability to relate to workshop participants, most of whom expressed that they prefer user-led interventions to other approaches. Facilitators reported gaining knowledge, skills, and positive feelings about themselves from their involvement in the campaign, while many participants reported that they acquired new knowledge that would alter their future injecting practices.
Discussion: The IS Team education campaign focuses on health issues relevant to IDU that are not being adequately addressed by existing public health programs. This study demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of involving IDU in educational initiatives targeting unsafe injecting. Increased involvement of IDU in interventions designed to address unsafe injecting is urgently required.
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Marquesini, Erika Aparecida. "Automedicação em idosos: estudo SABE." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-24102011-075756/.
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A automedicação retrata o princípio do próprio indivíduo buscar espontaneamente por algum medicamento, que considere adequado para resolver um problema de saúde. Esta prática, ainda, é pouco explorada em idosos, principalmente a partir de dados populacionais. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a pratica de automedicação em idosos no Município de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, cujos dados foram obtidos do Estudo SABE - Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento. A amostra foi constituída de 1.257 idosos que utilizaram medicamentos com idade de 60 anos e mais. Para coleta de informações utilizaram-se as seções do questionário sobre Informações pessoais (A), Estado de saúde (C), Medicamento (E), Uso e Acesso a serviços (F) e Historia de trabalho e fontes de renda (H). Os medicamentos consumidos na automedicação foram classificados de acordo com a Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical Classification System (ATC). Na análise dos dados utilizou-se o pacote estatístico STATA com realização de regressão logística. Considerou-se nível de significância de p<0,05. A prevalência de automedicação foi de 42,3%. Entre os medicamentos mais usados estão os analgésicos/antiinflamatórios (40,0%) e vitaminas (8,7%). No grupo de idosos que usou automedicação 45,0% pertenciam ao sexo feminino, 44,4% apresentaram 60 a 74 anos, 46,2% utilizaram o serviço público de saúde, 50,8% não consultaram o médico nos últimos 12 meses, 48,4% consumiram cinco ou mais medicamentos e 50,7% relataram não possuir doenças cronicas. O idoso foi o principal responsável pela indicação da automedicação (65%). Na análise múltipla, observou-se que empregar cinco ou mais medicamentos (OR=1,75) e possuir baixa escolaridade aumentou a chance dos idosos usarem a automedicação e possuir plano de saúde privado (OR=0,72), ter uma e mais doenças (OR=0,57) e idade igual ou superior a 75 anos (OR=0,69) diminuiu a chance de usar a automedicação. As intervenções educativas com o objetivo de reduzir a automedicação na população geriátrica devem contemplar, especialmente os usuários de polifarmácia, aqueles com baixa escolaridade e indivíduos na faixa etária dos 60 74 anos, tendo em vista que o próprio idoso é o principal responsável pela decisão de praticar a automedicação.Self-medication depicts the principle of the individual seeking spontaneously by some drug, which it deems appropriate to resolve a health problem. This practice, though, is little explored in the elderly, primarily using population data. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze self-medication in the elderly in São Paulo. It is a cross-sectional, population-based, whose data were obtained from the SABE Study - Health, Welfare and Ageing. The sample consisted of 1,257 seniors who used drugs at the age of 60 years and more. To collect the information we used sections of the questionnaire on personal information (A) Health status (C), drug (E), Use and Access to services (F) and work history and income sources (H). The drugs used in self-medication were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC). In the data analysis used the STATA statistical package with performance of logistic regression. It was considered a significance level of p <0.05. The prevalence of self-medication was 42,3%. Among the most commonly used drugs are analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs (40.0%) and vitamins (8.7%). In the elderly group that used self-medication 45.5% were female, 44.4% had 60 to 74 years, 50.8% did not consult the doctor in the last twelve months, 46.2% used public insurance, 48,4% used five or more drugs and 50.7% reported not having chronic diseases. The senior was the main responsible for the appointment of self-medication (65%). In the multivariate analysis, we observed that employ five or more medications (OR = 1.75) and have low education increased the likelihood of using self-medication and the elderly have private health insurance (OR = 0.72), and have a more diseases (OR = 0.57) and age less than 75 years (OR = 0.69) decreased the chance of using self-medication. Educational interventions aimed at reducing self-medication should include in the geriatric population, especially those using polypharmacy, those with low education and individuals aged 60 to 74 years, given that the elderly person is mainly responsible for the decision to practice self-medication.
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Jongbloed, Kate. "Finding safe spaces : historical trauma, housing status, and HIV vulnerability among young Aboriginal people who use illicit drugs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43764.
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Background: Dispossession and dislocation of Aboriginal people in Canada through the reserve, residential school and child welfare systems have contributed to the gross overrepresentation of HIV/AIDS infection, substance use, and housing instability in Aboriginal communities. Ensuring young Aboriginal people who use illicit drugs have access to safe spaces, including places to live, is a fundamental part of dismantling structural injustices that lead to their elevated vulnerability to HIV infection.
Objective: This thesis investigates access to safe spaces among young Aboriginal men and women who use illicit drugs in Vancouver and Prince George, British Columbia, Canada within the context of historical and intergenerational trauma. It examines how accessibility of safe spaces, and housing in particular, affects young Aboriginal people’s vulnerability to HIV infection.
Methods: Baseline categorical variables were compared based on participants’ housing status using Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact tests when expected cell values were five or less. Continuous variables were analyzed using a Student t test and all p values are two sided. Longitudinal analyses utilized data collected every six-months between November 2005 and January 2010. Generalized linear mixed models fitted with a Gauss-Hermite approximation were used to find odds ratio (ORs) for associations between trauma, housing status, and sex- and drug-related HIV vulnerabilities over time.
Results: We found an independent association between historical trauma and housing status: childhood sexual abuse was independently associated with 2.76 greater odds of living in an unstable type of housing over the study period. We uncovered important associations between sub-optimal housing status and drug- and sex-related HIV vulnerability, including sex work, sexual assault, use of injection drugs, high frequency opiate and cocaine injection, and public injection.
Conclusions: Our findings reveal that both material and spatial dimensions of housing are closely linked to HIV vulnerability among young Aboriginal people. Further, the links between housing status and historical trauma indicate that addressing the legacy of historical trauma is a crucial component of tackling the underlying causes of housing instability among young Aboriginal people who use illicit drugs.
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Berthe-Aucejo, Aurore. "Pharmacie clinique en pédiatrie : prescriptions inappropriées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5248.
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Le contexte de la prescription médicamenteuse chez l’enfant est complexe : évolution physiologique et métabolique, prescription hors et sans AMM, formes galéniques non adaptées. Les enfants sont exposés à un risque iatrogène plus important que l’adulte. Un outil de détection des prescriptions inappropriées (POPI : Pédiatrie - Omissions et Prescriptions Inappropriées) a été développé en pédiatrie. Nous avons évalué rétrospectivement la prévalence des prescriptions inappropriées (PI) en ville et à l’hôpital. Le taux de prévalence des PI et des omissions de prescriptions (OP) étaient respectivement de 2,9% et 2,3% aux urgences pédiatriques et 12,3% et 6,1% en ville. L’étude de reproductibilité a permis de constater un excellent accord inter-juge entre les médecins dans la détection des PI et entre les pharmaciens dans la détection des OP. Les PI et les OP avaient une bonne concordance entre les différents professionnels de santé. Enfin, nous avons pu adapter notre outil pour une utilisation internationale en utilisant une méthode Delphi. Sur les 105 critères évalués, 80 critères ont obtenu plus de 75% d’accord après le premier tour, 16 items ont été modifiés et 25 ont été supprimés. L’outil POPI international final est composé de 73 items de PI et d’OP. Les principales raisons de modification ou de suppression étaient des différences entre les recommandations des différents pays et l’indisponibilité du médicament. Ces différents travaux ont permis d’évaluer la prévalence des PI en pédiatrie, de montrer que l’outil est utilisable par différents professionnels. La facilité d’utilisation de l’outil a été approuvée par la majorité des utilisateurs qui étaient prêts à l’utiliser dans leur pratique quotidienne. L’outil doit donc permettre d’aider les professionnels de santé à détecter les PI/OP et d’améliorer la prise en charge médicamenteuse des enfantsThe context of drug prescription in children is complex : physiological evolution and metabolic changes, off-label prescription, unsuitable dosage forms. Children are at greater iatrogenic risk than adults. A tool for detecting inappropriate prescriptions in paediatrics (POPI : Paediatric - Omission Prescriptions and Inappropriate prescriptions) has been developed. We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of inappropriate prescriptions (IP) in community setting and in hospital. The prevalence of IP and omitted prescriptions (OP) were respectively 2.9% and 2.3% in emergency department and 12.3% and 6.1% in community setting. The reproducibility study showed excellent inter-judge agreement between doctors in the detection of IP and between pharmacists in the detection of OP. The IP and OP had a good agreement between the different healthcare professionals. Finally, we proposed an adaptation of our tool for use in worldwide. Of the 105 criteria evaluated, 80 criteria obtained more than 75% agreement after the first round, 16 items were modified and 25 were deleted. The final international POPI tool is composed of 73 IP and OP. The main reasons for modification or deletion were differences between the recommendations of the different countries and the unavailability of the drug. This work has allowed us to assess the prevalence of IP in paediatrics and to show that the tool is usable by different professionals. The ease of use of the tool was approved by the majority of users and they were ready to use it in their daily practice. This tool can help healthcare professionals to detect IP/OP and improve the medication management of children
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Noia, Aparecida Santos. "Fatores associados ao uso de psicotrópicos em idosos no município de São Paulo: estudo SABE." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-23122010-085241/.
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Nos últimos anos, o uso dos psicotrópicos em idosos, aumentou expressivamente em decorrência da ampliação das indicações terapêuticas dessa classe, do lançamento de agentes com menor perfil de toxicidade e do reconhecimento de que determinados quadros clínicos, prevalentes nessa faixa etária, podem ser tratados com esses medicamentos. Todavia, o uso de psicotrópicos pode estar relacionado a eventos adversos que causam impacto no perfil de morbi-mortalidade desse grupo de indivíduos. Desse modo, os objetivos do presente estudo foram identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de psicotrópicos entre os idosos do Município de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, cujos dados foram obtidos do Estudo Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento SABE. A amostra foi constituída de 1.115 idosos de 65 anos ou mais, que foram reentrevistados no ano de 2006. Para coleta de informações utilizaram-se as seções do questionário sobre Informações pessoais (A), Avaliação cognitiva (B), Estado de saúde (C), Estado funcional (D), Medicamentos (E) e Uso e acesso a serviços (F). Os psicotrópicos foram classificados de acordo com a Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical Classification System (ATC). Na analise dos dados utilizou-se o pacote estatístico STATA com realização de regressão logística. Considerou-se nível de significância de p<0,05. A prevalência de uso de psicotrópicos de 12,2%, a qual foi representada por antidepressivos (7,2%), benzodiazepínicos (6,1%) e antipsicóticos (1,8%). No grupo que usou psicotrópicos, 15,9% pertenciam ao sexo feminino, 15,1% apresentaram 75 anos ou mais, 21% relataram possuir quatro e mais doenças e 27,5% usar cinco ou mais medicamentos. Os fatores associados ao uso de psicotrópicos foram : sexo feminino (OR = 1,70; IC95% 1,05 - 2,74), limitação de atividade instrumental de vida diária (OR = 1,871; IC95% 1,16 - 3,04), presença de declínio cognitivo (OR = 1,76; IC95% 1,02 - 3,03), depressão (OR = 5,36; IC95% 3,34 - 8,61) e uso de cinco ou mais medicamentos (OR = 1,28; IC95%1,16 - 1,42). Cerca de um em cada dez idosos do SABE utilizou psicotrópicos, principalmente os antidepressivos. O conjunto dos fatores de risco associados ao uso de psicotrópicos pode indicar que os idosos mais vulneráveis foram aqueles com maior grau de dependência, seja em decorrência de comprometimento clínico causado por doenças, seja pelo uso de psicotrópicos inapropriadosOver the last years, the use of psychotropic drugs in the elderly has risen expressively, due to the increasing of the therapeutic indications of this class, the launching of agents with a profile of low level of toxics, and to the acknowledgement that certain clinical conditions, dominant within this age group, can be treated with this medicine. However, the use of psychotropic drugs can be linked to adverse events which cause impact in the profile of morbid-mortality of this age group. Therefore, the aim of the present study has been to identify the prevalence and factors associated to the use of psychotropic drugs among elderly people in São Paulo City. It is a transversal, population based study, obtained from the Estudo Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento SABE. The sample was constituted of 1.115 elderly people, aging 65 and over, who were re-interviewed in 2006. For the gathering of information, the sections of the questionnaire on Personal Information (A), Cognitive Evaluation (B), Health State (C), Functional State (D), Medicine (E) and Use and Access to Facilities (F) were used. Psychoactive drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical Classification System (ATC). In the data analysis, it was used the statistic component STATA with logistic regression. A level of significance was considered of being p<0,05. The prevalence of the use of psychotropic drugs of 12,2%, which was represented by anti-depressants (7,2%), benzodiazepine (6,1%) and anti-psychotics (1,8%). In the group that used psychotropic drugs, 15,9% were female, 15,1% were 75 years old and older, 21% claimed having four or more different diseases, and 27,5% making use of five or more different sorts of medicine. The factors associated to the use of psychotropic drugs were: female gender (OR = 1,70; IC95% 1,05 - 2,74), limitation of daily life instrumental activity (OR = 1,871; IC95% 1,16 - 3,04), presence of cognitive decreasing (OR = 1,76; IC95% 1,02 - 3,03), depression (OR = 5,36; IC95% 3,34 - 8,61) and use of five or more sorts of medicine (OR = 1,28; IC95%1,16 - 1,42). About one in ten elderly people in SABE used psychotropic drugs, mainly anti-depressants. The range of risk factors associated to the use of psychotropic drugs may indicate that the most vulnerable elderly people were those with higher level of dependency, whether in consequence of a clinical implication caused by diseases, or by the use of inappropriate psychotropic drugs
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Green, Traci Craig. "My place, your place, or a safer place : the intention among Montreal injecting drug users to use supervised injecting facilities." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29426.
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Pilot studies of supervised injecting facilities (SIF) are under consideration in Canada, but it is elemental to first establish acceptability among the injecting drug use (IDU) population that are potential attendees. This study aimed to assess SIT acceptability and to determine factors associated with the willingness of public injectors to use SIF in a city considering their establishment. From April 2001--February 2002, qualitative, key informant interviews and survey data collection methods were employed. Questions were appended to a study monitoring HIV risk among Montreal IDU. Univariate and bivariate analyses preceded logistic regression. 11 key informants and 251 IDU participated in the study. Key informants generated specific SIT models subsequently presented to IDU. Overall, SIF acceptability was high. Two logistic regression models presented factors independently predictive of potential SIF use including drug use characteristics and SIF attributes. Initial community and user consultations are essential in assessing relevance and planning of SIF.
Books on the topic "Drug safe use"
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Joyce, Sharp, and Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), eds. Safe & drug-free schools & communities: Student survey. [Carson City, Nev.]: Nevada Dept. of Education, 1997.
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Soule, Penelope P. Safe & drug-free schools and & communities: Student survey. [Carson City, Nev.]: The Dept., 1997.
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(AWARE), Action on Women's Addictions-Research and Education. A book for older women about safe drug use. Kingston, Ont: Aware Press, 1992.
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The pill book guide to safe drug use. New York: Bantam Books, 1989.
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United States. Food and Drug Administration. Office of Public Affairs., ed. Improving public health: Promting safe and effective drug use. 2nd ed. Rockville, MD: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Public Affairs, 2003.
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United States. Food and Drug Administration. Office of Public Affairs., ed. Improving public health: Promting safe and effective drug use. 2nd ed. Rockville, MD: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Public Affairs, 2003.
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Carol, Johnson. Principles of effectiveness for safe & drug-free schools & communities. Des Moines, Iowa: State of Iowa, Dept. of Education, 2003.
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Vancheri, Cori. The Safe Use Initiative and health literacy: Workshop summary. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2010.
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Mansfield, Wendy. Teacher survey on safe, disciplined, and drug-free schools. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1991.
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Action on Women's Addictions--Research and Education (AWARE). Drug wise: A book about safe drug use for older women who are caregivers. Kingston, Ont: Aware Press, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Drug safe use"
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Bradford, Bobbie. "History of Safe Use." In Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, 4043–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_136.
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Bradford, Bobbie. "History of Safe Use." In Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27728-3_136-1.
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O'Neil, Michael. "Substance Use Disorders, Drug Diversion, and Pain Management: The Scope of the Problem." In The ADA Practical Guide to Substance Use Disorders and Safe Prescribing, 1–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119062738.ch1.
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Melton, Sarah T., and Ralph A. Orr. "Detection and Deterrence of Substance Use Disorders and Drug Diversion in Dental Practice." In The ADA Practical Guide to Substance Use Disorders and Safe Prescribing, 141–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119062738.ch8.
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Raymond, George F., and William J. Maloney. "Interviewing and Counseling Patients with Known or Suspected Substance Use Disorders: Dealing with Drug-seeking Patients." In The ADA Practical Guide to Substance Use Disorders and Safe Prescribing, 159–67. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119062738.ch9.
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Drabo, Seydou. "The Domestication of Misoprostol for Abortion in Burkina Faso: Interactions Between Caregivers, Drug Vendors and Women." In Global Maternal and Child Health, 57–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84514-8_4.
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AbstractMisoprostol has been hailed as a revolution within global maternal health research and policy communities because of its potential to reduce maternal mortality from post-partum haemorrhage and unsafe abortion, allowing relatively safe abortion in legal and illegal settings. However, we know little about how women who want to use misoprostol access it to induce abortion. Based on 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, this chapter describes and analyses how women gain access to misoprostol to induce abortion within a setting where induced abortion is legally restrictive and where the legal use of misoprostol is limited to post-abortion care and post-partum haemorrhage. The findings show that women seeking abortions in Ouagadougou are able to access misoprostol through unofficial channels, specifically through health workers and drug vendors. While this unofficial use of misoprostol is relatively safer, and more affordable than other options, access is not equally distributed and the cost women pay for the drug varies significantly. While women with strong social networks and financial resources can access misoprostol easily, other women who do not have money to buy misoprostol may become victims of sexual violence from men from whom they seek abortion services. In Ouagadougou, access to abortion with misoprostol is shaped by health workers and the social and economic conditions of the women who seek it. The study uses the concepts of ‘pharmaceutical diversion’ and ‘domestication’ as adjacent analytical frameworks to emphasize the changing pattern of access to misoprostol. The chapter introduces the importance of looking at safe access to safe abortion.
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Wang, Yuxuan, and Ross D. King. "Extrapolation is Not the Same as Interpolation." In Discovery Science, 277–92. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45275-8_19.
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AbstractWe propose a new machine learning formulation designed specifically for extrapolation. The textbook way to apply machine learning to drug design is to learn a univariate function that when a drug (structure) is input, the function outputs a real number (the activity): F(drug) → activity. The PubMed server lists around twenty thousand papers doing this. However, experience in real-world drug design suggests that this formulation of the drug design problem is not quite correct. Specifically, what one is really interested in is extrapolation: predicting the activity of new drugs with higher activity than any existing ones. Our new formulation for extrapolation is based around learning a bivariate function that predicts the difference in activities of two drugs: F(drug1, drug2) → signed difference in activity. This formulation is general and potentially suitable for problems to find samples with target values beyond the target value range of the training set. We applied the formulation to work with support vector machines (SVMs), random forests (RFs), and Gradient Boosting Machines (XGBs). We compared the formulation with standard regression on thousands of drug design datasets, and hundreds of gene expression datasets. The test set extrapolation metrics use the concept of classification metrics to count the identification of extraordinary examples (with greater values than the training set), and top-performing examples (within the top 10% of the whole dataset). On these metrics our pairwise formulation vastly outperformed standard regression for SVMs, RFs, and XGBs. We expect this success to extrapolate to other extrapolation problems.
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Fenwick, Alan, Wendie Norris, and Becky McCall. "Planning for success." In A tale of a man, a worm and a snail: the schistosomiasis control initiative, 103–12. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392558.0009.
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Abstract This book chapter focuses on seven areas to consider for the implementation to be success: (1) Who gets sick and who will provide the community/section in? How to diagnose and measure and what tools do they use? (2) What do we offer? (praziquantel and albendazole) How can they measure dosage and ensure supplies? (The drug should be given or inexpensive, still safe and effective, and easy to use) (3) Why deploy praziquantel to prevent transmission but not a vaccine? How? or what can they do if they just use medicine? (4) Who will deliver it? How to sign up and retain people get on the train? (5) Have they raised enough funds for drugs, labor and maintenance program in the next few years? How does the program sustainable? (6) How will they measure success, creating evidence of what works and publish it for others to benefit, bring in sponsors and to increase more? and finally, (7) Is governance intended to help us be honest and true to the goal?
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Nasa, Prashant, Rajesh Kumar, Deven Juneja, and Supradip Gosh. "The Case for Albumin as Volume Expander and beyond." In Rational Use of Intravenous Fluids in Critically Ill Patients, 227–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42205-8_10.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the importance of endogenous albumin, the most abundant plasma protein in the body. Albumin has diverse functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, intravascular buffering, drug metabolism, transport, distribution, and restoration of vascular endothelial integrity. It is also crucial for maintaining the endothelial glycocalyx layer in blood vessels. Critically ill patients may experience hypoalbuminemia, defined as serum albumin <35 g/L, due to reduced synthesis, malnutrition, increased loss, or increased catabolism. Observational studies show hypoalbuminemia as an independent predictor of worse outcomes, with a 10 g/L decrease in serum albumin linked to a higher risk of mortality, morbidity, longer ICU/hospital stays, and increased resource utilisation. Administering exogenous albumin targeting serum albumin >30 g/L may reduce complications, but further trials are needed. Exogenous albumin is used in the ICU for various indications, including resuscitation and deresuscitation. Evidence on its use as a plasma expander is inconclusive. Both high- (20%) and low-concentration (4 and 5%) albumin can be used for resuscitation if patients require additional fluid, despite receiving crystalloids. Albumin is safe and effective for plasma expansion in patients with sepsis and septic shock but should be avoided in traumatic brain injury. Judicious and vigilant use of albumin is recommended due to its cost and potential risks. Albumin administration should be based on clinical indications, and monitoring fluid balance and clinical parameters is critical to prevent fluid accumulation and oedema formation.
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Ho, Calvin W. L., and Tsung-Ling Lee. "Global Governance of Anti-microbial Resistance: A Legal and Regulatory Toolkit." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 401–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_25.
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Abstract Recognizing that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global public health, the World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted a Global Action Plan (GAP) at the May 2015 World Health Assembly. Underscoring that systematic misuse and overuse of drugs in human medicine and food production is a global public health concern, the GAP-AMR urges concerted efforts across governments and private sectors, including pharmaceutical industry, medical professionals, agricultural industry, among others. The GAP has a threefold aim: (1) to ensure a continuous use of effective and safe medicines for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases; (2) to encourage a responsible use of medicines; and (3) to engage countries to develop their national actions on AMR in keeping with the recommendations. While the GAP is a necessary step to enable multilateral actions, it must be supported by effective governance in order to realize the proposed aims. This chapter has a threefold purpose: (1) To identify regulatory principles embedded in key WHO documents relating to AMR and the GAP-AMR; (2) To consider the legal and regulatory actions or interventions that countries could use to strengthen their regulatory lever for AMR containment; and (3) To highlight the crucial role of the regulatory lever in enabling other levers under a whole-of-system approach. Effective AMR containment requires a clearer understanding of how the regulatory lever could be implemented or enabled within health systems, as well as how it underscores and interacts with other levers within a whole-of-system approach.
Conference papers on the topic "Drug safe use"
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Lemos de Brito, João Pedro, and Paulo Roberto Telles Pires Dias. "Social and peer group influence on seeking and adhering to treatment for drug use during the COVID-19 pandemic." In Semana Online Acadêmica de Medicina. Congresse.me, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/nmmt6705.
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To study, through literature review, how peer and social support influence the initiation, adhesion, and effectiveness in drug treatment, during COVID-19’s pandemic. A period where social isolation and online interventions became the norm. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed database, considering publications in the last 4 years. Searching terms were “peer support”, “online treatment” and “substancerelated disorders”. The selection was performed by title and abstract, followed by an abstract and full-text read. Main findings are presented. Quality and type of support showed a very important role in remissions, notably in online forums for drug user support, a recent strategy that has increased during the social distancing period. Were also disseminated, in this context, improved telehealth alternatives counting with the aid of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Turning point events in users' lives and psychosocial markers, proved relevant for seeking and attending to treatment online but were not well explored yet. Characteristics individualizing users' relationship with drugs and their influence on online search for specialized treatment networks are widely debated. New ways of delivering peer and social support online seemed to work efficiently during the social distancing period, and promise to be good complementary therapies for future care. Further studies are still needed to evaluate how can online methods work in safe and beneficial ways for frail users. Implementing deeper regulations in online cares and seeing their results are tasks for future research and social measures aiming at remission yet not accomplished. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: On-line Treatment, Peer and Social Support, Substance-Related Disorders
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Đurđić, Tamara. "ODGOVORNOST ZA ŠTETU OD LEKOVA." In XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.667dj.
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The use of medicines implies a risk of damage to the patient. The danger of the use of a drug may be of a different nature, considering a chemical nature of the medical product, which also determines its pharmacological effect, thus disabling completely safe use of the drug. In fact, one should bear in mind the ambivalent effect of a drug which, besides therapeutic characteristic, has accompanying adverse effects on the health of the user, which is the risk one must count on. The institute of liability for damage (the responsible persons, the legal nature of the responsibility) is of particular importance for Serbian medical law, bearing in mind that it is not specifically regulated in the law. Further, this issue is complicated due to the fact that the implementation of the medical treatment involves a large number of persons: the doctor who prescribes the medicine, the drug manufacturer who issues the medicine, and the pharmacist who sells the drug. That is the reason why the liability for the damage using medicine, deserves special attention in the legal doctrine.
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Marshall, Lauren, Isabel Löwstedt, Paul Gatenholm, and Joel Berry. "Prevascularized, Co-Culture Model for Breast Cancer Drug Development." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80409.
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The objective of this study was to create 3D engineered tissue models to accelerate identification of safe and efficacious breast cancer drug therapies. It is expected that this platform will dramatically reduce the time and costs associated with development and regulatory approval of anti-cancer therapies, currently a multi-billion dollar endeavor [1]. Existing two-dimensional (2D) in vitro and in vivo animal studies required for identification of effective cancer therapies account for much of the high costs of anti-cancer medications and health insurance premiums borne by patients, many of whom cannot afford it. An emerging paradigm in pharmaceutical drug development is the use of three-dimensional (3D) cell/biomaterial models that will accurately screen novel therapeutic compounds, repurpose existing compounds and terminate ineffective ones. In particular, identification of effective chemotherapies for breast cancer are anticipated to occur more quickly in 3D in vitro models than 2D in vitro environments and in vivo animal models, neither of which accurately mimic natural human tumor environments [2]. Moreover, these 3D models can be multi-cellular and designed with extracellular matrix (ECM) function and mechanical properties similar to that of natural in vivo cancer environments [3].
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Shelyakin, I. D., S. N. Semenov, and L. V. Cheskidova. "THE STUDY ON SAFETY (TOLERANCE) OF UNICOCCIDUM ON RABBITS." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.457-461.
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Preclinical study of new medicines allows us to determine their specific pharmacological activity, indications for use and contraindications. However, in addition to the efficacy, the choice of a drug depends on its safety profile. The research purpose was to study tolerance (safety) of the anticoccidial drug Unicoccidum on rabbits. The experiment was conducted on rabbits divided into 3 groups. Animals of the first group (n = 6) (control) were prescribed no drugs; rabbits of the second group (n = 8) were administered Unicoccidum once orally, individually, at a therapeutic dose (0.4 mL/kg); and rabbits of the third group (n = 7) were administered the drug at a five-fold therapeutic dose (2.0 mL/kg). Blood for the study was taken from the rabbits’ auricular veins at 7 days after Unicoccidum. The cellular composition of peripheral blood was determined using standard cell counting techniques. Hemoglobin, total protein, urea, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, bilirubin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-GT were determined with Vital kits (Saint Petersburg) using a Hitachi-902 biochemical analyzer. It was found that Unicoccidum in the studied doses did not significantly affect the clinical status, behavior, or appetite of the rabbits. Morphological and biochemical blood parameters in the experimental animals did not differ from the control and were within the physiological range for this animal species. Thus, Unicoccidum has good tolerance and is safe for animals.
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Drummond Júnior, Délio Guerra, Tamires Rodrigues Toqueto, Rainally Sabrina Freire de Morais, Rodrigo Daniel Zanoni, and Igor Costa Santos. "Indications for anesthetics in the postoperative period of surgery in children." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-096.
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Introduction: Proper management of postoperative pain in children is of utmost importance to ensure patients' comfort and adequate recovery. Anesthetics play a key role in this context, providing effective analgesia and minimizing adverse effects associated with pain. Objectives: To analyze the indications of anesthetics in the postoperative period of surgeries in children, examining the available options, their mechanisms of action, the available scientific evidence and the clinical benefits. Theoretical Framework: The topics covered include the different types of anesthetics used in 4 axes: opioids, local anesthetics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and adjuvant anesthetics. In addition, it deals with the specific indications for the use of each type of anesthetic, the appropriate doses and the possible side effects. Methodology: The literature search was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The following English descriptors were used: "postoperative pain management", "children", "analgesics". The inclusion criteria adopted comprised original articles available in full text and written in English. Final Results: Opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, are frequently used to control severe pain, but should be administered with caution due to possible side effects, such as respiratory depression and excessive sedation. Local anesthetics, such as bupivacaine and lidocaine, are widely used for regional blocks and local analgesia, reducing the need for systemic opioids. NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and paracetamol, are effective and safe options for mild to moderate pain management with few side effects. Study results indicate that the choice of anesthetic in postoperative surgery in children should be based on individual patient characteristics, type of surgery, pain intensity, and safety profile of the drug.
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Rackov, Sanja, Aleksandra Nešić, Milan Vraneš, and Branka Pilić. "DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROSPUN POLY(VINYLPYRROLIDONE) (PVP) NANOFIBER MATS LOADED BY CALENDULA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT AND COENZYME Q10." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.169r.
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Electrospun systems can be applied to various areas, particularly in biomedicine for skin treatment. The fabricated nanofibers represent an interconnected three-dimensional network with a high surface area to volume ratio providing structural and morphological similarities with the extracellular matrix. Hence, facilitate the removal of exudates, promote gaseous exchange, conform to the contour of the treated area and in the case of drug-loaded nanofibers resulting in improved bioavailability. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was selected as a polymer carrier due to its biocompatible, hydrophilic nature with good chemical and mechanical properties, approved by the U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) as a safe polymer for biomedical and food applications. Calendula officinalis or Marigold extract is one of the oldest medical plants with numerous proven pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial/antifungal and wound healing activity related to the components of the flowers such as sesquiterpenes, saponins, triterpenes, flavonoids. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, Ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring oil-soluble antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that supports collagen production, mostly popularized as an anti-aging ingredient in skincare products for topical use. Novel Marigold extract and CoQ10–loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers intended for skin treatment and wound therapy were developed using the electrospinning technique. The presence of functional groups on the nanofibrous surfaces was confirmed by FTIR analysis, the SEM images show the average size of the obtained nanomats and the thermal properties were investigated via DSC analysis.
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Suryakrishna, S. S., K. Praveen, S. Tamilselvan, and S. Srinath. "IoT Based Automation and Blockchain for Medical Drug Storage and Smart Drug Store." In Intelligent Computing and Technologies Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.115.8.
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The increase in the work stress and decrease in the time for oneself has led to the rise in the dependency on the medicines and drugs. The drugs and medicines are the key sources for saving the human life when the patient is in the danger. In order to maintain regular and quality supply of the drugs and medicines has to monitor on the regular basis. There are numerous medicines and drugs brought in the store but usually drugs and medicines are stolen to satisfy one’s greed, get expired or placed at unknown locations in the store. So to prevent such situation and saving the life of the patient Drug and Medicine Monitoring Model can be used. The model uses the RFID and IoT technology in order to monitor the drugs and medicines in the store. In medical and drug using systems which are increasing work stress and decreasing the time for oneself that has risen in dependency. The danger situation drugs and medicine is the main source for saving human life when the people are in danger. A daily regular basis to maintain a quality supply of the drug and medicine has been monitored. While traveling and transportation time is numerous medicines and drugs brought from the store but usually it is stolen to one’s greed and the medicines and drugs or placed at unknown locations. To prevent and save a patent life and monitoring model can be used to check the medicine and drug. In our model RFID tag and IoT technology can be used to monitor medicine and drug storage with the help of hospitals and how having a knowledge of the system and chemist of the medical and drugs available, the medicines and drugs quality of location and their safety.
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KADHIM, Shafq, Osama Q. FADHIL, Zahraa SAAD, and Dhafir QAHTAN. "SAFETY AND MISUSE OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-15.
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The unique nature and physiology of pregnancy represents a challenge for choosing suitable, efficacious and safe drug therapy. Pharmacokinetic of medicines is very complicated during pregnancy as many important physiological changes happen during this period. FDA classifies medicines used in pregnancy into five categories A, B, C, D and X. Category A is considered the safest category while X is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. This a descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to demonstrate safety of prescribed drugs and the extent of drug misuse during pregnancy. The results demonstrated that 82% of prescriptions lack the full scientific information and 75% of prescriptions containing drugs fall within C and D categories. Moreover, the results showed that 29% of drugs are category C (most commonly prescribed drug was hyoscin butylbromide), and 14% of drugs are category D (most commonly prescribed drug was phenoparbiton). A high percentage of prescriptions was seen with multiple items that can increase the associated side effects and about 22 % of prescriptions were refilled many times and more than half of this percentage used them without medical consultations; this indicates that many pregnant women may misuse these drugs. From this study we concluded that there is a misuse of medicines during pregnancy and a high percentage of pregnant women have used unsafe medications. Therefore prescribing drugs during this period needs a special care as this issue can be dangerous for mother and her fetus.
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Behkam, Bahareh, and Metin Sitti. "E. Coli Inspired Propulsion for Swimming Microrobots." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59621.
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Medical applications are among the most fascinating areas of microrobotics. For long, scientists have dreamed of miniature smart devices that can travel inside the human body and carry out a host of complex operations such as minimally invasive surgery (MIS), highly localized drug delivery, and screening for diseases that are in their very early stages. Still a distant dream, significant progress in micro and nanotechnology brings us closer to materializing it. For such a miniature device to be injected into the body, it has to be 800 μm or smaller in diameter. Miniature, safe and energy efficient propulsion systems hold the key to maturing this technology but they pose significant challenges. Scaling the macroscale natation mechanisms to micro/nano length scales is unfeasible. It has been estimated that a vibrating-fin driven swimming robot shorter than 6 mm can not overcome the viscous drag forces in water. In this paper, the authors propose a new type of propulsion inspired by the motility mechanism of bacteria with peritrichous flagellation, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia marcescens. The perfomance of the propulsive mechanism is estimated by modeling the dynamics of the motion. The motion of the moving organelle is simulated and key parameters such as velocity, distribution of force and power requirments for different configurations of the tail are determined theoretically. In order to validate the theoretical result, a scaled up model of the swimming robot is fabricated and characterized in silicone oil using the Buckingham PI theorem for scaling. The results are compared with the theoretically computed values. These robots are intended to swim in stagnation/low velocity biofluid and reach currently inaccessible areas of the human body for disease inspection and possibly treatment. Potential target regions to use these robots include eyeball cavity, cerebrospinal fluid and the urinary system.
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da Silva, Sergio Eustaquio Lemos, Vitor Simao da Silva, Karina Santos Silva, Nayane Lopes Ferreira, and Vanessa Silva Miranda. "PREVALENCE OF THE USE AND SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF GENERIC DRUGS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ITUMBIARA-GO." In I South Florida Congress of Development. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS I South Florida Congress of Development - 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/sfcdv2021-0001.
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The objective of this study was to point out the prevalence of generic drug use and popular acceptance in the municipality of Itumbiara-GO, besides presenting the relationship between cost and benefit, efficacy and factors that influence user acceptance. The study consisted of a bibliographic and field study, through the application of a quantitative methodology, through a structured questionnaire that was applied and a group of 50 randomly selected people. It was verified that most of the group of interviewees has knowledge about generic drugs, as well as their low costs; but reported that they receive information from unreliable sources, which state that the generic medication does not have the same efficacy as a reference drug. The research also related that public policy actions development lives by the Ministry of Health and health professionals are mental foundations for the popularization of generic products. It was possible to conclude that the actions of dissemination and education by health agencies should be continuous, since they have the purpose of informing the community and thus, contributing to the promotion of health, especially, of the low-income population.,
Reports on the topic "Drug safe use"
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DePaoli, Jennifer, and Jennifer McCombs. Safe Schools, Thriving Students. Learning Policy Institute, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54300/701.445.
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A rise in the number of school shootings over time has driven increasing attention to school safety. However, school shootings are not the only physical safety threat students may encounter at school. Other types of violence include sexual assault, robbery, physical attack or fights, and threats of physical attack (with or without a weapon). In addition to immediate physical harms, school violence can have long-lasting effects that undermine students’ engagement and mental health. It can also increase drug use and risk of suicide. Although there is widespread agreement that all children and youth deserve a safe and healthy school environment, there is significant debate about how best to promote student safety. This report summarizes what is known about the prevalence and effectiveness of strategies to improve student safety in schools. While strategies intended to increase physical security have shown limited or no success, strategies to build supportive school communities have shown greater success.
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Ma, He, Jifu Zhao, and Zhilei Wang. Efficacy and safety of HuaYu TongFu Method combined with acupuncture in the treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease：A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0114.
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Review question / Objective: This study is the protocol for a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HuaYu TongFu Method combined with acupuncture in the treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of such combined therapy in the treatment of AECOPD, It provides a reliable scientific basis for clinicians to use this approach to treat AECOPD. Condition being studied: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death worldwide. AECOPD is the most common cause of hospitalization and death in patients with COPD. As lung function deteriorates and the disease progresses, the risk of alveolar hypoxia and consequent hypoxemia increases. Inflammation plays an important role in the progression of AECOPD. Modern medicine mainly treats AECPD by anti-inflammatory, relief of airway spasm, glucocorticoids, inhalants and other methods. Long-term application can easily lead to bacterial flora imbalance and drug resistance in patients. Comparatively, traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture therapy are safe and effective.To assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of HuaYu TongFu Method combined with acupuncture in AECOPD, we created a protocol for a systematic review to inform future clinical applications.
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Syrowatka, Ania, Aneesa Motala, Emily Lawson, and Paul Shekelle. Computerized Clinical Decision Support To Prevent Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepc_mhs4mederror.
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Objectives. To assess the evidence on the effects of computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) on the prevention of medication errors and adverse drug events, related implementation outcomes such as rates of medication alert overrides, and unintended consequences of use. We also summarized the literature around the effective implementation of a CDSS. Methods. We followed the rapid review processes of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program. We queried PubMed and the Cochrane Library to locate relevant systematic reviews and primary studies published from 2015 to April 2023, supplemented by a targeted review of the grey literature. We narratively synthesized the evidence and assessed the overall strength of evidence for the outcomes of interest. The protocol for the review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023449710). Findings. Our search yielded 1,335 unique abstracts, of which 33 articles met the target criteria and were included in the review (27 systematic reviews, one overview of reviews, and five primary studies). Twenty reviews (out of 22) reporting on effectiveness were rated “good” or “fair” quality. One primary study included in the narrative synthesis was rated as having a “low” risk of bias. The evidence covered the effects of CDSSs across various healthcare settings and specialties. The type of decision support provided by the CDSSs and outcomes were heterogeneous between studies. Overall, computerized provider order entry with medication-related CDSSs were associated with reduced medication errors (moderate strength of evidence) and prevention of adverse drug events (low strength of evidence). Improved or targeted medication-related CDSSs were associated with reductions of medication errors and adverse drug events (moderate strength of evidence). However, alert override rates were high and varied between studies, and the appropriateness of the overrides was largely influenced by the type of alert. Other unintended consequences included CDSS-related errors, overdependence on alerts, alert fatigue, inappropriate alert overrides, and provider burnout. An additional 48 articles focused on barriers and facilitators of CDSS implementation. 2 Making Healthcare Safer IV – Computerized Clinical Decision Support Conclusions. Overall, CDSSs reduce medication errors and adverse drug events, with moderate- and low-certainty evidence, respectively. However, there were several unintended consequences of CDSS implementation and use. The evidence of benefits and harms was generally reported in different studies with varying contexts, making the net benefit difficult to estimate. Future research should focus on measuring these outcomes and unintended consequences in the same study to generate evidence on both the benefits and harms associated with using a CDSS in the same context.
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Fernandez, Ruben, Hernando Lugo, and Georfe Dulikravich. Aerodynamic Shape Multi-Objective Optimization for SAE Aero Design Competition Aircraft. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009778.
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The SAE Regular Class Aero Design Competition requires students to design a radio-controlled aircraft with limits to the aircraft power consumption, take-off distance, and wingspan, while maximizing the amount of payload it can carry. As a result, the aircraft should be designed subject to these simultaneous and contradicting objectives: 1) minimize the aerodynamic drag force, 2) minimize the aerodynamic pitching moment, and 3) maximize the aerodynamic lift force. In this study, we optimized the geometric design variables of a biplane configuration using 3D aerodynamic analysis using the ANSYS Fluent. Coefficients of lift, drag, and pitching moment were determined from the completed 3D CFD simulations. Extracted coefficients were used in modeFRONTIER multi-objective optimization software to find a set of non-dominated (Pareto-optimal or best trade-off) optimized 3D aircraft shapes from which the winner was selected based to the desired plane performance.
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He, zhe, liwei Xing, ming He, yuhuan Sun, jinlong Xu, and rong Zhao. Effect of Acupuncture on Mammary Gland Hyperplasia (MGH): a Bayesian network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0058.
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Review question / Objective: This review aims at conducting a network meta-analysis to assess the potential therapeutic effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for the treatment of MGH. Condition being studied: MGH is a benign breast disease caused by excessive growth of mammary duct epithelial cells and interstitial fibers. Its prevalence rate among women of childbearing age is about 13.5-42%, accounting for 99.3% of the total number of patients with breast related diseases, and its possibility of developing breast cancer can reach 5-10%. Breast hyperplasia can cause clinical symptoms such as breast pain, breast lump, nipple pigmentation and mood fluctuation, which brings severe physical and mental burden to patients. Modern medicine believes that the pathogenesis of MGH is related to sexual hormone disorder secondary to hypothalamus pituitary ovary axis dysfunction.At present, the treatment options of MGH are limited and not completely effective. The commonly used drugs in clinical practice, such as tamoxifen, danazol and goserelin, are expensive, which may lead to breast pain, swelling and increase of interstitial fibrous nodules, and the long-term use of MGH has huge side effects. The clinical guidelines recommend that the use time should be 2 to 6 months. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a treatment method of MGH that is effective, stable and safe.
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Duan, Liyang, Xiaoyu Li, Haiqin Rong, Haiju Sun, Yajun Zhang, Shipeng Song, Jianqiao Fang, and Yongqiang Sun. Scalp acupuncture for Post-stroke depression: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0059.
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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of scalp acupuncture for poststroke depression for the first time, and the results of this systematic review will be helpful for clinicians to use scalp acupuncture in the treatment of PSD. Condition being studied: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common psychological sequelae of stroke, which is a state characterized by low mood and aversion to activity. It is one of the main obstacles in the process of stroke rehabilitation, which has a detrimental impact on functional recovery and quality of life and even increases mortality. Although the pathogenic factors of PSD are complex and diverse, it is now widely believed to involve complex interactions between neurobiological dysfunctions, psychosocial distress and biological factors. Despite increasing awareness and clinically based research on PSD, drugs to relieve and treat symptoms have made only limited gains. The use of antidepressants is accompanied by various unavoidable adverse effects, including headache, nausea, restlessness, and sexual dysfunction. A previous meta-analysis demonstrated that acupuncture can be safe and effective for the treatment of post-stroke depression. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews to evaluate the efficacy and safety of scalp acupuncture, which is a commonly used acupuncture modality in the treatment of PSD. Consequently, this study will assess the efficacy and safety of scalp acupuncture therapy for PSD compared to other treatments.
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Tabunov, I. A., T. N. Mikhalenko, L. D. Kuznetsova, A. V. Suetova, and M. A. Shilovskiy. METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN IN A SOCIALLY DANGEROUS SITUATION. Cherepovets State University, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0619.03122022.
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Statistics show that in recent years there has been an increase in the number of families falling into a socially dangerous situation. According to statistics provided by the departments for juvenile affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Cherepovets, the number of crimes in 2021 decreased by only 2.1% compared to 2020. This was influenced by objective factors, in particular the low standard of living, "chronic" unemployment, alcohol abuse, drug use. Having embarked on such a path, the family degrades socially and morally, condemning children to the same existence. It is not surprising that children leave home, spend most of their time on the street, thereby replenishing antisocial groups. Thus, we can say that the current system of working with children of the SOP is not effective enough, since there is no clear algorithm for working with children in a socially dangerous situation. Therefore, methodological recommendations for working with children were developed by the SOP, which includes a telephone communication script for employees of the youth center, as well as a clear and understandable algorithm for working with children in a socially dangerous situation. These guidelines for working with children of SOP are clear and easy to use, and most importantly, they do not require special psychological knowledge, skills and abilities.
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Heyns,, Christof, Rachel Jewkes,, Sandra Liebenberg,, and Christopher Mbazira,. The Hidden Crisis: Mental Health on Times of Covid-19. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0066.
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[This Report links with the video "The policy & practice of drug, alcohol & tobacco use during Covid-19" http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11911/171 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic is most notably a physical health crisis, but it strongly affects mental health as well. Social isolation, job and financial losses, uncertainty about the real impact of the crisis, and fear for physical well-being affect the mental health of many people worldwide. These stressors can increase emotional distress and lead to depression and anxiety disorders. At the same time, there are enormous challenges on the health care side. People in need of mental health support have been increasingly confronted with limitations and interruptions of mental health services in many countries. In May 2020, the United Nations already warned that the COVID-19 pandemic has the seeds of a major mental health crisis if action is not taken. The panel discussed and analysed mental health in times of the COVID-19 pandemic with reference to South Africa, Nigeria, Germany and Spain.
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Zhao, Fangfang, Chunli Lu, Luying Chen, Yaxin Guo, Lijie Lu, Yuerong Jiang, Jianping Liu, and Keji Chen. Red yeast rice preparations for dyslipidemia: A protocol for an overview of systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0032.
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Review question / Objective: What is the quality of systematic reviews/meta-analysis of red yeast rice (RYR) preparations for dyslipidemia? What is the comparative benefit of red yeast rice preparations on dyslipidemia compared to other lipid-lowering drugs? Based on the current controversies in dyslipidemia guidelines and clinical practice, to explore the relative benefits of red yeast rice compared with other lipid-lowering drugs, we plan to perform an overview of existing SRs/MAs. Condition being studied: Red yeast rice (RYR) has been used as an alternative to statin therapy in treating patients with dyslipidemia, particularly in those considered to be statin intolerant due to statin-associated myalgia (SAM), and clinical studies suggest that RYR is well-tolerated, safe, and effective for cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention. Several studies support the beneficial effect of RYR on blood lipid profiles. Dyslipidemia is a worldwide public health challenge because of its high prevalence, leading to significant economic and social burdens. Many systematic reviews (SRs) /meta-analysis (MAs) have been performed to prove the effects of RYR on dyslipidemia during the past several years. High-quality SRs/MAs can provide clinicians, patients, and other decision-makers with a reliable scientific basis. However, existing SRs/MAs showed varied and heterogeneous results.
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Uche, Chidi, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Retrospective Study of Inspectors Competency in the Act of Writing GMP Inspection Report. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317445.
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The research was a retrospective study of twenty-five Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports (from March 2017 through to December 2018) of a national medicine regulatory agency, drug Inspectorate, in West Africa, designed to assess the inspectors’ expertise in the act of inspection report writing. The investigation examined a paper-based tool of thirteen pre-registration Inspection reports and twelve GMP reassessment reports written prior and following an intervention program by external GMP trainers to enhance inspectors’ skill in pharmaceutical cGMP inspection. The study made use of quantitative analysis to investigate each team’s expertise in the act of writing GMP inspection report. Likewise, each report’s compliance with the requirements of three regulatory standards on GMP inspection report writing was ascertained. Impact of intervention program on lead inspectors’ competence was assessed. Lastly, gap in each team writing effectiveness, and lead inspectors’ abilities to deliver an effective report were determined. The results showed one of the inspection team (4.0%) wrote an excellent report. Two (8.0%) of the twenty-five inspection teams penned good inspection reports. Eleven (44.0%) teams drafted needs improvement reports and the remaining eleven teams (44.0%) prepared unacceptable reports. The excellent report and the two good reports had report format that meet expectation. One (50.0%) of the good reports showed the authors possess excellent knowledge of cGMP technical areas. The remain good report (50.0%) revealed the writers’ knowledge.as good. The excellent report showed the authors displayed partial mastery in the use of objective evidence while the two good reports disclosed theirs as having partial and evolving abilities. One of the teams (50.0%) that wrote good reports displayed good use of third person narrative past tense in report writing whereas the other team used the same tense and voice excellently. Generally, a sort of marginal level of performance was prominent among the inspection teams. A gap, if not tackled, will slow down regulatory process through increase report review, litigations that query report factual accuracy (AIHO, 2017) and delay in issuance of marketing authorization. In conclusion, trainings on quality attributes, such as technical content (Quality Management System (QMS) and Site), the use of objective evidence, assignment of risk levels to GMP violations and citing of applicable laws, regulation and guidelines that substantiate GMP observations, were recommended, to enhance knowledge sharing and regulators’ performance in the act of writing inspection report.