Journal articles on the topic 'Drug interactions Prevention'
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1
Liekweg, A., and A. Hinnerkort. "311 Identification and prevention of drug-drug interactions." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 7, no. 2 (September 2009): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(09)70264-2.
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Wittkowsky, Ann K. "Workshop: Warfarin drug interactions: Detection, prediction, prevention." Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2, no. 4 (March 1996): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01061915.
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Cavuto, N. J. "Pharmacies and prevention of potentially fatal drug interactions." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 275, no. 14 (April 10, 1996): 1086–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.275.14.1086.
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Cavuto, Nicholas John. "Pharmacies and Prevention of Potentially Fatal Drug Interactions." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 275, no. 14 (April 10, 1996): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530380028022.
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Aliot, Etienne, and Josep Brugada. "Drug–Device Interactions." European Cardiology Review 6, no. 2 Supplement (2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2010.6.2suppl.8.
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Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have demonstrated utility in the prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, a fair proportion of ICD recipients commonly present with atrial fibrillation (AF), which necessitates antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy to restore/maintain sinus rhythm and prevent further exacerbation of AF, which may result from the frequent co-existence of congestive heart failure. The use of AADs as an adjunctive therapy in ICD patients presents both benefits and drawbacks. Several studies have shown that AADs can reduce the incidence of inappropriate ICD discharges by modulating arrhythmias, thereby reducing symptomology and mortality rates. In these terms, some AADs may be more effective than others. It is always important to consider safety and tolerability in AAD therapy. In addition to known risks associated with sotalol in β-blocker-refractory patients and long-term amiodarone therapy, there are adverse side effects associated with AADs that can promote ICD discharge and even prevent proper ICD functioning through poor arrhythmia detection. Interest in the role of catheter ablation in ICD therapy and/or AADs is increasing owing to promising results from recent studies. However, there are many factors to consider and the potential for drug–device interactions and the resulting clinical implications must always be considered when selecting a therapeutic regimen.
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RIAZ, MUHAMMAD KASHIF. "POTENTIAL DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR DETECTION AND PREVENTION." FARMACIA 67, no. 4 (July 10, 2019): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2019.4.3.
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Jyotsna, M., and Y. Hemalatha. "Drug–Drug, Drug–Disease and Disease–Disease Interactions in COVID-19 with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 5, no. 03 (September 2020): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716786.
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AbstractCoronaviruses are a large family of single positive-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses that can infect many animal species and humans. Human coronaviruses can be divided based on their pathogenicity. Globally so far, over nine million people have tested COVID-19 positive, of which, 4, 25,000 are in India. The FDA for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 has approved no drugs or biologics. Numerous other antiviral agents, immunotherapies, and vaccines continue to be investigated and developed as potential therapies. Searching for effective therapies for COVID-19 infection is a complex process. The cardiovascular disease (CVD) drugs and the COVID-19 treating drugs show potent drug–drug interactions (DDI), disease–drug interactions, and disease–disease interactions.
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Nesar, Shagufta, Muhammad Harris Shoaib, Kiran Rafiq, Muhammad Azhar Mughal, Tayyaba Mumtaz, Ishrat Younus, and Arfa Akram. "Medication errors with influencing factors of polypharmacy among elderly patients using Calcium Chanel Blockers." International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research (IJEHSR) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.144-149.
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Background: Geriatrics refers to age-related health changes and consequently causes complications in polypharmacy, generalizing prescribing patterns. The study aimed to investigate the pervasiveness of medication inaccuracies along with drug interactions.
Methodology: Out of 450 prescriptions only 210 were selected that contained Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) and other drugs. Drug-drug interactions were articulated by Micromedex 2.0, and the harm score was determined by National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention.
Results: The outcomes revealed that 645 medication errors were identified and multiple errors were present in a single prescription. The most frequent error was unstated patient's weight (98.6%) proceeds from drug-drug interactions (66.7%). According to the harm score, 36.66% of prescriptions were placed in category D, there was a statistically significant association between the drug-drug interaction and the number of prescribed drugs (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The prime solution is that the physicians should be facilitated withal trainings about drug interactions and prescription writing skills according to WHO guidelines or other recognized standards.
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Gulick, Roy M., and Charles Flexner. "Long-Acting HIV Drugs for Treatment and Prevention." Annual Review of Medicine 70, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-041217-013717.
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Antiretroviral drugs have revolutionized the treatment and prevention of HIV infection; however, adherence is critical for sustained efficacy. Current HIV treatment consists of three-drug regimens, and current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) consists of a two-drug regimen; both generally require adherence to once-daily dosing. Long-acting formulations are useful in the treatment and prevention of other conditions (e.g., contraceptives, antipsychotics) and help promote adherence. Newer long-acting formulations of approved and investigational antiretroviral drugs in existing and newer mechanistic classes are under study for HIV treatment and prevention, including some phase III trials. Although long-acting antiretroviral drugs hold promise, some clinical challenges exist, including managing side effects, drug-drug interactions, pregnancy, and long-lasting drug concentrations that could lead to the development of drug resistance. This review aims to summarize currently available information on long-acting antiretroviral drugs for HIV treatment and prevention.
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Baumann, P. "Drug interactions in the treatment of Bipolar disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73731-2.
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Bipolar disorders are characterized by many different forms and episodes, which require specific pharmacological treatments. For the treatment or prevention of manic episodes, lithium salts, some atypical antipsychotic drugs and some anticonvulsants were introduced. Antidepressant drugs but also a very limited number of anticonvulsants (lamotrigine) and antipsychotic drugs (quetiapine) are recommended for the treatment of depressive episodes. In addition, benzodiazepines or related compounds may be useful as comedications for sleep problems or for their sedative properties. Polypharmacy is therefore rather common, also in case of insufficient response to a single drug, when the administration of a combination of active agents appears to be promising.Most of these drugs are substrates of cytochrome P-450, and many of them are also either inducers or inhibitors of some of its isozymes. Interactions may also occur at the level of conjugating enzymes. Increasingly, knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of drug transport from intestine to the blood, and from the blood to the brain helps to predict interactions at this level. Indeed, many drugs are transported by P-glycoprotein, and inhibitors and inducers, respectively, may modify the transport of psychotropic drugs. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the interaction profile of each drug before initiating a combined treatment and adapt medication. Sometimes, despite it is known that interactions may occur with pharmacodynamic consequences, some risky combined treatments may nevertheless be useful. In such situations, careful titration of the drug doses and therapeutic drug monitoring are recommended.
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Alderman, Christopher P. "Patient-Oriented Strategies for the Prevention of Drug Interactions." Drug Safety 22, no. 2 (2000): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200022020-00003.
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Leape, Lucian L. "Pharmacies and Prevention of Potentially Fatal Drug Interactions-Reply." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 275, no. 14 (April 10, 1996): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530380028023.
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Pinson, G. Michelle, Jennifer W. Beall, and Jeffrey A. Kyle. "A Review of Warfarin Dosing With Concurrent Acetaminophen Therapy." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 5 (June 3, 2013): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013488802.
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Warfarin is frequently used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism, yet it is associated with numerous drug interactions. Regarding over-the-counter pain medications, the preferred analgesic for those patients who are taking warfarin is acetaminophen. There are, however, reports of elevation in the international normalized ratio (INR) in those patients taking concurrent warfarin and acetaminophen. For those practitioners who manage warfarin therapy, there is little guidance regarding management of the drug–drug interaction between warfarin and acetaminophen. This review seeks to evaluate the drug interaction between warfarin and acetaminophen and provides recommendations for concurrent use of these drugs.
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Woroń, Jarosław, Barbara Lorkowska-Zawicka, Elżbieta Dobrowolska, and Wojciech Serednicki. "Practical aspects of drugs interaction in pharmacotherapy in otolaryngology, ie the 7 deadly sins of pharmacological treatment in otolaryngology." Otolaryngologia Polska 70, no. 4 (May 24, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/00306657.1205273.
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Summary Drug interactions are a growing problem in the practice of otolaryngology. The use of drugs in patients treated with polypharmacy generates the risk of adverse drug interactions which requires specialized knowledge and active prevention. The most common interactions encountered by ENT physicians are identified on the basis of the analysis of medical order sheets and discussed in the article.
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Ahmed, Shahela, Saquiba Yesmine, Mizanur Rahman, and Masum Shahriar. "Assessment of Interactions of Drugs Prescribed for Pediatric Patients in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24, no. 2 (July 10, 2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v24i2.54706.
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Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) represent an important clinical problem. During inpatient admissions, infants, children, and adolescents are typically exposed to different medications, increasing their risk of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs). While drug interactions are reported to be common, there are only few publications of the prevalence of such interactions among pediatric patients in Bangladesh. The present study tries to estimates the prevalence and characteristics of pDDI exposure of pediatric patients treated in children’s hospitals. This observational retrospective study was carried out on 155 patients admitted to a children’s hospital located at Dhaka during January 2019 to August 2019. The medications of the patients were analyzed for pDDIs by using Medscape drug interaction checker. The prescriptions were analyzed for demographic characteristics, medical and detailed drug history. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were evaluated for total numbers, types and severity of DDIs. Total 155 prescriptions with mean age 2.12±2.08 years were analyzed and a total of 25 pDDIs were recorded. The prevalence of pDDI was 17%, of which 12 (48%) were pharmacodynamic interactions, 10 (40%) were pharmacokinetic interactions and 3 (12%) of unknown mechanism. According to the severity of interaction, 4 (18%) cases were categorized as serious, 15 (55%) cases as moderate and 6 (27%) cases as minor. The occurrence of DDIs were significantly associated (r=0.912, p<0.05) with the number of drugs prescribed. The present study has identified pDDIs and also documented interactions in pediatrics patients. It has highlighted the need for screening prescriptions of pediatric patients for pDDIs and proactive monitoring of patients who have identified risk factors in order to promote detection and prevention of possible adverse drug interactions.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 91-98, 2021
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Santos-Oliveira, Ralph, Sheila W. Smith, and Ana Maria A. Carneiro-Leão. "Radiopharmaceuticals drug interactions: a critical review." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80, no. 4 (December 2008): 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652008000400008.
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Radiopharmaceuticals play a critical role in modern medicine primarily for diagnostic purposes, but also for monitoring disease progression and response to treatment. As the use of image has been increased, so has the use of prescription medications. These trends increase the risk of interactions between medications and radiopharmaceuticals. These interactions which have an impact on image by competing with the radiopharmaceutical for binding sites for example can lead to false negative results. Drugs that accelerate the metabolism of the radiopharmaceutical can have a positive impact (i.e. speeding its clearance) or, if repeating image is needed, a negative impact. In some cases, for example in cardiac image among patients taking doxirubacin, these interactions may have a therapeutic benefit. The incidence of drug-radiopharmaceuticals adverse reactions is unknown, since they may not be reported or even recognized. Here,we compiled the medical literature, using the criteria of a systematic review established by the Cochrane Collaboration, on pharmaceutical-drug interactions to provide a summary of documented interactions by organ system and radiopharmaceuticals. The purpose is to provide a reference on drug interactions that could inform the nuclear medicine staff in their daily routine. Efforts to increase adverse event reporting, and ideally consolidate reports worldwide, can provide a critically needed resource for prevention of drug-radiopharmaceuticals interactions.
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Szkutnik-Fiedler, Danuta. "Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug–Drug Interactions of New Anti-Migraine Drugs—Lasmiditan, Gepants, and Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121180.
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In the last few years, there have been significant advances in migraine management and prevention. Lasmiditan, ubrogepant, rimegepant and monoclonal antibodies (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, and eptinezumab) are new drugs that were launched on the US pharmaceutical market; some of them also in Europe. This publication reviews the available worldwide references on the safety of these anti-migraine drugs with a focus on the possible drug–drug (DDI) or drug–food interactions. As is known, bioavailability of a drug and, hence, its pharmacological efficacy depend on its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which may be altered by drug interactions. This paper discusses the interactions of gepants and lasmiditan with, i.a., serotonergic drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors, and inducers or breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. In the case of monoclonal antibodies, the issue of pharmacodynamic interactions related to the modulation of the immune system functions was addressed. It also focuses on the effect of monoclonal antibodies on expression of class Fc gamma receptors (FcγR).
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Calcagno, Anna, In-Wha Kim, Chung-Pu Wu, Suneet Shukla, and Suresh Ambudkar. "ABC Drug Transporters as Molecular Targets for the Prevention of Multidrug Resistance and Drug-Drug Interactions." Current Drug Delivery 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720107782151241.
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Ferri, Nicola, Elisa Colombo, Marco Tenconi, Ludovico Baldessin, and Alberto Corsini. "Drug-Drug Interactions of Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs): From Pharmacological to Clinical Practice." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061120.
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The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, are becoming the most commonly prescribed drugs for preventing ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Rivaroxaban was also recently approved for the treatment of patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Their use demonstrated to have a favorable risk-benefit profile, with significant reductions in stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality compared to warfarin, but with increased gastrointestinal bleeding. Nevertheless, their safety profile is compromised in multimorbidity patients requiring contemporary administration of several drugs. Comorbidity and polypharmacy have a high prevalence in elderly patients, who are also more susceptible to bleeding events. The combination of multiple treatments can cause relevant drug–drug interactions (DDIs) by affecting the exposure or the pharmacological activities of DOACs. Although important differences of the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties can be observed between DOACs, all of them are substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and thus may interact with strong inducers or inhibitors of this drug transporter. On the contrary, rivaroxaban and, to a lower extent, apixaban, are also susceptible to drugs altering the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme (CYP) activities. In the present review, we summarize the potential DDI of DOACs with several classes of drugs that have been reported or have characteristics that may predict clinically significant DDIs when administered together with DOACs. Possible strategies, including dosage reduction, avoiding concomitant administration, or different time of treatment, will be also discussed to reduce the incidence of DDI with DOACs. Considering the available data from specific clinical trials or registries analysis, the use of DOACs is associated with fewer clinically relevant DDIs than warfarin, and their use represents an acceptable clinical choice. Nevertheless, DDIs can be significant in certain patient conditions so a careful evaluation should be made before prescribing a specific DOAC.
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McCabe, Beverly J. "Prevention of food-drug interactions with special emphasis on older adults." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 7, no. 1 (January 2004): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00075197-200401000-00005.
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Alburyhi, Mahmoud M., Abdalwali A. Saif, and Randa M. Saif. "PREFORMULATION STUDY OF CEFTRIAXONE AND CIPROFLOXACIN FOR LIPID BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2022.4.204.
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Several tests should be performed to rule out any potential physical or chemical interactions between the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the various excipients that might be utilized in the manufacturing of the drug formula. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy is a simple technique for the detection of changes within excipient-drug mixtures. In addition to speeding up the aging process of drugs and their possible interactions with excipients, isothermal stress testing was achieved. In this study, Ceftriaxone sodium (CTX), and Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIPRO) as active ingredients were subjected to several tests to exclude any interaction with the excipients that could be used in the formulation of lipid base biodegradable antibiotic for prevention of post-operative infection. The compatibility was tested by using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and isothermal stability testing (IST). As a result, the IR spectral interpretation showed that the spectra obtained from the binary mixtures match the original spectra of API. Generally, there was no obvious and influential change of any characteristic peaks which confirms the absence of chemical interaction between the CTX or CIPRO and excipients. In the IST, the API – excipient mixture shows no significant change in physical properties. There was no change in color, gas formation, and liquefaction of the mixture stored under stress conditions. There was no significant change in the amount of API after storage in stressed conditions at statistical significance (p = 0.05). In conclusion, there are no notable interactions between API and the various excipients that could be employed to create biodegradable lipid-based delivery systems that are effective at preventing post-operative infection.
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Arya, Sagar S., Nada K. Morsy, Deema K. Islayem, Sarah A. Alkhatib, Charalampos Pitsalidis, and Anna-Maria Pappa. "Bacterial Membrane Mimetics: From Biosensing to Disease Prevention and Treatment." Biosensors 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020189.
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Plasma membrane mimetics can potentially play a vital role in drug discovery and immunotherapy owing to the versatility to assemble facilely cellular membranes on surfaces and/or nanoparticles, allowing for direct assessment of drug/membrane interactions. Recently, bacterial membranes (BMs) have found widespread applications in biomedical research as antibiotic resistance is on the rise, and bacteria-associated infections have become one of the major causes of death worldwide. Over the last decade, BM research has greatly benefited from parallel advancements in nanotechnology and bioelectronics, resulting in multifaceted systems for a variety of sensing and drug discovery applications. As such, BMs coated on electroactive surfaces are a particularly promising label-free platform to investigate interfacial phenomena, as well as interactions with drugs at the first point of contact: the bacterial membrane. Another common approach suggests the use of lipid-coated nanoparticles as a drug carrier system for therapies for infectious diseases and cancer. Herein, we discuss emerging platforms that make use of BMs for biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery/discovery, and immunotherapy, focusing on bacterial infections and cancer. Further, we detail the synthesis and characteristics of BMs, followed by various models for utilizing them in biomedical applications. The key research areas required to augment the characteristics of bacterial membranes to facilitate wider applicability are also touched upon. Overall, this review provides an interdisciplinary approach to exploit the potential of BMs and current emerging technologies to generate novel solutions to unmet clinical needs.
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Auxtero, Maria D., Susana Chalante, Mário R. Abade, Rui Jorge, and Ana I. Fernandes. "Potential Herb–Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124.
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Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Zhou, Bo, Xian Zhao, Jing Lu, Zuntao Sun, Min Liu, Yilu Zhou, Rongzhi Liu, and Yihua Wang. "Relating Substructures and Side Effects of Drugs with Chemical-chemical Interactions." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 23, no. 4 (May 19, 2020): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207322666190702102752.
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Background:Drugs are very important for human life because they can provide treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of different diseases. However, they also cause side effects, which can increase the risks for humans and pharmaceuticals companies. It is essential to identify drug side effects in drug discovery. To date, lots of computational methods have been proposed to predict the side effects of drugs and most of them used the fact that similar drugs always have similar side effects. However, previous studies did not analyze which substructures are highly related to which kind of side effect.Method:In this study, we conducted a computational investigation. In this regard, we extracted a drug set for each side effect, which consisted of drugs having the side effect. Also, for each substructure, a set was constructed by picking up drugs owing such substructure. The relationship between one side effect and one substructure was evaluated based on linkages between drugs in their corresponding drug sets, resulting in an Es value. Then, the statistical significance of Es value was measured by a permutation test.Results and Conclusion:A number of highly related pairs of side effects and substructures were obtained and some were extensively analyzed to confirm the reliability of the results reported in this study.
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Kulikova, M. I., O. D. Ostroumova, and A. G. Komarova. "Drug-induced atrioventricular blockages." Medical alphabet 1, no. 19 (November 2, 2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-19-56-64.
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Atrio-ventricular (AV) blockages are a serious violation of the heart rhythm. One of the reasons for the development of this pathology may be taking medications. This effect has a significant number of drugs used for the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, general and local anesthetics, antineoplastic drugs, and many others. The main mechanism for the development of drug-induced AV blockades is the inhibition of AV node conduction. The most common risk factors for the development of drug-induced AV blockades are taking two and more drugs that have an inhibitory effect on AV conduction, the initial duration of the PQ interval more than 0.2 second, initial dysfunction of the AV node, increased plasma concentration of a potential inducer drug due to the presence of kidney and/or liver disease, drugdrug interactions, and specific risk factors for individual drugs. Special attention in solving this problem should be paid to both stopping the developed AV conduction disorder – medication or using an electric cardiostimulator, and its prevention. This article systematizes the literature data on drug-induced AV blockades in order to increase the awareness of practitioners and patients about their prevalence, risk factors, approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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Young, Isabella C., and Soumya Rahima Benhabbour. "Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Oral, Parenteral, and Vaginal Dosage Forms for Prevention of HIV/STIs and Unplanned Pregnancy." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152450.
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There is a high global prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and unplanned pregnancies. Current preventative daily oral dosing regimens can be ineffective due to low patient adherence. Sustained release delivery systems in conjunction with multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) can reduce high rates of HIV/STIs and unplanned pregnancies in an all-in-one efficacious, acceptable, and easily accessible technology to allow for prolonged release of antivirals and contraceptives. The concept and development of MPTs have greatly progressed over the past decade and demonstrate efficacious technologies that are user-accepted with potentially high adherence. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the latest oral, parenteral, and vaginally delivered MPTs in development as well as drug delivery formulations with the potential to advance as an MPT, and implementation studies regarding MPT user acceptability and adherence. Furthermore, there is a focus on MPT intravaginal rings emphasizing injection molding and hot-melt extrusion manufacturing limitations and emerging fabrication advancements. Lastly, formulation development considerations and limitations are discussed, such as nonhormonal contraceptive considerations, challenges with achieving a stable coformulation of multiple drugs, achieving sustained and controlled drug release, limiting drug–drug interactions, and advancing past preclinical development stages. Despite the challenges in the MPT landscape, these technologies demonstrate the potential to bridge gaps in preventative sexual and reproductive health care.
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Klein, Hugh, and Judith A. Levy. "Shooting Gallery Users and HIV Risk." Journal of Drug Issues 33, no. 3 (July 2003): 751–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260303300312.
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Recognizing that HIV transmission occurs within situated interactions between two or more people, prevention research has increasingly begun to focus on identifying the influence of situations and settings on the spread of HIV. Examination of the social geography of risk has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding where and among whom risky practices occur. In this regard, shooting galleries represent interactional territories where the normative expectations of participation within their spatial boundaries can both encourage and reinforce sex- and drug-related risky behavior. Indeed, research shows that those who inject in shooting galleries tend to be at a higher risk of transmitting HIV than those who inject elsewhere. Drawing upon data from a sample of 1,113 active injecting drug users, we examined the demographic and psychosocial factors that predict shooting gallery use. Next, we compared shooting gallery users with nonusers in terms of drug use, followed by an examination of differences in sex- and drug-related HIV risk behaviors. Then, we explored preventive practices that possibly differentiate those who use shooting galleries from those who do not. We end our analysis by discussing the implications of our results for HIV prevention and social policy.
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Bakulin, I. G., and M. Yu Serkova. "Medicinal-microbial interactions and ways of correcting iatrogenic intestinal dysbiosis." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 11 (January 23, 2023): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-207-11-26-35.
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The review presents up-to-date information on the pathogenesis of disorders of the intestinal microbiotope and the relationship of these disorders with the use of medications traditionally prescribed in treatment regimens for various diseases, presents the main aspects of drug-microbial interactions, highlights the issues of correction of iatrogenic intestinal dysbiosis. One of the main exogenous factors in the development of intestinal dysbiosis at the present time, of course, can be considered drug therapy. The extremely widespread and often uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, laxatives, drugs for the correction of carbohydrate metabolism, proton pump inhibitors, glucocorticosteroids, antidepressants, cytostatic drugs to a greater or lesser extent has a negative effect on the human microbiotope. On the one hand, the microbiota is a drug target, on the other hand, the gut microbiota itself can have both direct and indirect effects on the metabolism of drugs. The potential of the influence of microorganisms on the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of drugs deserves increased attention and detailed study. At the same time, the issues of prevention and correction of intestinal microbiota disorders against the background of taking various medications deserve even more attention from doctors of various profiles with the mandatory inclusion of drugs that harmonize the intestinal microbiotope in the treatment regimens of the underlying disease.
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Figueroa-Romero, Antia, Clara Pons-Duran, and Raquel Gonzalez. "Drugs for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy: Current Knowledge and Way Forward." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080152.
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Malaria infection during pregnancy is an important driver of maternal and neonatal health in endemic countries. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended for malaria prevention at each scheduled antenatal care visit, starting at the second trimester, in areas of high and moderate transmission. However, the increased resistance to SP in some endemic areas challenges its effectiveness. Furthermore, SP is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy and in HIV-infected women on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis due to potential drug–drug interactions. Thus, in recent last decades, several studies evaluated alternative drugs that could be used for IPTp. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to summarize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of antimalarial drugs being evaluated for IPTp. Chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and azithromycin as IPTp have proven to be worse tolerated than SP. Mefloquine was found to increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Dihydroartemisin-piperaquine currently constitutes the most promising IPTp drug alternative; it reduced the prevalence of malaria infection, and placental and clinical malaria in studies among HIV-uninfected women, and it is currently being tested in HIV-infected women. Research on effective antimalarial drugs that can be safely administered for prevention to pregnant women should be prioritized. Malaria prevention in the first trimester of gestation and tailored interventions for HIV-infected women remain key research gaps to be addressed.
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Saverno, K., and DC Malone. "PHP92 EVALUATION OF A WIRELESS HANDHELD MEDICATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN THE PREVENTION OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS." Value in Health 12, no. 3 (May 2009): A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)73541-5.
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Sychev, I. N., L. V. Fedina, D. A. Gabrielyan, T. D. Rastvorova, E. V. Strigunkova, K. B. Mirzayev, and D. A. Sychev. "Anticoagulant therapy with direct oral anticoagulants in the context of polypragmasy: a course to safety." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 17 (October 12, 2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-17-52-64.
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Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. For almost 60 years vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been the mainstay of anticoagulant therapy, but in recent years direct oral anticoagulants (DAACs) have become the anticoagulant of choice, as they have many well-known advantages: more predictable anticoagulant effect, no need for dose selection (there is a need for dose adjustment only for renal dysfunction), routine laboratory monitoring of pharmacodynamic effect (except in special clinical situations), less frequency of clinically significant drug interactions compared with warfarin, and less dependence on patient genetic characteristics. The main indications for POAC are: prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients who have undergone endoprosthesis of lower limbs, prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, treatment and prevention of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. The administration of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has long been considered a major therapeutic advance, mainly because they do not require therapeutic monitoring. Despite this, POACs, like vitamin K antagonists, can still cause major and clinically significant minor bleeding, even when used correctly. Considering that POAC patients are often older and have multiple comorbidities, polypragmasy is widespread. Drug interactions involving POACs are important contributors to the increased risk of bleeding. Awareness of these drug interactions and how to address them is critical to optimizing treatment while reducing the risk of bleeding. This review provides an overview of POAC metabolism, the most common drugs that may interact with POACs, and ways to eliminate these interactions.
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Luscher, T. F., and J. Steffel. "Vitamin K antagonists." Hämostaseologie 32, no. 04 (2012): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5482/ha-12050008.
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SummaryFor the last decades, anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) as well as for the prophylaxis and long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism has been entirely based on vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Although very effective under optimal conditions, long-term treatment with these drugs is flawed by the fact that the time in the therapeutic range frequently is suboptimal due to biological factors, drug interactions and compliance.The direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, as well as the direct FXa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban provide more consistent anticoagulation and have proven their efficacy and safety against VKAs in several large scale randomized clinical trials for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation as well as for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. In view of these convincing data and other advantages such as the lack of mandatory monitoring and only few drug interactions,VKAs will most likely be replaced in a majority of patients for these indications. Based on the most recent trial evidence, the current review discusses the role of VKA treatmentand that of the novel anticoagulants.
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Rinner, Christoph, Wilfried Grossmann, Simone Katja Sauter, Michael Wolzt, and Walter Gall. "Effects of Shared Electronic Health Record Systems on Drug-Drug Interaction and Duplication Warning Detection." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/380497.
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Shared electronic health records (EHRs) systems can offer a complete medication overview of the prescriptions of different health care providers. We use health claims data of more than 1 million Austrians in 2006 and 2007 with 27 million prescriptions to estimate the effect of shared EHR systems on drug-drug interaction (DDI) and duplication warnings detection and prevention. The Austria Codex and the ATC/DDD information were used as a knowledge base to detect possible DDIs. DDIs are categorized as severe, moderate, and minor interactions. In comparison to the current situation where only DDIs between drugs issued by a single health care provider can be checked, the number of warnings increases significantly if all drugs of a patient are checked: severe DDI warnings would be detected for 20% more persons, and the number of severe DDI warnings and duplication warnings would increase by 17%. We show that not only do shared EHR systems help to detect more patients with warnings but DDIs are also detected more frequently. Patient safety can be increased using shared EHR systems.
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Yatskova, G. Yu, N. M. Maksymovych, and O. N. Zaliska. "Directions of optimization of information providing of pharmaceutical prophylaxis care for arterial hypertension." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.1.19.03.
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Improvement of informational providing of pharmaceutical prevention care, especially in arterial hypertension, is the main direction for prevention of rational drug use. It was established that only 33% of patients with arterial hypertension control the level of arterial pressure within the limits of norm, and provision of pharmaceutical care will help to achieve the optimal level of blood pressure, increasing the persistence to the use of drugs and improve quality of life.
The aim of the work. The aim was to justify the directions of informational providing of pharmaceutical prevention care of drug prescription for arterial hypertension treatment in implementation of “Affordable Drug Program” for improving data in current provisor (pharmacist) protocol.
The study was conducted on the basis of current legislative acts approved in Ukraine and European guidelines for the treatment of arterial hypertension, as well as publications in the evidence-based basis on October 2018. The following research methods were used: systemic, analytical, content-analysis.
We analyzed the data of European recommendations 2018 (ESH/ESC) and defined new factors influencing the development of cardiovascular diseases. We also examined the evidence in drugs for prevention of arterial hypertension and the most rational choice of drugs for an individual patient, taking into consideration the concomitant status.
We reviewed as well the range of drugs for treatment of arterial hypertension, included in the regulatory lists of Ukraine that are in need of pharmaceutical prevention care. We presented the main interactions of inhibitor angiotensin II receptors. In order to improve the pharmacotherapy of patients the provisors (pharmacists) may use this information for warning about undesired interactions and side effects.
We analyzed the pharmacist protocol for prescribing of prescription drugs for treatment of people with hypertension diseases, the cost of which are partially reimbursed.
We showed that this protocol needs some basic additional information about both the primary prevention and the drugs such as angiotensin II receptor blockers and diuretics for a rational prescription and use of these medications.
The system of information support of pharmaceutists on the rational use of drugs with arterial hypertension is substantiated.
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Perzborn, E. "Factor Xa inhibitors." Hämostaseologie 29, no. 03 (2009): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1617033.
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SummaryOral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors are a promising alternative to current anticoagulants. This paper reviews the latest developments of oral direct FXa inhibitors and focuses on those which have been approved for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip or knee replacement or are in advanced development and have passed phase II (proof of principle) testing.The most advanced drugs are apixaban, betrixaban, edoxaban, eribaxaban, rivaroxaban, LY517717, TAK-442, and YM150. Rivaroxaban (Xarelto→) is the first direct FXa inhibitor which has recently been approved for the prevention of VTE in adult patients after elective hip or knee replacement in several countries, including the European Union and Canada. Rivaroxaban has a flat dose-dependent anticoagulant response with a wide therapeutic window and low potential for drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Rivaroxaban can be given in fixed doses without coagulation monitoring.This review describes the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles and the results of clinical trials with FXa inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders.
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Dyadyk, A. I., T. E. Kugler, Y. V. Suliman, S. R. Zborovskyy, and I. I. Zdykhovskaya. "STATIN ADVERSE EFFECTS: MECHANISMS, DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 8, no. 4 (August 12, 2018): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-4-266-276.
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Statins are one of the most common lipid-lowering drugs in clinical practice. The purpose of this review was to systemize the most frequent statin adverse effects, including mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The frequency of statin-associated muscle symptoms is significantly higher in registries and observational studies than in randomized controlled trials. Diagnosis of muscle symptoms is difficult because it is subjective. The serum creatine kinase is often normal or slightly elevated. Association between statin use and the risk of new cases of diabetes mellitus was demonstrated in numerous studies. The drug interaction of statins, high dosage and concomitant diseases can lead to a persistent and clinically significant increase of hepatic enzymes. Basic glycemic tests, hepatic enzymes and serum creatine kinase have been necessary done before statin administration to identify patients with high risk of intolerance. The risk of hemorrhagic strokes after statin therapy is ambiguous due to randomized controlled trials. It is suggested that statins can inhibit cancerogenesis by inducing apoptosis or reducing cell growth, angiogenesis, and invasion. However, the results of preclinical and clinical studies are conflicting. The majority of the studies are observational or of retrospective nature. It is necessary to provide a larger prospective randomized placebo-controlled trials with a long follow-up. Any doctor should know the potential negative consequences of statins taking into account their expansion. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of statins is important for the safety of patients. Dosages, metabolism and risk factors of drug interactions should be considered to minimize statin adverse effects.
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Ayaz, Zainab, Bibi Zainab, Umer Rashid, Noura M. Darwish, Mansour K. Gatasheh, and Arshad Mehmood Abbasi. "In Silico Screening of Synthetic and Natural Compounds to Inhibit the Binding Capacity of Heavy Metal Compounds against EGFR Protein of Lung Cancer." BioMed Research International 2022 (May 14, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2941962.
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Inorganic pollutant, specifically heavy metals’ contamination, is a significant matter of concern and is one of the key contributors in various health disorders including cancer. However, the interaction of heavy metals (HMs) with lung cancer has rarely been explored yet. Therefore, the present study was intended with the aim to identify the interactions of HMs with the target protein “epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)” of lung cancer and explore potential drug candidates, which could inhibit the active site of EGFR against HM exposure. The molecular operating environment (MOE) tool was used to study the interactions of HMs with EGFR protein. The drug-drug interaction (DDI) network approach was used to identify the potential drug candidates, which were further confirmed and compared with the commercial medicines/control group. Various compounds of twenty-three HMs were docked with EGFR protein. Out of which tinidazole, thallium bromodimethyl, and silver acetate (Sn, Ti, and Ag compounds) showed strong interactions with EGFR based on lowest-scoring values (-20.42, -7.86, and -7.74 kcal/mol, respectively). Among 1280 collected drug candidates, three synthetic compounds viz., ZINC00602803, ZINC00602685, and ZINC06718468 and three natural compounds (berberine chloride, transresveratrol, and ellagic acid) depicted strong binding capacity with EGFR. Specifically, the scoring value of ZINC00602803 (-30.99 kcal/mol) was even lowest than standard lung cancer drugs (afatinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib). Our findings revealed that both natural and synthetic compounds having strong associations with EGFR protein could be potential candidates to inhibit the interaction between HMs and lung cancer protein and can also be used as an alternative for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. However, in vitro and in vivo studies should be conducted to validate the aforementioned natural and synthetic compounds.
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Braun, Barry. "Optimizing the Exercise Drug for Metabolic Rehabilitation." Kinesiology Review 4, no. 1 (February 2015): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2014-0084.
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The concept that participation in exercise/physical activity reduces the risk for a host of chronic diseases is undisputed. Along with adaptations to habitual activity, each bout of exercise induces beneficial changes that last for a finite period of time, requiring subsequent exercise bouts to sustain the benefits. In this respect, exercise/physical activity is similar to other “medications” and the idea of “Exercise as Medicine” is becoming embedded in the popular lexicon. Like other medications, exercise has an optimal dose and frequency of application specific to each health outcome, as well as interactions with food and other medications. Using the prevention of type-2 diabetes as an exemplar, the application of exercise/physical activity as a medication for metabolic “rehabilitation” is considered in these terms. Some recommendations that are specific to diabetes prevention emerge, showing the process by which exercise can be prescribed to achieve health goals tailored to individual disease prevention outcomes.
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Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela, Santiago Pabón-Londoño, and Luis Carlos Rojas-Rodriguez. "Drug safety of frequently used drugs and substances for self-medication in COVID-19." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 13 (January 2022): 204209862210941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420986221094141.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the behavior of self-medication has increased. The dissemination of misleading information regarding the efficacy of certain drugs or substances for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 has been the major contributing factor for this phenomenon. Alongside with the increase in self-medication behavior, the inherent risks to this act such as drug–drug interactions, adverse events, drug toxicity, and masking of symptoms have also increased. Self-medication in the context of COVID-19 has led to drug misuse leading in some cases to the development of fatal adverse drug reactions. It is important that during this ongoing pandemic drugs with potential clinical efficacy against COVID-19 are adequately analyzed regarding their efficacy, safety, and monitoring. The aim of this review is to describe the available evidence regarding the efficacy, safety, and monitoring of the drugs and substances that have been shown to be frequently used for self-medication in patients with COVID-19 (hydroxychloroquine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ivermectin, azithromycin, vitamins, aspirin, and chlorine dioxide) to adequately characterize their risks, safe use, monitoring strategies, and to reinforce the concept that these substances should not be used for self-medication and require a medical prescription. Plain Language Summary Drug safety of frequently used drugs and substances for self-medication in COVID-19 Dissemination of information about potential COVID-19 treatments has led individuals to self-medicate and expose themselves to risks such as drug–drug interactions, side effects, antibiotic resistance, and misdiagnosis. There is a need to review the medical literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drugs and substances commonly used by the population for the treatment and prevention of SARS CoV-2 infection. In this review, we included drugs that are frequently used for self-medication and commonly advertised such as ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, chlorine dioxide, azithromycin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, among others. A brief introduction of the drug and its mechanism of action, followed by a summary of the efficacy in COVID-19 and safety, will be described for each drug in order to promote their responsible use.
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PAVANELLO, Larissa, Fátima G. FARHAT, Rafaela P. CARVALHO, and Hellen T. GREGÓRIO. "Clinically relevant drug interactions involving antimicrobials in a general hospital: a cross-sectional study." Revista Brasileira de Farmácia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.30968/rbfhss.2021.122.0573.
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Objective: To assess the prevalence of pDDI involving antimicrobials and other standardized drugs in a large general hospital in the interior of São Paulo. Methods: quantitative study, with cross-sectional design and data collection by documentary analysis of hospital prescriptions from April to June 2017. Results: 66 clinically relevant pDDI were found, which corresponded to approximately 7.3% of antimicrobial prescriptions, being 93.9% (62) contraindicated / severe and 6.1% (4) moderate. There was no difference in the prevalence of clinically relevant pDDIs between critical and non-critical inpatient, in addition to all contraindicated interactions (10) having occurred in the clinical and surgical units. The most prevalent pDDI were, with respective degrees of documentation, between vancomycin and amikacin (47% - reasonable), clarithromycin and simvastatin (13.6% - good), and ciprofloxacin and simvastatin (7.6% - good). Conclusion: For the proper prevention of potential drug-related problems, mechanisms to guarantee the quality of prescriptions by trained clinical pharmacists are of fundamental importance, in addition to alert systems and drug interaction information for the health team, then ensuring quality pharmacotherapy and patient safety.
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Pagno, Andressa Rodrigues, Carolina Baldissera Gross, Daiana Meggiolaro Gewehr, Christiane de Fátima Colet, and Evelise Moraes Berlezi. "Drug therapy, potential interactions and iatrogenesis as factors related to frailty in the elderly." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 21, no. 5 (October 2018): 588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562018021.180085.
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Abstract Objective: to investigate the use of drugs, potential drug interactions and iatrogenesis, as factors associated with frailty. Method: an observational, cross-sectional, population-based study of elderly persons registered with the Family Health Strategies of the urban area of a municipal region in the south of Brazil was carried out. The sample was probabilistic and involved 554 elderly persons; and the proportional stratified sampling technique by FHS and gender was used. Data collection was performed in the home, with the gathering of information regarding sociodemographic characteristics and pharmacotherapeutic profile and the evaluation of frailty based on Fried et al. (2001). Results: medications were taken by 86.3% of the elderly and there was a prevalence of frailty of 63.0%. A total of 39.4% of the elderly were exposed to polypharmacy, 49.1% used potentially inappropriate medications and 52.2% were exposed to potential drug interactions, the most frequent being enalapril and metformin. An association between increased risk of frailty and the variables: polypharmacy; use of potentially inappropriate medications; potential drug interactions; more than two potential drug interactions with the presence or absence of potentially inappropriate medication was identified. Conclusion: an association was found between frailty and polypharmacy, the use of potentially inappropriate medication and the presence of drug interactions. The findings underscore the importance of the monitoring of drug therapy in this population group with a view to the early detection, prevention and resolution of iatrogenesis arising from the use of medicines.
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Zhuravleva, M. V., B. K. Romanov, G. I. Gorodetskaya, O. V. Muslimova, V. S. Krysanova, and E. Yu Demchenkova. "Topical Issues of Drug Safety, Possibilities of Improving of Pharmacovigilance." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 7, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2019-7-3-109-119.
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Since 2010, Russia has been developing new drug legislation, internal quality control and safety of medical organizations, and has developed algorithms for submitting Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) using an automated information system. On April 1, 2019, Russia launched an updated national database of ICSR, which uses the international ICH E2B data standard, which may increase the amount of reporting to the Uppsala monitoring center. This publication covers the key aspects of pharmacovigilance system development in the Russian Federation. The analysis of pharmacovigilance structure in the Russian Federation is carried out, its main problems are designated. Presents methods to identify causal relationships between adverse reaction and drug, evaluation of its degree of validity (questionnaires, algorithms, and scale), as already recommended by the WHO, and the new modifi ed versions. The expediency of using a scale for determining the degree of reliability of a causal relationship «an undesirable reaction — drug interaction» when analyzing spontaneous reports of undesirable reactions that may be caused by drug interactions is noted. An effective method of detection and prevention of adverse reactions is presented — the Global Trigger Tool (GTT). The question of the need for motivation and training of medical personnel in the correct design of spontaneous messages, as well as methods of identifying the causal relationship between adverse reactions of drugs. The directions of optimization of pharmacovigilance system are proposed, including methods of more effective active surveillance in the identifi cation and prevention of adverse reactions.
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Arul Balasubramanian, Rinson Reji, Rosmy Jose, Sarika Sasidharan, and Kothai Ramalingam. "Drug utilization review of corticosteroids in a tertiary care hospital of Salem District, Tamilnadu, India." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 20, 2019): 2246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1459.
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Corticosteroids are widely used compounds for allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, hormone replacement therapy etc. Hence, with widespread use and actions, these have several interactions with drugs and diseases. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about Corticosteroids prescribing and utilization pattern, to understand the prescribing behaviour of physicians and to identify drug interactions. A retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of dermatology and general medicine in a tertiary care hospital for 6 months. All the patients receiving any category of steroid therapy were included, and the prescribing and tapering pattern of steroids were reviewed. Drug utilization pattern (DUR) was observed and analysed among 150 patients during the study period. The results revealed that steroids were prescribed for various respiratory illnesses (66%) and skin-related conditions (34%). The steroid utilization was found to be more in elderly patients, particularly in males. Intravenous administration was common in 33% of cases. Budesonide was the most commonly prescribed steroid (36%), followed by Hydrocortisone (24%) and Dexamethasone (14%). The most frequent drug-drug interaction was between Hydrocortisone and Theophylline as well as Hydrocortisone and Hypoglycaemic agents. Most drugs were prescribed rationally, although some factors like prescribing drugs in the brand name, without mentioning route of administration, frequency and dose were deviating away from rationality. Not much variation was found in the pattern of prescription amongst healthcare professionals. Although most of the drugs were prescribed rationally, the involvement of a clinical pharmacist in patient care can help in more rational prescribing along with prevention and early detection of ADRs which can directly promote drug safety and better patient outcomes.
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Zakrzewski-Jakubiak, Hubert, Julie Doan, Pamela Lamoureux, Dharmender Singh, Jacques Turgeon, and Cara Tannenbaum. "Detection and Prevention of Drug–Drug Interactions in the Hospitalized Elderly: Utility of New Cytochrome P450–Based Software." American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy 9, no. 6 (December 2011): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2011.09.006.
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Woroń, Jarosław, Wojciech Leppert, Radosław Tymiński, Michał Graczyk, Halina Kutaj–Wąsikowska, Wojciech Serednicki, and Jerzy Wordliczek. "Undesirable effects of polypharmacotherapy in patients with cancer-associated pain treated under palliative care." BÓL 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0655.
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In patients with pain associated with cancer that is treated as part of palliative care, the most commonly used method is polypharmacotherapy. From the analysis of adverse reactions in this group of patients, it appears that the high incidence of adverse drug reactions occurring in this group of patients is due to the undesired drug interactions. Based on pharmacoepidemiological analysis of pharmacotherapy of 600 patients, 373 cases of adverse drug reactions were identified, with the consequence of adverse drug reactions. The paper presents an analysis of these interactions, identifying their sources and methods of prevention, and discussing their legal aspects.
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Schloer, Sebastian, Jonas Goretzko, Stephan Pleschka, Stephan Ludwig, and Ursula Rescher. "Combinatory Treatment with Oseltamivir and Itraconazole Targeting Both Virus and Host Factors in Influenza A Virus Infection." Viruses 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12070703.
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Influenza virus infections and their associated morbidity and mortality are a major threat to global health. Vaccination is an effective influenza prevention measure; however, the effectiveness is challenged by the rapid changes in the influenza virus genome leading to viral adaptation. Emerging viral resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir limits the treatment of acute influenza infections. Targeting influenza virus-host interactions is a new and emerging field, and therapies based on the combination of virus- and host-directed drugs might significantly improve treatment success. We therefore assessed the combined treatment with oseltamivir and the repurposed antifungal drug itraconazole on infection of polarized broncho-epithelial Calu-3 cells with pdm09 or Panama influenza A virus strains. We detected significantly stronger antiviral activities in the combined treatment compared to monotherapy with oseltamivir, permitting lower concentrations of the drug than required for the single treatments. Bliss independence drug interaction analysis indicated that both drugs acted independently of each other. The additional antiviral effect of itraconazole might safeguard patients infected with influenza virus strains with heightened oseltamivir resistance.
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Sharma, Munish, Sabarina Ramanathan, and Koroush Khalighi. "Development of New Deep Venous Thrombosis While on Apixaban." Case Reports in Cardiology 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2842935.
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The efficacy of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in preventing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been established in large multicenter trials. Predictable pharmacokinetics, avoidance of routine laboratory monitoring, and lesser drug interactions have made NOACs safer and more tolerable treatment option in comparison to warfarin. However, cases of treatment failure mainly due to interindividual variation in plasma drug levels can be seen rarely. In this report we describe a case of acute DVT of right lower extremity in a patient who was on apixaban for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to underlying nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
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Dushenkov, Anna, Julie Kalabalik, Antonia Carbone, and Paiboon Jungsuwadee. "Drug interactions with aprepitant or fosaprepitant: Review of literature and implications for clinical practice." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 23, no. 4 (February 25, 2016): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155216631408.
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Purpose Aprepitant and its parenteral formulation fosaprepitant are widely used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Aprepitant exerts modest inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 and modest inductive effect on CYP2C9 substrates such as some antineoplastics and multiple other medications. This article is aimed to provide pharmacists and other healthcare professionals with an updated summary of drug–drug interactions of aprepitant/fosaprepitant and implications for clinical practice. Method We reviewed publications reporting drug–drug interactions between aprepitant/fosaprepitant and other medications. Results Coadministration of aprepitant with antineoplastics or opiods may result in significant elevations in the serum levels of the agents metabolized via CYP3A4, with the best documentation for cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, erlotinib and oxycodone. These alterations did not translate into adverse outcomes and/or necessitate dosing adjustments. The levels of warfarin were significantly decreased by aprepitant requiring prolonged monitoring after discontinuation of aprepitant. Among direct oral anticoagulants, a theoretical interaction between aprepitant and rivaroxaban or apixaban exists. Interactions between aprepitant and quetiapine or diltiazem or sirolimus required dose reductions to avoid adverse outcomes. The intravenous route had a weaker inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 than the oral pathway. Conclusion The evidence on drug interactions of aprepitant with other medications is limited, and the impact on therapeutic outcomes remains to be determined. The intravenous regimen may be a preferred option. As utilization of aprepitant is expanding, practitioners and patients need to be educated about the potential for drug interactions and a need for careful monitoring of patients concurrently receiving aprepitant and CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 substrates, especially those with a narrow therapeutic window.
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Kyselova, Zuzana. "Toxicological aspects of the use of phenolic compounds in disease prevention." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-011-0027-5.
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Toxicological aspects of the use of phenolic compounds in disease preventionThe consumption of a diet low in fat and enhanced by fruits and vegetables, especially rich in phenolic compounds, may reduce risks of many civilization diseases. The use of traditional medicines, mainly derived from plant sources, has become an attractive segment in the management of many lifestyle diseases. Concerning the application of dietary supplements (based on phenolic compounds) in common practice, the ongoing debate over possible adverse effects of certain nutrients and dosage levels is of great importance. Since dietary supplements are not classified as drugs, their potential toxicities and interactions have not been thoroughly evaluated. First, this review will introduce phenolic compounds as natural substances beneficial for human health. Second, the potential dual mode of action of flavonoids will be outlined. Third, potential deleterious impacts of phenolic compounds utilization will be discussed: pro-oxidant and estrogenic activities, cancerogenic potential, cytotoxic effects, apoptosis induction and flavonoid-drug interaction. Finally, future trends within the research field will be indicated.
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Edwards, J. Guy. "Newer v. older antidepressants in long-term pharmacotherapy: Revisiting… Prevention of relapse and recurrence of depression." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11, no. 3 (May 2005): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.11.3.184.
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There is much evidence from clinical trials that antidepressants help prevent relapse and recurrence of major depression. However, this is unlikely to hold true for all patients with depression, particularly those treated in primary care. Individual antidepressants are equally efficacious, so choice (as first-line treatment in general or for individual patients) is largely determined by differences in side-effects, even though many of these disappear during long-term treatment, owing to adaptation. Specific effects that are considered in choosing a drug include those on cognition, psychomotor performance and sexual function; drug interactions, lethality in overdose and the potential for teratogenicity are also considered. There are insufficient entirely objective and generally accepted data on pharmaco-economics to allow for confident recommendations on drug choice for long-term treatment. Drug acquisition costs must be considered by those with restricted budgets, and especially patients in developing countries where difference in cost between newer and older drugs can be translated into more food for a hungry family.