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1
SL, Prabu. "Nano based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy: A Next Generation Theranostics." Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal 6, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/beba-16000178.
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Cancer is considered as one of the foremost cause of illness and death with very complex pathophysiology even though prominent advancement has been made on innovative tumor treatments. Therapeutic properties and the global survival rate are still disappointing for the patients with cancer. There is a shortfall in the capabilities of these cancer therapies, some novel strategies are developed to provide better treatment therapies to improve their quality of life and also aids in reducing the number of deaths. Amongst the cardinal phases towards ensuring ideal cancer management is early diagnosis and targeted drug delivery of anti-tumor to decrease its toxicities. Recently the progress of nanotechnology as novel therapeutics, have advanced and trialed to overwhelm numerous limitations of previously available drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Nanobased therapeutics has provided the chance to directly contact the tumorous cells selectively with improved drug localization, cellular application as well as providing targeted drug delivery eluding the interaction with the healthy cells. In this review, we summarize about various novel nanomaterials as anti-tumour drug delivery carriers for cancer treatment; also provide insight into the superlative necessities of nanotechnology in cancer therapy and its challenges in targeted drug delivery
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Yadav, Neena, Arul Prakash Francis, Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya, Shankargouda Patil, Shazia Mustaq, Sameer Saeed Khan, Khalid J. Alzahrani, et al. "Polysaccharide-Drug Conjugates: A Tool for Enhanced Cancer Therapy." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050950.
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Cancer is one of the most widespread deadly diseases, following cardiovascular disease, worldwide. Chemotherapy is widely used in combination with surgery, hormone and radiation therapy to treat various cancers. However, chemotherapeutic drugs can cause severe side effects due to non-specific targeting, poor bioavailability, low therapeutic indices, and high dose requirements. Several drug carriers successfully overcome these issues and deliver drugs to the desired sites, reducing the side effects. Among various drug delivery systems, polysaccharide-based carriers that target only the cancer cells have been developed to overcome the toxicity of chemotherapeutics. Polysaccharides are non-toxic, biodegradable, hydrophilic biopolymers that can be easily modified chemically to improve the bioavailability and stability for delivering therapeutics into cancer tissues. Different polysaccharides, such as chitosan, alginates, cyclodextrin, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, guar gum, pectin, and cellulose, have been used in anti-cancer drug delivery systems. This review highlights the recent progress made in polysaccharides-based drug carriers in anti-cancer therapy.
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Anitha, P., J. Bhargavi, G. Sravani, B. Aruna, and Ramkanth S. "RECENT PROGRESS OF DENDRIMERS IN DRUG DELIVERY FOR CANCER THERAPY." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 5 (September 8, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.27075.
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With the recent advances of nanotechnology, dendrimers are emerging as a highly attractive class of drug delivery vectors for cancer therapy. Dendrimers are multifunctional smart Nanocarriers to deliver one or more therapeutic agent safely and selectively to cancer cells. The high level of control over the synthesis of dendritic architecture makes dendrimers a nearly perfect (spherical) nanocarrier for site-specific drug delivery. The presence of functional groups in the dendrimers exterior also permits the addition of other moieties that can actively target certain diseases which are now widely used as tumor targeting strategies. Drug encapsulation, solubilization and passive targeting also equally contribute to the therapeutic use of dendrimers. Dendrimers are ideal carrier vehicles on cytotoxicity, blood plasma retention time, biodistribution and tumor uptake. In this review we highlight the advantages of dendrimers over conventional chemotherapy, toxicity and its management, following anti-cancer drugs delivered by using dendrimers and recent advances in drug delivery by various types of dendrimers as well as its diagnostic applications.
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Vasir, Jaspreet K., and Vinod Labhasetwar. "Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 4, no. 4 (August 2005): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460500400405.
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Chemotherapy has been the main modality of treatment for cancer patients; however, its success rate remains low, primarily due to limited accessibility of drugs to the tumor tissue, their intolerable toxicity, development of multi-drug resistance, and the dynamic heterogeneous biology of the growing tumors. Better understanding of tumor biology in recent years and new targeted drug delivery approaches that are being explored using different nanosystems and bioconjugates provide optimism in developing successful cancer therapy. This article reviews the possibilities and challenges for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.
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Subhan, Md Abdus, and Vladimir P. Torchilin. "Advances in Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer with Antibody-Drug Conjugate." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041242.
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Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a potential and promising therapy for a wide variety of cancers, including breast cancer. ADC-based drugs represent a rapidly growing field of breast cancer therapy. Various ADC drug therapies have progressed over the past decade and have generated diverse opportunities for designing of state-of-the-art ADCs. Clinical progress with ADCs for the targeted therapy of breast cancer have shown promise. Off-target toxicities and drug resistance to ADC-based therapy have hampered effective therapy development due to the intracellular mechanism of action and limited antigen expression on breast tumors. However, innovative non-internalizing ADCs targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) component and extracellular payload delivery mechanisms have led to reduced drug resistance and enhanced ADC effectiveness. Novel ADC drugs may deliver potent cytotoxic agents to breast tumor cells with reduced off-target effects, which may overcome difficulties related to delivery efficiency and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic cancer drugs for breast cancer therapy. This review discusses the development of ADC-based targeted breast cancer therapy and the clinical translation of ADC drugs for breast cancer treatment.
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Yu, Han, Na Ning, Xi Meng, Chuda Chittasupho, Lingling Jiang, and Yunqi Zhao. "Sequential Drug Delivery in Targeted Cancer Therapy." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030573.
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Cancer is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of death. However, traditional cancer therapy may damage normal cells and cause side effects. Many targeted drug delivery platforms have been developed to overcome the limitations of the free form of therapeutics and biological barriers. The commonly used cancer cell surface targets are CD44, matrix metalloproteinase-2, folate receptors, etc. Once the drug enters the cell, active delivery of the drug molecule to its final destination is still preferred. The subcellular targeting strategies include using glucocorticoid receptors for nuclear targeting, negative mitochondrial membrane potential and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase for Golgi apparatus targeting, etc. Therefore, the most effective way to deliver therapeutic agents is through a sequential drug delivery system that simultaneously achieves cellular- and subcellular-level targeting. The dual-targeting delivery holds great promise for improving therapeutic effects and overcoming drug resistance. This review classifies sequential drug delivery systems based on final targeted organelles. We summarize different targeting strategies and mechanisms and gave examples of each case.
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Sayyed, Adil A., Piyush Gondaliya, Palak Bhat, Mukund Mali, Neha Arya, Amit Khairnar, and Kiran Kalia. "Role of miRNAs in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy: A Recent Update." Current Pharmaceutical Design 28, no. 6 (February 2022): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666211109113305.
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: The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been one of the revolutionary developments and has led to the advent of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for the management of cancer. In this regard, miRNA dysregulation has been shown to play a critical role in various stages of tumorigenesis, including tumor invasion, metastasis as well as angiogenesis. Therefore, miRNA profiling can provide accurate fingerprints for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic platforms. This review discusses the recent discoveries of miRNA- based tools for early detection of cancer as well as disease monitoring in cancers that are common, like breast, lung, hepatic, colorectal, oral and brain cancer. Based on the involvement of miRNA in different cancers as oncogenic miRNA or tumor suppressor miRNA, the treatment with miRNA inhibitors or mimics is recommended. However, the stability and targeted delivery of miRNA remain the major limitations of miRNA delivery. In relation to this, several nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been reported which have effectively delivered the miRNA mimics or inhibitors and showed the potential for transforming these advanced delivery systems from bench to bedside in the treatment of cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Based on this, we attempted to uncover recently reported advanced nanotherapeutic approaches to deliver the miRNAs in the management of different cancers.
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Li, Jiayao, Yinan Liu, and Hend Abdelhakim. "Drug Delivery Applications of Coaxial Electrospun Nanofibres in Cancer Therapy." Molecules 27, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061803.
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Cancer is one of the most serious health problems and the second leading cause of death worldwide, and with an ageing and growing population, problems related to cancer will continue. In the battle against cancer, many therapies and anticancer drugs have been developed. Chemotherapy and relevant drugs are widely used in clinical practice; however, their applications are always accompanied by severe side effects. In recent years, the drug delivery system has been improved by nanotechnology to reduce the adverse effects of the delivered drugs. Among the different candidates, core–sheath nanofibres prepared by coaxial electrospinning are outstanding due to their unique properties, including their large surface area, high encapsulation efficiency, good mechanical property, multidrug loading capacity, and ability to govern drug release kinetics. Therefore, encapsulating drugs in coaxial electrospun nanofibres is a desirable method for controlled and sustained drug release. This review summarises the drug delivery applications of coaxial electrospun nanofibres with different structures and drugs for various cancer treatments.
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Montané, Xavier, Anna Bajek, Krzysztof Roszkowski, Josep M. Montornés, Marta Giamberini, Szymon Roszkowski, Oliwia Kowalczyk, Ricard Garcia-Valls, and Bartosz Tylkowski. "Encapsulation for Cancer Therapy." Molecules 25, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071605.
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The current rapid advancement of numerous nanotechnology tools is being employed in treatment of many terminal diseases such as cancer. Nanocapsules (NCs) containing an anti-cancer drug offer a very promising alternative to conventional treatments, mostly due to their targeted delivery and precise action, and thereby they can be used in distinct applications: as biosensors or in medical imaging, allowing for cancer detection as well as agents/carriers in targeted drug delivery. The possibility of using different systems—inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers, proteins, polymeric micelles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs), biopolymeric nanoparticles and their combinations—offers multiple benefits to early cancer detection as well as controlled drug delivery to specific locations. This review focused on the key and recent progress in the encapsulation of anticancer drugs that include methods of preparation, drug loading and drug release mechanism on the presented nanosystems. Furthermore, the future directions in applications of various nanoparticles are highlighted.
10
Shakil, Md Salman, Kazi Mustafa Mahmud, Mohammad Sayem, Mahruba Sultana Niloy, Sajal Kumar Halder, Md Sakib Hossen, Md Forhad Uddin, and Md Ashraful Hasan. "Using Chitosan or Chitosan Derivatives in Cancer Therapy." Polysaccharides 2, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 795–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides2040048.
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Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapeutic drugs have become a popular choice as anticancer agents. Despite the therapeutic benefits of chemotherapeutic drugs, patients often experience side effects and drug resistance. Biopolymers could be used to overcome some of the limitations of chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as be used either as anticancer agents or drug delivery vehicles. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer derived from chitin. Chitosan, chitosan derivatives, or chitosan nanoparticles have shown their promise as an anticancer agent. Additionally, functionally modified chitosan can be used to deliver nucleic acids, chemotherapeutic drugs, and anticancer agents. More importantly, chitosan-based drug delivery systems improved the efficacy, potency, cytotoxicity, or biocompatibility of these anticancer agents. In this review, we will investigate the properties of chitosan and chemically tuned chitosan derivatives, and their application in cancer therapy.
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Sahajwani, Ritika, Manish Srivastava, Anamika Srivastava, Chanchal Parashar, Agrima Singh, Prabhjot Kaur, and Jaya Dwivedi. "Advanced Materials in Cancer Therapy." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 7, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2021.721.
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The overview of this review article depends on the various techniques of formation of silver nanoparticles and different application take place in medicinal point of view.
The branch of nanotechnology plays an important role in medical science research. In this different nanoparticle is synthesized which have various application in gene delivery, drug delivery and reduce the toxic effect of drugs in the human body and also act as an antibacterial in pharmaceutical industries.
In recent days silver nanoparticles have had an important role due to their optical and catalytic properties. A large number of different particles or methods are used to prepare the different shapes of silver nanoparticles used in drug delivery. Different shapes of nanoparticles have increased their demand in various researches depend on medicinal uses. Silver nanoparticle preparation can be studied by 3 techniques related to irradiations, chemicals, bacteria, fungi, and plants.
Nanomedicine have a large number of advantages in treating various chronic diseases by using biological agents, chemotherapeutic agents, and used to deliver the drug to a specific site of the body. A silver nanoparticle is prepared for detection tool to detect the adverse effect of diseases on the target cell. Nanoparticles are used in cancer therapy to remove the damaged cell of the body.
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Srivastava, Anand Narain, Jata Shankar Misra, Sharique Ahmad, and Subuhi Anwar. "ORAL CANCER: NOVEL TREATMENTS AND APPROACHES." Era's Journal of Medical Research 9, no. 2 (December 2022): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2022.40.
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The aggressive tumour known as oral cancer can metastasize, produce a high fatality rate, and infect nearby tissue. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, for example, are common treatment options that, when used in clinical settings, have both minimal drawbacks and major side effects. Currently, oral therapeutic medication delivery using targeted drug administration is proving to be effective. In recent years, an effective alternative therapy known as “nanomedicine,” or using nanoplatforms to deliver drugs for the treatment of cancer, has evolved. Thanks to the use of nanoplatforms, drug delivery to the tumour site can be done precisely and with minimal drug degradation in the body. As a result, the drug's toxicity is diminished, its concentration at the tumour site is elevated, and its distribution to other organs is kept to minimum. We present a contemporary review of the development medication delivery targeted for the treatment of oral cancer in this article different oral delivery systems, including as cyclodextrins, liposomes, hydrogel-based forms, and nanolipids are highlighted and explored. Biomimetic systems, such as therapeutic vitamins, proteins, exosomes, and virus-like particles, with a focus on cancer treatment, are also described. The study concludes with a brief analysis of future applications for nanoplatforms in the treatment of oral cancer.
13
Lewis, Lionel D. "Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 58, no. 3 (September 2004): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02137.x.
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Zhao, Xiangcheng, Nuli Xie, Hailong Zhang, Wenhu Zhou, and Jinsong Ding. "Bacterial Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: “Why” and “How”." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 9 (August 27, 2023): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15092214.
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Cancer is one of the major diseases that endanger human health. However, the use of anticancer drugs is accompanied by a series of side effects. Suitable drug delivery systems can reduce the toxic side effects of drugs and enhance the bioavailability of drugs, among which targeted drug delivery systems are the main development direction of anticancer drug delivery systems. Bacteria is a novel drug delivery system that has shown great potential in cancer therapy because of its tumor-targeting, oncolytic, and immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we systematically describe the reasons why bacteria are suitable carriers of anticancer drugs and the mechanisms by which these advantages arise. Secondly, we outline strategies on how to load drugs onto bacterial carriers. These drug-loading strategies include surface modification and internal modification of bacteria. We focus on the drug-loading strategy because appropriate strategies play a key role in ensuring the stability of the delivery system and improving drug efficacy. Lastly, we also describe the current state of bacterial clinical trials and discuss current challenges. This review summarizes the advantages and various drug-loading strategies of bacteria for cancer therapy and will contribute to the development of bacterial drug delivery systems.
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Hafeez, Umbreen, Sagun Parakh, Hui K. Gan, and Andrew M. Scott. "Antibody–Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 4764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204764.
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Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel drugs that exploit the specificity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to reach target antigens expressed on cancer cells for the delivery of a potent cytotoxic payload. ADCs provide a unique opportunity to deliver drugs to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue, achieving wider therapeutic windows and enhanced pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. To date, nine ADCs have been approved by the FDA and more than 80 ADCs are under clinical development worldwide. In this paper, we provide an overview of the biology and chemistry of each component of ADC design. We briefly discuss the clinical experience with approved ADCs and the various pathways involved in ADC resistance. We conclude with perspectives about the future development of the next generations of ADCs, including the role of molecular imaging in drug development.
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Tiwari, Ankita, and Sanjay K. Jain. "Curcumin Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 42 (December 12, 2020): 5430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200429095503.
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Cancer accounts for the second major cause of death globally. Conventional cancer therapies lead to systemic toxicity that forbids their long term application. Besides, tumor resistance and recurrence have been observed in the majority of cases. Thus, the development of such therapy, which will pose minimum side effects, is the need of the hour. Curcumin or diferuloylmethane (CUR) is a natural polyphenol bioactive (obtained from Curcuma longa) which possesses anti-cancer and chemo-preventive activity. It acts by modulating various components of signaling cascades that are involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis process. It interacts with the adaptive and innate immune systems of our body and causes tumor regression. This may be the reason behind the attainment of in vivo anti-tumor activity at a very low concentration. Its ease of availability, safety profile, low cost, and multifaceted role in cancer prevention and treatment has made it a promising agent for chemoprevention of many cancers. Regardless of the phenomenal properties, its clinical utility is haltered due to its low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and low cellular uptake. In the last few years, a variety of novel drug carriers have been fabricated to enhance the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of CUR to attain better targeting of cancer. In this review, the recent developments in the arena of nanoformulations, like liposomes, polymeric NPs, solid lipid NPs (SNPs), polymeric micelles, nanoemulsions, microspheres, nanogels, etc. in anticancer therapy have been discussed along with a brief overview of the molecular targets for CUR in cancer therapy and role of CUR in cancer immunotherapy.
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Pandya, Tosha, Kaushika Kaushika Patel, Rudree Pathak, and Shreeraj Shah. "Liposomal Formulations In Cancer Therapy: Passive Versus Active Targeting." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 7, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v7i2.489.
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In Cancer therapy, Nano drug delivery system comprising of Liposomes, are the most successful mode of treatment in present scenario which also has real time clinical application. Recently it is found that the closed bilayer phospholipid vesicles have many technical advantages over the initially used liposomal formulations. The delivery of therapeutics encapsulated in liposomes changes the biological distribution profile and improves the drug therapeutic indices of various drugs. This review article throws light onto many clinical liposomal drug delivery products. The liposome Nano drug delivery by the active and passive targeting is a boon as it can reduce the off-targeting effects. The current development is more focused on the diagnostic and clinical applications. Receptor targeted delivery systems are extensively explored for active targeting. However, these delivery systems are rarely seen in the clinical application because of conjugation chemistry and other implicit hurdles to develop this system.The development of nanocarriers in the cancer treatment have enormous potential in the medical field. Moreover, Immuno liposomes have been used in cancer treatment as attractive drug targeting vehicles. On the other hand, there are many other liposomal drug delivery systems having passive targeting mechanism for cancer treatment which are widely used due to enhanced retention and permeability of formulation. This review majorly focuses on the current challenges encountered in development of liposomal Nano drug delivery systems and its effective development for cancer treatment.
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Puris, Elena, Gert Fricker, and Mikko Gynther. "The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364.
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Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
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Chen, Fengqian, Yunzhen Shi, Jinming Zhang, and Qi Liu. "Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Epigenetics Cancer Therapy." Current Drug Targets 21, no. 11 (September 18, 2020): 1084–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450121666200514222900.
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This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications in cancer and the epigenetic modifications in cancer therapy. Due to their undesired side effects, the use of epigenetic drugs as chemo-drugs in cancer therapies is limited. The drug delivery system opens a door for minimizing these side effects and achieving greater therapeutic benefits. The limitations of current epigenetic therapies in clinical cancer treatment and the advantages of using drug delivery systems for epigenetic agents are also discussed. Combining drug delivery systems with epigenetic therapy is a promising approach to reaching a high therapeutic index and minimizing the side effects.
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Amin, Mohamadreza, Ann L. B. Seynhaeve, Majid Sharifi, Mojtaba Falahati, and Timo L. M. ten ten Hagen. "Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: The Rotterdam Experience." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102165.
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At the Nanomedicine Innovation Center (NICE) at the Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, we have approached the treatment of cancer by starting with a vision of first establishing a platform that enables us to overcome the low levels of drugs delivered to tumors and the issue of dose-limiting toxicity. Showing that a reduction of the volume of distribution, and a lowering of toxicity and side-effects, accompanied by augmented intratumoral drug delivery, could change outcomes in patients, paved the way to target, not only localized disease, but also systemic and metastasized cancers. In particular, the detailed studies with intravital microscopy we performed at NICE provided us with the necessary insights and affected to a large extent our program on liposome-based cancer therapy. Together with our experience with the loco-regional treatment of cancer, this helped us to develop a program that focused on the subsequent aspects discussed here. We recognized that passive accumulation of nanoparticles was not as effective as previously believed and undertook to improve the local accumulation by changing the tumor pathophysiology and, in particular, the vascular permeability. We added the targeting of liposomes using vascular and tumor directed moieties, to improve cellular drug delivery. To improve payload delivery, we studied the modification of liposomes with phospholipids that help passive drug release and augment cellular accumulation. Second, and importantly, modification of liposomes was undertaken, to enable triggered drug release. The capability for modifying liposomes to respond to a trigger, and the ability to now apply an external trigger (e.g., hyperthermia) and specifically reach the tumor volume, resulted in the current smart drug delivery systems. Our experience at NICE, after a few decades of research on lipid-based nanoparticles, shows that, after the first liposomal formulation registered for clinical application in cancer therapy, further developments quickly followed, while further clinical applications lagged behind. Now we need to focus on and make the next steps towards the clinic, to fulfil the promise that is found there.
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Song, Cheeun, Seung Ju Jang, Woo Hyeok Jeon, Sejung Maeng, Jong Hyun Tae, and In Ho Chang. "Nanomedicines for Therapy of Bladder Cancer." Korean Journal of Urological Oncology 20, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22465/kjuo.2022.20.4.235.
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Bladder cancer is one of most common malignant urinary tract tumor types, and transurethral resection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer followed by intravesical instillation of immunochemotherapy is the standard treatment approach to minimize recurrence and delay progression of bladder cancer. In general, conventional intravesical immunochemotherapy lacks selectivity for tumor tissues and the effect of drug is reduced with the excretion of urine leading to frequent administration and bladder irritation symptoms. Recently, nanomedicines which adhere to the bladder tumors for a long time, and continuously and efficiently release drug to bladder cancers may overcome all the above problems. Moreover, the advances in nanomedicine based targeted therapy have led to significant improvements in drug efficacy and precision of targeted drug delivery. This review shows the available nano-systems of targeted drug delivery to bladder cancer tissues.
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Gupta, Chetna, Aadya Jaipuria, and Nikesh Gupta. "Inhalable Formulations to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Recent Therapies and Developments." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010139.
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Cancer has been the leading cause of mortalities, with lung cancer contributing 18% to overall deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. The primary form of therapy used to treat lung cancer still includes oral and systemic administration of drugs, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Some patients have to go through a regime of combination therapy. Despite being the only available form of therapy, their use is limited due to the adverse effects, toxicity, and development of resistance over prolonged use. This led to a shift and progressive evolution into using pulmonary drug delivery systems. Being a non-invasive method of drug-administration and allowing localized delivery of drugs to cancer cells, inhalable drug delivery systems can lead to lower dosing and fewer systemic toxicities over other conventional routes. In this way, we can increase the actual local concentration of the drug in lungs, which will ultimately lead to better antitumor therapy. Nano-based systems also provide additional diagnostic advantages during lung cancer treatment, including imaging, screening, and tracking. Regardless of the advantages, pulmonary delivery is still in the early stages of development and various factors such as pharmacology, immunology, and toxicology should be taken into consideration for the development of suitable inhalable nano-based chemotherapeutic drugs. They face numerous physiological barriers such as lung retention and efficacy, and could also lead to toxicity due to prolonged exposure. Nano-carriers with a sustained drug release mechanism could help in overcoming these challenges. This review article will focus on the various inhalable formulations for targeted drug delivery, including nano-based delivery systems such as lipids, liposome, polymeric and inorganic nanocarriers, micelles, microparticles and nanoaggregates for lung cancer treatment. Various devices used in pulmonary drug delivery loaded on various nano-carriers are also discussed in detail.
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Iravani, Siavash, and Rajender S. Varma. "Alginate-Based Micro- and Nanosystems for Targeted Cancer Therapy." Marine Drugs 20, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20100598.
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Alginates have been widely explored due to their salient advantages of hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, mucoadhesive features, bioavailability, environmentally-benign properties, and cost-effectiveness. They are applied for designing micro- and nanosystems for controlled and targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy as alginate biopolymers find usage in encapsulating anticancer drugs to improve their bioavailability, sustained release, pharmacokinetics, and bio-clearance. Notably, these nanomaterials can be applied for photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic therapy of cancers/tumors. Future explorations ought to be conducted to find novel alginate-based (nano)systems for targeted cancer therapy using advanced drug delivery techniques with benefits of non-invasiveness, patient compliance, and convenience of drug administration. Thus, some critical parameters such as mucosal permeability, stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment, and drug solubility ought to be considered. In addition, the comprehensive clinical translational studies along with the optimization of synthesis techniques still need to be addressed. Herein, we present an overview of the current state of knowledge and recent developments pertaining to the applications of alginate-based micro- and nanosystems for targeted cancer therapy based on controlled drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and chemodynamic/photodynamic therapy approaches, focusing on important challenges and future directions.
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Cai, Lisha, Xiaoling Xu, and Wei Chen. "The Current State of the Art in PARP Inhibitor-Based Delivery Nanosystems." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081647.
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Poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]–ribose) polymerases inhibitors (PARPi), the first clinically approved drug that exhibits synthetic lethality, are moving to the forefront of cancer treatments. Currently, the oral bioavailability of PARPi is quite low; thus, it is a major challenge to effectively and safely deliver PARPi during clinical cancer therapy. Nanotechnology has greatly advanced the development of drug delivery. Based on the basic characteristics and various forms of nanoparticles, drug delivery systems can prolong the time that drugs circulate, realize the controlled release of drugs, provide drugs with an active targeting ability, and spatiotemporally present combination treatment. Furthermore, nanosystems may not only enhance drug efficiency but also reduce adverse side effects. This review focuses on strategies involving nanoparticle-based delivery for PARPi, including single administration and codelivery with other agents. We believe that nanosystems have great potential in advancing PARPi efficacy for cancer therapy.
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Al Sawaftah, Nour M., and Ghaleb A. Husseini. "Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy: A Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 7211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18877.
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The use of ultrasound as a medical diagnostic tool began in the 1940s. Ever since, the medical applications of ultrasound have included imaging, tumor ablation, and lithotripsy; however, an ever-increasing body of literature demonstrates that ultrasound has potential in other medical applications, including targeted drug delivery. Site-specific drug delivery involves delivering drugs to diseased areas with a high degree of precision, which is particularly advantageous in cancer treatment as it would minimize the adverse side effects experienced by patients. This review addresses the ability of ultrasound to induce localized and controlled drug release from nanocarriers, namely micelles and liposomes, utilizing thermal and/or mechanical effects. The interactions of ultrasound with micelles and liposomes, the effects of the lipid composition, and ultrasound parameters on the release of encapsulated drugs are discussed. In addition, a survey of the literature detailing some in vitro and in vivo ultrasound triggered drug delivery systems is presented.
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Tran, Phuong H. L., Wei Duan, Beom-Jin Lee, and Thao T. D. Tran. "Nanogels for Skin Cancer Therapy via Transdermal Delivery: Current Designs." Current Drug Metabolism 20, no. 7 (August 7, 2019): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200220666190618100030.
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Background: Recently, several strategies have been proposed for skin cancer therapy by transdermal delivery, and particularly the use of nanotechnology. Methods: This process disrupts the stratum corneum to deliver a drug through the skin, allowing it to accumulate at the tumor site. Results: Nanogels are drug delivery systems that can be applied to many diseases. Nanogel engineering has been widely studied for use in drug delivery, particularly in cancer theranostics. This review summarizes specific strategies for using nanogels to treat skin cancer, a topic that is limited in recent literature. Conclusion: Advanced techniques for effective skin cancer therapy based on the nanogel’s penetration and cellular uptake abilities will be discussed. Moreover, techniques for penetrating the skin, as well as drug release, permeation studies, and microscopic observations, will also be discussed.
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Joseph, NishaMary, and PramodKumar Sharma. "Nanoparticle: Drug delivery system for cancer therapy." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 2, no. 3 (2008): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.43296.
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Sugahara, K. N., T. Teesalu, P. P. Karmali, V. R. Kotamraju, L. Agemy, A. M. Lowy, and E. Ruoslahti. "Tumor-penetrating drug delivery for cancer therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2010): e13590-e13590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e13590.
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Zhang, Gen, Xin Zeng, and Ping Li. "Nanomaterials in Cancer-Therapy Drug Delivery System." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2013.1583.
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Lu, Zheng-Rong, and Peter Qiao. "Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy, Quo Vadis?" Molecular Pharmaceutics 15, no. 9 (March 19, 2018): 3603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00037.
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Qin, Si-Yong, Ai-Qing Zhang, Si-Xue Cheng, Lei Rong, and Xian-Zheng Zhang. "Drug self-delivery systems for cancer therapy." Biomaterials 112 (January 2017): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.016.
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Nicoletta, Fiore Pasquale, and Francesca Iemma. "Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010207.
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Iravani, Siavash, and Rajender S. Varma. "Nanosponges for Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142440.
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Nanosponges with three-dimensional (3D) porous structures, narrow size distribution, and high entrapment efficiency are widely engineered for cancer therapy and drug delivery purposes. They protect the molecular agents from degradation and help to improve the solubility of lipophilic therapeutic agents/drugs with targeted delivery options in addition to being magnetized to attain suitable magnetic features. Nanosponge-based delivery systems have been applied for cancer therapy with high specificity, biocompatibility, degradability, and prolonged release behavior. In this context, the drug loading within nanosponges is influenced by the crystallization degree. Notably, 3D printing technologies can be applied for the development of novel nanosponge-based systems for biomedical applications. The impacts of polymers, cross-linkers, type of drugs, temperature, loading and mechanism of drug release, fabrication methods, and substitution degree ought to be analytically evaluated. Eco-friendly techniques for the manufacturing of nanosponges still need to be uncovered in addition to the existing methods, such as solvent techniques, ultrasound-assisted preparation, melting strategies, and emulsion solvent diffusion methods. Herein, the recent advancements associated with the drug delivery and cancer therapy potential of nanosponges (chiefly, cyclodextrin-based, DNAzyme, and ethylcellulose nanosponges) are deliberated, focusing on the important challenges and future perspectives.
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Avramović, Nataša, Boris Mandić, Ana Savić-Radojević, and Tatjana Simić. "Polymeric Nanocarriers of Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040298.
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Conventional chemotherapy is the most common therapeutic method for treating cancer by the application of small toxic molecules thatinteract with DNA and causecell death. Unfortunately, these chemotherapeutic agents are non-selective and can damage both cancer and healthy tissues, producing diverse side effects, andthey can have a short circulation half-life and limited targeting. Many synthetic polymers have found application as nanocarriers of intelligent drug delivery systems (DDSs). Their unique physicochemical properties allow them to carry drugs with high efficiency, specificallytarget cancer tissue and control drug release. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to design smart nanoplatforms, including amphiphilic block copolymers, polymer-drug conjugates and in particular pH- and redox-stimuli-responsive nanoparticles (NPs). This review is focused on a new generation of polymer-based DDSs with specific chemical functionalities that improve their hydrophilicity, drug loading and cellular interactions.Recentlydesigned multifunctional DDSs used in cancer therapy are highlighted in this review.
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Gowtham, Pemula. "Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery in Melanoma." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology 6, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.331-337.
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Cancer remains a major killer of mankind. Failure of conventional chemotherapy has resulted in recurrence and development of virulent multi drug resitant (MDR) phenotypes adding to the complexity and diversity of this deadly disease. Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous type of skin cancer, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear Drug delivery systems (DDS) such as lipid- or polymer-based nanoparticles can be designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs administered parenterally with the emergence of nanotechnology, the use of nano-carriers is widely expected to alter the landscape of melanoma treatment multifunctional nanoparticles that can integrate various key components such as drugs, genes, imaging agents and targeting ligands using unique delivery platforms would be more efficient in treating cancers. This review presents some of the important principles involved in development and novel methods of treating cancers using multifunctional-targeted nanopicles. Illustrative examples of nanoparticles engineered for drug/gene combination delivery and stimuli respnsive nanoparticle systems for cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Smith, Howard. "Intrathecal Drug Delivery." Pain Physician 2s;11, no. 3;2s (March 14, 2008): S89—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/s89.
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Intrathecal analgesia has emerged as a key therapeutic option for pain relief for patients who have failed other treatment avenues as well as patients with adequate analgesia on high dose enteral or parenteral therapy but with unacceptable side effects. Intrethecal infusions of analgesics have been increasingly utilized since the later 1980s for the treatment of persistent pain. The purpose of this review is to provide research based clinical insight regarding the safe and appropriate use of the intrathecal infusion modality. Long-term intrathecal infusion analgesia or long-term intrathecal or long-term intrathecal analgesic therapy has significantly progressed over the past 25 years. The evidence for implantable intrathecal infusion systems is strong for short-term improvement in pain of malignancy or neuropathic pain. The evidence is moderate for long-term management of persistent pain. Reasonably strong evidence exists for the use of long-term intrathecal analgesic therapy in alleviation of cancer pain; however, the evidence supporting long-term efficacy in persistent noncancer pain is less convincing. Future studies are needed to better define the role of long-term intrathecal analgesic therapy in persistent pain, especially with respect to which pain conditions or subpopulations of patients are most responsive to ong-term intrathecal analgesic therapy, and which agents or combination of agents are most appropriate for which pain conditions or subpopulations of patients. Novel combinations of intrathecal analgesics such as clonidine and gabapentin deserve future study. The current body of literature supports the use of intrathecal agents for the treatment of moderate or severe pain related to cancer and noncancer origins. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new intrathecal drugs, the complications related to these devices, and the proper selection of patients to receive these treatments. Key words: Intrathecal, morphine, baclofen, pump, implantable, infusion
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Lohcharoenkal, Warangkana, Liying Wang, Yi Charlie Chen, and Yon Rojanasakul. "Protein Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Carriers for Cancer Therapy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/180549.
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Nanoparticles have increasingly been used for a variety of applications, most notably for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. A large number of nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been developed for cancer treatment and various materials have been explored as drug delivery agents to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs. Natural biomolecules such as proteins are an attractive alternative to synthetic polymers which are commonly used in drug formulations because of their safety. In general, protein nanoparticles offer a number of advantages including biocompatibility and biodegradability. They can be prepared under mild conditions without the use of toxic chemicals or organic solvents. Moreover, due to their defined primary structure, protein-based nanoparticles offer various possibilities for surface modifications including covalent attachment of drugs and targeting ligands. In this paper, we review the most significant advancements in protein nanoparticle technology and their use in drug delivery arena. We then examine the various sources of protein materials that have been used successfully for the construction of protein nanoparticles as well as their methods of preparation. Finally, we discuss the applications of protein nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
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Asif, Shahrukh, Sidra Altaf, and Asma Kaleem. "Nanoparticles Targeted Drug Delivery in Lung Cancer." Global Drug Design & Development Review VI, no. IV (December 30, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2021(vi-iv).04.
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Lung cancer is one of the top most leading cancers in the world. Nano-scale size dependent properties of the nano particles revolutionized the targeted therapy for the lung cancer. Nasal drug delivery of the nano particle aid in enhancing the effect at targeted site. Vascularization, large surfaced area and rapid disposition of drug nano particles is encouraging toward the inhalable drug delivery. The main purpose of the review is to gather the recent literature work in the area of nano particle uses in lung cancer and work on the development of targeted drug deliveryples.
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Kim, Kibeom, Jungmin Lee, and Myoung-Hwan Park. "Microbubble Delivery Platform for Ultrasound-Mediated Therapy in Brain Cancers." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (February 19, 2023): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020698.
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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most selective endothelial barriers that protect the brain and maintains homeostasis in neural microenvironments. This barrier restricts the passage of molecules into the brain, except for gaseous or extremely small hydrophobic molecules. Thus, the BBB hinders the delivery of drugs with large molecular weights for the treatment of brain cancers. Various methods have been used to deliver drugs to the brain by circumventing the BBB; however, they have limitations such as drug diversity and low delivery efficiency. To overcome this challenge, microbubbles (MBs)-based drug delivery systems have garnered a lot of interest in recent years. MBs are widely used as contrast agents and are recently being researched as a vehicle for delivering drugs, proteins, and gene complexes. The MBs are 1–10 μm in size and consist of a gas core and an organic shell, which cause physical changes, such as bubble expansion, contraction, vibration, and collapse, in response to ultrasound. The physical changes in the MBs and the resulting energy lead to biological changes in the BBB and cause the drug to penetrate it, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect. Particularly, this review describes a state-of-the-art strategy for fabricating MB-based delivery platforms and their use with ultrasound in brain cancer therapy.
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Jain, K. K. "Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 4, no. 4 (August 2005): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460500400401.
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Cancer drug delivery is no longer simply wrapping the drug in new formulations for different routes of delivery. Knowledge and experience from other technologies such as nanotechnology, advanced polymer chemistry, and electronic engineering, are being brought together in developing novel methods of drug delivery. Advances in our knowledge of molecular biology of cancer and pathways involved in malignant transformation of cells are revolutionizing the approach to cancer treatment with a focus is on targeted cancer therapy. The newer approaches to cancer treatment not only supplement the conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy but also aim to prevent damage to the normal tissues and overcome drug resistance. Innovative methods of cancer treatment require new concepts of drug delivery in cancer.
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Zhu, Dandan, Huanle Zhang, Yuanzheng Huang, Baoping Lian, Chi Ma, Lili Han, Yu Chen, et al. "A Self-Assembling Amphiphilic Peptide Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071092.
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Despite being a mainstay of clinical cancer treatment, chemotherapy is limited by its severe side effects and inherent or acquired drug resistance. Nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems are widely expected to bring new hope for cancer therapy. These systems exploit the ability of nanomaterials to accumulate and deliver anticancer drugs at the tumor site via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Here, we established a novel drug-delivery nanosystem based on amphiphilic peptide dendrimers (AmPDs) composed of a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a hydrophilic polylysine dendron with different generations (AmPD KK2 and AmPD KK2K4). These AmPDs assembled into nanoassemblies for efficient encapsulation of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The AmPDs/DOX nanoformulations improved the intracellular uptake and accumulation of DOX in drug-resistant breast cancer cells and increased permeation in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids in comparison with free DOX. Thus, they exerted effective anticancer activity while circumventing drug resistance in 2D and 3D breast cancer models. Interestingly, AmPD KK2 bearing a smaller peptide dendron encapsulated DOX to form more stable nanoparticles than AmPD KK2K4 bearing a larger peptide dendron, resulting in better cellular uptake, penetration, and anti-proliferative activity. This may be because AmPD KK2 maintains a better balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity to achieve optimal self-assembly, thereby facilitating more stable drug encapsulation and efficient drug release. Together, our study provides a promising perspective on the design of the safe and efficient cancer drug-delivery nanosystems based on the self-assembling amphiphilic peptide dendrimer.
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Florczak, Anna, Tomasz Deptuch, Kamil Kucharczyk, and Hanna Dams-Kozlowska. "Systemic and Local Silk-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy." Cancers 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 5389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215389.
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For years, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been the gold standards to treat cancer, although continuing research has sought a more effective approach. While advances can be seen in the development of anticancer drugs, the tools that can improve their delivery remain a challenge. As anticancer drugs can affect the entire body, the control of their distribution is desirable to prevent systemic toxicity. The application of a suitable drug delivery platform may resolve this problem. Among other materials, silks offer many advantageous properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the possibility of obtaining a variety of morphological structures. These characteristics allow the exploration of silk for biomedical applications and as a platform for drug delivery. We have reviewed silk structures that can be used for local and systemic drug delivery for use in cancer therapy. After a short description of the most studied silks, we discuss the advantages of using silk for drug delivery. The tables summarize the descriptions of silk structures for the local and systemic transport of anticancer drugs. The most popular techniques for silk particle preparation are presented. Further prospects for using silk as a drug carrier are considered. The application of various silk biomaterials can improve cancer treatment by the controllable delivery of chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutics, photosensitizers, hormones, nucleotherapeutics, targeted therapeutics (e.g., kinase inhibitors), and inorganic nanoparticles, among others.
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Yang, Chunhua, and Didier Merlin. "Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms for Colorectal Cancer Therapy." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071424.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent disease worldwide, and patients at late stages of CRC often suffer from a high mortality rate after surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapeutics (ACs) have been extensively developed to improve the survival rate of such patients, but conventionally formulated ACs inevitably distribute toxic chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy organs and thus often trigger severe side effects. CRC cells may also develop drug resistance following repeat dosing of conventional ACs, limiting their effectiveness. Given these limitations, researchers have sought to use targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs), specifically the nanotechnology-based DDSs, to deliver the ACs. As lipid-based nanoplatforms have shown the potential to improve the efficacy and safety of various cytotoxic drugs (such as paclitaxel and vincristine) in the clinical treatment of gastric cancer and leukemia, the preclinical progress of lipid-based nanoplatforms has attracted increasing interest. The lipid-based nanoplatforms might be the most promising DDSs to succeed in entering a clinical trial for CRC treatment. This review will briefly examine the history of preclinical research on lipid-based nanoplatforms, summarize the current progress, and discuss the challenges and prospects of using such approaches in the treatment of CRC.
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Gu, Zili, Candido Da Silva, Koen Van der Maaden, Ferry Ossendorp, and Luis Cruz. "Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Immunotherapy." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111054.
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Cancer immunotherapy has shown remarkable progress in recent years. Nanocarriers, such as liposomes, have favorable advantages with the potential to further improve cancer immunotherapy and even stronger immune responses by improving cell type-specific delivery and enhancing drug efficacy. Liposomes can offer solutions to common problems faced by several cancer immunotherapies, including the following: (1) Vaccination: Liposomes can improve the delivery of antigens and other stimulatory molecules to antigen-presenting cells or T cells; (2) Tumor normalization: Liposomes can deliver drugs selectively to the tumor microenvironment to overcome the immune-suppressive state; (3) Rewiring of tumor signaling: Liposomes can be used for the delivery of specific drugs to specific cell types to correct or modulate pathways to facilitate better anti-tumor immune responses; (4) Combinational therapy: Liposomes are ideal vehicles for the simultaneous delivery of drugs to be combined with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and phototherapy. In this review, different liposomal systems specifically developed for immunomodulation in cancer are summarized and discussed.
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Mani, Sugapradha, and Venkatesan Kotteeswaran. "Advancement of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy." Research Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1803rjbt1160124.
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A lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle (LPHNP) is a drug delivery vehicle specifically designed for incorporating hydrophobic lipids and hydrophilic polymers into a single system. These hybrid nanoparticles are synthesized from a variety of methods including one-step or a two –step approach based on the desired structure of lipids and polymers construct themselves into an integrated delivery agent through self assembly. This hybrid system offers more advantages than their equivalent individual nanoparticle such as the ability to tune the particle size, loading wide range of drugs into them, extending circulation time, biocompatibility, controlled and sustained release with in vitro stability. The LPHNP extends their role to co-deliver two drugs in combination, nucleic acids, peptides, active and passive targeted drug deliveries apart from usual single drug delivery. This review summarizes the scope of the hybrid system bringing out different types, various modes of synthesis and the factors involved in designing an efficient system along with their applications in cancer therapeutics.
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Maanvizhi, Saba, Vijayakumar Arumugam Ramamurthy, Athithan Velan, and Pugazhenthan Thangaraju. "Biomaterial implants in the treatment of oncology: a review." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212390.
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In globally, cancer is a second leading disease next to cardiovascular diseases in non-communicable diseases, which affect the all ages, sex, social status, ethnicity and primary cause of illness related death. Traditionally, systemic delivery drug systems like chemotherapy via oral capsule, injections of nanoparticles/micro particles, immunotherapy and others, which can inhibit or halt the progression of tumors. The short half-life of drugs which cannot achieve the targeted dose level to the tumor site and not able to target desired cell and commonly produces the organ toxicity. Recently, researchers have been attempting to direct delivery agents for cancer therapy. One of the best methods is a local therapy system, which deliver the drug directly via implantable procedure and it’s achieved the maximum concentration of the desire drug at the tumor site, non-target systemic exposure and minimize the organ toxicity to the patients. Biomaterial implants are widely used in the local concurrent delivery of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents, local delivery of poly-chemotherapy, gene therapy as an alternative to drug delivery, scaffolds for cancer immunotherapy and polymer-based composites of drug molecules. There are different types of polymers like poly anhydride poly [bis (p-carboxy-phenoxy) propane-sebacic acid] copolymer [p(CPP:SA)], fatty acid dimer-sebacic acid copolymer (FAD-SA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (glycerol monostearate-co-caprolactone), alginate and silica, used in successively cancer therapy. In order to minimize the risk of unwanted side effect of different types of biomaterials implants, it’s biocompatible to reduce the ability to elicit the inflammatory effect to the implanted area or the site. Therefore, the key role of choosing the appropriate and biocompatible implants to particular therapy is an indispensable. This should be validated with respect to risk benefit ratio in case of cancers. Biomaterial based implant local delivery systems provide more versatile and tailorable approach to against treatment of different types of the cancer.
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Qiu, Meng, Dou Wang, Weiyuan Liang, Liping Liu, Yin Zhang, Xing Chen, David Kipkemoi Sang, et al. "Novel concept of the smart NIR-light–controlled drug release of black phosphorus nanostructure for cancer therapy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 3 (January 2, 2018): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714421115.
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A biodegradable drug delivery system (DDS) is one the most promising therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. Here, we propose a unique concept of light activation of black phosphorus (BP) at hydrogel nanostructures for cancer therapy. A photosensitizer converts light into heat that softens and melts drug-loaded hydrogel-based nanostructures. Drug release rates can be accurately controlled by light intensity, exposure duration, BP concentration, and hydrogel composition. Owing to sufficiently deep penetration of near-infrared (NIR) light through tissues, our BP-based system shows high therapeutic efficacy for treatment of s.c. cancers. Importantly, our drug delivery system is completely harmless and degradable in vivo. Together, our work proposes a unique concept for precision cancer therapy by external light excitation to release cancer drugs. If these findings are successfully translated into the clinic, millions of patients with cancer will benefit from our work.
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Md, Shadab, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Shahid Karim, Gamal A. Gabr, Mohammad Kashif Iqubal, and Samar S. A. Murshid. "Signaling Pathway Inhibitors, miRNA, and Nanocarrier-Based Pharmacotherapeutics for the Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Review." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122120.
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Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide. The pathogenic mechanism of lung cancer is complex and multifactorial in origin. Thus, various signaling pathways as targets for therapy are being examined, and many new drugs are in the pipeline. However, both conventional and target-based drugs have been reported to present significant adverse effects, and both types of drugs can affect the clinical outcome in addition to patient quality of life. Recently, miRNA has been identified as a promising target for lung cancer treatment. Therefore, miRNA mimics, oncomiRs, or miRNA suppressors have been developed and studied for possible anticancer effects. However, these miRNAs also suffer from the limitations of low stability, biodegradation, thermal instability, and other issues. Thus, nanocarrier-based drug delivery for the chemotherapeutic drug delivery in addition to miRNA-based systems have been developed so that existing limitations can be resolved, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes can be achieved. Thus, this review discusses lung cancer’s molecular mechanism, currently approved drugs, and their adverse effects. We also discuss miRNA biosynthesis and pathogenetic role, highlight pre-clinical and clinical evidence for use of miRNA in cancer therapy, and discussed limitations of this therapy. Furthermore, nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs and miRNAs are described in detail. In brief, the present review describes the mechanism and up-to-date possible therapeutic approaches for lung cancer treatment and emphasizes future prospects to bring these novel approaches from bench to bedside.
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Lin, Xu, Jiahe Wu, Yupeng Liu, Nengming Lin, Jian Hu, and Bo Zhang. "Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Lung Cancer." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030948.
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Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Numerous drugs have been developed to treat lung cancer patients in recent years, whereas most of these drugs have undesirable adverse effects due to nonspecific distribution in the body. To address this problem, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems are imparted with unique characteristics and specifically deliver loaded drugs at lung cancer tissues on the basis of internal tumor microenvironment or external stimuli. This review summarized recent studies focusing on the smart carriers that could respond to light, ultrasound, pH, or enzyme, and provided a promising strategy for lung cancer therapy.
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Karandish, Fataneh, and Sanku Mallik. "Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer." Biomarkers in Cancer 8s1 (January 2016): BIC.S34414. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bic.s34414.
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes 90% of pancreatic cancers. PDAC is a complex and devastating disease with only 1%–3% survival rate in five years after the second stage. Treatment of PDAC is complicated due to the tumor microenvironment, changing cell behaviors to the mesenchymal type, altered drug delivery, and drug resistance. Considering that pancreatic cancer shows early invasion and metastasis, critical research is needed to explore different aspects of the disease, such as elaboration of biomarkers, specific signaling pathways, and gene aberration. In this review, we highlight the biomarkers, the fundamental signaling pathways, and their importance in targeted drug delivery for pancreatic cancers.