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Journal articles on the topic 'Drug delivery devices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Tony, Sara M., and Mohamed EA Abdelrahim. "Inhalation Devices and Pulmonary Drug Delivery." Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 6, no. 3 (May 12, 2022): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcnr.v6i3.3908.

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Inhaled drug delivery is mainly used to treat pulmonary airway disorders by transporting the drug directly to its targeted location for action. This decreases the dose required to exert a therapeutic effect and minimizes any potential adverse effects. Direct drug delivery to air passages facilitates a faster onset of action; it also minimizes irritation to the stomach, which frequently occurs with oral medications, and prevents the exposure of drugs to pre-systemic metabolism that takes place in the intestine and liver. In addition to that, the lung is regarded as a route for transporting medications throughout the entire body’s blood circulation. The type of medication and the device used to deliver it are both important elements in carrying the drug to its target in the lungs. Different types of inhalation methods are used in inhaled delivery. They differ in the dose delivered, inhalation technique, and other factors. This paper will discuss these factors in more detail.

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Hafsa P V and Vidya Viswanad. "Pulmonary drug delivery-Determining attributes." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 3819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2556.

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Pulmonary diseases are one of the significant conditions and influence the lifestyle for a majority of the population in today’s world. From ancient times, inhalational drug delivery is being utilised to target the lungs for the management and treatment of pulmonary diseases with reduced side effects. Factors like the physiology of the respiratory system, selection of devices, particle characteristics, and formulation characteristics affect the efficiency of inhalational drug delivery. The precise usage of the inhaler device is indispensable for the efficient delivery of drugs. The characteristic particle impacts the region of drug deposition and in turn influences drug dissolution. Drug dissolution is also affected by the physiological aspect of the respiratory tract, which is concerned primarily in disease states. Formulation type and characteristics decide the release mechanism and influences the inhalational pattern. Liposomes, nanoparticles, microparticles, micelles, dendrimers, etc. can be utilised for passive and active targeting of drugs to the lungs. Inhalational drug delivery can be harnessed to deliver therapeutic agents to systemic circulation for diseases apart from pulmonary diseases. The inhalational drug delivery techniques and devices are being continuously researched upon and reworked to acquire better drug loading with minor loss during drug delivery. The review focuses on the significance and factors associated with pulmonary drug delivery.

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Ahmed, M. H., T. Naegele, S. Hilton, and G. Malliaras. "P07.05.A Implantable electrophoretic devices for local treatment of inoperable brain tumours." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2022): ii40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac174.137.

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Abstract Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumour in adults, with a median overall survival of fewer than 18 months after initial diagnosis. For over five decades, research has been focused on developing new anticancer therapies for GBM, including anti-neoplastic agents, molecular targeted drugs, immunotherapeutic approaches, and angiogenesis inhibiting compounds; however, the prognosis of patients has hardly improved and temozolomide remains the only chemotherapy shown to improve patient survival in randomized clinical trials. A fundamental limitation of the success of chemotherapy in brain cancer therapies is the blood-brain barrier which significantly reduces the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents delivered into a tumour. Material and Methods Therapeutic strategies that control drug release spatially and temporally represent a significant step forward in terms of reducing side effects and improving treatment efficacy and will thus have a significant clinical impact. Electrophoretic drug delivery devices, which use electric fields to enhance drug transport, represent one such strategy. Results Here, we present an implantable device that enables highly spatially selective delivery of charged drug molecules directly into brain tumours. Our device combines a microfluidic system for drug transport with embedded electrodes which enable electrophoretic transport of drug molecules into the target tissue. This allows delivery of chemotherapeutic agents without transport of bulk solvent preventing issues arising from intracranial pressure gradients. We have shown that the device can be implanted safely without any limitation. We have tested the device's capabilities to deliver a wide range of small, medium, and large chemotherapeutic agents without limitations. Currently, we are investigating the delivery of cisplatin in GBM-bearing mice. Conclusion While electrophoretic drug delivery was first described in the early 20th century and has been used since primarily for transdermal drug delivery, we believe that our approach is one of the first times this has been demonstrated for brain cancer therapy.

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Lasserre, Annie, and Praphulla K. Bajpai. "Ceramic Drug-Delivery Devices." Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 15, no. 1 (1998): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v15.i1.10.

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5

Lilley, Linda L., and Robert Guanci. "Using Drug Delivery Devices." American Journal of Nursing 96, no. 10 (October 1996): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199610000-00009.

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6

Ledger, Philip W., and Kirstin C. Nichols. "Transdermal drug delivery devices." Clinics in Dermatology 7, no. 3 (July 1989): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(89)90004-7.

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7

Hilt, J. Zachary, and Nicholas A. Peppas. "Microfabricated drug delivery devices." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 306, no. 1-2 (December 2005): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.09.022.

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8

Krause-Heuer, Anwen M., Maxine P. Grant, Nikita Orkey, and Janice R. Aldrich-Wright. "Drug Delivery Devices and Targeting Agents for Platinum(II) Anticancer Complexes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 9 (2008): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08157.

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An ideal platinum-based delivery device would be one that selectively targets cancerous cells, can be systemically delivered, and is non-toxic to normal cells. It would be beneficial to provide drug delivery devices for platinum-based anticancer agents that exhibit high drug transport capacity, good water solubility, stability during storage, reduced toxicity, and enhanced anticancer activity in vivo. However, the challenges for developing drug delivery devices include carrier stability in vivo, the method by which extracellular or intracellular drug release is achieved, overcoming the various mechanisms of cell resistance to drugs, controlled drug release to cancer cells, and platinum drug bioavailability. There are many potential candidates under investigation including cucurbit[n]urils, cyclodextrins, calix[n]arenes, and dendrimers, with the most promising being those that are synthetically adaptable enough to attach to targeting agents.

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9

Lin, Michael M., Joseph B. Ciolino, and Louis R. Pasquale. "Novel Glaucoma Drug Delivery Devices." International Ophthalmology Clinics 57, no. 4 (2017): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iio.0000000000000190.

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10

Nuxoll, E., and R. Siegel. "BioMEMS devices for drug delivery." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.2008.931014.

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11

Bisgaard, H. "Drug delivery from inhaler devices." BMJ 313, no. 7062 (October 12, 1996): 895–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7062.895.

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12

Lee, Hyunjoo J., Nakwon Choi, Eui-Sung Yoon, and Il-Joo Cho. "MEMS devices for drug delivery." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 128 (March 2018): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.003.

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13

Byron, P. R. "Drug Delivery Devices: Issues in Drug Development." Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/pats.200403-023ms.

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14

Hu, Chuanpu, Damian J. Horstman, and Steven L. Shafer. "Variability of Target-controlled Infusion Is Less Than the Variability after Bolus Injection." Anesthesiology 102, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200503000-00024.

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Background Target-controlled infusion (TCI) drug delivery systems deliver intravenous drugs based on pharmacokinetic models. TCI devices administer a bolus, followed by exponentially declining infusions, to rapidly achieve and maintain pseudo-steady state drug concentrations in the plasma or at the site of drug effect. Many studies have documented the prediction accuracy of TCI devices. The authors' goal was to apply linear systems theory to characterize the relation between the variability in concentrations achieved with TCI devices and the variability in concentrations after intravenous bolus injection. Methods The authors developed a mathematical model of the variability of any arbitrary method of drug delivery, based on the variability with intravenous bolus injection or the variability with an arbitrary infusion regimen. They tested the model in a simulation of 1,000 patients receiving propofol by simple bolus injection, conventional infusion, or a TCI device. The authors then examined an experimental data set for the same behavior. Results The variability of any arbitrary infusion regimen, including TCI, is bounded by the variability after bolus injection. This is observed in the simulation and experimental data sets as well. Conclusion TCI devices neither create nor eliminate biologic variability. For any drug described by linear pharmacokinetic models, no infusion regimen, including TCI, can have higher variability than that observed after bolus injection. The median performance of TCI devices should be reasonably close to the prediction of the device. However, the overall spread of the observations is an intrinsic property of the drug, not the TCI delivery system.

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López-Lugo, Jonathan David, Reinher Pimentel-Domínguez, Jorge Alejandro Benítez-Martínez, Juan Hernández-Cordero, Juan Rodrigo Vélez-Cordero, and Francisco Manuel Sánchez-Arévalo. "Photomechanical Polymer Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery Devices." Molecules 26, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 5376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175376.

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We demonstrate a novel structure based on smart carbon nanocomposites intended for fabricating laser-triggered drug delivery devices (DDDs). The performance of the devices relies on nanocomposites’ photothermal effects that are based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Upon evaluating the main features of the nanocomposites through physicochemical and photomechanical characterizations, we identified the main photomechanical features to be considered for selecting a nanocomposite for the DDDs. The capabilities of the PDMS/CNPs prototypes for drug delivery were tested using rhodamine-B (Rh-B) as a marker solution, allowing for visualizing and quantifying the release of the marker contained within the device. Our results showed that the DDDs readily expel the Rh-B from the reservoir upon laser irradiation and the amount of released Rh-B depends on the exposure time. Additionally, we identified two main Rh-B release mechanisms, the first one is based on the device elastic deformation and the second one is based on bubble generation and its expansion into the device. Both mechanisms were further elucidated through numerical simulations and compared with the experimental results. These promising results demonstrate that an inexpensive nanocomposite such as PDMS/CNPs can serve as a foundation for novel DDDs with spatial and temporal release control through laser irradiation.

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Bok, Moonjeong, Young Il Kwon, Zheng Min Huang, and Eunju Lim. "Portable Iontophoresis Device for Efficient Drug Delivery." Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010088.

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The timely delivery of drugs to specific locations in the body is imperative to ensure the efficacy of treatment. This study introduces a portable facial device that can deliver drugs efficiently using iontophoresis. Two types of power supplies—direct current and pulse ionization supplies—were manufactured by injection molding. Electrical stimulation elements, which contained Ag metal wires, were woven into facial mask packs. The diffusion phenomenon in the skin and iontophoresis were numerically modeled. Injection molding was simulated before the device was manufactured. Analysis using rhodamine B demonstrated a remarkable increase in the moisture content of the skin and effective absorption of the drug under an applied electric field upon the application of iontophoresis. The proposed concept and design constitute a new method of achieving effective drug absorption with wearable devices.

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17

Hoekstra, A. "Pain Relief Mediated by Implantable Drug Delivery Devices." International Journal of Artificial Organs 17, no. 3 (March 1994): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889401700305.

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Various totally implantable drug delivery systems from single access ports to micropumps are now available for administration of repeated boluses, and continuous or programmable infusions. In this respect, emphasis is given to a relatively cheap, totally implantable system for self-administering intraspinal opiates in the treatment of cancer pain. The SECOR® pump system, developed by Cordis, consists of a dual pump with refill port and safety valve. The volume of the pliable reservoir is 12 ml and refill is accomplished with a 25-G needle. The bolus delivered with each transcutaneous activation of the pumps is 0.1 ml. Clinical results demonstrated that this patient-controlled drug delivery system is safe and provides excellent pain relief associated with terminal cancer. A possible advantage of this drug delivery system over continuous infusion pumps is that patients can elect to have the morphine delivered only when they feel pain. Thus pain relief would be maximized and tolerance build-up would be minimized.

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18

Topete, Ana, Benilde Saramago, and Ana Paula Serro. "Intraocular lenses as drug delivery devices." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 602 (June 2021): 120613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120613.

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19

Ficai, Anton. "Triggering Factors in Drug Delivery Devices." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161282502190514121641.

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Ciach, Tomasz, and Aleksandra Moscicka-Studzinska. "Advanced Trans-Epithelial Drug Delivery Devices." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 1752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920111798376978.

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21

Anwar, Maira, Faqir Muhammad, and Bushra Akhtar. "Biodegradable nanoparticles as drug delivery devices." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 64 (August 2021): 102638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102638.

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22

Lilley, Linda L., and Robert Guanci. "Med Errors: Using Drug Delivery Devices." American Journal of Nursing 96, no. 10 (October 1996): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3465038.

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23

Reed, Michael L., Clarence Wu, James Kneller, Simon Watkins, David A. Vorp, Ahmed Nadeem, Lee E. Weiss, et al. "Micromechanical Devices for Intravascular Drug Delivery." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 87, no. 11 (November 1998): 1387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/js980085q.

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24

Stearn, Ruth. "Review of asthma drug delivery devices." Practice Nursing 12, no. 2 (February 2001): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2001.12.2.4445.

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O'Callaghan, C. "Asthma drug delivery devices for children." BMJ 320, no. 7236 (March 11, 2000): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7236.664.

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26

Williams, Shalonda D. "Drug Inhalation Devices and Delivery Systems." Journal for Nurse Practitioners 11, no. 6 (June 2015): 663–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.03.008.

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27

Bertens, Christian J. F., Marlies Gijs, Frank J. H. M. van den Biggelaar, and Rudy M. M. A. Nuijts. "Topical drug delivery devices: A review." Experimental Eye Research 168 (March 2018): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.010.

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Nielsen, Line Hagner, Stephan Sylvest Keller, and Anja Boisen. "Microfabricated devices for oral drug delivery." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 16 (2018): 2348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8lc00408k.

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Kaji, Hirokazu, Nobuhiro Nagai, Matsuhiko Nishizawa, and Toshiaki Abe. "Drug delivery devices for retinal diseases." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 128 (March 2018): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.002.

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Tokeshi, Manabu. "Microfluidic Devices for Drug Delivery Systems." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 128 (March 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.05.009.

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Celia, Christian, Donato Cosco, Donatella Paolino, and Massimo Fresta. "Nanoparticulate devices for brain drug delivery." Medicinal Research Reviews 31, no. 5 (February 16, 2010): 716–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/med.20201.

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Santini, Jr., John T., Amy C. Richards, Rebecca Scheidt, Michael J. Cima, and Robert Langer. "Microchips as Controlled Drug-Delivery Devices." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 39, no. 14 (July 17, 2000): 2396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20000717)39:14<2396::aid-anie2396>3.0.co;2-u.

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Dubey, Som Shankar, and Battula Sreenivas Rao. "ChemInform Abstract: Nanofabricated Drug Delivery Devices." ChemInform 42, no. 46 (October 20, 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201146278.

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Anghel, Sanziana, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Consuela Elena Matei, and Anita Ioana Visan. "Polymeric Coatings for Drug Delivery by Medical Devices." Journal of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment 7 (October 31, 2021): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8792.2021.07.4.

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An analysis of the current landscape of therapeutics and delivery methods was conducted, aiming the field of drug delivery systems. Drug delivery biodistribution characteristics should be systematically understood, in order to maximize the function of these delivery systems. As a result, this review covers a history of the drug delivery systems, as well as the basic terminology associated with them, with a focus on the usage of polymers in the drug administration systems (particularly in form of coatings) and their application. New trends in nanomaterials-based drug delivery systems, primarily for cancer treatment, were presented, involving a technology designed to maximize therapeutic efficacy of drugs by controlling their biodistribution profile. There is a justified need to investigate drug delivery systems in form of thin films because, in comparation to bulk drug delivery system, which have a long and comprehensive history, there is still insufficient and fragmented understanding about the delivery of thin polymeric films, with research limited in general to very specific cases. Our efforts have been concentrated on these specifically polymeric drug delivery systems in the form of coatings. Understanding the dynamic changes that occur in a biodegradable polymeric thin film can aid in the prediction of the future performance of synthesized films designed to be used as implantable medical devices. Extensive research is required to continuously develop new therapeutic systems in order to achieve an optimal concentration of a specific drug at its site of action for an appropriate duration.

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Jia, Fuhao, Yanbing Gao, and Hai Wang. "Recent Advances in Drug Delivery System Fabricated by Microfluidics for Disease Therapy." Bioengineering 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9110625.

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Traditional drug therapy faces challenges such as drug distribution throughout the body, rapid degradation and excretion, and extensive adverse reactions. In contrast, micro/nanoparticles can controllably deliver drugs to target sites to improve drug efficacy. Unlike traditional large-scale synthetic systems, microfluidics allows manipulation of fluids at the microscale and shows great potential in drug delivery and precision medicine. Well-designed microfluidic devices have been used to fabricate multifunctional drug carriers using stimuli-responsive materials. In this review, we first introduce the selection of materials and processing techniques for microfluidic devices. Then, various well-designed microfluidic chips are shown for the fabrication of multifunctional micro/nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Finally, we describe the interaction of drugs with lymphatic vessels that are neglected in organs-on-chips. Overall, the accelerated development of microfluidics holds great potential for the clinical translation of micro/nanoparticle drug delivery systems for disease treatment.

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Stewart, Sarah, Juan Domínguez-Robles, Ryan Donnelly, and Eneko Larrañeta. "Implantable Polymeric Drug Delivery Devices: Classification, Manufacture, Materials, and Clinical Applications." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121379.

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The oral route is a popular and convenient means of drug delivery. However, despite its advantages, it also has challenges. Many drugs are not suitable for oral delivery due to: first pass metabolism; less than ideal properties; and side-effects of treatment. Additionally, oral delivery relies heavily on patient compliance. Implantable drug delivery devices are an alternative system that can achieve effective delivery with lower drug concentrations, and as a result, minimise side-effects whilst increasing patient compliance. This article gives an overview of classification of these drug delivery devices; the mechanism of drug release; the materials used for manufacture; the various methods of manufacture; and examples of clinical applications of implantable drug delivery devices.

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He, Xiaoxiang, Jingyao Sun, Jian Zhuang, Hong Xu, Ying Liu, and Daming Wu. "Microneedle System for Transdermal Drug and Vaccine Delivery: Devices, Safety, and Prospects." Dose-Response 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 155932581987858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325819878585.

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Microneedle (MN) delivery system has been greatly developed to deliver drugs into the skin painlessly, noninvasively, and safety. In the past several decades, various types of MNs have been developed by the newer producing techniques. Briefly, as for the morphologically, MNs can be classified into solid, coated, dissolved, and hollow MN, based on the transdermal drug delivery methods of “poke and patch,” “coat and poke,” “poke and release,” and “poke and flow,” respectively. Microneedles also have other characteristics based on the materials and structures. In addition, various manufacturing techniques have been well-developed based on the materials. In this review, the materials, structures, morphologies, and fabricating methods of MNs are summarized. A separate part of the review is used to illustrate the application of MNs to deliver vaccine, insulin, lidocaine, aspirin, and other drugs. Finally, the review ends up with a perspective on the challenges in research and development of MNs, envisioning the future development of MNs as the next generation of drug delivery system.

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Li, Jingyuan, Hong Xiang, Qian Zhang, and Xiaoqing Miao. "Polysaccharide-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5 (May 14, 2022): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15050602.

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Materials derived from natural plants and animals have great potential for transdermal drug delivery. Polysaccharides are widely derived from marine, herbal, and microbial sources. Compared with synthetic polymers, polysaccharides have the advantages of non-toxicity and biodegradability, ease of modification, biocompatibility, targeting, and antibacterial properties. Currently, polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery vehicles, such as hydrogel, film, microneedle (MN), and tissue scaffolds are being developed. The addition of polysaccharides allows these vehicles to exhibit better-swelling properties, mechanical strength, tensile strength, etc. Due to the stratum corneum’s resistance, the transdermal drug delivery system cannot deliver drugs as efficiently as desired. The charge and hydration of polysaccharides allow them to react with the skin and promote drug penetration. In addition, polysaccharide-based nanotechnology enhances drug utilization efficiency. Various diseases are currently treated by polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery devices and exhibit promising futures. The most current knowledge on these excellent materials will be thoroughly discussed by reviewing polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery strategies.

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Stewart, Sarah, Juan Domínguez-Robles, Victoria McIlorum, Elena Mancuso, Dimitrios Lamprou, Ryan Donnelly, and Eneko Larrañeta. "Development of a Biodegradable Subcutaneous Implant for Prolonged Drug Delivery Using 3D Printing." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12020105.

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Implantable drug delivery devices offer many advantages over other routes of drug delivery. Most significantly, the delivery of lower doses of drug, thus, potentially reducing side-effects and improving patient compliance. Three dimensional (3D) printing is a flexible technique, which has been subject to increasing interest in the past few years, especially in the area of medical devices. The present work focussed on the use of 3D printing as a tool to manufacture implantable drug delivery devices to deliver a range of model compounds (methylene blue, ibuprofen sodium and ibuprofen acid) in two in vitro models. Five implant designs were produced, and the release rate varied, depending on the implant design and the drug properties. Additionally, a rate controlling membrane was produced, which further prolonged the release from the produced implants, signalling the potential use of these devices for chronic conditions.

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Shetty, A., and G. Srinivasan. "MICROFABRICATED ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS." INDIAN DRUGS 52, no. 11 (November 28, 2015): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.52.11.10393.

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Microfabrication is a collection of techniques developed to fabricate micron sized features, best suited to develop the novel drug delivery microdevices. microfabrication techniques were originally developed in the microelectronics industry to produce functional devices on the micron scale such as sensors, switches, filters and gears. Approaches like modification of drug itself to improve its permeability/ solubility characters, encapsulation techniques using micro/nanoparticles, use of protease inhibitors to curb proteolytic degradation, and use of intelligent polymers and hydrogels do not offer a complete solution for adequate and safe delivery of drugs, vaccines, peptides, proteins and others. This technology has been applied to the successful fabrication of a variety of implantable and oral drug delivery devices based on silicon, glass, silicone elastomer or plastic materials. These techniques that are utilized at present have developed as a result of integrated circuit manufacturing technologies, such as photolithography, thin film growth/deposition, etching and bonding. Micromachining allows for control over surface features, aspect ratio, particle size, shape and facilitating the development of an engineered particle for drug delivery that can incorporate the advantages of microparticles while avoiding their design flaws. It helps in multi-cell and multi-site attachment, multiple reservoirs of desired size to contain multiple drugs/biomolecules of interest. These fabrication techniques have led to the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), bioMEMS, micro-total analysis systems (μ-TAS), lab-on-a-chip and other microdevices. Microfabricated devices are designed for uni-directional release, to prevent enzyme degradation, precise dosing and better patient compliance. Drug delivery in the form of microparticles and micropatches have been used for targeted delivery as well as in treatment of diseases like diabetes and cancer.

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Damiati, Samar, Uday Kompella, Safa Damiati, and Rimantas Kodzius. "Microfluidic Devices for Drug Delivery Systems and Drug Screening." Genes 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9020103.

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Goudie, Marcus J., Alyssa P. Ghuman, Stephanie B. Collins, Ramana M. Pidaparti, and Hitesh Handa. "Investigation of Diffusion Characteristics through Microfluidic Channels for Passive Drug Delivery Applications." Journal of Drug Delivery 2016 (May 26, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7913616.

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Microfluidics has many drug delivery applications due to the ability to easily create complex device designs with feature sizes reaching down to the 10s of microns. In this work, three different microchannel designs for an implantable device are investigated for treatment of ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy. Devices were fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and soft lithography techniques, where surface chemistry of the channels was altered using 2-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane (PEG-silane). An estimated delivery rate for a number of common drugs was approximated for each device through the ratio of the diffusion coefficients for the dye and the respective drug. The delivery rate of the model drugs was maintained at a physiological condition and the effects of channel design and surface chemistry on the delivery rate of the model drugs were recorded over a two-week period. Results showed that the surface chemistry of the device had no significant effect on the delivery rate of the model drugs. All designs were successful in delivering a constant daily dose for each model drug.

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Naughton, Piers J., Mary Joyce, Marc Mac Giolla Eain, Andrew O’Sullivan, and Ronan MacLoughlin. "Evaluation of Aerosol Drug Delivery Options during Adult Mechanical Ventilation in the COVID-19 Era." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101574.

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Drug delivery devices used for aerosol therapy during mechanical ventilation to ease the symptoms of respiratory diseases provide beneficial treatment but can also pose challenges. Reflecting the significant changes in global guidance around aerosol usage and lung-protective ventilation strategies, seen in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, for the first time, we describe the drug delivery performance of commonly used devices under these conditions. Here, vibrating mesh nebuliser (VMN), jet nebuliser (JN) and pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) performance was assessed during simulated adult mechanical ventilation. Both standard test breathing patterns and those representatives of low tidal volume (LTV) ventilation with concurrent active and passive humidification were investigated. Drug delivery using a VMN was significantly greater than that with a JN and pMDI for both standard and LTV ventilation. Humidification type did not affect the delivered dose across all device types for standard ventilation. Significant variability in the pMDI dosing was evident, depending on the timing of actuation and the adapter type used. pMDI actuation synchronised with inspiration resulted in a higher delivered drug dose. The type of adapter used for pMDI actuation influenced drug delivery, with the highest dose observed using the CombiHaler.

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Ernst, Pierre. "Inhaled Drug Delivery: A Practical Guide to Prescribing Inhaler Devices." Canadian Respiratory Journal 5, no. 3 (1998): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/802829.

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Direct delivery of medication to the target organ results in a high ratio of local to systemic bioavailability and has made aerosol delivery of respiratory medication the route of choice for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases. The most commonly prescribed device is the pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI); its major drawback is the requirement that inspiration and actuation of the device be well coordinated. Other requirements for effective drug delivery include an optimal inspiratory flow, a full inspiration from functional residual capacity and a breath hold of at least 6 s. Available pMDIs are to be gradually phased out due to their use of atmospheric ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as propellants. Newer pMDI devices using non-CFC propellants are available; preliminary experience suggests these devices greatly increase systemic bioavailability of inhaled corticosteroids. The newer multidose dry powder inhalation devices (DPIs) are breath actuated, thus facilitating coordination with inspiration, and contain fewer ingredients. Furthermore, drug delivery is adequate even at low inspired flows, making their use appropriate in almost all situations. Equivalence of dosing among different devices for inhaled corticosteroids will remain imprecise, requiring the physician to adjust the dose of medication to the lowest dose that provides adequate control of asthma. Asthma education will be needed to instruct patients on the effective use of the numerous inhalation devices available.

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Tomar, Neha, Mohit Tomar, Neha Gulati, and Upendra Nagaich. "pHEMA hydrogels: Devices for ocular drug delivery." International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences 1, no. 4 (2012): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-344x.107844.

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Moon, Hong Sang. "Research on Novel Intravesical Drug Delivery Devices." International Neurourology Journal 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.1620edi003.

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Lee, Seung Ho, and Young Bin Choy. "Implantable Devices for Sustained, Intravesical Drug Delivery." International Neurourology Journal 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.1632664.332.

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Cavallaro, Gennara, Paola Pierro, Fabio Salvatore Palumbo, Flaviano Testa, Luigi Pasqua, and Rosario Aiello. "Drug Delivery Devices Based on Mesoporous Silicate." Drug Delivery 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10717540490265252.

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Stubbe, Barbara G., Stefaan C. De Smedt, and Joseph Demeester. "“Programmed Polymeric Devices” for Pulsed Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutical Research 21, no. 10 (October 2004): 1732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:pham.0000045223.45400.01.

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Bloom, B. S. "Laser-assisted drug delivery: beyond ablative devices." British Journal of Dermatology 170, no. 6 (June 2014): 1217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13072.

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