Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drug carriers (pharmacy)'
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Porter, Christopher John Hamilton. "Targeting collodial drug carriers to the bone marrow." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315061.
Full textOidu, Benjamin. "Uptake of liposomes into bacterial cells." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021010.
Full textMiknevičiūtė, Kristina. "Interactions of biodegradable drug carriers with hydrophilic medium." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070802.101122-62998.
Full textŠio darbo „Biodegraduojančių vaistų nešėjų sąveika su hidrofiline terpe“ tikslas ištirti polimero bei hidrofilinės terpės sąveiką atsižvelgiant į brinkimą, eroziją bei stiklėjimo temperatūros pokyčius, galimą ryšį tarp polimero brinkimo ir stiklėjimo temperatūros, apžvelgti nano ir mikro dalelių paruošimo bei įvertinimo teoriją. Literatūros apžvalgoje dėmesys skiriamas informacijai apie poliesteramidus ir linijinius, šakotus ar praplėstos grandinės poliesterius. Šioje dalyje aptariami įvairūs polimerų biodegradacijos, amorfinės fazės polimerų terminės analizės aspektai, taip pat nano bei mikrodalelės kaip vaisto forma. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai yra ištirti penkiolika neseniai susintetintų oligomerinių bei polimerinių vaistų nešėjų atsižvelgiant į jų brinkimą bei eroziją, įvertinti kai kurių linijinių oligoesterių degradacija in vitro atsižvelgiant į stiklėjimo temperatūrą matuojant diferencinės skenuojančios kalorimetrijos metodu. Atkreiptas dėmesys į galimą ryšį tarp stiklėjimo temperatūros ir brinkimo kinetikos, kurio nepastebėta; manoma, kad dėl to, jog molekulės grandinės atsipalaidavimas pasireiškia dėl skirtingų mechanizmų. Brinkimo laipsnis priklauso nuo osmotinių reiškinių, o stiklėjimo temperatūrai įtaką daro molekulės poliarizacija. Šis darbas yra pradinis etapas tiriant šiuos polimerus. Šio darbo rezultatai padės atrenkant perspektyvias medžiagas tolimesniems tyrimams, prognozuojant galimas jų panaudojimo galimybes.
Corswant, Christian von. "Lecithin-based microemulsions for pharmaceutical use phase behavior and solution structure /." Lund : Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945035.html.
Full textAzevedo, Eduardo Pereira de. "Aldehyde-functionalized chitosan and cellulose:chitosan composites: application as drug carriers and vascular bypass grafts." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1119.
Full textMan, Kwun-wai Dede, and 文冠慧. "Oleanolic acid delivery using biodegradable nanoparticles for cancer therapy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208550.
Full textLendemans, Dirk G., and n/a. "Novel cationic preparations of iscoms as vaccine carriers." University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060810.141916.
Full textNadkarni, Sreekant Raghuveer. "Controlled delivery of pilocarpine." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/128390700.pdf.
Full textSaraf, Poonam S. "RGD based peptide amphiphiles as drug carriers for cancer targeting." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/137.
Full textPan, Xiaogang. "Design and evaluation of lipid based delivery systems for delivery of small molecules and macro-molecular nucleotides based therapeutic agents." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164679618.
Full textZhang, Huizhen. "Liposome drug delivery systems for anticancer agents." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/711.
Full textAtluri, Harisha Mitra Ashim K. "Part I: Vitreous disposition of alcohols as a function of lipophilicity part II: transporter mediated delivery of acycloguanosine antivirals to retina /." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
Find full text"A dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry." Advisor: Ashim K. Mitra. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 22, 2006; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-188). Online version of the print edition.
Riley, Christine Marie 1964. "The effect of triacetin on solubility of diazepam and phenytoin." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277304.
Full textLiang, Wanling, and 梁婉玲. "Formulation of nucleic acid with pH-responsive amphipathic peptides for pulmonary delivery." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207996.
Full textGebremichael, Ermias. "Pharmaceutical Eutectics: Characterization and Evaluation of Tolbutamide and Haloperidol using Thermal Analytical and Complementary Techniques." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1271439418.
Full textTypescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Science degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences with Industrial Pharmacy Option." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 87-102.
Benkorah, Amal Y. "An investigation of in vitro percutaneous penetration enhancement of benzocaine by azone, dimethylsulfoxide, and 2-pyrrolidone." Scholarly Commons, 1986. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/494.
Full textMorello, A. Peter. "Novel methods of microencapsulation to improve the delivery of bioerodible nanoparticles to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318346.
Full textZhang, Ningrong. "Trans-2-aminocyclohexanol as a pH-sensitive conformation switch in liposomes." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/681.
Full textSan, Miguel Delgadillo Adriana. "Pickering emulsions as templates for smart colloidosomes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45760.
Full textDordunoo, Stephen Kwaku. "Characterization of drug-carrier systems for liquid filling of hard gelatin capsules." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261411.
Full textAlyousif, Abdulmohsen A. "Examining the most economical ways in which medicines can be both presribed and dispensed in Saudi outpatient hospitals : a study carried out, exclusively in Saudi Arabian Hospitals, to determine the consraints, problems and possible solutions to effective medicines supply for outpatients." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5696.
Full textZhong, Sha. "Leucine-aspartic acid-valine sequence as targeting ligand & drug carrier for doxorubicin delivery to melanoma cells." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2399.
Full textMulgaonkar, Aditi. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF SOLUTE CARRIER DRUG TRANSPORTERS IN THE SYSTEMIC DISPOSITION OF FLUOROQUINOLONES: AN IN VITRO - IN VIVO COMPARISON." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2842.
Full textKhan, Ikram Ullah. "Microfluidic-assisted synthesis and release properties of multi-domain polymer microparticles drug carriers." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF042/document.
Full textCharacteristics and release properties of drug loaded microparticles depend upon material used and choice of production method. Conversely to most of the conventional ones, microfluidic methods give an edge by improving the control over droplet generation, size and size distribution. Capillary-based microfluidic devices were successfully used to obtain monodisperse drug(s) loaded microbeads, janus, core-shell and trojan particles using UV initiated free radical polymerization while keeping activity of active loaded molecules. These devices can be assembled in a short period of time and a slight change in design gives completely different microparticles morphologies. These particles were developed with the aim to address different issues experienced in oral drug delivery. For instance microbeads can be used to deliver NASIDs in a sustained release manner while janus particles can release two APIs with completely different properties (solubility, compatibility) also in a sustained release manner. Core-shell particles were designed to target colonic region of human intestine for dual drug delivery. Trojan particles were synthesized in a new semi-continuous microfluidic process, thus improving nanoparticles safety handling and release in simulated gastric fluid. Each system was fully characterized to insure batch to batch consistency and reproducibility. In general, the release of active ingredients was controlled by tuning the operating and material parameters like phases flow rates, nature and concentration of drug, (co)monomers, surfactant and crosslinker, pH of release media with the result of different particle morphologies, sizes and shapes or matrix crosslinking density
Bhonsle, Amrata. "Improved Solubility and Dissolution of BCS Class II drug Spironolactone by Formulating in Ternary Solid Dispersion with Carrier Beta-Cyclodextrin and Adjuvant Water Soluble Vitamin [Pyridoxine HCl (Vit B6)]." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1404735377.
Full textBouillot, Philippe. "Copolymères diblocs amphiphiles monomethoxypolyoxyethylene-acide polylactique : synthèse et utilisation pour la fabrication de microsphères." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL131N.
Full textSjögren, Erik. "Hepatic Disposition of Drugs and the Utility of Mechanistic Modelling and Simulation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-132571.
Full textZhou, Fanfan. "Structure-function relationship and regulation of organic anion transporters (OATS)." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17246.
Full text"Stimuli-responsive drug delivery system based on crown ether-coated, porous magnetic nanoparticles." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894761.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Content --- p.i
Acknowledgments --- p.iv
Abstract --- p.V
Abbreviations and Acronyms --- p.vii
Publications Originated from the Work of this Thesis --- p.ix
Chapter Chapter 1- --- Introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- Nanoparticle-based drug delivery --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Magnetic nanoparticle --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Iron oxide nanoparticle --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Coprecipitation --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Hydrothermal reaction --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Sol-gel reaction --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Solvothermal reaction --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.5 --- Architecture of iron oxide nanoparticles as drug carriers --- p.9
Chapter 1.4 --- Supramolecular chemistry involved in controlled release drug delivery system --- p.10
Chapter 1.5 --- Nano valve --- p.15
Chapter 1.6 --- Aim of project --- p.17
Chapter Chapter 2- --- Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Nanosystems based on Fe3O4@SiO2@crown ether Nanoparticles
Chapter 2.1 --- Background --- p.19
Chapter 2.2 --- Synthesis of the dibenzo-crown ethers --- p.21
Chapter 2.3 --- Synthetic method of functionalized nanoparticles --- p.22
Chapter 2.4 --- Characterization of dibenzo-crown ethers --- p.25
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy --- p.25
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Mass spectrometry (MS) --- p.27
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Infrared (IR) spectroscopy --- p.28
Chapter 2.5 --- Characterization of nanoparticles --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy --- p.34
Chapter 2.5.3 --- IR spectroscopy --- p.39
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) --- p.41
Chapter 2.5.5 --- Nitrogen absorption/desorption isotherms --- p.44
Chapter 2.6 --- Biological study of functionalized nanoparticles --- p.45
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Cytotoxicity study --- p.45
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Cell adhesion study --- p.46
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Cell proliferation study --- p.47
Chapter 2.6.4 --- Cellular uptake of nanoparticles --- p.50
Chapter 2.7 --- Drug loading under different stimuli --- p.54
Chapter 2.8 --- Drug release profile of nanoparticles --- p.61
Chapter 2.9 --- MRI study of nanoparticles --- p.67
Chapter 2.10 --- Conclusion --- p.69
Chapter Chapter 3- --- Experimental Procedures
Chapter 3.1 --- General Information --- p.72
Chapter 3.2 --- General procedure of synthesis of polyethers 3a-b --- p.73
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Synthesis of 3a --- p.74
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Synthesis of 3b --- p.74
Chapter 3.3 --- General procedure of synthesis of diesters 4a-b --- p.75
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Synthesis of 4a --- p.75
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Synthesis of 4b --- p.76
Chapter 3.4 --- General procedure of synthesis of dibenzo crown ether esters 5a-c --- p.77
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Synthesis of 5a --- p.77
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Synthesis of 5b --- p.78
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Synthesis of 5c --- p.78
Chapter 3.5 --- General procedure of synthesis of dibenzo-crown ethers la-c --- p.79
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Synthesis of la --- p.80
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Synthesis of lb --- p.80
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Synthesis of lc --- p.81
Chapter 3.6 --- Preparation of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle with an average diameter 120 nm --- p.81
Chapter 3.7 --- Preparation of core/shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle --- p.82
Chapter 3.8 --- Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2@meso(CTAB)-Si02 nanoparticle --- p.82
Chapter 3.9 --- Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2@meso(CTAB)-SiO2-NH2 nanoparticle --- p.83
Chapter 3.10 --- Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2@meso-SiO2@crown ether(a-c) nanoparticles --- p.83
Chapter 3.11 --- Protocol of biological study of functionalized nanoparticles --- p.84
Chapter 3.11.1 --- MTT protocol --- p.84
Chapter 3.11.2 --- Cytotoxicity study --- p.84
Chapter 3.11.3 --- Cell adhesion study --- p.85
Chapter 3.11.4 --- Cell proliferation study --- p.85
Chapter 3.11.5 --- Cellular uptake of functionalized nanoparticles --- p.85
Chapter 3.12 --- Drug loading of functionalized nanoparticles --- p.86
Chapter 3.13 --- Drug release profile of functionalized nanoparticles --- p.87
Chapter 3.14 --- MRI study of nanoparticles --- p.87
References --- p.89
Appendix
List of Spectra --- p.A-1
"Study of chitosan-based nanocarrier for drug delivery." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894837.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-114).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.2
Abstract --- p.3
摘要 --- p.5
Content --- p.6
List of abbreviations and symbols --- p.10
Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Introduction --- p.13
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction to nanoparticles (NPs) --- p.13
Chapter 1.2 --- How to treat solid cancers using nanoparticle drugs --- p.17
Chapter 1.3 --- What is Chitosan (CS)? --- p.22
Chapter 1.4 --- Possible peptide candidates to be trapped --- p.26
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Luffin PI - Ribosome inactivating peptide --- p.26
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Buforin lib (Bllb) - Antimicrobial peptide --- p.27
Chapter 1.5 --- Aims of study --- p.30
Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Materials and Methods --- p.31
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.31
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Construction and expression of Luffin P1 --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Circular dichroism spectroscopy --- p.32
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Static light scattering --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.4 --- In vitro N-glycosidase assay --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Preparation of CS particles --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Preparation of positive CS NPs --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Preparation of negative CS NPs --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- Preparation of buforin lib incorporated NPs --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.5.4 --- Preparation of Cy5 incorporated NPs --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Characterization of CS NPs --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Buforin lib (Bllb) encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.8 --- In vitro release study --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.9 --- Confocal Microscopy --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.10 --- Cytotoxicity assay --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.11 --- Statistical analysis --- p.38
Chapter Chapter 3 - --- "Cloning, expression, purification and structural characterization of Luffin PI" --- p.39
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.39
Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Construction of Luffin PI plasmid --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Expression and purification of Luffin PI --- p.41
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Molecular weight and secondary structure determination of Luffin PI --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.4 --- 3D solution structure of Luffin PI --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.5 --- In vitro N-glycosidase activity of Luffin PI --- p.49
Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.51
Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Generation of positively charged CS particles and Bllb incorporation --- p.60
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.60
Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.62
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Positively charged CS NPs generation --- p.62
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Bllb incorporated +ve CS NPs generation --- p.68
Chapter 4.2.3 --- In vitro release study --- p.70
Chapter 4.2.4 --- In vitro cytotoxicity test --- p.72
Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.74
Chapter Chapter 5 - --- Generation of negatively charged CS particles and Bllb incorporation --- p.83
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.83
Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.85
Chapter 5.2.1 --- -ve CS NPs generation --- p.85
Chapter 5.2.2 --- -ve CS-Bllb NPs generation --- p.88
Chapter 5.2.3 --- In vitro release study --- p.91
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Localization study of -ve CS-Bllb NPs --- p.93
Chapter 5.2.5 --- In vitro cytotoxicity test --- p.96
Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.98
Chapter Chapter 6 - --- Conclusion and future work --- p.108
Copyright --- p.110
References --- p.111
Hartig, Sean Michael. "Optimization of polyelectrolyte complex production implications of molecular characteristics on physicochemical and biological properties /." Diss., 2006. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/ETD-db/available/etd-11132006-135117/.
Full textWang, Jinzhong. "Synthesis and evaluation of novel amphiphilic macromolecules as drug carriers and therapeutics." 2007. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.16792.
Full textWu, Ke. "Developing microcomposite pharmaceutical materials using dense gas technique." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000050475.
Full textRodrigues, Carolina Gonçalves. "Report of the Internships in Pharmaceutical Industry and Community Pharmacy and Monograph entitled "Impact of surface charged nanostructured carriers in drug delivery and targeting"." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83621.
Full textUm dos maiores desafios que a tecnologia farmacêutica enfrenta nos dias de hoje diz respeito à cedência de fármacos directamente no local de acção, com o objectivo de aumentar eficácia terapêutica dos mesmos e diminuir os seus efeitos secundários. A nanotecnologia tem um papel decisivo na resposta a estas exigências, nomeadamente com o desenvolvimento de transportadores à escala nano, com as muitas vantagens e avanços que advém desta utilização. Transportadores nanoestruturados representam sistemas de cedência de fármacos com uma abordagem promissora para obter formulações de fármacos com o perfil farmacocinético e farmacodinâmico desejado. Contudo, as características dos transportadores nanoestruturados, como o tamanho, forma ou carga eléctrica de superfície irão definir a biodistribuição dos fármacos pelos diferentes órgãos. Desta forma, o estudo destas propriedades é uma prioridade, com o principal objectivo de entender o impacto destas no papel dos transportadores nanoestruturados e suas respectivas consequências. O presente trabalho disserte o impacto que a carga de superfície dos transportadores nanoestruturados tem ao nível dao direccionamento e cedência dos fármacos. Muitos estudos têm mostrado que a carga eléctrica de superfície – positiva, negativa ou neutra – pode ser o elemento chave para entender o porquê de alguns fármacos conseguirem ultrapassar a barreira hematoencefálica e outros não. Esta propriedade influencia a opsonização, tempo de circulação e interação dos fármacos com moléculas endógenas. Assim, o estudo do impacto da superfície de carga no perfil e desempenho das nanopartículas, respectivamente nos transportadores nanoestruturados e independentemente da natureza destes, é crucial no desenvolvimento de novas formulações de fármacos.
One of the biggest challenges pharmaceutical technology is dealing nowadays is the targeted delivery of drugs directly to the site of action, with the aim to increase therapeutic effectiveness and decrease adverse side effects. Nanotechnology has a decisive role while meeting these demands, namely with the development of nanostructured carriers several advantages may arise from their use. Nanostructured carriers represent drug delivery systems with a promising approach to obtain a drug formulation with the intended pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Nevertheless, nanostructured carriers’ features as size, shape and surface charge will dictate the biodistribution of the drugs among the different organs. The study of these properties is therefore a priority, with the main goal of understanding their impact on the role of the nanostructured carriers and its consequences. This chapter focuses on the impact that the surface electrical charge of the nanostructured carriers has in drug delivery and targeting. As an example for understanding the importance of the design of nanoparticles for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery, several studies have shown that different surface charge – positive, negative or neutral – may be the key element to understand why some drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier while others cannot. Or even how this property influences opsonisation, circulation life-time and interaction with endogenous molecules. Studying the impact of the surface charge on the profile and performance of nanoparticles, is therefore crucial to develop an effective drug formulation since this property has an obvious impact on the transport, delivery and release profile of the loaded drug.
El, Sabahy Mahmoud. "Polymeric micelles as versatile carriers for drugs and nucleic acids." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3481.
Full textCancer is considered as the leading cause of premature death in Canada. Taxanes (e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel (DCTX)) are effective against a range of solid tumors including breast, lung, and ovarian malignancies. In addition, nucleic acids (e.g. antisense oligonucleotides (AON) and short interfering RNA (siRNA)) which are capable of selectively suppressing oncogenes involved in carcinogenesis are currently being investigated for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Although the activity of taxanes and nucleic acid drugs is well-established in human and/or animal models, several physicochemical and clinical issues still need to be addressed. Low aqueous solubility (i.e. taxanes), rapid degradation in the blood (i.e. nucleic acids), fast clearance, non-selectivity and toxicity to normal tissues are limiting factors to their effectiveness. Hence, many efforts have been focused on developing targeted polymeric delivery systems to overcome the problems associated with the current therapies. In this thesis, two types of polymeric micelles have been developed for the delivery of DCTX and nucleic acids. On the one hand, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(butylene oxide/styrene oxide) micelles were tested for the first time to solubilize and protect DCTX from hydrolytic degradation. The polymers showed less toxicity than the surfactant used commercially to dissolve DCTX (i.e. polysorbate 80) and released the drug in a sustained fashion. On the other hand, two different systems of polyion complex micelles (PICM) were developed for the sustained release and intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. Novel poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-oligonucleotide conjugates were assessed to protect AON against degradation and release them in a sustained manner. When these conjugates were mixed with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, monodisperse PICM were formed. These PICM further slowed down AON release and significantly protected it against enzymatic degradation. In addition, the incorporation of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) was exploited to impart pH-sensitivity to PAMAM-based PICM. This system was composed of the previous copolymer mixed with PAMAM dendrimer. Such PICM were loaded with AON or siRNA targeting the Bcl-2 oncogene. Micelles uptake by the cancer cells was mediated by a monoclonal antibody fragment (i.e. Fab') positioned at the extremity of the PEG corona. Upon cellular uptake and protonation of the methacrylic acid units in the acidic endosomal environment, the micelles lost their corona, thereby exposing their positively-charged endosomolytic PAMAM/nucleic acid core. The targeted, pH-sensitive PICM were found to increase the intracellular bioavailability of the entrapped nucleic acids and knock down the Bcl-2 oncoprotein more than either non-targeted micelles or commercial PAMAM dendrimers. The polymeric nanocarriers reported in this thesis appear to be promising vehicles for the delivery of anticancer drugs and nucleic acids.
Han, Xu. "Identification and mechanistic investigation of clinically important myopathic drug-drug interactions." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5275.
Full textDrug-drug interactions (DDIs) refer to situations where one drug affects the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of another. DDIs represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. A common adverse drug reaction (ADR) that can result from, or be exacerbated by DDIs is drug-induced myopathy. Identifying DDIs and understanding their underlying mechanisms is key to the prevention of undesirable effects of DDIs and to efforts to optimize therapeutic outcomes. This dissertation is dedicated to identification of clinically important myopathic DDIs and to elucidation of their underlying mechanisms. Using data mined from the published cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug interaction literature, 13,197 drug pairs were predicted to potentially interact by pairing a substrate and an inhibitor of a major CYP isoform in humans. Prescribing data for these drug pairs and their associations with myopathy were then examined in a large electronic medical record database. The analyses identified fifteen drug pairs as DDIs significantly associated with an increased risk of myopathy. These significant myopathic DDIs involved clinically important drugs including alprazolam, chloroquine, duloxetine, hydroxychloroquine, loratadine, omeprazole, promethazine, quetiapine, risperidone, ropinirole, trazodone and simvastatin. Data from in vitro experiments indicated that the interaction between quetiapine and chloroquine (risk ratio, RR, 2.17, p-value 5.29E-05) may result from the inhibitory effects of quetiapine on chloroquine metabolism by cytochrome P450s (CYPs). The in vitro data also suggested that the interaction between simvastatin and loratadine (RR 1.6, p-value 4.75E-07) may result from synergistic toxicity of simvastatin and desloratadine, the major metabolite of loratadine, to muscle cells, and from the inhibitory effect of simvastatin acid, the active metabolite of simvastatin, on the hepatic uptake of desloratadine via OATP1B1/1B3. Our data not only identified unknown myopathic DDIs of clinical consequence, but also shed light on their underlying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. More importantly, our approach exemplified a new strategy for identification and investigation of DDIs, one that combined literature mining using bioinformatic algorithms, ADR detection using a pharmacoepidemiologic design, and mechanistic studies employing in vitro experimental models.
HU, MING. "INVESTIGATION INTO DRUG AND DRUG ANALOGS TRANSPORTED BY THE PEPTIDE CARRIER SYSTEM: INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF CAPTOPRIL AND OF PEPTIDYL DERIVATIVES OF METHYLDOPA." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68300068.html.
Full textSINKO, PATRICK JOHN. "PREDICTING ORAL DRUG ABSORPTION IN MAN FOR COMPOUNDS ABSORBED BY CARRIER MEDIATED AND PASSIVE ABSORPTION PROCESSES." 1988. http://books.google.com/books?id=pk9tAAAAMAAJ.
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