Academic literature on the topic 'Drug carriers (pharmacy)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Drug carriers (pharmacy)"
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Sharma, Bhawana, Amul Mishra, Piush Sharma, Shiv Garg, Abhishekh Dwivedi, and Savita Rathore. "Novel Vesicular Carriers: Proniosomes." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 16, no. 5 (September 15, 2023): 7011–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2023.16.5.10.
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Vesicular systems have been receiving a lot of interest as a carrier for advanced drug delivery. Encapsulation of the drug in vesicular structures can be expected to prolong the duration of the drug in the systemic circulation and to reduce toxicity by selective up-taking. Drug delivery systems using colloidal particulate carriers such as liposomes or niosomes have proved to possess distinct advantages over conventional dosage forms because the particles can act as drug reservoirs, and can carry both hydrophilic drugs by encapsulation or hydrophobic drugs by partitioning these drugs into hydrophobic domains and modification of the particle composition or surface can adjust the drug release rate and/or the affinity for the target site. Although niosomes as a carrier have shown advantages such as being cheap and chemically stable, they are associated with problems related to physical stability such as fusion, aggregation, sedimentation and leakage on storage. All methods traditionally used for the preparation of niosomes are time-consuming and many involve specialized equipment.
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Trineeva, O. V., A. J. Halahakoon, and A. I. Slivkin. "CELL CARRIERS AS SYSTEMS OF DELIVERY OF ANTITUMOR DRUGS (REVIEW)." Drug development & registration 8, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2019-8-1-43-57.
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Introduction. Drug delivery systems are defined as systems that deliver the optimal amount of a drug to a target target, increase the effectiveness of treatment, and reduce adverse effects. Regulation of the rate of release of drugs and bringing to specific tissues where active ingredients are needed are the main objectives of drug delivery systems. The development of systems for targeted, organ-specific and controlled delivery of medicinal, prophylactic and diagnostic agents is currently a relevant area of research for pharmacy and medicine. Of particular interest is the actual problem of increasing the frequency of manifestations of side effects of drugs. The side effect of drugs, their low efficiency is often explained by the inaccessibility of drugs directly to the target. Text. Currently, targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and drug delivery systems has completely changed the tactics and approaches in the drug treatment of cancer, allowing to reduce the side effects of the drug and generally increase the effectiveness of the course of treatment. This paper summarizes and systematizes information about targeted systems for drug delivery of antitumor activity, described in the scientific literature and used in pharmacy and medicine. Most of the methods for obtaining cellular forms of toxic drugs discussed in this review are still at the development stage, and some methods are gradually finding practical application abroad in medicine and other fields. Vincristine (VCR) and vinblastine (VBL) are the most widely used and effective drugs in chemotherapeutic practice. Despite their effectiveness against various oncological diseases, there are a number of harmful side effects that limit the widespread use of these drugs. Conclusion. There is the possibility of using cellular carriers as a VCR and VBL delivery system. In scientific publications, there is still no data on the use of cellular carriers for encapsulating VCR and VBL. Therefore, relevant studies are devoted to the possibility of using cellular carriers to reduce side effects, improve efficiency, and develop dosage forms for the delivery of VCR and VBL to pathological foci. This topic is currently being actively developed by members of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Voronezh State University.
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Bhushan K. Marathe, Gaurav Patil Gaurav, Vijay Dhangar, and Vivekanand K. Chatap. "Preparation and Characterization of Pitavastatin Calcium Loaded Biodegradable Porous Starch as Carrier Platform for Drug Delivery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 16, no. 6 (November 15, 2023): 7049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2023.16.6.4.
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Introduction: Poor solubility and low oral bioavailability are major obstacles to the development of efficient drug delivery approaches. Numerous chemical entities fall into the biopharmaceutics classification system II (BCS II) class, categorized by low solubility and high permeability. Consequently, finding alternative solutions for improving drug efficacy becomes crucial. Hence, this study aims to formulate biodegradable porous acetostarch (BPSa) and biodegradable porous ethostarch (BPSe) carriers to augment the solubility profile of the poorly soluble drug candidate pitavastatin calcium (PTC). Method: The biodegradable carriers (BPSa and BPSe) were prepared using the solvent exchange method. Then the PTC was loaded into the prepared carriers (PTC@BPSa and PTC@BPSe) using the passive drug loading procedure. Moreover, the obtained drug-carrier conjugates were evaluated using physiochemical evaluation techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the surface morphology and drug release characteristics are determined. Result: The experimental findings exhibited high drug content with 75.45% and 71.81% for PTC@BPSa and PTC@BPSe, respectively. The SEM analysis of the prepared conjugates demonstrates asymmetrical morphology with cracks between particles, indicating porous nature of the carriers. As a result of this, PTC@BPSa and PTC@BPSe exhibited modified drug release patterns, with cumulative releases of 78.63% and 78.50%, respectively. Conclusion: The biodegradable porous carriers (BPSa and BPSe) effectively improve the dissolution pattern of PTC, by addressing the challenges associated with poor solubility. This study offers valuable insights into the potential of these biodegradable porous carriers as effective drug delivery platforms for increasing the efficacy of limited soluble medications.
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Lim, Hayeon, Yoseph Seo, Daeryul Kwon, Sunggu Kang, Jiyun Yu, Hyunjun Park, Sang Deuk Lee, and Taek Lee. "Recent Progress in Diatom Biosilica: A Natural Nanoporous Silica Material as Sustained Release Carrier." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 10 (October 9, 2023): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102434.
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A drug delivery system (DDS) is a useful technology that efficiently delivers a target drug to a patient’s specific diseased tissue with minimal side effects. DDS is a convergence of several areas of study, comprising pharmacy, medicine, biotechnology, and chemistry fields. In the traditional pharmacological concept, developing drugs for disease treatment has been the primary research field of pharmacology. The significance of DDS in delivering drugs with optimal formulation to target areas to increase bioavailability and minimize side effects has been recently highlighted. In addition, since the burst release found in various DDS platforms can reduce drug delivery efficiency due to unpredictable drug loss, many recent DDS studies have focused on developing carriers with a sustained release. Among various drug carriers, mesoporous silica DDS (MS-DDS) is applied to various drug administration routes, based on its sustained releases, nanosized porous structures, and excellent solubility for poorly soluble drugs. However, the synthesized MS-DDS has caused complications such as toxicity in the body, long-term accumulation, and poor excretion ability owing to acid treatment-centered manufacturing methods. Therefore, biosilica obtained from diatoms, as a natural MS-DDS, has recently emerged as an alternative to synthesized MS-DDS. This natural silica carrier is an optimal DDS platform because culturing diatoms is easy, and the silica can be separated from diatoms using a simple treatment. In this review, we discuss the manufacturing methods and applications to various disease models based on the advantages of biosilica.
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Ferreira, Cristiane M., Erica F. Vasconcelos- Pereira, Vanessa M. de Oliveira, Liliane Bernardes Campos, Vanessa T. G. de Matos, Monica C. Toffoli-Kadri, and Maria T. F. D. Monreal. "Pharmaceutical Service for Multiple Sclerosis Carriers in Brazil: A State Model." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 13 (October 24, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n13p32.
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The Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Care is the Brazilian Unified Health System strategy that aims to ensure comprehensive drug treatment at an outpatient level and improve access to high complexity, high cost treatments, such as multiple sclerosis. Given the diversity of treatments available and the differences in financing and dispensing in different countries, the objective of this study was to present the workings of the model of care for patients with multiple sclerosis through the public health system in Brazil in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. In Campo Grande, the registration and dispensation of drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis is the responsibility of the Pharmacy School Professor Ana Maria Cervantes Baraza of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. In this center, all patients receive pharmaceutical advice on the administration of injectable drugs and oral medications; the storage, preservation, and transportation of refrigerated drugs; and information on the disease and management of adverse reactions. Clinical pharmacy services are also available to patients in a pharmaceutical office, ensuring patient privacy and comfort and enabling the creation of a bond with the pharmacist. The model of care provided by the Pharmacy School allows for the development of pharmaceutical services, encourages the rational use of medicines, and emphasizes the importance of self-care, adherence to therapy, and the co-responsibility of patients and their families.
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G, Anuradha, and Esha Bhavin Shah. "A Descriptive Review on Nanosponges in Novel Drug Delivery, Synthetic Methods, Advantages and Applications." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 16, no. 4 (July 30, 2023): 6932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2023.16.4.10.
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Nanosponges are the newest and one of the most versatile carriers synthesized employing nanotechnology and miniaturization, which have been a blessing to the field of novel drug delivery. Nanosponges (NSs) are a class of hyper cross-linked three-dimensional colloidal architectures responsible for dramatically increasing the solubilization potential of poorly soluble drugs and an array of advantages. They are synthesized using a biocompatible polymer and a cross-linker in a specified ratio and comprise a cavity which can engulf lipophilic or hydrophilic drug molecules. An elaborate literature review stresses the various synthetic methods adopted for synthesizing nanosponges, promising applications and advantages of nanosponges in novel drug delivery with some patented work in this domain. Challenging molecules such as lipophilic drug molecules, nutraceuticals, gases, proteins and peptides, volatile oils, genetic material, etc., can be loaded on these novel carriers, which are spherical, porous, versatile, stable, compact, convenient to synthesize and easy to scale-up in the laboratory. This descriptive review stresses the explanation of the synthetic methods of nanosponges in addition to the advantages and applications of cyclodextrin-based NS in novel drug delivery. These supramolecular entities offer a high degree of drug loading compared to other nanocarriers and, thus, are of prominent interest to research scientists globally. Additionally, nanosponge formulations like parenteral, topical, oral or inhalation continue to portray significant utility and scope in the novel drug delivery arena and depict remarkable future and growth potential. Therefore, owing to their convenient method of synthesis, propitious advantages and prominent applications in modern-day drug delivery, the review's authors hope that helpful information and insight about this novel carrier reaches the researchers and scientists and help them better understand nanosponges.
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Dragomanova, Stela, and Velichka Andonova. "Adamantane-containing drug delivery systems." Pharmacia 70, no. 4 (October 11, 2023): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e111593.
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Adamantane is a weakly functional hydrocarbon widely used to develop new drug molecules to improve their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. The compound has an affinity for the lipid bilayer of liposomes, enabling its application in targeted drug delivery and surface recognition of target structures. This review presents the available data on developed liposomes, cyclodextrin complexes, and adamantane-based dendrimers. Adamantane has been used in two ways – as a building block to which various functional groups are covalently attached (adamantane-based dendrimers) or as a part of self-aggregating supramolecular systems, where it is incorporated based on its lipophilicity (liposomes) and strong interaction with the host molecule (cyclodextrins). Adamantane represents a suitable structural basis for the development of drug delivery systems. The study of adamantane derivatives is a current topic in designing safe and selective drug delivery systems and molecular carriers.
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Kumari, Deeksha, and Bikash Medhi. "Drug and Gene Delivery Carriers:Biodegradable and Biocompatible." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 16, no. 5 (September 15, 2023): 6943–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2023.16.5.1.
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Introduction In the area of modern medicine and biotechnology drug and gene delivery optimize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for the safety and effective transport of therapeutic agents to the targeted area in the body. Biodegradable and biocompatible carriers have been explored as biomaterials for nearly two decades in gene delivery and tissue engineering1. This biomaterial has been actively researched as a prospective carrier for delivering therapeutic medicines and genes due to their physiochemical properties, decreased toxicity, and immunogenicity. These materials might be natural/biological or synthetic in origin, and their unique features provide several benefits, a wide range of pharmaceutical approaches for building micro-and nano-vehicles of medicinal medicines and genes2.
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Gugleva, Viliana, and Velichka Andonova. "Drug delivery to the brain – lipid nanoparticles-based approach." Pharmacia 70, no. 1 (February 3, 2023): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e98838.
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The complex structure of the human brain defines it as one of the most inaccessible organs in terms of drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a microvascular network involved in transporting substances between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS) – enabling the entry of nutrients and simultaneously restricting the influx of pathogens and toxins. However, its role as a protective shield for CNS also restricts drug access to the brain. Since many drugs cannot cross the BBB due to unsuitable physicochemical characteristics (i.e., high molecular weight, aqueous solubility, etc.), different technological strategies have been developed to ensure sufficient drug bioavailability. Among these, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising approaches thanks to their lipid nature, facilitating their brain uptake, small sizes, and the possibilities for subsequent functionalization to achieve targeted delivery. The review focuses on applying SLNs and NLCs as nanocarriers for brain delivery, outlining the physiological factors of BBB and the physicochemical characteristics of nanocarriers influencing this process. Recent advances in this area have also been summarized.
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Fitriani, Endang Wahyu, Christina Avanti, Yeva Rosana, and Silvia Surini. "Nanostructured lipid carriers: A prospective dermal drug delivery system for natural active ingredients." Pharmacia 71 (March 12, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e115849.
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Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are versatile tools used for several purposes, including drug release modification, adhesion to the skin, film-forming ability followed by hydration of the superficial layers of the skin, as well as high penetration with permeation into and across deeper skin layers. During the formulation of active ingredients sourced from nature into dosage forms, NLCs play a crucial role in overcoming challenges associated with the process. These challenges include poor solubility and skin permeability, sensitivity to light, heat, and oxygen, leading to degraded quality, reduced potency, and probable risks of skin irritation or allergic reactions. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of NLCs as effective delivery system through the skin for natural active ingredients. The extensive discussion covers the advantages and disadvantages of a dermal delivery system for these ingredients, focusing on various types, lipids, and surfactants used in the formulation, preparation, and characterization process. Additionally, the recent developments in NLCs technology are explored. The result showed that NLCs would advance into a more efficient, precise, and safe system to transport natural active ingredients dermally.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drug carriers (pharmacy)"
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Porter, Christopher John Hamilton. "Targeting collodial drug carriers to the bone marrow." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315061.
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Oidu, Benjamin. "Uptake of liposomes into bacterial cells." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021010.
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Liposomes are small phospholipid vesicles that have been widely investigated as drug carriers for the delivery of therapeutic agents. A variety of liposome formulations are presently under clinical trial exploration, while others have already been approved for clinical use. The aim of this study was to optimize liposome uptake into bacterial cells. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were used in the study as well as Candida albicans.Response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite design (CCD) model was used to optimize liposomal formulations of carboxyfluorescien (CF) for each of the three microbes, and also the three microbes in combination namely; Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Escherichia coli (Ec) and Candida albicans (Ca). Percentage of CF encapsulated and CF increase in Uptake were investigated with respect to two independent variables that were, cholesterol (CHOL) and stearylamine (SA) content. Design Expert 8 was used for the purpose of finding the combination of independent variables that would yield an optimal formulation for each microbe and the three microbes in combination. The model selected by the software managed to reasonably correlate the predicted models to the experimental data. Encapsulation of carboxyfluorescien (CF) into a liposome formulation enhanced its uptake by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as Candida albicans. This was evident in the increase in CF uptake when the uptake rate of free CF was compared with that of liposomal CF.
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Miknevičiūtė, Kristina. "Interactions of biodegradable drug carriers with hydrophilic medium." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070802.101122-62998.
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The aim of this thesis “Interactions of biodegradable drug carriers with hydrophilic medium” is the study of polymer-hydrophilic medium interactions from the point of view of swelling, erosion and glass transition. In the theoretical part attention was paid to basic information about polyester amides and polyesters with molecule linear, branched, and chain extended. In this part, some basic relations were used, concerning various aspects of biodegradation of polymers, thermal analysis of amorphous phase of polymers and pharmaceutical particulate systems. The main part of the thesis is focused on experiment. Fifteen recently synthesized oligomeric and polymeric carriers were studied in the aspect of their swelling and erosion course. Some of these oligoesters with molecular linear constitution were evaluated during in vitro degradation process via glass transition tested by DSC method measurements. No correlation signs between swelling kinetics and glass transition temperature values course were found. These two molecular relaxation parameters are the manifestations of different mechanism. Swelling extent is influenced by osmotic phenomena, whilst glass transitions by molecule polarization effects. This work is one of the first steps examining these drug carriers. The results of this work will be used in choosing perspective drug carriers and in further researches.Šio darbo „Biodegraduojančių vaistų nešėjų sąveika su hidrofiline terpe“ tikslas ištirti polimero bei hidrofilinės terpės sąveiką atsižvelgiant į brinkimą, eroziją bei stiklėjimo temperatūros pokyčius, galimą ryšį tarp polimero brinkimo ir stiklėjimo temperatūros, apžvelgti nano ir mikro dalelių paruošimo bei įvertinimo teoriją. Literatūros apžvalgoje dėmesys skiriamas informacijai apie poliesteramidus ir linijinius, šakotus ar praplėstos grandinės poliesterius. Šioje dalyje aptariami įvairūs polimerų biodegradacijos, amorfinės fazės polimerų terminės analizės aspektai, taip pat nano bei mikrodalelės kaip vaisto forma. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai yra ištirti penkiolika neseniai susintetintų oligomerinių bei polimerinių vaistų nešėjų atsižvelgiant į jų brinkimą bei eroziją, įvertinti kai kurių linijinių oligoesterių degradacija in vitro atsižvelgiant į stiklėjimo temperatūrą matuojant diferencinės skenuojančios kalorimetrijos metodu. Atkreiptas dėmesys į galimą ryšį tarp stiklėjimo temperatūros ir brinkimo kinetikos, kurio nepastebėta; manoma, kad dėl to, jog molekulės grandinės atsipalaidavimas pasireiškia dėl skirtingų mechanizmų. Brinkimo laipsnis priklauso nuo osmotinių reiškinių, o stiklėjimo temperatūrai įtaką daro molekulės poliarizacija. Šis darbas yra pradinis etapas tiriant šiuos polimerus. Šio darbo rezultatai padės atrenkant perspektyvias medžiagas tolimesniems tyrimams, prognozuojant galimas jų panaudojimo galimybes.
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Corswant, Christian von. "Lecithin-based microemulsions for pharmaceutical use phase behavior and solution structure /." Lund : Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945035.html.
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Azevedo, Eduardo Pereira de. "Aldehyde-functionalized chitosan and cellulose:chitosan composites: application as drug carriers and vascular bypass grafts." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1119.
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In this work, aldehyde-functionalized chitosan was produced by the reaction of chitosan in the solid state with nitrogen oxide gases, generated in situ from a HNO3/H3PO4 - NaNO2 mixture. This reaction is more advantageous than the existing methods to produce aldehyde-functionalized chitosan, since the depolymerization was slower and the purification process of the products was easy and straightforward. The appearance of characteristic peaks in the Fourier transform infrared and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1733 cm-1 and 183.4 ppm, respectively) of the product confirms the presence of the aldehyde functionality in the modified chitosans. The pH-dependent 1H-NMR spectra also revealed the presence of aldehyde groups. However, as the pH increased from 2.0 to 6.0, the resonance due to the aldehyde gradually disappeared and a new resonance appeared at 8.05 ppm, which is attributable to the formation of Schiff's base between the aldehyde and the free amine groups. This aldehyde-derivative of chitosan formed a gel in situ by simply dissolving it in water at a concentration of 6% (w/w) without any added external crosslinker. This gel show potential use as drug carrier and as scaffold for vascular tissue engineering.
In addition, cellulose:chitosan composites were prepared with the main purpose of obtaining a compliant hollow tube for vascular bypass application. Elastic properties of membranes made of this composite with different ratios between each polymer were determined using uniaxial tests and the ratio that yielded the less stiff membrane was chosen to prepare a small diameter hollow tube. The presence of chitosan had a favorable impact on the elasticity of the membranes, where the cellulose:chitosan 5:5 ratio showed the lowest Young's modulus. Small diameter tubular constructs were fabricated using this optimal cellulose:chitosan ratio and assessed for their suitability as coronary artery bypass grafts. The compliance of the tubes was found to be 5.91 %/mmHg x 10-2, which is higher than those of Dacron, ePTFE and saphenous vein. Burst strength tests revealed that the tubes can withstand at least 300 mmHg. Finally, the tubes showed satisfactory cell attachment property when myofibroblast cells adhered and proliferated on the lumen of the samples.
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Man, Kwun-wai Dede, and 文冠慧. "Oleanolic acid delivery using biodegradable nanoparticles for cancer therapy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208550.
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Lendemans, Dirk G., and n/a. "Novel cationic preparations of iscoms as vaccine carriers." University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060810.141916.
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Aim of thesis: Immuno-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) are particulate vaccine delivery systems composed of Quillaja saponins, cholesterol and phospholipid. ISCOMs are typically spherical cage-like structures with a diameter of 40 nm and carry a negative charge. Incorporation of the respective vaccine antigen into the particles generates more potent vaccines than a simple mixture of both vaccine components. This requires the antigen to display either hydrophobic domains or positive charges, which allow interaction with the ISCOM particles. However, not all antigens fulfil this requirement and modification of these becomes necessary. Hence, the aim of this study was to design novel preparations of ISCOMs with a positive charge, suitable for adsorption of native hydrophilic antigens and poly-nucleotides, and test their potential as a novel vaccine carrier platform.
Methods: Two cationic lipids, DC-cholesterol and DOTAP, were selected to prepare the cationic modifications of ISCOMs. DC-cholesterol substituted for cholesterol in classical ISCOMs, whereas DOTAP substituted for their phospholipid component. The phase behaviour of colloidal systems containing Quil-A, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and DC-cholesterol and of colloidal systems comprised of Quil-A, cholesterol and DOTAP was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Lipid-film hydration was utilised as the first method to prepare these colloidal systems. Selected compositions containing either DC-cholesterol or DOTAP were also prepared by dialysis as second method. A novel third method for preparing homogenous dispersions of classical ISCOMs was developed utilising ethanol injection. This method was also applied in an attempt to prepare cationic modifications of ISCOMs including DC-cholesterol and DOTAP. As in the colloidal systems comprising Quil-A, PC and DC-cholesterol transformations of structures were observed upon dilution with aqueous solutions, these transitions were also studied on classical ISCOMs using TEM and dynamic light scattering techniques. Loading of cationic colloidal structures composed of Quil-A, PC and DC-cholesterol was performed with the model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and a model plasmid, and the resulting structures were analysed by fluorescence spectroscopy, TEM and gel electrophoresis. The immunological properties of non-loaded and OVA-loaded structures were studied in terms of their ability to activate murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (mBMDC) as antigen presenting cells (APC) and OVA-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro.
Results: Substitution of cholesterol in classical ISCOMs with DC-cholesterol resulted in the formation of cationic cage-like structures similar to the classical particles. These were observed in pseudo-ternary Quil-A:PC:DC-cholesterol systems and even in pseudo-binary Quil-A:DC-cholesterol systems prepared by lipid-film hydration. Compositions at which cage-like structures were observed included high weight proportions of DC-cholesterol (> 60%). However, samples were relatively heterogeneous, and aggregation of colloidal structures was observed at equimolar ratios of Quil-A and DC-cholesterol. The ionic strength, pH and composition of the hydration buffer were demonstrated to be important variables influencing the formation of cage-like structures. Morphological changes of pre-formed cationic cage-like structures were observed upon dilution. However, classical anionic ISCOMs showed a similar behaviour. The numbers of cationic cage-like structures appeared to increase upon prolonged storage of samples. Purification of structures and longitudinal analysis of their composition suggested an increased formation of stoichiometrically defined DC-cholesterol:Quil-A:PC complexes over time, rather than a change in composition. The substitution of phospholipid in classical ISCOMs with DOTAP also resulted in heterogeneous dispersions, and aggregation of colloidal structures was observed at equimolar ratios of Quil-A and DOTAP. Phase separation phenomena were proposed based on TEM observations. However, the formation of cage-like particles with a positive [zeta]-potential was not observed. Although ethanol injection was introduced as a novel method to prepare classical ISCOMs, its application did not result in more homogenous dispersions of cationic colloidal structures containing DC-cholesterol or DOTAP. Dialysis also failed to produce higher numbers of well-defined cationic particles, although using this method homogeneous, anionic ISCOM-like particles containing DOTAP were obtained. The efficient adsorption of OVA and plasmid DNA onto cationic structures containing Quil-A, PC and DC-cholesterol was demonstrated. The adsorption process was accompanied with a decrease in [zeta]-potential, aggregation of structures and changes in the ultra-structure, particularly at high protein:lipid ratios. The in vitro immunogenicity of dispersions containing Quil-A, PC and DC-cholesterol was equivalent to that of classical ISCOMs in terms of activation of mBMDC and OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, even though smaller amounts of Quillaja saponins and total lipid were co-delivered with OVA. Furthermore, the uptake of OVA by BMDC appeared to be more efficient in conjunction with the novel cationic dispersions.
Conclusions: Cationic colloidal structures containing Quillaja saponins offer great potential as vaccine delivery systems. Their advantages thus far include simple and efficient adsorption of antigen, efficient uptake by APC and immunological activity in vitro. With further development, cationic carriers containing Quillaja saponins may constitute a very potent vaccine delivery platform suitable for a variety of subunit antigens, and suffice both pharmaceutical and immunological requirements.
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Nadkarni, Sreekant Raghuveer. "Controlled delivery of pilocarpine." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/128390700.pdf.
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Saraf, Poonam S. "RGD based peptide amphiphiles as drug carriers for cancer targeting." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/137.
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Specific interactions of ligands with receptors is one of the approaches for active targeting of anticancer drugs to cancer cells. Over expression of integrin receptors is a physiological manifestation in several cancers and is associated with cancer progression and metastasis, which makes it an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy. The peptide sequence for this integrin recognition is the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). Self-assembly offers a unique way of presenting ligands to target receptors for recognition and binding. This study focuses on development of integrin specific peptide amphiphile self-assemblies as carriers for targeted delivery of paclitaxel to α v β 3 integrin overexpressing cancers. Amphiphiles composed of conjugates of different analogs of RGD (linear, cyclic or glycosylated) and aliphatic fatty acid with or without 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (ADA) as linker were synthesized and characterized. The amphiphiles exhibited Critical Micellar Concentration in the range of 7-30 μM. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed the formation of spherical micelles in the size range of 10-40 nm. Forster Resonance Energy Transfer studies revealed entrapment of hydrophobic dyes within a tight micellar core and provided information regarding the cargo exchange within micelles. The RGD micelles exhibited competitive binding with 55% displacement of a bound fluorescent probe by the cyclic RGD micelles. The internalization of fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) loaded RGD micelles was significantly higher in A2058 melanoma cells compared to free FITC within 20 minutes of incubation at 37°C. The same micelles showed significantly lower internalization at 4°C and on pretreatment with 0.45M sucrose confirming endocytotic uptake of the RGD micellar carriers. The IC50 of paclitaxel in A2058 melanoma cells was lower when treated within RGD micelles as compared to treatment of free drug. On the other hand, IC50 values increased by 2 to 9 fold for micellar treatment in comparison to free drug in Detroit 551 cells. In A2058 melanoma xenograft mice model, the Paclitaxel-RGD micelles exhibited a significant inhibition of tumor growth in comparison to control treatment for both alternate day and twice weekly treatments. The studies showed the feasibility of using the non covalent peptide based self-assemblies as vehicles for targeted delivery in cancer.
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Pan, Xiaogang. "Design and evaluation of lipid based delivery systems for delivery of small molecules and macro-molecular nucleotides based therapeutic agents." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164679618.
Full textBooks on the topic "Drug carriers (pharmacy)"
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D, Roerdink F. H., and Kroon A. M, eds. Drug carrier systems. Chichester: Wiley, 1989.
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1959-, Rolland Alain, ed. Pharmaceutical particulate carriers: Therapeutic applications carriers. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1993.
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1956-, Svenson Sönke, American Chemical Society. Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Carrier-based drug delivery. Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society, 2004.
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Ecker, Gerhard, and Peter Chiba. Transporters as drug carriers: Structure, function, substrates. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.
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B, Roche Edward, ed. Bioreversible carriers in drug design: Theory and application. New York: Pergamon Press, 1987.
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1949-, Ostro Marc J., ed. Liposomes: From biophysics to therapeutics. New York: Dekker, 1987.
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Patrick, Augustijns, and Brewster Marcus, eds. Solvent systems and their selection in pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. New York, NY: Springer, 2007.
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1947-, Benita Simon, ed. Submicron emulsions in drug targeting and delivery. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 1999.
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Kunio, Yagi, ed. Medical application of liposomes. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1986.
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F, Uchegbu Ijeoma, ed. Synthetic surfactant vesicles: Niosomes and other non-phospholipid vesicular systems. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Drug carriers (pharmacy)"
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Langley, Eric. "Shakespeare’s Pharmacy." In Shakespeare's Contagious Sympathies, 101–51. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821847.003.0004.
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Part II of my study introduces sympathy’s attendant oppositional force, antipathy, and consequently Chapters 3 and 4 are both informed by early-modern scientific conceptions of pharmaceutical medicine, wherein the same bittersweet drug can have both medicinal and poisonous (or sympathetic and antipathetic) capacity; this pharmaceutical metaphor is shown to widely inform Shakespeare’s drama, both at the level of genre, plot, and character, and, more significantly for my study, at the level of word, where language itself is repeatedly described as operating with the force of the Platonic pharmakon. Communication is shown to have the capacity both to cure and to kill, leaving the Shakespearean subject caught up among indeterminable influences, beset by malign attendants, infectious carriers, sickly sympathizers, and ill communicators. Chapter 3 explores a number of plays—including The Winter’s Tale, Titus Andronicus, Coriolanus, King Lear, and All’s Well That Ends Well.
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Saini, Navjit Kaur, Noel Mankoo, Devinder Kumar, and Dr Sharuti Mehta. "THE ROLE OF EXOSOMES IN TREATING CANCER CELLS AS A FUTURISTIC CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 19, 14–22. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bgpn19p1ch2.
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The need for novel, safe and efficient drug carriers for cancer treatment has increased over time. The current study shows that exosomes are effective drug carriers due to their immunogenicity, stability, and target ability as well as the generation of an anti-cancer immune response. Exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing for the treatment of brain tumors However, drug delivery systems based on exosomes are still difficult to develop due to their heterogeneous nature, low yield and lack of drug loading efficiency. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, saliva, and other body fluids can all include extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes perform a wide range of functions, including re-modelling the extracellular matrix (ECM) and serving as a conduit for the exchange of signals and chemicals between cells. The dual properties of exosomes in promoting and inhibiting cancer have been taken into consideration with the research of the many functions exosomes play in the course of cancer. Exosomes are a type of molecule produced by various cells. This article discusses how exosomes can be used as drug carriers for anti-cancer therapy. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of exosome drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.
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Kiruthiga, Natarajan, Stalin Arulsamy, Aswin James, Vaishnavi Vallinayagam, and Rajaram Gayathri. "ADVANCEMENTS IN CANCER TREATMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF DRUG DELIVERY METHODS." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 4, 312–24. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bipn4p6ch5.
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Even though conventional chemotherapy has shown some degree of success, it has a number of important drawbacks. These include poor therapeutic indices and adverse effects, excessive dosage requirements, multiple drug resistance emerging, and non-specific targeting. The main goal of improving drug delivery systems is to efficiently address these drug administration difficulties and deliver drugs to the desired sites of therapeutic efficacy while minimising unfavourable side effects. This chapter attempts to investigate the many materials used as chemotherapeutic agent carriers, concentrating on their structural characteristics that improve the therapeutic efficacy of the medications. With a focus on the difficulties associated with treating cancer, recent scientific developments in the field of chemotherapy will also be covered.
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Terang, Wearank, Mrinal Kashyap Sarma, L. Sanathoiba Singha, and Kalyani Saikia. "RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN THE NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY DRUG CARRIER SYSTEMS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVDs)." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 3, 162–81. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bapn3ch9.
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Nearly 50% of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) currently can be attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). While infectious diseases continue to be the world's biggest cause of mortality, accounting for 17.3 million deaths annually, the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has surpassed them and is anticipated to reach 23.6 million by 2030. Prevention is an integral strategy for managing CVDs, promoting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a well-balanced diet, and smoking cessation. However, challenges persist in promoting adherence to these measures, owing mostly to socioeconomic factors and lifestyle habits. Medications play a crucial role in the treatment of CVDs, regulating risk factors, and enhancing heart function. Medication adherence, meanwhile, can be challenging, and certain patients might experience adverse effects or have contraindications to specific medications. Interventional procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are employed to restore blood flow in blocked arteries, however their inherent risks and limited availability and affordability in certain regions pose challenges. Surgical interventions, including valve replacement, cardiac transplantation, and ventricular assist devices, improve heart function but needs specialized facilities and skilled surgeons. However, the scarcity of donor organs remains a substantial limitation to cardiac transplantation. Therefore, the development of novel drug delivery methods and novel drug carriers remains crucial to address the drawbacks of existing treatment approaches. This chapter explores the recent advancements in the field of novel drug delivery and drug carrier systems for the treatment of CVD, and how these advancements contribute to enhancing therapeutic outcomes. This investigation sheds light on recent advancements in novel drug delivery and drug carrier systems, their underlying mechanisms, clinical outcomes and efficacy, various challenges and limitations associated with their implementation. Furthermore, it identifies emerging trends and future directions in the development of novel drug delivery and drug carrier systems for CVD’s.
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Chaudhari, Simran, Prateeksha Pawar, Vaishnavi More, and Pranali Borse. "ETHOSOMES: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 17, 92–104. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bkpn17p2ch4.
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This comprehensive chapter explores the potential of ethosomes as a promising tool for transdermal drug delivery. Ethosomes, innovative lipid carriers composed of ethanol, phospholipids, and water, offer enhanced skin penetration compared to traditional liposomes. The article discusses their composition, mechanism of action, types, preparation methods, advantages, and therapeutic applications. Ethosomes exhibit flexibility, high drug permeability, and improved stability, making them suitable for delivering various medications, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, hormones, analgesics, and DNA. Marketed products utilizing ethosomal drug delivery highlight its growing significance in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Ethosomes present an efficient, non-invasive approach with potential for customized drug delivery and precise control over release kinetics, thus paving the way for innovative therapeutic solutions.
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K, Pavithra, Manimaran V, Sandhanam K, and Tamilanban T. "CARBON NANOTUBES: ADVANCEMENTS, PROPERTIES, AND PROMISING FUTURES." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 5, 354–62. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bapn5ch34.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have acquired significant interest as drug delivery systems in healthcare due to their unique structural characteristics and physicochemical properties. One of the most significant benefits of using CNTs as drug carriers is their ability to enable targeted drug delivery through efficient cellular uptake mechanisms and improved drug delivery techniques. This makes CNTs a promising option for delivering drugs precisely where they are needed in the body. CNTs can either encapsulate drugs within their cores or firmly attach them to their surfaces, surpassing the constraints associated with traditional drug delivery approaches. The versatility of CNTs extends beyond drug delivery, with potential applications in various biomedical fields. These nanotubes hold promise in diagnostics, imaging, tissue engineering, and even gene therapy. However, a comprehensive understanding of CNT's biological behaviour and safety is necessary before their widespread clinical use. Research focusing on their interactions, toxicity, and environmental impact is crucial. CNTs have the potential to revolutionize drug delivery and find applications in various biomedical fields. This chapter provides insights into the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and biomedical applications of CNTs in drug delivery. Furthermore, this chapter underscores the importance of future research endeavors to advance CNT-based medicine. As scientists continuously explore the vast potential of CNTs, they hold the key to transforming various industries and driving significant progress in science and technology. Notably, this chapter delves into the potential of CNTs as cutting-edge drug delivery systems in healthcare
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Trivedi, Jyoti, and Aparna Singh. "UFASOMES: REVOLUTIONIZING DRUG DELIVERY THROUGH VESICULAR SYSTEMS." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 2, 143–58. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bipn2p4ch1.
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Ufasomes, a novel vesicular drug delivery system, have emerged as a promising technology in the field of pharmaceutical research. This abstract provides an overview of the potential of ufasomes in revolutionizing drug delivery. Ufasomes are lipid-based vesicles that offer distinct advantages over traditional drug carriers, including enhanced stability, drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. This review explores the formulation and preparation techniques of ufasomes, focusing on the selection of lipids, surfactants, and additives to optimize their properties. Additionally, the application of ufasomes in disease treatment, including cancer therapy and targeted drug delivery, as well as their potential in cosmetic and dermatological applications, is discussed. The challenges associated with ufasome stability, long-term storage, and safety are also addressed. Furthermore, this review highlights future perspectives and potential avenues for personalized medicine using ufasomes. Overall, this abstract aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ufasomes' potential in revolutionizing drug delivery, emphasizing the need for further research and development in this promising field of pharmaceutical technology.
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Das, Dr Ratna Jyoti, Ms Purabi Das, Dr Kalyani Pathak, and Mrs Parimita Kalita. "NANO-DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOACTIVITY." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 3, 336–66. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bapn3ch18.
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Bioavailability refers to the fraction of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in an unchanged form and is available to exert its therapeutic effects. It is the rate and extent to which a drug is absorbed from its dosage form and becomes available at the site of action. Bioavailability and bioactivity both the concepts are related to the effectiveness of drugs. The term pharmacological response is directly related to our body's blood plasma levels. Thus, bioavailability is defined as the rate and extent (amount) of absorption of an unchanged drug from its dosage form. An ideal drug must have to live within the body and must not reform the properties of biomolecules apart from target molecules. Nano drug delivery systems, also known as nanocarriers or nanomedicines, refer to a class of pharmaceutical formulations that utilize nanotechnology to deliver drugs or therapeutic agents to specific target sites within the body. Nanotechnology offers precise control over the design and fabrication of drug delivery systems. By encapsulating drugs within nanoparticles or nanocarriers, their stability, solubility, and targeted delivery can be improved. Nanoparticles can protect drugs from degradation, enhance their absorption, and enable controlled release, thus improving bioavailability. Nanoparticles can be engineered to specifically target diseased cells or tissues while sparing healthy ones. Functionalized nanoparticles can be designed to attach to specific molecules or receptors found on cancer cells, for instance. This targeted approach reduces systemic side effects and enhances the bioactivity of therapeutic agents. Bioactive loaded nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and engineering of materials at the nanoscale level to create carriers capable of encapsulating and delivering bioactive compounds. These nanocarriers offer several advantages, including improved drug stability, controlled release, targeted delivery, and enhanced bioavailability. The progress achieved thus far in nano-drug delivery systems offers a glimpse into the future of pharmaceutical sciences, with the potential to revolutionize the treatment landscape and improve patient outcomes across a wide range of medical conditions. Embracing the promise of nano-based drug delivery represents a promising pathway towards the realization of safer, more efficient, and patient-tailored therapies in modern medicine.
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Dewangan, Smriti, Moonmun Dhara, and Varsha Rawat. "NANOTECHNOLOGY BASED APPROACHES FOR ENHANCING BIOAVAILABILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 3, 245–77. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bapn3ch14.
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Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in pharmaceutical research, offering innovative solutions to tackle the long-standing challenge of poor solubility of various drugs. In this chapter, we explore the latest advancements and applications of nanotechnology-based solubility enhancement techniques. The poor aqueous solubility of drugs often leads to compromised bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy, limiting their clinical success. Nanotechnology-based approaches, such as nanosuspensions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and cyclodextrin complexes, have shown great promise in enhancing drug solubility and dissolution rates. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, these techniques provide unique opportunities to encapsulate drug compounds, enhancing their stability and facilitating targeted delivery to specific biological sites. Moreover, the use of nanoscale carriers enables controlled and sustained drug release, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects. This review highlights the versatility of nanotechnology in enhancing the solubility of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs alike, broadening its potential application across a wide range of pharmaceutical compounds. Additionally, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of nanomaterials play a pivotal role in ensuring their safety and clinical relevance. Despite these promising advancements, certain challenges remain, including the need for comprehensive toxicity assessments, scalability of manufacturing processes, and regulatory considerations. Nonetheless, nanotechnology-based solubility enhancement techniques hold significant promise for revolutionizing drug development and personalized medicine. In conclusion, this review underscores the transformative potential of nanotechnology-based solubility enhancement techniques in overcoming drug solubility challenges. As the field continues to evolve, further research and collaboration among academia, industry, and regulatory bodies will be essential to unlock the full therapeutic potential of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical applications.
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Swathi, N. L., P. Sirisha, Preethi S, M. Devadarshini, Grandhe Neelima, and Sreerama Rajasekhar. "AN OVERVIEW OF FUTURE PROSPECTIVE IN PRODRUGS DEVELOPMENT." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 5, 62–76. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bapn5ch7.
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Prodrugs, which are chemically altered substances that go through biotransformation to release the active ingredient, offer better medication stability and specialised delivery. Prodrug creation has had a major influence on contemporary drug discovery throughout history, from the isolation of active molecules during the Scientific Revolution through the use of traditional herbal treatments. Structure-activity correlations, optimization approaches, and design principles all take strategic changes into account. Enzymatic, pharmacological, and pH-dependent activation mechanisms allow for controlled drug release and therapeutic activity at a specific spot. Prodrug carriers and nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to transport drugs to particular areas of the body, opening the door to personalised medicine and disease-specific therapies. Successful case studies highlight transformational medicines for a range of disorders despite obstacles in toxicity, bioavailability, and stability. Through clinical trials, regulatory inspection, and post-marketing monitoring, the clinical development process is rigorously evaluated. Looking ahead, prodrug uses in gene therapy and biologics, tailored therapeutics, and developing trends provide interesting opportunities for pharmacological interventions. Prodrugs' full potential will be unlocked through embracing innovation and solving problems, transforming medication delivery and patient care.
Conference papers on the topic "Drug carriers (pharmacy)"
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FENG, Bohua, and Liufen PENG. "Chitosan Derivative Nanoparticles as Prolonged Releasing Drug Carriers." In International Conference on Biological Engineering and Pharmacy 2016 (BEP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bep-16.2017.34.
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