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1

Eheazu, Caroline Lewechi. "Adapting Adult Education towards Advancement of Moral Values Inculcation in Nigeria." Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 6, no. 5 (May 27, 2022): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2022.v06i05.006.

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Based on data from BNK Semarang in 2015, the number of drug addicts in the city of Semarang was 1.9%, while there were 40 rehabilitation centers for drug addicts in the city of Semarang, both hospitals, social institutions, and Islamic boarding schools. The partner of Semarang City is the At-Tawhid Islamic Boarding School which is a place to rehabilitate drug addicts. The aims of this study are (1) to find out the therapeutic models of drug addicts in Islamic boarding schools (2) to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of social therapy in Islamic boarding schools, (3) to determine the length of time for drug addict’s student recovery in Islamic boarding schools. The research approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. The tools and data collection of this research are observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the social therapy carried out by the Rehabilitation Islamic Boarding School was effective in rehabilitating drug addicts. The application of social therapy using a medical approach, classification of student room placements for drug addicts, religious education, personality development, effective social community by rehabilitating drug addicts recovering from the influence of drugs. Suggestions in this study are drug addict students should be able to control the desire to use drugs by increasing their dhikr activities.
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2

Hesaruiyeh, Farzaneh Allahdinian, Saeed Rajabi, Mohadeseh Motamed-Jahromi, Mohammad Sarhadi, Michelle L. Bell, Razieh Khaksefidi, Somayeh Sarhadi, et al. "A Pilot Study on the Association of Lead, 8-Hydroxyguanine, and Malondialdehyde Levels in Opium Addicts’ Blood Serum with Illicit Drug Use and Non-Addict Persons." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159110.

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While a large body of literature has shown the health problems of illicit drug use, research is needed on how substance abuse impacts DNA damage and contaminants in blood, especially given Pb-contaminated opium. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the levels of lead (Pb), 8-hydroxy di-guanine (8-oxo-Gua), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood serum of opium addicts and non-addict people. The current study is a case–control study with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 50 opium-addicted and non-addict adults were chosen for this study using convenience and random sampling methods. Participants were divided into two groups: addicts and non-addicts. The atomic absorption spectroscopy method was used to measure the quantity of Pb, and the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the amount of 8-oxo-Gua and MDA. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test. The results show that the amount of Pb in the blood serum of addicted women and men was higher than levels in non-addict men and women, for the study participants (p-value = 0.001). Blood levels were not significantly different between addicts and non-addicts for men or women for 8-oxo-Gua (p-value = 0.647 for women and p-value = 0.785 for men) and MDA (p-value = 0.867 for women and p-value = 0.995 for men). In general, addicts’ blood Pb levels were found to be substantially higher than those of normal non-addict persons in this pilot study. As a result, testing for blood Pb levels in addicts may be informative in instances when symptoms are inconclusive.
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Hernanto, Fauziah Fitri, Agung Putri Harsa, and Roby Aji Permana. "RESILIENCE AMONG DRUG ABUSER UNDER TREATMENT PROGRAM IN DRUG REHABILITATION CENTER IN SURABAYA." Journal of Vocational Nursing 1, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jovin.v1i2.23561.

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Introduction: Drug abuse is very dangerous because it disrupts the ability to thinking process. Drugs have three dangerous characteristics, namely, addiction, tolerance, and habituation that cause an addict to be compelled to continue using drugs or to try drugs again. A former drug addict is prone to experience inability to pass through stress and stress due to symptoms of neurological dysfunction, physical craving suggestions, and loss of support from the environment. To deal with this situation, former drug addicts must defend themselves by bringing up a source of strength from within themselves called resilience. Increased self-resilience will help former drug addicts to cope with the difficulties experienced, times of crisis, avoid addiction, and overcome stress triggers. Methods: This study used a descriptive design and the sample size was 30 respondents with purposive sampling. The variables of this study was resilience measured through the questionnaire. Results: The results of descriptive analysis show that 16 (53.3%) respondents have low resilience, 6 (20%) respondents have very low resilience, and 8 (26.7%) respondents have sufficient resilience. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that most former drug addicts have low resilience. Health workers and facilitators play an important role in fostering the resilience of former drug addicts.
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4

GJERULDSEN, S., M. ABDELNOOR, S. OPJORDSMOEN, and B. MYRVANG. "Death rates and causes of death in cohorts of serum hepatitis patients followed up for more than 20 years." Epidemiology and Infection 126, no. 1 (February 2001): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801005064.

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A cohort of 214 drug addicts with serum hepatitis and a cohort of 193 hepatitis patients without drug addiction were examined in respect of death rates, causes of death and a number of risk factors for reduced survival. The death rate was significantly higher among the drug addicts than among non-addicts. The annual mortality rate was 1·5% in the drug addict group and 0·7% in the non-addict group. The highest relative risk of death was 860 for female drug addicts in age group 15–24 compared to females of the same age in the general population. The most prevalent cause of death in the drug addict group was drug overdose (53%), whereas in the other group 66% died from various somatic diseases. Hepatitis or complications of viral hepatitis played no role as cause of death among the drug addicts, and infections as a whole were also responsible for very few deaths. For male drug addicts, imprisonment before admission and leaving hospital without the doctors' permission were risk factors for early death.
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Vini, Dwi Yuniar, Denny Soetrisnaadisendjaja, and Subhan Widiansyah. "HABITUASI REMAJA PECANDU NARKOBA PADA YAYASAN REHABILITASI DHIRA SUMAN TRITOHA." Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Humaniora 13, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j-psh.v13i1.52417.

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Social deviations against adolescents are increasingly prevalent because of their curiosity to find identity so that for those who have the wrong association, it will have an impact on social deviations and become drug addicts. While drugs are increasing, there are not many people around to suggest addicts to rehabilitation. This study aims to identify and describe the habituation process of adolescent drug addicts at the stage of Mental, Narcotics, and Geriatrics rehabilitation at the Dhira Suman Tritoha Foundation. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of the research in this matter were analyzed using Pierre Bordieu’s theory of Cultural Reproduction, showing that the Dhira Suman Tritoha rehabilitation foundation played a role in shaping the character of adolescent drug addicts through four aspects, namely (1) habitus: adaption of adolescent former drug addicts, (2) capital: there are four, namely economic capital (rehabilitation costs borne by parents of drug-addicted adolescent patients, social capital (establishment of the closeness of a relationship with one another in rehabilitation foundation), cultural capital (habituation in behavior is formed well), symbolic capital (providing self-control to adolescent addicted patients). (3) Arena: a form of struggle for drug addicts to recover, (4) Symbolic Violence: formation of the character of former drug addicts through control. Adolescent drug addicts during rehabilitation form good character and understanding of social norms.
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6

Abdur Rohman and Siswo. "KONTRIBUSI PESANTREN DALAM REHABILITASI PECANDU NARKOBA (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Darun Najah Dawuhan Kidul Papar Kediri)." Jurnal Ilmiah Spiritualis: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam dan Tasawuf 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53429/spiritualis.v6i2.130.

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Islamic boarding schools have a great kindness to this nation. Starting from the struggle to fight off the colonizers to the socio-political sphere. An example regarding contribution of Islamic boarding school in the social sphere is to become a partner of state in the rehabilitation of drug addicts. One of the Islamic boarding schools that contribute to rehabilitating drug addicts is the Darun Najah boarding school in Dawuhan Kidul, Papar, Kediri, East Java. This Islamic boarding school was made choice by BNN Kediri as a partner because it gave evidence to cure drug addicts with a relatively short time. This research concludes that the causes of people becoming drug addicts start from a free drug but it is rejected due to forbidden good, then; second, it appears curiosity and he wants to try when getting problems; third, he is addicted and forced to buy; fourth, he justifies all of ways to obtain the forbidden goods; fifth, hegashes himself and even others. While the characteristics of marijuana addict in cigarettes is to have a smell like burning rubber; the characteristic of a methamphetamine addict is laughing to himself without being funny; their situation is often confused, blank, digressing when he speaks and likes a flu. The rehabilitation process of drug addicts in Darun Najah Islamic boarding school is to combine herbal and spiritual medicine models. Herbal medicines consist of honey, olive oil and kangkung leaves. While spiritual medicines are the prayer activities in midnight, the study of classic book, prayers and having asma’ water and gurah.
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7

Sedykh, K., and V. Lavrinenko. "FEATURES OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC WORK WITH FAMILIES OF DRUG DEPENDENT PATIENTS." Psychology and Personality, no. 2 (October 6, 2022): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2022.2.265488.

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The article characterizes the types of relationship configurations in chemically dependent families; the internal conflicts of the addict's personality are described; the role of shame in the addiction formation is highlighted. The theoretical principles of understanding the family relationships configurations essence and its specificities in families with drug addicts are presented. It is presented that the most typical for families with drug addicts are symbiotic-conflict and conflict types of family relationships configurations, which allow the interaction participants to realize a dependent type of attachment. The phenomenon of family configurations repetition in different generations of the same family is revealed and described. Some practical psychotherapeutic techniques in dealing with addicted patients are highlighted. In particular, the differences in the implementation of psychotherapy of families of drug addicts with a predominance of symbiotic-conflict (reduction of emotional dependence) or conflict (search for other ways of communication) types of configurations are shown. The role of shame in working with drug addicts is described, constructive and non-constructive variants of the influence of shame on the process of overcoming excessive use are differentiated. Based on the description of the prevailing types of intrapersonal conflicts in drug addicts, appropriate strategies for psychotherapeutic work with them are presented.
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8

Wirogioto, Ali Johardi. "Cigarette Addiction as The Gateway to Drug Addiction." International Journal of Social Service and Research 2, no. 7 (July 27, 2022): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v2i7.136.

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Smoking is not a cultural heritage of the Indonesian nation. Smoking is a habit that begins in adolescence. WHO data confirms that adolescents have a high tendency to smoke. Initially, smokers were under the age of 18, around 7.2 percent in 2013 and increased to 9.1 percent in 2018. Teenage students are more likely to smoke than adults. It is believed that 1 in 4 drug addicts started as addicted to cigarettes. In contrast, 90 percent of them started being addicted to drugs when they were 18. Because the brain is still developing until the age of 25, if, at that time, the brain was familiar with nicotine, cigarettes would be a gateway to addiction to other compounds, especially alcohol and illegal drugs. This qualitative descriptive study aims to determine what causes cigarette addicts to become drug addicts. The study results show that many factors cause a common thread between cigarette addicts and drug addicts, starting with the desire to try, pressure from peer groups or peer groups, being trapped and eventually falling into drug abuse. The low price during the massive promotion of cigarettes by sponsoring various school activities is considered a supporting factor.
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9

Vicente, José, and Fernando Magalhaes. "Adaptation Strategies: Aesthetics of the Linguistic Codes Used by Drug Addicts in Portugal." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, no. 26 (August 8, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n26p1.

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Daily continuous drug use becomes a chronic disease, and this causes the person to lose control over his actions and over his own life. The most used nomenclatures/terminologies when referring to drug users is “addict”. The desire to use drugs overrides all the activities and responsibilities that the drug addict must carry out in his daily life. The physical and psychosocial destruction of the drug user is quick and visible to all those around him and who lives with him daily. In Portugal, drug addicts, despite knowing that they are not criminalized for drug use, know and feel that this is not a socially accepted practice. In this sense, one of the ways that these people defend themselves from social criticism or judgment is through the elaboration of the perceptible linguistic signs and codes, which is understandable only by the drug addicts. In this research, the analysis dimension consisted of understanding and decoding these linguistic codes and to perceive the main reasons that are inherent to their use by drug addicts. According to the reports of drug addicts, it was possible to decode these linguistic codes of drug addicts and translate them into a language that can be accessible to the Portuguese society in general, and for all those who develop their professional practices with drug addicts. To carry out this research, the qualitative methodology was used, which is centered on a case study. Semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection technique. For data analysis, the content analysis was utilized.
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10

Nugraha, I. Made Hari Wangsa, I. Gusti Ngurah Anom Rajendra, and I. Wayan Yuda Manik. "Application of the Concept of Healing Environment-in the Design of the Drug Rehabilitation Center in Bali." Journal of A Sustainable Global South 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jsgs.2018.v02.i02.p02.

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A drug addict (narcotics, psychotropic drugs, and other addictive materials) have a very rapid development in many countries. Country Indonesia included in the country with the number of drugs users are growing rapidly every year, so it needs a facility that is the drug rehabilitation. Drug addict rehabilitation center in Bali is a facility that hosts a drug ad-dict in order to recover the health of body, emotions, mind, and soul. Drug addict rehabilitation facilities have on site medical and non-medical health required for restoring and treating drug addicts and it also helps the Government pro-gram to reduce the drug addict. Drug rehabilitation center is a healing environment designed aiming to accelerate the healing process ang providing service for drug addicts. To achieve these goals, the process of designing a drug addict rehabilitation centre implemented the concept of the healing environment where in this design, the healing process is obatained through the rehabillitan not only medical but also parties obtained from the environment around the rehabili-tan used by rehabillitan as on object design. Index Terms— drug addict, rehabilitation center, healing environment.
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11

Darusi, Dragana, Danka Radulovic, and Ivana Radovanovic. "Cerebral edema in drug addicts." Vojnosanitetski pregled 71, no. 6 (2014): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1406554d.

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Background/Aim. The effect of drugs leaves permanent consequences on the brain, organic in type, followed by numerous manifestations, and it significantly affects the development of mental dysfunctions. The clinicians are often given a task to estimate a patient?s personality during treatment or during experts estimate of a drug addict. The aim of this research was to determine the differences, if any, in characteristics of addicts experience and personality traits in drug addicts with or without cerebral edema. Methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 252 male drug addicts, the average age of 23.3 (SD = 4.3) years. Cerebral edema was confirmed on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain performed during the treatment of the addicts. The participants were tested by the psychologists using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-201) test, and the data were processed using canonical discriminate analysis within the SPSS program. The dependent variable in the study was cerebral edema. A block of independent variables, designed for the requirements of this study, consisted of two subgroups. The first one consisted of 12 variables describing the relevant characteristics of drug abuse. The second subgroup consisted of 8 psychopathological tendencies in the personality defined by the mentioned test. Results. Cerebral edema was confirmed in 52 (20.63%) of the drug addicts. The differences between the groups of drug addicts with and without cerebral edema were determined in the following: the time span of taking drugs (0.301), use of alcohol parallel with drugs (0.466), and treatment for addiction (0.603). In the drug addicts with a cerebral edema, MMPI-201 confirmed the increase in the scales for hypochondria, psychopathic deviations and psychastenia, and the decrease in the scales for schizophrenia and depression. Conclusion. Our study confirmed a possible connection between cerebral edema and personality traits in a number of the examined drug addicts. Considering the fact that practice often requires personality estimation, regardless whether it is about treatment or expert?s estimate, it is necessary to further research in this direction.
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12

OBAID, MAYSSAM. "Treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts A field study for inmates in the Rusafa second parking lot and Ibn Rushd Psychiatric Hospital." Journal Ishraqat Tanmawya 26 (June 2021): 195–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.51424/ishq.27.8.

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The study aimed to identify the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts for a sample of inmates in the Al-Rusafa second parking lot and in Ibn Rushd Psychiatric Hospital, in order to identify the causes of addiction and the rehabilitation programs provided to drug users. To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive and analytical approach by applying a questionnaire to a sample of 60 Addict The results showed that the most popular groups for addiction are young people, and crystal is the most popular drug among them, and among the most important factors driving their addiction are bad friends and unemployment as well as leisure time, and the results showed that there are differences between age and the desire of addicts to take treatment Also, the company of friends restricts the addict and hinders him from applying for treatment, and the results show that the demand for drug treatment decreases the lower the educational level. Key words: drugs, addiction, rehabilitation, treatment of addicts
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13

Abu Hassan, Normala, Mohd Azhar Abd Hamid, Zainudin Hassan, Kassim Thukiman, Muhammed Fauzi Othman, and Mohd Koharudin. "Perspective Transformation Model Among Former Drug Addict in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.30 (August 24, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18215.

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Drug addiction is number one problem in Malaysia. Drug addiction could lead to many problems to the society, community as well to the country. The purpose of this article is to discuss the perspective transformation model among 15 former drug addict. Perspective transformation model is a lifelong learning process. It is self directed and effective learning process for adults. Based on the facts the drug addiction is difficult to recover but it is not impossible. In order to leave the drug addicts individuals need motivation, commitment, spirit and sacrifice. This article is to highlight how the former drug addict managed to escape from the drug addiction after going through a tough process. The former drug addicts share their success story with the researcher during the interview. This study will explore how the former drug addict change the meaning scheme and perspective scheme through transformative learning experience. Through the interaction with others it caused the transformation to the worldview of the former drug addicts. The main theory of this study is transformative learning theory by Mezirow. Qualitative methods was chosen in this study by using the phenomenological and case study method in which to understand the phenomenan comprehensively. Finally, this article will conclude the perspective transformation model among former drug addicts.
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Nazrul Islam, S. K., Kazi Jahangir Hossain, Afsaruddin Ahmed, and Monira Ahsan. "Nutritional status of drug addicts undergoing detoxification: prevalence of malnutrition and influence of illicit drugs and lifestyle." British Journal of Nutrition 88, no. 5 (November 2002): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002702.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the nutritional status of drug addicts, the prevalence of malnutrition among them and the influence of their drug habit and lifestyle factors on their nutritional indices. The study was conducted among 253 male drug addicts, who sought detoxification at the Central Drug Addiction Treatment Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of June 1998–July 1999. One hundred age-, height- and socioeconomic-matched non-addicted healthy men were recruited by convenience as cohort controls. Results showed that the drug addicts had significantly (P<0·001) lowered BMI, haemoglobin, and serum total protein and albumin levels. Clinical signs of nutrient deficiency were diagnosed in about 74 % of drug addicts. The BMI, biochemical values and nutrient deficiency signs indicated that more than 60 % of drug addicts were suffering from multiple malnutrition. One-way ANOVA demonstrated a significant (P<0·05) negative correlation between drug habit, sexually transmitted diseases and selected nutritional indices, and a positive correlation between education, income and the nutritional indices. A series of multiple regression analyses revealed that education, income and age showed significantly predicted BMI and biochemical indices, and the group (non-drug addicts or drug addicts) had a significant negative effect on these parameters in favour of controls.
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Rehman, Salma, and Madiha Asghar. "Religiosity and Addiction Among Medical Students." Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS) 2, no. 1 (July 14, 2016): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32879/pjpbs.2016.2.1.59-70.

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The present study was aimed at exploring the relationship between the role of religiosity and drug addiction among medical students. In the present study the drug addicted medical students were compared to non-addicts on measures of adolescent alcohol and drug use and demographic information. Participants of the study consisted of two hundred (N=200) male and female students with the age range of 18-29, including one hundred addicts (n=100) and one hundred (n=100) non addict medical students. Convenient sampling and snowball technique was used for collecting the data from medical students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Responses from the different medical students were analyzed. The finding of the research indicated that those students who offered their prayers on regular basis were less likely to be prone to drug addiction as compared to those who did not offer prayers regularly.
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16

Peele, Stanton. "The Pleasure Principle in Addiction." Journal of Drug Issues 15, no. 2 (April 1985): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268501500203.

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Both lay people and addiction theorists often explain drug abuse and addiction in terms of the pleasure the addict derives from a drug. This “pleasure principle” model does not succeed in explaining either the initiation or continuation of drug abuse or other compulsive, self-destructive behavior. Examinations of the rewards addicts report from addiction to drugs and to other involvements point instead toward a desire to modify experience by making it less burdensome or painful. Implications for how addicts become able eventually to dismiss addictive rewards are discussed.
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Abu Hassan, Normala, Mohd Azhar Abd Hamid, Zainudin Hassan, Kassim Tukiman, and Mohd Koharudin. "The tranformative perspective in critical reflection and dialogue among former drug addict in petaling jaya, Selangor, Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.9 (October 2, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.9.20612.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss the function of critical reflection and dialogue through perspective transformation process among 15 former drug addict. This paper will discusses the learning process of the former drug addicts return to normal life. One of the learning elements that applies in the adult cognitive system (in this context is the former addict drug) is a critical reflection. Critical reflection is an important element in transformative learning which former drug addict trying to find a solution to drug addiction by doing critical reflection to their past experience. They will reflect, think again, check and examine the experience as a drug addict. In addition, the dialog element is important in critical reflection which can respond to experience of former drug addicts. Dialogue is a process by which the former drug addict dialogue with other individuals to build a new perspective and is a process is important element in transformative learning. Critical reflection and dialogue an effective learning process for adults. The main theory of this study is transformative learning theory by Mezirow. Qualitative methods was chosen in this study by using the phenomenological and case study method in which to understand the phenomenon comprehensively. Finally, this article will conclude the critical reflection and dialogue function to help former drug addicts.
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Fatihatur Rahmah, Ayu. "Komunikasi Interpersonal Rehabilitasi Pecandu Narkoba di Malang." Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 10, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jik.2020.10.1.63-77.

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This article discusses how the interpersonal communication that is built between counselors and drug addicts patients in receiving institutions is obliged to report bahrul maghfiroh cinta indonesia (IPWL BMCI) Malang. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the interpersonal communication process carried out between counselors and drug addict patients in IPWL BMCI Malang. The results showed that the interpersonal communication that was built between the counselor and the drug addict patient was: (1) taking a personal approach to the drug addict patient (2) verbal and non verbal communication between the counselor and the drug addict patient (3) making the patient familiar with the counselor (4) ) fostering trust in patients with drug addicts (5) strengthening the kinship system.
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Marsono, Iman Santoso, and Kemala Atmojo. "Penerapan Rehabilitasi terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika dalam Perspektif Teori Rehabilitasi." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 8, no. 9 (September 24, 2023): 4961–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v8i9.13552.

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In Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics (Narcotics Law), drug users can be divided into Abusers, Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse. Drug abusers are people who use drugs without rights or against the law. But if the person is a drug addict, he is a person who uses and abuses drugs dependently both physically and psychologically. Where drug abusers and addicts have an element of intentionality in their actions. This is of course different from the qualifications of people who are victims of drug abuse. The Supreme Court based on the provisions of Article 103 of the Narcotics Law took steps to build a paradigm to stop criminalization for drug addicts by issuing a Supreme Court Decree (SEMA) Number 4 of 2010 concerning the Determination of Abusers, and Drug Addicts into Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation Institutions. The author provides an example of a case of a victim of drug abuse whose case has been decided by PN Klaten with its decision Number 8 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN.Kln. The research method used is the normative juridical method, which is research that prioritizes literature data, namely research on secondary data. The secondary data can be primary, secondary or tertiary legal material. This research includes research on positive legal provisions in force in Indonesia relating to the application of rehabilitation to victims of drug abuse. Based on the results of the study, the author concluded that the application of rehabilitation for victims of drug abuse was carried out by an integrated assessment team with the aim of saving victims of drug abuse, if someone is an addict. Or the victim caught can determine whether to be put in prison or rehabilitated. Addicts and victims of drug abuse are "sick people" who are obliged to undergo treatment by placing them in social rehabilitation institutions. This is based on the consideration that most drug offenders are victims of drug abuse. Understanding the reorientation of handling addicts and victims of drug abuse, which formulates that drug users who are in the legal process and proven to be pure users are no longer led to bars, but rehabilitated, so that both the Police and the Prosecutor's Office still apply legal processes and naan ids for every abuser caught consuming narcotics
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Simakina, O. E., N. A. Belyakov, V. V. Rassokhin, and N. B. Khalezova. "Drug use in the spread and forming of epidemic of hiv infection." Marine Medicine 6, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-2-7-24.

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The paper reviews issues of drug use in the spread of HIV infection through sexual and injection routes, interaction of drug addicts with the general population, the main psychoactive substances used by drug addicts, the practices that contribute to the transmission of HIV from a drug addict to a healthy person, the representation of drug addicts in risk groups, the course of infections among injecting drug users (IDUs), treatment of drug use and infections in IDUs. The role of drug addiction in maintaining the HIV epidemic is shown. It is observed that people involved in seafaring are in high-risk area by drug addiction as well as by spread of HIV infection. Marine regions are among the most affected.
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A, Khan Rasel, Galib Adnan, Hasan Abid, Neegar Nahid, and Roy Debendra N. "ALARMING SIGNALS OF DRUG ADDICTION AMONG THE SOUTHERN YOUTHS IN BANGLADESH: A SURVEY BASED RESEARCH." International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31878/ijcbr.2018.44.04.

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Back ground: Drug addiction is a serious public health crisis which affects almost every sphere in a community in a way or another and this in turn can possibly lead to social disharmony, severe crimes, degraded social status and most possibly physical and mental health deterioration. The sole purpose of our study was aimed to analyze the current awful situation of drug addiction at four different southern cities of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross sectional health based survey was carried out with a self-designed standard questionnaire by manual data collection over a nine months period (12.09.2015 to 10.04.2016) at four adjacent cities Gopalganj, Khulna, Bagerhat and Narail respectively. Total 300 substance abusers were investigated by majorly visiting at their home and sometimes visiting the places where they usually take drugs. Descriptive statistics were applied to the collected data and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Results: In this cross sectional study we observed that, 82% addicts are predominantly young males mostly between the ages of 10-30. About 48% are addicted by cannabis, 19% and 17% by yaba and phensedyl respectively. In case of first starting of drug use curiosity, surrounding environment were the primary reason and cannabis as their first drug (61%) followed by phensedyl (16%). At least 53% addict’s relayed on locality like friends and 30% used local dealers as a main source to collect these abused drugs. Healthy financial support is very important for collecting abused drugs and 30% addicts spend pocket money, 23% job, 20% business source to buy these costly substances. Although it is important to mention that 61% addicts are compromising either physical or psychological complications but it is one of good symptoms to observe that more than 60% of drug addicts are trying to give up addiction forming agents in these days. Conclusion: In recent years drug addiction has significantly increased in the whole world especially in South Asian countries. It must be emphasized as an alarming sign by the government as well as awareness among the peoples are very essential to stop this critical condition from affecting our future young leaders.Keywords: Drug; Addiction; Youths; Bangladesh.
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Ali, Ali, and Huruma Sigalla. "The Elusive Recovery from Drug Addiction in Pemba: How Addicted Persons and their Families Cope." JOURNAL OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION OF TANZANIA 37, no. 1 (July 10, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/jgat.v37i1.148.

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This article elucidates on how addiction affects family and how the latter copes while living with an addict. The article is based on a study whose objectives were to explore the factors influencing people to start using drugs and to learn the impacts of drug addiction on family members. It was found that many addicts started using drugs during their young ages mainly before the age of 30. Most of them started taking drugs due to curiosity, misconception, ignorance, or simply imitation of others under peer pressure. Exposure to certain social milieu such as availability of drugs or/and people using drug at the family and community level is one of the contributory factors. Different opinions with regard to the trend of people who abuse drugs are considered. It is shown that formal rehabilitation measures such as sober house were effective in rehabilitating drug addicts though many addicts opted to use these services as a last resort. We recommend that the public should be informed about the availability of sober houses and should be encouraged to use their services to deal with drug addiction problems.
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Laksana, Andri Winjaya. "THE LEGAL POSITION OF ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL (PESANTREN) AS A REHABILITATION EFFORT FOR NARCOTICS ABUSE." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i2.17756.

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Islamic Boarding School or Pesantren is not only a place to teach religion, but also teaches other fields such as agribusiness and even rehabilitation for narcotics addicts. Rehabilitation is a process of integrated treatment activities to free addicts from drug dependence. Pesantren is one of the places that can be used to rehabilitate people who are addicted to drugs by using Islamic values that are usually applied to the students of Islamic boarding schools. This socio-legal research is descriptive in nature, strengthened by analysis of prescriptive interpretation. The results obtained from this study are the position of the Pesantren in the rehabilitation of drug abuse by applying two treatment methods for drug addicts, namely medical treatment and non-medical treatment. The rehabilitation process for narcotics addicts is the first, ablution, the second dzikr, the third five daily prayers in congregation, fourth, fasting on the Monday and Thursday, fifth or the last one is night prayer (Qiyamullail).
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Bailey, Richard C., Yih-Ing Hser, Shih-Chao Hsieh, and M. Douglas Anglin. "Influences Affecting Maintenance and Cessation of Narcotics Addiction." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400204.

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A sample of 354 narcotics addicts remanded to the California Civil Addict Program (CAP) in 1962–64 was followed for over twenty-four years. Self-report data collected at initial treatment admission and in two follow-up interviews (1974–75 and 1985–86) included information on family history, patterns of drug use and criminal involvement, and other behaviors. The sample was classified into four exclusive groups: Winners (N=59), who had been abstinent from narcotics and other serious drug use and had not been involved in criminal activity during the thirty-six-month period prior to interview; Striving addicts ( N=46), who had been abstinent from narcotics use, but not necessarily other drugs, and had no incarceration for a period of twelve months prior to interview; Enduring addicts ( N=146), who had used narcotics and typically other drugs within the prior 12-month period, but had avoided incarceration; and Incarcerated addicts ( N=103), incarcerated at some time during the twelve-month period, and whose drug use was varied. Winners had generally negative familial experiences including little encouragement from parents, who in the main had adverse relationships, higher rates of sexual molestation, and were least happy in childhood. Despite this environment Winners evidenced early independence and self-confidence. Striving addicts were characterized by usually non-substance-using, church-going parents. Most had ceased narcotics use, but remained heavily involved with alcohol and marijuana. Enduring addicts, mostly from lower socioeconomic status families that exhibited extensive substance use and physical arguments, commonly accessed methadone treatment and avoided incarceration while persisting in narcotic addiction and crime. Incarcerated addicts, typically raised in dysfunctional, substance-using families, received the most parental caring along with the most severe punishment. They exhibited persistent involvement in crime, violence, and drug use.
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x, Madhuri. "Comparison of Personality of Alcoholics & Drug Addicts versus Non-Alcoholics & Non-Drug Addicts." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 1, no. 3 (March 5, 2012): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/ijsr12120360.

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Ekhwan Toriman, Mohd, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Nur Atikah Mohd Adanan, Norfatihah Haron, Sharifah Nurul Izatiumira Syed Omar, Wan Nur Ain Syazwani Wan Mohamad Zailan, Nor Amira Shafiqah Zulkifli, and Siti Nor Fazillah Abdullah. "Evaluation of Drug Addicts Rate with Environmental Components Study in Terengganu, Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (July 25, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16857.

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The evolution of drug addict’s rate is significantly increase in Malaysia and it's became a chronic problem among the society. The number of drug addiction cases in Malaysia is contributed by the number of drug addicts involving all the states including Terengganu. The aim of this study is to evaluation the rate of drug addicts according to several environmental components which affects the increment of drug addiction in Terengganu. In this study, the Descriptive Statistics Analysis using XLSTAT has been use to describe the result. The results indicate there are five factors that involve with drug influence including peer influence, curiosity, depression, fun and enduring pain or body defense and the major factors influencing the involvement of drug addicts into this problem is peer influence. Therefore, the stakeholder involved could put an effort to reduce the drug addicts’ rate through proving an effective plan. This study suggested all parties need to know the tremendous drug problem not only in Terengganu but also in Malaysia. This is so that the problem of drug can be reduced and make Malaysia a nation free from drug debris that can endanger everyone.
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Zeb, Muhammad Asif, Syed Izaz Shah, Pervez Muhammad, Insafia Mehmood, Sajid Khan, and Sana Kanwal Khan. "Association of Biochemical Parameters in Chronic Drug Addict Patients; A Case-Control Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166845.

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Objective: To determine the effect of a biochemical parameter in chronic drug addict patients in Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 90 drug addicts were randomly collected, 45 were hashish and 45 were heroin addicts. Drug addicts having hepatitis B and C infections were excluded from the study. Three milliliters of blood samples were collected in the lithium heparin tube using an aseptic technique for the determination of Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, Triglycerides, and Cholesterol. Results: Cholesterol was significantly decreased (P=0.00) in the age group between 21 and 40 years followed by the age group less than 20 years (P=0.02). Liver enzymes were significantly elevated but, were more significant up to 40 years (P=0.00). Conclusion: Heroin and hashish affect liver function enzymes Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase and cause a reduction in cholesterol levels in individuals using drugs for a long period. Keywords: Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Triglycerides, and Cholesterol.
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Mamun, Md Abdullah Al, Md Jahangir Kabir, Md Sajedul Asif Farzan, Ishrat Zerin, Md Arafat Kabir, and AKM Salah Uddin. "Oral Health Status among Drug Addicts in a Selected Hospital in Dhaka City." Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education 5, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i1.22452.

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This was a cross-sectional study on oral health status of drug addicted patients admitted in a drug abuse treatment center in Dhaka city. This study was conducted at Mukti Mental Hospital, Drug & Alcohol Treatment Center situated at Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was carried out among 50 drug addicts from the month of January to June 2012. Data were collected from the patients from 21st April to 5th May 2012. The main objective of the study was to assess and investigate the oral hygiene practice and oral health status of drug abusers. Fifty drug abusers irrespective of sex and age were interviewed & their oral health status was evaluated using the World Health Organization recommended procedures for Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth and the periodontal status. Data were collected with a pretested structured questionnaire and checklist. Dental caries was found in 92% of the drug addicts, while Missing and Filled teeth were recorded 86% and 88% of the addicts respectively. 86% of the addicts demonstrated DMFT score 1 or Higher; whereas 14% of the addicts demonstrated DMFT score 0 or were free from any form of dental decay, missing teeth or dental filling and 74% of the drug addicts had gingival inflammation and bleeding from gum, 42% had some oral mucosal lesion like apthus ulcer and candidiasis. The number of Decayed, Missing or Filled teeth increased with less frequency of daily tooth brushing and this finding was significant (p<0.01). On the basis of these findings it was concluded that dental caries in drug addicts is a major health concern and creating awareness among the public about harmful effects of drugs on their oral health through plan and policy can reduce the burden of dental diseases. Moreover mass media and general education of the mass people can play a vital role. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i1.22452 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(1) 2015: 11-13
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Kamarzarin, Hamid, and Maryam Tehranizadeh. "Examining the Relationship between the Emotional Intelligence and Normal People, Drug Addict, and Drug-Quitter among no-Name Addicted Groups (NA)." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 30 (June 2014): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.30.69.

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Emotional intelligence brings more success in people and makes them treat ordinary problems more wisely. Addiction, which is currently increasing in most societies, causes people to be inoperable as well as causing personal and social devaluation. The present study investigates emotional intelligence in three groups of the members of the society and these include normal people who have never taken any drugs, the drug addicts and drug-quitter in no-name addicted groups (NA). The subjects in the present study are 90 males of Karaj Province in total, which are selected as follows: 30 of them were selected in a simple random sampling method, 30 drug addicts who were selected purposefully and 30 no-name addicted individuals (NA) were selected purposefully. In order to evaluate the emotional intelligence in the present study, Bar-On emotional intelligence questionnaire was used and in order to detect the drug addicts, a self-reporting technique was used. The information used in the present study was obtained from an individual interview. With the aim of analyzing the data, descriptive practices were used to explain the information about the samples and demographic characteristics, as in inferential methods such as variance analysis. The results obtained in the present study showed that the emotional intelligence of the drug-quitters in the (NA) is generally higher than that of the normal and the drug addicts; to be more specific, there is a significant difference between the three groups in all the seven subcategories of the emotional intelligence; that is to say, it was higher in the NA. The seven subcategories contain problem solving, happiness, psychological pressure tolerance, self-actualization, self-esteem, impulse control and self-expression.
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Jusuf, Yung Sutrisno. "Spiritualitas untuk Pemulihan Pecandu Napza: Sebuah Eksplorasi berdasarkan Lukas 15:11-32." MELINTAS 37, no. 1 (December 9, 2022): 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/mel.v37i1.6288.

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The longing of every sinner is to return to the right path. A sinner wants forgiveness and mercy. In the spiritual context, drug addiction is a form of sin that destroys human relationship with God. Drug addicts are victims of human failure to control their desires and thus they suffer and lose their dignity. To return to normal life and regain his or her dignity, a drug addict must follow a rehabilitation process. A therapeutic community for drug addicts is a rehabilitation model that involves the role of others in the recovery process. The atmosphere of community life, fraternity, and togetherness is built in this community so that each person can feel wholeness as dignified and loving human being. A therapeutic community needs a model of spirituality to achieve the aspired values. This article explores the parable of Prodigal Son in Luke 15:11-32 to inspire a model of spirituality that can be used in a rehabilitation community for drug addicts, namely, the spirituality of compassion and mercy. In the spirituality of compassion and mercy, a drug addict is readmitted to the community to restore his or her dignity.
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Black, Dorothy. "NOTIFYING DRUG ADDICTS." Lancet 332, no. 8605 (July 1988): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92577-9.

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32

Curto, A. "Managing drug addicts." British Dental Journal 221, no. 3 (August 2016): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.542.

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Islam, Md Azharul, Md Towfael Hossen, Md Khaled Hossain, Kaniz Fatima, and Marzia Khatun. "Impact of drug addiction on social environment focused in Mymensingh district." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 2, no. 3 (December 29, 2015): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v2i3.26163.

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The study was carried out to assess the impact of drug addiction on social environments in 6 wards of Mymensingh town. Information were collected on age, education level, reason of drug use, sources of drug, occupation, types of drugs, time and place of drug use, marital status and side effect of drug use. The findings revealed that about half of the drug addicted were aged more than 30 years, two-fourth people was aged between 25-30 years following less than 25 years aged people. Among the drug addicted respondents 10% were illiterate, 31, 26, 13 and 18% respondents were educated up to primary, SSC, HSC and Graduate level respectively. Most of the drug addicted respondents took drugs at day time (55%), 34% at night, among them 55% preferred alcohol, 26% preferred Yaba, 13% Gaza, and 5% preferred yrap. About 36% drug addicts suffered from vomiting, 28%, 15% suffered from vertigo, headache and gastric respectively. Most of them (80%) faced different abnormalities in their working life. Among local people who were affected by drug addiction 45% were grocery shopkeeper, 36%, 18% were confectionary worker and tea stall owner respectively. The reasons determined through research, 63% affected people informed that drug addicts were involved with drugs from depression. The study revealed that drug addiction was worsening social environment of the study area. Several ways have been recommended to remove the curse of drug addiction from our country and Mymensingh district in particular. It will also assist responsible authority to take necessary measures against drug addiction.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 411-417, December 2015
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Aliyu, Abubakar, Adamu Mohammed Babayo, and Musa Hamza. "Application of Therapeutic Architectural Principles in the Design of Drug Rehabilitation Centre for Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science 07, no. 12 (2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2022.71202.

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In order to achieve lifetime abstinence from illicit drugs and psychoactive substances, drug de-addiction and rehabilitation now endeavors to provide emotional support along with medical care, rather than aiming at removal of physical dependences on drugs only. When a drug addict is released from a Detention Camp, he/she is reintegrated back to the society as liability with high temptation to relapse, due to the ineffectiveness of the detention strategy and gross inadequacy of drug treatment and rehabilitation services in Nigeria, as Programs like Detoxification, Psychotherapy and Meditation are absent. The purpose of this study therefore is to explore the principles of therapeutic architecture towards designing a therapeutic environment, with a view to support the new treatment trend for drug addicts and thugs in Bauchi state- Nigeria. The method applied in this study is basically qualitative, using Multiple Case Study approach. Cross Case Analysis was used to analyze the data collected. This study identified 12 principles of Therapeutic Architecture and was able to determine the best mode of application for the design of the Rehabilitation Centre. The findings of this study showcase Architecture in aiding therapy for drug addicts and thugs, by creating a therapeutic environment that addresses the problem of relapse and inadequacy of the treatment facility in the study area, which ensures reintegration of addicts back to the society within the shortest possible time with minimal professional intervention.
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Svensson, Bengt. "Life as a drug user." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 14, no. 4 (August 1997): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259701400407.

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This article is based on a field study I made in trying to understand the everyday life of drug users. I tried to answer the question why drugs stay in addicts’ lives. Is it because of the power of the drug? Or has life on the drug scene any advantages compared to the available life in ordinary society? The material, which was collected through ethnographic fieldwork in the milieus where the drug users spend their time, is based primarily on observations, conversations, and in-depth interviews. In this article I focus on a group of seven key informants, five men and two women, whom I met during the field-work. In between 1989 and 1995 I met these and other informants more than five hundred times. I introduce a metaphor by which I look at the addict's relation to the drug as a love affair. The relationship begins with a phase of falling in love, which leads to a decision either to live separately or to live together. In the latter case, the relationship is established as a marital relation, characterized by security, habits and routines, moments when passionate love flares up again, periods of doubt, and possibly a decision to break up. This break-up can lead to divorce from the drug, but the relationship can also be resumed after a period of separation. When I began my study after having worked for many years as a social worker, one of my basic assumptions was that there was a solidarity among drug addicts and that it was one of the main attractions of a life on drugs. I have since arrived at the conclusion that there is extensive sociality, but without solidarity. There is outward solidarity, vis-à-vis outsiders, authorities of various kinds. The primary expression of this outward solidarity is the principle of not to “snitch”. There is no inward solidarity, however. People let others down, trick their friends, steal from each other, expose others to risk, ignore pleas for help, and so on. The lack of solidarity is due to the fact that the addicts all do business with each other. The most important ways of making a living are based on deals: selling drugs to other addicts, doing break-ins together and sharing the loot, receiving goods from others and offering to sell them, exchanging goods for drugs, treating someone to a fix and expecting a fix in return, charging people who use their flat as a crash-pad, arranging contacts with pushers, selling on a commission basis for a pusher. Relations between the actors in the drugs world are generally permeated with economic relations. The lack of real solidarity is perhaps the main reason why addicts want to leave drugs behind. Only one of the key informants never talked about kicking the habit. Quite a few of them have tried to break out of their addiction. These attempts to break out - or to break into normal society - have demonstrated some of the difficulties facing an addict who wants to get established in ordinary life. As competent drug addicts, with a large network of contacts and a short planning perspective, they come to a world where this competence has no value, where it is essential to be able to plan one's economy, and where they know very few people who do not take drugs. They move to a new world, but the old world of drugs is always alongside it. Even if they move to a new town, they can recognize people of “their own kind” around them. Although staying in the addicts’ world means misery, betrayal, and even death, it has other features: the sociality, eventfulness, the short perspectives, the everything-will-work-out-fine attitude, the sense of competence, having something to do (in the form of criminal ways of making a living), and the artificial pleasure of the drugs. This can be contrasted with the alternatives offered to them by ordinary life: solitude, unemployment, poverty, idleness, the sense of being superfluous. Despite the difficulties, many of the informants make constant attempts to break into ordinary life. I see this as an expression of their having the same basic goals in life as people in general: that they want to live a normal life and be respected by normal people. The result of their efforts depends to a large extent on how they can fill the emptiness they meet when they quit drugs and a lifestyle completely connected with drugs.
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Faisal, Muhammad, and Rina Juwita. "Strategi Komunikasi dalam Pembinaan Pecandu Narkoba dengan Pendekatan Therapeutic Community di Yayasan Sekata." Jurnal Indonesia : Manajemen Informatika dan Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2024): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jimik.v5i1.560.

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This research looks at the persuasive communication strategies used by the Sekata Foundation in fostering drug addicts with the Therapeutic Community approach. This research aims to find out about what kind of communication strategies are used, what messages are conveyed, and what kind of approach is used by the Sekata Foundation in terms of coaching drug addict patients. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data collection methods used are interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are collecting data, reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results showed that Sekata Foundation, in fostering drug addicts with the Therapeutic Community approach, uses a persuasive communication strategy. The purpose of this communication is to change attitudes, opinions, and behaviors. The communication strategies used tend to be effective in fostering drug addicts at Sekata Foundation in changing behavior, attitudes, and views.
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Timoera, Dwi Afrimetty, and Agus Martono. "EFEKTIVITAS REHABILITASI DAN POLA PEMBINAAN TERHADAP PECANDU NARKOTIKA DI BALAI BESAR REHABILITASI BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL INDONESIA LIDO BOGOR." Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi 16, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v16i1.1185.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to obtain empirical data, and reliable information about the effectiveness of rehabilitation and development patterns of the drug addict at the Center for Rehabilitation of the National Narcotics Agency Indonesia-Lido, Bogor. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The pattern of development in the institution more emphasis on behavior change, by conducting medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is divided into two major phases, namely the phase of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation phase. Medical rehabilitation includes detoxification and entry. While social rehabilitation phase includes primary phase and re-entry phase. Rehabilitation and development patterns are effective against drug addicts. This can be seen with the recovery rate of the resident and the resident's rate of return using drugs. But it is also influenced by many factors, both internal and external. Keywords: Rehabilitation, patteration, drug addicts.
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Islam, S. K. Nazrul, Kazi Jahangir Hossain, Mustafa Kamal, and Monira Ahsan. "Prevalence of HIV infection in the drug addicts of Bangladesh: drug habit, sexual practice and lifestyle." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 762–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/09564620360719813.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV infection in drug addicts and to address their drug habit, sexual life style and socioeconomic factors. This study was conducted among 505 male drug addicts comprising 250 intravenous drug users (IDUs) and 255 non-IDUs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen HIV antibody in the sera of drug addicts. Seropositivity was confirmed by line immunoassay method. Results showed 3.76% ( n =19) HIV-seroprevalence, of which 2.77% ( n =14) were IDUs and the rest (0.99%, n =5) were non-IDUs. Amongst the IDUs ( n =250) the seroprevalence rate was 5.6% ( n =14) and in the non-IDUs ( n =255), it was 1.96% ( n =5). The seropositive addicts used multiple drugs for long periods of time, the majority of them (63.2%, n =12) started addiction with cannabis but ended up with heroin. Unprotected sex (did not use condom), multiple sexual partnerships and sexually transmitted diseases were common among the seropositives. Prevalence of these behavioural and biological risk factors in drug addicts was responsible for their being HIV infected. Most of the HIV-positive addicts were literate young adults (84.2%), employed (73.7%) and married (63.2%). None of them were homosexual. This study reveals that HIV-seroprevalence in the drug addicts of Bangladesh is still at the embryonic stage, it has not yet reached the threshold level.
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Hasan, Md Rashidul, Parvez Hassan, and Md Abdul Jalil Miah. "Evaluation of some biochemical changes in the serum of phensedyl addicts of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh." Journal of Bio-Science 20 (January 13, 2014): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17656.

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Context: Abuse of the drug, Phensedyl like any other drug might exert adverse effects on vital organs of th e h u m an body like liver, kidney and heart. Objectives: To determine the effects of Phensedyl intake on the serum biochemical parameters of the addicts in order to access for damages of vital human organs like liver, kidney and heart. Materials and Methods: Study population consisted of 127 male Phensedyl addicts within the ages of 18–55 years of defined criteria from Gaibandha district, a Northern part of Bangladesh, during July 2009 to December 2011. Fifty (50) non-drug dependent healthy men of matched age, height, and socioeconomic status were included as controls from the same community. Biochemical parameters analyzed were – Serum creatinine, SGOT, SGPT and Lipid profiles (total serum cholesterol (TC), Serum triglyceride (TG), serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol determined by semiautomatic biochemistry analyzer using commercially available kits Results: Abuse of Phensedyl appears not to hamper the normal renal and liver function in most of the addicts even after 8 years of Phensedyl intake irrespective of age except in case of 4 abusers. Serum total cholesterol (TC) remained almost unchanged among the addicts abusing Phensedyl for less than 8 years. But very strikingly, addicts taking Phensedyl for more than 8 years had higher trends in serum cholesterol i.e. more than 200 ml/dl. Of the addict’s, 44.36% abusing Phensedyl for less than 8 years had normal triglyceride (TG) values whereas, in 45.66% addicts abusing the drug for more than 8 years had clinically very significantly elevated triglyceride levels, which was also found to be statistically very significant (p value =0.0001), indicating the risk of developing cardiac diseases. Of the total addicts 53.53% had low levels of HDL cholesterol, which is clinically and statistically found to be very significant (p value =0.002). Of the addict’s 43% taking the drug for less than 8 years had normal LDL levels but significantly elevated values were recorded in 34% of the abusers who had been taking the drug for more than 8 years. Conclusion: Long time (> 8 years) Phensedyl abusers are at the high risk of developing Brain stroke, Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) as there is the triad of: Elevated LDL cholesterol, Low HDL cholesterol and elevated Triglyceride. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17656 J. bio-sci. 20: 57-65, 2012
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Roma, Mudarris, and Desy Misnawati. "SELF EFFICACY MANTAN PECANDU NARKOBA YANG MENJADI POLISI MILITER ANGKATAN DARAT)." Jurnal Inovasi 16, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/ji.v16i1.2219.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss the self efficacy of former Drug addicts who becomeArmy Military Police. Narcotics is an abbreviation of Narcotics, Psychotropic and other addictivesubstances or by other names it is Drug. The cause of a person using Drugs has been widely studied.Starting from internal factors such as lack of self-confidence, low self efficacy, to efforts to escapefrom intra-personal conflicts, a kind of past trauma or life pressure. The theory used is the theoryof self efficacy and the theory of Hirearki Needs (Maslow Theory). This research is a descriptivequalitative research. Data collection is done by means of observation, interviews, and literaturestudies. Based on the results of an interview with an Army Military Police, it can be concluded that,before becoming an Army Military Police, he had used Narcotics because of the influence of thesocial environment and even dependence. His efforts to be free from Drug dependence byrehabilitation. The success of addicts to leave Drugs is greatly influenced by the level of Self Efficacyof a person can increase the success of the addict to leave the Drug
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Iredho Fani Reza, Annisa, Iffa Silfi Ulinnimah, Hilya Halimatus Saadah, Yunita Carolina, Sheva Semara Simatupang, Dwina Florensia, et al. "THE SPIRITUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DRUG ADDICTS." Journal of Islamic Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 1, no. 2 (April 10, 2023): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.61994/jipbs.v1i2.7.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the level of spirituality (religion) that exists in former drug users, by giving this spirituality it is hoped that they will be aware of the dangers of drugs and be able to get closer to God. This study uses qualitative methods with observation data analysis techniques and semi-structured interviews. Determination of purposively selected informants, namely foundation management, former drug addicts who are in the process of rehabilitation and assistants or counselors. Data collection by interview, observation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and we also found that the Ar-Rahman Drug Rehabilitation Center can be used as an alternative in spiritual and herbal (non-medical) rehabilitation of drug abuse. Spiritual rehabilitation uses a humanist and familial approach so that drug addict patients can be open, close and trust the counselor in the therapy process. The results and discussion are that former drug addicts at YPRN Ar Rahman Palembang have a low level of understanding of spirituality. In terms of the discussion with the religious teacher at YPRN Ar-Rahman, it was found that the client did not yet have the ability to understand spirituality, only limited to ritual formalities. This is further strengthened by the results of interviews we conducted with direct clients, that they actually believe in God, but do not fully believe in God.
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42

Saefudin, Yusuf, and Gamalel Rifqi Samhudi. "Mencegah Second Victimization Melalui Asesmen Terpadu bagi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Kabupaten Banyumas." Kosmik Hukum 21, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v21i3.12029.

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Cases of drugs abuse and illicit trafficking continue to rise along with the increasing number of addicts and abusers of narcotics. Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse are often in a dilemma between the perpetrator or victim. Assessment integrated can clarify their position. The problems studied in this research is about how the concept of assessment integrated into the case of criminal acts of narcotics and how the mechanism of placement of victims of abuse of narcotics into institutions of rehabilitation. This research is a juridical-sociological, designed using survey method, observation, interview and literature study. The Data obtained were collected and analyzed qualitatively with the model of descriptive-analytical. Based on the results of research, assessment integrated designed to distinguish between addicts and victims of narcotics abuse with a drug dealer/courier narcotics. Assessment integrated to produce recommendations that contain a description of the involvement of the suspect with a network of illicit narcotics, the level of dependence on narcotics and a plan of rehabilitation of addicts and victims of narcotics abuse. Of the 15 cases studied, there were 8 cases of drug abuse and only 1 of 8 such cases that boil down to rehabilitation. The assessment integrated a mechanism that is able to avoid the victims of the abuse of narcotics from the threat of imprisonment. Avoiding the victims of drug abuse from a criminal to prison is expected to break the chain of problems of drug abuse and illicit trafficking. It can be realized through a pattern of different handling between the addict/abuser with a drug dealer/courier narcoticsKeywords: Integrated Assessment, the Narcotics Crime, the Victims of Drug Abuse
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43

Saefudin, Yusuf, and Gamalel Rifqi Samhudi. "Mencegah Second Victimization Melalui Asesmen Terpadu bagi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Kabupaten Banyumas." Kosmik Hukum 21, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v21i3.12029.

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Cases of drugs abuse and illicit trafficking continue to rise along with the increasing number of addicts and abusers of narcotics. Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse are often in a dilemma between the perpetrator or victim. Assessment integrated can clarify their position. The problems studied in this research is about how the concept of assessment integrated into the case of criminal acts of narcotics and how the mechanism of placement of victims of abuse of narcotics into institutions of rehabilitation. This research is a juridical-sociological, designed using survey method, observation, interview and literature study. The Data obtained were collected and analyzed qualitatively with the model of descriptive-analytical. Based on the results of research, assessment integrated designed to distinguish between addicts and victims of narcotics abuse with a drug dealer/courier narcotics. Assessment integrated to produce recommendations that contain a description of the involvement of the suspect with a network of illicit narcotics, the level of dependence on narcotics and a plan of rehabilitation of addicts and victims of narcotics abuse. Of the 15 cases studied, there were 8 cases of drug abuse and only 1 of 8 such cases that boil down to rehabilitation. The assessment integrated a mechanism that is able to avoid the victims of the abuse of narcotics from the threat of imprisonment. Avoiding the victims of drug abuse from a criminal to prison is expected to break the chain of problems of drug abuse and illicit trafficking. It can be realized through a pattern of different handling between the addict/abuser with a drug dealer/courier narcoticsKeywords: Integrated Assessment, the Narcotics Crime, the Victims of Drug Abuse
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44

Greenhalgh, David. "Bounds on Endemic Disease Levels, Risks and Basic Reproductive Numbers in Heterogenous Models for HIV/AIDS Amongst Injecting Drug Users." Journal of Biological Systems 05, no. 02 (June 1997): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339097000126.

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In this paper we examine the effect of heterogenous mixing on the spread of HIV and AIDS amongst a population of injecting drug users. We consider heterogeneity in addicts' shooting gallery visiting rates, their syringe cleaning probabilities and their choice of shooting gallery. We discuss two models. In the first the size of the populations of the different groups of drug users are assumed to be constant whereas the second models recruitment of new drug users into the population and their attrition due to HIV and AIDS. We show that homogenous visiting and cleaning and completely random choice of needles minimises both the basic reproductive number Ro and the equilibrium probability that any given type of addict is exposed to HIV on any single visit. If in addition all addicts have the same preferences for different shooting galleries then homogenous mixing minimises the fraction of needles infected and the equilibrium probability that an addict arriving at a shooting gallery is infected. Simulations with realistic parameter values confirm these results and the importance of heterogeneity in the model. Our simulations indicate that it is possible for homogenous mixing to maximise the overall fraction of addicts infected.
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45

Abdelrehim, Marwa G., Refaat R. Sadek, Asmaa S. Mehany, and Eman S. Mohamed. "A Path Analysis Model Examining Factors Affecting the Caregiving Burden Experienced by the Family Caregivers of Drug Addicts in Egypt." Journal of Research in Health Sciences 22, no. 3 (October 19, 2022): e00554. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2022.89.

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Background: Although the caregiving burden experienced by the family caregivers of drug addicts is receiving increased attention, there is still a need to study the possible predictors of the care burden, especially with the increasing numbers of addicts in Egypt and the important role of family caregivers in the support and treatment of addicts. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted at Minia Hospital for Mental Health and Addiction Treatment, Egypt. Data was collected during interviews with addicts and their family caregivers. The caregiver burden was assessed using the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS). The path analysis was used to assess the interrelationships between the burden and characteristics of addicts and caregivers. Results: Based on the results, 96.7% of addicts were males, and their mean age was 28.8 ± 8.1 years, while their caregivers aged 39.7 ± 10.4 years and included 58.7% males. The caregivers reported a severe burden of care which was predicted by the addict’s drug-related problems (B = 0.25, P = 0.0003), financial hardship (B = 0.46, P < 0.0001), and the caregiver’s occupation (B = -0.16, P = 0.017). Financial hardship had an indirect association with the burden of care (B = 0.06, P = 0.041) mediated through drug-related problems score, which was predicted by the severity of dependence, admission for treatment, and the level of social support. Conclusion: The burden of caring for addicts depends on patient-related problems, as well as caregivers’ situations and income. Strategies to provide social support, financial aid, and problem-solving skills should be provided to the addicts and their caregivers as a part of treatment programs to help reduce the caregiving burden.
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46

Rudavka, S. I. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF DRUG ADDICTION IN UKRAINE AND IMPACT OF IT ON HEALTH OF HUMAN." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 22, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2018-22(4)-31.

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The main factor of the disease of the psyche and the entire human body, which leads to the degradation of the individual, to complete disability and premature death, is the use of drugs. The purpose of the work is to consider the state of drug addiction in Ukraine, impact of it on human health, to determine socio-economic losses from drug use and to outline measures to prevent and combat drug addiction. According to information sources, in Ukraine consumption of drugs are from 1 to 1.5 million people, their number annually increases by 8-10%. This trend is one of the highest in the world. About 1,000 people in the country every year die from drug addiction, and 120,000 people die from drug addiction and related illnesses. 74% of drug addicts do not work or study anywhere. Among drug addicted 2% - students of technical schools and vocational schools, 0.4% - students of higher educational institutions. 70% of drug addicts in Ukraine are young people aged over 25 years. 73% of drug users are urban residents. Drug addicted patients spent significant funds on the purchase drugs and drug addiction dispensaries of the country - on their examination and treatment. So, in order to prevent and prohibition the use drugs by citizens of Ukraine it is necessary in each administrative- territorial region of the country inform the population, especially young people, about the dangers of drug use, and for state authorities need to ensure prevented illicit circulation and distribution the drags in the country.
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47

Adiyanti, Maria Goretti, and Hasan Fahrur Rozi. "Inisiasi Ketangguhan Masyarakat dalam Mengatasi Adiksi NAPZA: Menelaah Program Rehabilitasi." Buletin Psikologi 27, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.45890.

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The problem of drug abuse and addiction cannot yet be resolved completely even though many addicts have done rehabilitation. This paper aims to analize intervention programs for drug addicts and propose alternative programs that emphasize psychological aspects. This paper begins by interpreting the implementation of the Drug Rehabilitation Center Practice and relaps after the addict completes rehabilitation. An understanding of addiction is needed to provide an understanding of the mental state of addicts and the process of change that must be experienced during the rehabilitation process. The recovery process through the Rehabilitation Institution will be discussed, especially in achieving "clean and sober" conditions. At the end of the article an alternative of psychological growth program is presented as a complementary program with the exsisting TC program. Psychological growth programs are expected to have a contribution to overcome psychological problems that until now have not been addressed
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48

Ilyas. "The Social Interaction Process of Former Drug Addicts in The Post-Rehabilitation Community." International Journal of Education and Humanities 3, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.58557/(ijeh).v3i1.143.

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Cases related to drug use continue to occur. Narcotics are often seen as a solution to the life problems faced by addicts. In fact, drugs will actually add new problems to life. Drug users for themselves are considered victims and therefore do not need to serve a prison term but must undergo a rehabilitation process. The problem is not over yet because after undergoing a period of rehabilitation, former drug addicts will face a society that considers them as the scum of the society so that they have the potential to experience discrimination, gossip and also expulsion. Therefore, it is important to see how the social interaction process of former drug addicts after completing the rehabilitation period. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research are former drug addicts who have undergone a rehabilitation period with five informants. The results showed that former drug addicts had a difficult time returning to society. The existence of shame, fear, and also stigma from society makes them need time to adapt. So, there needs to be support from family, friends, neighbours, and also their environment to provide social support so that they do not fall back into the influence of drugs. Society also needs to remove the negative stigma on drug addicts for themselves because drug users, dealers and dealers are different things
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49

Hapsari, Paundria Dwijo, Awallia Septiyana Putri, and Henzie Kerstan. "Legal Policy for Drug Users in Indonesia and the Netherlands." Journal of Creativity Student 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jcs.v7i1.36206.

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Indonesia does not allow the use of narcotics except for medical purposes. Drug use for medical purposes must be under supervision of doctor, regardless of the level of content in it. In contrast to Netherlands, which allows the use of Soft Drugs as regulated in Dutch Opium Act. In Netherlands itself, the use of marijuana and the purchase of marijuana can be done at a coffee shop that already has a permit. The legalization of certain types of drugs and for certain purposes exists because Netherlands wants to provide legal certainty for their people. Netherlands want drug trafficking not to be carried out by crime syndicates that will harm their people. In addition, Netherlands also provides adequate health facilities for drug addicts. Evidently, number of addicts, number of HIV infections due to injection needles, and deaths from drugs has decreased. This is what distinguishes drug policy in Indonesia and Netherlands. Indonesia prioritizes the Penal Policy, it can be seen from the punishment of drug users. While Netherlands prioritizes Non-penal Policy, it can be seen from the incessant drug control. What can Indonesia follow from the drug policy in Netherlands is the prevention of drugs with state control over drug trafficking accompanied by adequate health facilities. Indonesia should reduce the punishment of drug addicts. Criminalizing drug addicts will not solve the problems. In the case of drug abuse, addicts are also victims.
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Iswardani, Tri, Zahrasari Lukita Dewi, Winarini Wilman Mansoer, and Irwanto Irwanto. "Meaning-Making among Drug Addicts during Drug Addiction Recovery from the Perspective of the Meaning-Making Model." Psych 4, no. 3 (September 13, 2022): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych4030045.

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(1) Background: This study aimed to explore the dynamics of meaning-making among drug addicts during drug addiction recovery by using a case study approach. The participants were five male recovering addicts, aged 26 to 49 years, who had been abstinent for 4 to 17 years; (2) Methods: Data collection consisted of in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire, Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and recovery stage criteria based on the Developmental Model of Recovery (DMR). (3) Results: The results showed that meaning making was an ongoing process before and during the use of drugs and recovery. Drug use was a coping strategy to overcome distress caused by ACE, which was perceived as a stressful event and brought up an implicit meaning of ACE. This initial meaning played an essential role in initiating the dynamics of the subsequent meaning-making process. A similar mechanism using non-constructive adaptation processes other negative impacts of drug use. They created more distress and developed false-positive beliefs, which resulted in continued drug use. Symptoms of depression occur during drug use, which drags the addict to the lowest point in life (hitting rock bottom), and addicts perceive it as a turning point for seeking treatment and attaining recovery. In complete recovery, reappraising the meaning of the stressors experienced throughout life makes new constructive meaning. Creating a constructive meaning of earliest traumatic experiences played an important role in preventing relapse and ensuring the success of recovery from drug addiction.
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