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Academic literature on the topic 'Drug abuse surveys'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Drug abuse surveys"

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Melanson, Stacy E. F., Leland Baskin, Barbarajean Magnani, Tai C. Kwong, Annabel Dizon, and Alan H. B. Wu. "Interpretation and Utility of Drug of Abuse Immunoassays: Lessons From Laboratory Drug Testing Surveys." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/134.5.735.

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Abstract Context.—To assist with patient diagnosis and management, physicians from pain services, drug treatment programs, and the emergency department frequently request that urine be tested for drugs of abuse. However, urine immunoassays for drugs of abuse have limitations. Objective.—To use data from the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Surveys to determine and summarize the characteristics, performance, and limitations of urine immunoassays for drugs of abuse. Design.—Six years of urine drug testing proficiency surveys were reviewed. Results.—Lysergic acid diethylamide and methaqualone are infrequently prescribed or abused and, therefore, testing may be unnecessary. However, implementation of more specific testing for methylenedioxymethamphetamine and oxycodone may be warranted. Each drug of abuse immunoassay exhibits a different cross-reactivity profile. Depending on the cross-reactivity profile, patients with clinically insignificant concentrations of drugs may have false-positive results, and patients with clinically significant concentrations of drugs may have false-negative results. Conclusions.—Laboratory directors should be aware of the characteristics of their laboratories' assays and should communicate these characteristics to physicians so that qualitative results can be interpreted more accurately. Furthermore, manufacturer's claims should be interpreted with caution and should be verified in each organization's patient population, if possible.
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Rees, Terry D. "Oral Effects of Drug Abuse." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 3, no. 3 (April 1992): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411920030030101.

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Drug abuse is a major problem in the U.S. and most other countries of the world today. Many studies, surveys, and case reports have described the adverse social and medical effects of drug abuse; yet surprisingly little is known about the specific effects of many of these drugs in the oral cavity. This article reviews the current state of knowledge concerning the systemic and oral effects of drugs of abuse and the dental management of addicted patients.
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Krasowski, Matthew D., Gwendolyn A. McMillin, Stacy E. F. Melanson, Annabel Dizon, Barbarajean Magnani, and Christine L. H. Snozek. "Interpretation and Utility of Drug of Abuse Screening Immunoassays: Insights From Laboratory Drug Testing Proficiency Surveys." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 144, no. 2 (July 17, 2019): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0562-cp.

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Context.— Urine drug testing is frequently ordered by health care providers. Immunoassays are widely used for drug testing, yet have potential limitations, including variable cross-reactivity. The last decade has seen worsening of a prescription drug abuse epidemic. Objective.— To use data from a College of American Pathologists proficiency testing survey, Urine Drug Testing, Screening, to determine and summarize the characteristics, performance, and limitations of immunoassays. Design.— Seven years of proficiency surveys were reviewed (2011–2017). Results.— Rapid growth was seen in participant volumes for specific immunoassays for synthetic opioids (eg, buprenorphine, fentanyl, oxycodone) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”). Participant volumes remained high for immunoassays targeting less commonly abused drugs such as barbiturates and phencyclidine. For opiate immunoassays, the number of laboratories using a 2000 ng/mL positive cutoff remained stable, and an increasing number adopted a 100 ng/mL cutoff. Opiate and amphetamine immunoassays showed high variability in cross-reactivity for drugs other than the assay calibrator. Assays targeting a single drug or metabolite generally performed well on drug challenges. Conclusions.— Survey results indicate strong clinical interest in urine drug testing and some adoption of new assays. However, urine drug testing availability does not parallel prevailing patterns of drug prescribing and abuse patterns. In particular, specific immunoassays for synthetic opioids and a lower positive cutoff for opiate immunoassays may be underused, whereas immunoassays for barbiturates, methadone, propoxyphene, and phencyclidine may be overused. Laboratories are encouraged to review their test menu, cutoffs, and assay performance and adjust their test offerings based on clinical needs and technical capabilities.
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Bailey, Megan Linnea, Shelby Wasson, and Brilynn Roberts. "Increasing Awareness of Substance Abuse and Addictions: Does Early Childhood Drug Education Provide Diversion from Using Drugs and/or Alcohol?" IU Journal of Undergraduate Research 4, no. 1 (December 16, 2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/iujur.v4i1.24553.

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According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 70 percent of adolescents have experimented with alcohol, while 20 percent have experimented with prescription drugs before their senior year in high school. Alcohol and drug abuse has become a nationwide problem. A small rural community in southern Indiana reports that almost 12 percent of its population uses drugs daily. The authors hypothesize that current school-based alcohol and drug curriculums are not robust enough to divert risky behavior during adolescence. Surveys were administered to residents living in two separate transitional homes for people with addiction. The surveys consisted of questions regarding drug and alcohol abuse related to childhood education. The process was completed using a descriptive study. Participants in the study (n = 17) revealed valuable information confirming their rationales for substance abuse. Overwhelmingly, all participants agreed that drug education needs to be available in early childhood education. As substance abuse escalates, so must our efforts to research and understand the problem. The examination of current adolescent drug and alcohol prevention programs isessential to help promote program evaluation and in identifying potential education needs for our youth.
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Klingner, Donald, Gary Roberts, and Valerie L. Patterson. "The Miami Coalition Surveys of Employee Drug Use and Attitudes: A Five-Year Retrospective (1989–1993)." Public Personnel Management 27, no. 2 (June 1998): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700207.

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Employees of many businesses and government agencies in metropolitan Miami (Dade County, Florida) took five voluntary annual surveys (1989–1993) regarding their attitudes toward and use of drugs. The Workplace Drug Survey data indicated three positive conclusions about employee drug use and attitudes for Dade employees. Overall, reported illicit drug abuse rates are low when compared with national norms, and most employees know that their employer has a policy on alcohol and drug abuse. Employers also refer employees with drug or alcohol problems to an Employee Assistance Program (EAP). This demonstrates the effective information campaign conducted by the Miami Coalition. In addition, these results are likely to be representative of major Dade County employers, public and private.
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Newcomb, Michael D. "Prevalence of Alcohol and other Drug Use on the Job: Cause for Concern or Irrational Hysteria?" Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 3 (July 1994): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400303.

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There is widespread fear, concern, and apprehension regarding the problems associated with alcohol and other drug abuse in the workplace. Serious tragedies caused by drug use on the job, such as the Exxon Valdez, have created an hysteria that such behavior is common and that intoxicated employees are pervasive in the workforce. While there are few doubts that using drugs in the workplace may have serious consequences, the true extent of such behavior is poorly documented. Prevalence data for drug use on the job are found in three sources: perceptions of supervisors and employers; reports of such behavior from those in treatment for drug abuse; and general community or workforce surveys. The first two sources of data confirm the hysteria that drug abuse on the job is rampant and out of control. However, these estimates are biased and untrustworthy. In general population surveys, a wide range of estimates are found, although most report the prevalence of drug use on the job at 10% or less; being high on the job occurs more often, but regular use of drugs in the workplace is quite rare. Therefore, the general hysteria regarding the presumed pervasive abuse of drugs on the job is unfounded, although any abuse of drugs in the workplace by those in sensitive positions can have grave and deadly consequences.
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Shul’gina, Elena V. "The Current Substance Abuse Trends in Russia and the West." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 7, no. 4 (2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6811.

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This paper selects and analyzes the key trends of current substance abuse that are most widespread in western European countries, the USA, Canada, and Russia, while also reviewing their differences and similarities. Foreign case studies, along with the results of analyzing the most prominent trends of substance abuse, must be accounted for when designing the optimal and most efficient measures for impacting the current drug abuse situation and eliminating its negative consequences. This paper examines the motivations and factors that encourage substance abuse; the phenomenon of substance abuse normalization; and the problems with identifying modern drug addicts that may arise as they try to adapt their behavior. The paper is based on a secondary analysis of several surveys among the working-age population (2013, 2016, 2017), as well as a college youth survey, entitled “The Student Lifestyle: Behavior Risks” (Ivanovo, Krasnodar, Moscow, Rybinsk, Chita, Yaroslavl). All of the above studies were conducted by the deviant behavior sociology sector of the RAS Federal Sociology Research Center. In addition, we considered surveys of college students in the USA and students in higher education in Canada. The analysis shows that: the age of first drug use is shifting upwards, which signifies that people are consciously deciding to consume addictive substances as mature individuals; there is an emerging trend of people aged 50 and over being introduced to addictive substances; the most popular motivation for consuming such substances is hedonism, i.e. the desire for pleasure; the attitude towards substance abuse is growing more and more tolerant, as introduction to recreational psychoactive drugs is becoming a fact of life and drug use is being integrated into society; modern substance abuse patterns still remain largely latent. We also consider foreign researchers’ insights, which warrant attention as we analyze the situation regarding substance abuse in Russian society and work on an effective anti-drug and addiction prevention policy.
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Kabir, SM Humayun, Muhammad Abdul Kayum Shaikh, Masud Ahmed, Masuda Begum, Farzana Zafreen, and Atiqul Haq Mazumder. "Socio-demographic Characteristics of Drug Abusers Attending a De-addiction Center in Dhaka." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 14, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v14i2.45887.

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Introduction: Drug addiction is a social curse involving all classes of people for ages. Not only it increases individuals morbidity and mortality but also creates social unrest and reduces the national productivity frequent assessment surveys have provided insights into the pattern and required responses. Objectives: To assess the sociodemographic profile of drug addicts admitted in a prominent drugs deaddiction centre of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 158 admitted patients in Thikana Psychiatric/ Drug de-addiction clinic, from October 2014 to September 2015. A predesigned questionnaire used in evaluating the patients by two or more sittings face-to-face interviews. Results: Amongst 158 patients, 94.30% were male and 62.0% were in the age group of 21-30 years with a mean age of 26.46 + 6.168 years. Majority (60.8%) patients were married and 48.7% had education up to higher secondary level, 29.1% were unemployed and 27.2% students. About 36.7% were spending between 101- 500 Taka/day and 65.8% arrange money for drugs by themselves. The reason behind starting drug abuse was mainly peer pressure (49.4%) followed by curiosity (26.6%). The mean age of starting drug was 19.42 + 7.68 years and 68.35% were addicted to the drug for the period between 1-5 years. Only 4.4% had positive family history of drug abuse. Regarding route of drug abuse, ingestion was most popular (55.1%) and only 8.9% participants were using injectable route. Amongst abused drugs, Amphetamine (Yaba) was most popular among the female (77.7%) and students (21.5%). Conclusion: Drug abuse cripples the individual, the family, the society and finally the nation. Since younger generations most affected by the drug abuse, it is prudent to evolve and apply preventive, curative and rehabilitative strategies before it is too late. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 113-115
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White, PhD, Alan G., Joseph LeCates, PhD, Howard G. Birnbaum, PhD, Wendy Cheng, MPH, MPhil, Carl L. Roland, PharmD, MS, and Jack Mardekian, PhD. "Positive subjective measures in abuse liability studies and real-world nonmedical use: Potential impact of abuse-deterrent opioids on rates of nonmedical use and associated healthcare costs." Journal of Opioid Management 11, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2015.0269.

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Objective: To quantify the potential impact of reductions in positive subjective measures from human abuse liability studies on real-world rates of nonmedical use of prescription drugs and associated healthcare resource utilization and costs.Design: Positive subjective endpoints “overall drug liking,” in-the-moment “drug liking,” and “drug high” Emaxs (peak effects) were recorded from published studies. Nonmedical use data were obtained from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and Drug Abuse Warning Network surveys. Multivariate regressions evaluated the association between the positive subjective endpoints and nonmedical use rates, controlling for prescription volume, whether the drug is an opioid, and controlled substance schedule. A published budget-impact model was used to assess healthcare resource utilization and cost impacts of abuse-deterrent opioid formulations.Results: A five-point reduction in overall drug liking/drug liking/drug high Emax was associated with a 0.25/0.10/0.05 (standard errors: 0.11/0.12/0.07) percentage point decrease in the NSDUH lifetime nonmedical use rates. Those decreases yielded a 11.3/4.2/2.1 percent reduction compared to the samples’ lifetime nonmedical use rates of 2.21/2.38/2.36 percent. On the basis of a number of assumptions, these reductions were associated with private payer cost reductions for a morphine and oxycodone abuse-deterrent formulation in the ranges of $147.9-324.1 million and $230.7-958.7 million, respectively.Conclusions: Reductions in overall drug liking were significantly associated with reduced real-world nonmedical use, healthcare utilization, and costs. Associations using drug high and drug liking were directionally consistent with this finding though not statistically significant. A reduction in positive subjective measures associated with an abuse-deterrent formulation has potential to reduce abuse and associated healthcare utilization and costs.
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Cameron, Paul, Thomas Landess, and Kirk Cameron. "Homosexual Sex as Harmful as Drug Abuse, Prostitution, or Smoking." Psychological Reports 96, no. 3_suppl (June 2005): 915–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3c.915-961.

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In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court said same-sex sexual activity could not be prohibited by law. Analyzing data from the 1996 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse ( N = 12,381) and comparing those who engaged in four recreational activities—homosexual sex, illegal drug use, participation in prostitution, and smoking—against those who abstained, participants (1) were more frequently disruptive (e.g., more frequently criminal, drove under the influence of drugs or alcohol, used illegal drugs, took sexual risks), (2) were less frequently productive (e.g., less frequently had children in marriage, more frequently missed work), and (3) generated excessive costs (e.g., more promiscuous, higher consumers of medical services). Major sexuality surveys have reported similar findings for homosexuals. Societal discrimination inadequately accounts for these differences since parallel comparisons of black and white subsamples produced a pattern unlike the differences found between homosexuals and nonhomosexuals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drug abuse surveys"

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Chan, Kin-yi Ivy. "A study of determinants of relapse in psychotropic substance abuse /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470757.

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Yingling, Julie Smith. "The relationship between social bond and frequency of methamphetamine use." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1490085051&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Groebner, Jeffrey Michael. "Pathological gambling and substance abuse in the Las Vegas arrestee population." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1428559.

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Luxmoore, Coryndon Steven. "Psychosocial influences on cannabis use /." [St Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17337.pdf.

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McAloon, Thomas John Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Developmental trajectories into substance use in adolescence." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30391.

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The present study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal developmental characteristics of the association between mental health and substance use. N=1182 adolescents aged between 11 and 20 years were recruited from schools in Australia. Participants completed the Youth Self Report (YSR) (Achenbach, 1991a) and reported on their use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, their social ability, their motivation for using substances, their ability to regulate emotion, and the influences of their parents and peers on their substance use. N=561 of time one participants were retained for testing one year later to assess the potential to predict substance use at time two from mental health at time one. Results indicated a clear and consistent cross-sectional association between externalising scores on the YSR and use of the three substances, regardless of gender. The relation between internalising scores and substance use was non-significant. When the relation between externalising scores and substance use was assessed for mediation, only the influence of parents and peers was found to be significant. A cross-sectional structural model developed to account for this association was demonstrated to be invariant across the three substances of interest, and across gender, but not age category. There was no evidence that social skills, emotion regulation, or substance use motives, had roles in mediating the relationship between mental health and substance use. A model was developed to assess the potential to predict substance use at time two from externalising scores at time one. Results showed that externalising scores predicted increases in alcohol use via parent and peer attitudes. Thus, externalising disposition, in the context of a facilitative social environment, was predictive of an increase in alcohol use over time. Structural models developed to account for the predictive relation between externalising scores and use of cigarettes and marijuana proved unstable and could not be tested. Substance use at time one was not predictive of externalising scores at time two. The results of the present research are discussed in relation to their potential to inform the developmental substance use literature, and efforts directed against the development of substance use problems. Limitations of the present research are noted.
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Jacobsson, Ralph Olav. "A pre-test/post-test analysis of value, behavioral and spritual changes in drug treatment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1176.

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Leung, Wai-hing Frances. "An exploratory study of factors leading to alcohol dependence among treated heroin addicts /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13744707.

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Meletiadis, Ananias. "The deterrence effect of the implementation of the Department of Defense's drug prevention policy among military personnel." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FMeletiadis.pdf.

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Wong, Man-cheung Barton. "Case study of young drug abuser in Tsuen Wan." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128559.

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Dhar, Sohini. "Religiosity, Spirituality and Attendance at Religious Services among Recreational Drug Users: A Sub-Analysis of the Drugnet Survey." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/181.

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This study is a sub-analysis ofthe previously collected cross-sectional DRUGNET survey data. The sample included 1,178 current users of illicit drugs and 389 former users. This study was delimited to U.S. citizens, aged 18 years and older, who completed the DRUGNET survey (n =1,567). DRUGNET was a descriptive online survey of self - reported attitudes and behaviors among a group of adult, self - identified drug users (i.e., not drug abusers). The purpose of the sub-analysis was to explore the importance of religion, spirituality, and religious service attendance in the context of an otherwise normal healthy adult life. Moreover, it also looked into potential patterns of association between aspects of religiosity/spirituality and illicit drug use. The study explored if there was a relationship between the strength of a respondent's spiritual or religious beliefs and the patterns of their recreational drug use. A canonical correlation analysis was conducted using self-rated spirituality, self-rated religiosity, and attendance at services as variables on the left (entered in MANOVA as dependent variables) and self-reported use of six groups of drugs as variables on the right (entered in MANOV A as covariates). One significant function was found, which showed that attending religious services and importance of religion were negatively associated with the use of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and hallucinogens. That is, people who reported a higher level of religiosity and who attended religious services were less likely to use these psychoactive drugs.
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Books on the topic "Drug abuse surveys"

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N, Robins Lee, ed. Studying drug abuse. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1985.

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L, Flewelling Robert, United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies., and Research Triangle Institute, eds. National household survey on drug abuse: Race/ethnicity, socioecomonic status, and drug abuse, 1991. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, 1993.

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United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy., ed. Leading drug indicators. Washington, D.C: Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President, 1990.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Pakistan Regional Office. Drug use in Pakistan 2013. Islamabad: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Country Office Pakistan, 2014.

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Authority, Health Education, ed. Drug realities: A summary of the key findings of the 1996 National Drugs Campaign survey. London: Health Education Authority, 1999.

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Escola Paulista de Medicina. Departamento de Psicobiologia., Conselho Nacional de Saúde (Brazil), and Conselho Federal de Entorpecentes (Brazil), eds. Consumo de drogas psicotrópicas no Brasil, em 1987. Brasília: Centro de Documentação do Ministério da Saúde, 1989.

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New York (State). Division of Housing and Community Renewal. Anti-Drug Program., ed. Housing drug survey. Bronx, NY (One Fordham Plaza, Bronx 10458): The Program, 1990.

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Fetherston, James. WA drug trends 2003: Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS). [Sydney]: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2004.

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Bruno, Raimondo. Tasmanian drug trends 2003: Findings from the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS). [Sydney, N.S.W]: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2004.

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Liffring, Bob. The 1991 Montana drug survey. Helena: Montana Board of Crime Control, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drug abuse surveys"

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Häkkinen, Annika, Johanna Viitanen, Kaisa Savolainen, Ville-Matti Mäkinen, Mia Siven, Tinja Lääveri, and Hanna M. Tolonen. "Closing the Loop for Controlled Substances Surveillance: A Field Study of the Usability and User Experience of an Integrated Electronic Narcotic Consumption." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 93–109. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59080-1_7.

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AbstractThe distribution and handling of controlled substances (CSs), i.e., narcotics, is strictly regulated to decrease the risk of abuse and drug diversion. In Finland, hospital pharmacies are mandated to keep records of CS distribution and consumption in healthcare through a labor-intensive paper-based process. After implementing a new electronic health record (EHR) system, a large university hospital started to streamline the process by transferring the CS documentation process from paper to digital format. Although the benefits of digital archiving, surveillance, and consumption monitoring are self-evident from the hospital pharmacy’s perspective the advantages at wards remain less explored. Therefore, our goal was to explore the usability and user experience (UX) of the recently implemented electronic narcotic consumption card (eNCC) solution built into the EHR system, and the related workflows of nurses, pharmacists, and physicians. The field study consisted of two parts and was conducted using observation, interviews, and survey methods in two wards. Our findings suggest that the digitalized process enables reliable real-time documentation of CSs and improves process efficiency, particularly for oral tablets and capsules. Considering diverse end-users’ perspectives is crucial when assessing the practical benefits of newly implemented digital solutions targeted at several healthcare professional groups. This approach enables a broader understanding of UX; supports development efforts, including usability improvements; and facilitates broader implementation. More research is needed to analyze the long-term impacts of the digital CSs’ consumption documentation workflow and surveillance at different healthcare units.
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Comer, Sandra D., and Judy B. Ashworth. "The Growth of Prescription Opioid Abuse." In Pain and Chemical Dependency, 19–23. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195300550.003.0004.

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Abstract Data from various sources suggest that the abuse of prescription opioids has risen dramatically in the United States since the mid-1990s. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), previously known as the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, is one such source that surveys the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the United States aged 12 years or older and is designed to determine national estimates of rates of use, numbers of users, and other measures related to illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco products. As depicted in Figure 4.1, this survey revealed that the initiation of the nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers has quadrupled, from an incidence of 573,000 in 1990 to an astounding 2.5 million in 2002 (SAMHSA, 2004a). Taken in the larger context of substance abuse, the estimated number of new initiates in 2004 to nonmedical use of pain relievers (2.4 million) exceeded even that of illicit drugs such as marijuana (2.1 million) and cocaine (1 million; SAMHSA, 2005a).
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Cottler, Linda B., and Chukwuemeka N. Okafor. "Recent Epidemiological Trends in Marijuana Use." In Contemporary Health Issues on Marijuana, 14–38. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190263072.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a description of recent epidemiologic trends in marijuana use among U.S. adolescents and adults. Data from large national surveys conducted in the United States on rates of marijuana use have documented various trends in marijuana use. Specifically, the chapter discusses results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Monitoring the Future, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, and the National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulant Study. These surveys show that the prevalence of marijuana use has increased for some subgroups in recent years, but rates of cannabis abuse or dependence among adolescents and adults examined have remained relatively steady.
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Dryfoos, Joy G. "Prevalence of Substance Abuse." In Adolescents at Risk. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072686.003.0007.

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Quantifying the number of young people who are high risk because of substance abuse is complicated by the ambiguity of existing definitions and the absence of ideal data. Among other definitional problems, the term substance abuse covers a multitude of “sins”—smoking, drinking, use of marijuana, and use of a whole range of drugs from over-the-counter diet pills to illicit heroin and cocaine. In recent years, chewing smokeless tobacco and wine coolers have been added to the menu. To add to the confusion, the substance abuse field has not produced an adequate response to the question: Who is at risk of long-term consequences? In the teen pregnancy field, the problem is generally defined using the outcome to be prevented, early childbearing (see Chapter 5). Teen fertility is quantifiable, measured from official statistics (Vital Statistics), and the characteristics of those at risk can be determined by studying the outcome date. In the delinquency field, there are official arrest figures. In the education field, school records and selfreports can be used to define low achievers and dropouts. In the substance abuse field, research suggests that there are important differences between occasional users and those who ever tried these substances (but are not abstainers), and the subset who become heavy users. It is the subset of heavy users who should be the prime targets of interventions, and yet it appears that most prevention is aimed at the larger group. The task of defining risk groups for substance-abuse prevention programs would be facilitated if one could turn to a data set that had all the requisite parts: a large random sample of 10- to 17-year-olds, followed longitudinally, and rich in detail about precursors and the social environment. From such a resource, we could better understand the antecedents of drug and alcohol use, current use patterns by different subgroups of the population, and the consequences that followed from that use. A number of researchers have produced important work on what they describe as the etiology or the causes of substance abuse, others have focused on the consequences, and many surveys have been conducted to track prevalence patterns.
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Cheng, Thomas K. "Excessive Pricing for Pharmaceuticals." In The Patent-Competition Interface in Developing Countries, 282–382. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857354.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on the phenomenon of exorbitant drug prices in developing countries and surveys the different means afforded by the TRIPS Agreement to tackle the problem. It reaches the conclusion that none of the mechanisms provided by the TRIPS Agreement is satisfactory and competition law hence has a limited, but important, role to play in regulating excessive drug prices, especially in instances of a sudden and substantial price hike and of reverse price discrimination under which the same drug is more expensive, often much more so, in developing than in developed countries. The chapter thus proposes that developing countries resort to excessive pricing enforcement to tackle the most egregious instances of excessive drug prices. The proposal is surely not the widespread use of excessive pricing regulation as a general price control tool. It is important to be mindful of the limitations of excessive pricing enforcement and not to overuse or abuse it. The chapter then addresses some of the strongest objections to excessive pricing enforcement in general and in the context of excessive drug prices in developing countries in particular.
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Voronitsyn, Sergei. "Drug Abuse." In Soviet—East European Survey, 1986–1987, 82–86. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429307195-13.

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Wells, Kathryn M. "Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment." In Understanding the Medical Diagnosis of Child Maltreatment, 179–89. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195172171.003.0013.

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Abstract Substance abuse and child maltreatment are intricately related, putting children from families where substance abuse is present at risk for abuse and neglect. Parental addiction to alcohol, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and other drugs has led to one of the more complex and devastating problems in the field of child welfare. Data from the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) reveal that an estimated 8.3 million children, 11% of all children in the United States, live with at least one parent who is in need of substance abuse treatment (Huang, Cerbone, & Gfroerer, 1998). Substance abuse includes the abuse of legal drugs (alcohol, prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs) as well as illegal drugs (cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamines). Many substance abusers are also polysubstance users and the abuse of legal substances may be as detrimental to parental functioning as abuse of illicit substances.
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Crandall, Russell. "Reagan’s War." In Drugs and Thugs, 153–72. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300240344.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses how the U.S. nation witnessed a second heroin epidemic in the second half of the 1970s that terrified politicians and tore open the social fabric of inner cities across America. It mentions the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse that began using a new metric in the early 1970s that included a question about drug use in the “last month.” It also recounts how cocaine that was supplied by enterprising and ruthless Colombian traffickers came to grip America like no other drug before it, referencing magazines like Newsweek that characterized cocaine as the status symbol of the American middle-class pothead. The chapter talks about how Ronald Reagan, who took the further step of establishing a new agency, the Drug Abuse Policy Office, which became the White House's Office of National Drug Control Policy. It explains Operation Pipeline, which escalated “pretextual traffic stops” and “consent searches” to leverage consent to search for drugs.
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Patel, Jayendra K. "Drugs of abuse." In A worldwide yearly survey of new data in adverse drug reactions and interactions, 33–44. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-59499-0.00004-0.

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Patel, Jayendra K. "Drugs of abuse." In A worldwide yearly survey of new data in adverse drug reactions and interactions, 55–74. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-62635-6.00004-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drug abuse surveys"

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Alkhudhairy, Miaad K., Sarah A. Al-Tufaili, Alzahraa A. Al-Qazzaz, and Muhammad M. Al-Mosauy. "A survey study on drug abuse among young people in Al-Najaf governorate, Iraq." In TRANSPORT, ECOLOGY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: EKO VARNA 2023. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0191846.

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Kelly, Lourah, Nicholas Livingston, Tess Drazdowski, and Kristyn Zajac. "Gender and Age Differences in Comorbid Cannabis Use Disorders and Suicidality in a National Sample." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.28.

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Approximately 40 million adults use marijuana annually, making marijuana one of the most commonly used substances in the United States (SAMHSA, 2019). Men and emerging adults (ages 18-25) report higher prevalence of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) relative to women and older adults (CBHSQ, 2015; Khan et al., 2013). More frequent marijuana use is associated with greater likelihood of suicidal ideation (Ilgen et al., 2009), and past year use in emerging adults is associated with future suicide attempts (Pedersen, 2008). Similar to correlates of marijuana use, emerging adults and men have higher rates of suicidality (SAMHSA, 2019; Krug et al., 2002). Limited research has tested gender and age differences in comorbid CUDs and suicidality. The current study evaluated gender and age differences in CUDs only, suicidality only, or comorbid CUDs and suicidality in a national sample of adults. We hypothesized that men and emerging adults would be over-represented in comorbid CUDs and suicidality and CUDs only groups. Data were from four consecutive years (2015-2018) of the National Survey of Drug Use and Heath. Multinomial logistic regressions tested gender and age differences in adults with DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence (CUDs) only, suicidality only, and comorbid CUDs and suicidality, all compared to adults with neither CUDs or suicidality. Four separate regressions were conducted for passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts. Gender was coded as male or female. Age groups were 18–25, 26–34, 35–49, and 50 years or older. Analyses controlled for survey year, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, household income, past year major depressive episode, past year DSM-IV alcohol abuse or dependence, and past year illicit drug abuse or dependence other than CUDs. Men disproportionately reported CUDs only (ORs=1.73-2.19, p<.001) and comorbid CUDs and passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, and suicide planning (ORs=1.72-2.12, p<.01), but not attempts (OR=1.16, p=.45) relative to women. Men reported 22% higher odds of active suicidal ideation than women. Women reported 15% higher odds of suicide attempts than men. Gender differences in passive suicidal ideation and planning were not statistically significant. Compared to older age groups, emerging adults were significantly more likely to report CUDs only (ORs=1.74-10.49, p’s<.01) and showed 2.36 to 14.24 times greater odds of comorbid CUDs and all four forms of suicidality (p<.001). Emerging adults were at 18% to 66% higher odds of either passive or active suicidal ideation alone compared to all older age groups (p’s<.001). This study investigated the relations between CUDs, suicidality, gender, and age in a nationally representative sample of adults. Results indicated that men and emerging adults consistently reported the highest likelihood of negative outcomes. Next steps include determining the direction of the relationship between CUDs and increasing severity of suicidality. Further, development and investment in programs for emerging adults with CUDs and suicidality are vitally important given the striking risk profile compared to other age groups. Future research should include program development and evaluation as well as gathering more information on risk and protective factors for these populations.
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de Oliveira, F. M., M. de S. Balbino, L. E. Zárate, and C. N. Nobre. "What is the Profile of American Inmate Misconduct Perpetrators? A Machine Learning Analysis." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2022.227777.

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Correctional institutions often develop rehabilitation programs to reduce the likelihood of inmates committing internal offenses and criminal recidivism after release. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the profile of each offender, both for the appropriate indication of a rehabilitation program and the level of internal security to which he must be submitted. In this context, this work aims to discover, from Machine Learning methods and the SHAP approach, which are the most significant characteristics in the prediction of misconduct by prisoners. For this, a database produced in 2004 through the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities in the United States of America, which provides nationally representative data on prisoners in state and federal facilities, was used. The predictive model based on Random Forest had the best performance; therefore, SHAP was applied to it to interpret the results. In addition, the attributes related to the type of crime committed, age at first arrest, drug use, mental or emotional health problems, having children, and being abused before arrest are more relevant in predicting internal misconduct. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the prior classification of an inmate, on time, use of programs and practices that aim to improve the lives of offenders, their reintegration into society, and, consequently, the reduction of criminal recidivism.
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Chentsova, Victoria, Adrian Bravo, and Emily Norton. "From Adverse Childhood Experiences to Problematic Marijuana Use: Examining the Role of Distress Tolerance and Coping Motives on Negative Marijuana Use Consequences." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.13.

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Background: Problematic marijuana use is highly prevalent globally, particularly in young adults, with marijuana use disorder affecting 5.8%, or 2.0 million, of young adults (ages 18 – 25) in the United States alone (SAMHSA, 2020). Previous research has reported a significant association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and later marijuana use (Scheidell et al., 2018). Though existing research reports an association between exposure to ACEs and marijuana use outcomes, the underlying mechanisms that could explain these associations are unclear. In previous research, general drug use coping motives have been shown to significantly mediate the relationship between childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and later drug use problems (Hogarth et al., 2019). Other research has suggested that the factors like distress tolerance, typically negatively associated with childhood trauma (Robinson et al., 2021) and maladaptive coping strategies (Zvolensky et al., 2010), can also play a role in specifically predicting future problematic marijuana use (Buckner et al., 2018). Objective: The present study aimed to probe this relationship by exploring the associations between ACEs, distress tolerance, marijuana use coping motives, and negative marijuana-related consequences. Specifically, we hypothesized that greater experiences of ACEs would relate to more negative marijuana-related consequences via lower distress tolerance and higher coping motives. Method: Participants were 752 marijuana-using (i.e., used marijuana in the past month) U.S. college students (66.0% female) who completed an online survey including measures of basic marijuana use patterns, marijuana use consequences (Brief Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (MACQ); Simons et al., 2012), marijuana use motivations (Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (MMQ); Simons et al., 1998), ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ); WHO, 2018), and distress tolerance (Distress Tolerance Scale, Simons et al., 2005). To address study aims, path analysis was performed within the whole sample to test the serial unique associations between ACEs → distress tolerance → using marijuana to cope → negative marijuana-related consequences. Results: Within our analytic sample, we found that only marijuana coping motives uniquely indirectly influenced the relationship between ACEs and negative marijuana-related consequences (indirect β = .079, 99% CIs = .042, .121). Distress tolerance did not significantly uniquely indirectly influence the relationship between ACEs and negative marijuana-related consequences. However, a significant double-mediation effect was found illustrating that a higher endorsement of ACEs was associated with lower distress tolerance, which in turn was associated with higher using marijuana to cope motives, which in turn was associated with more negative marijuana-related consequences (indirect β = .011, 99% CIs = .002, .026). Conclusions: These findings provide support for the relevance of distress tolerance and coping motives as potential factors in linking ACEs to problematic marijuana use among college students. Our preliminary findings encourage further exploration of these associations in longitudinal or experimental studies. Further these results lend support to the therapeutic targeting of distress tolerance and using marijuana to cope to mitigate harms stemming from ACEs and its impact on problematic marijuana use.
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Reports on the topic "Drug abuse surveys"

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Farrelly, Matthew, Jeremy Bray, Gary Zarkin, Brett Wendling, and Rosalie Liccardo Pacula. The Effects of Prices and Policies on the Demand for Marijuana: Evidence from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6940.

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Mark, Tami L., William N. Dowd, and Carol L. Council. Tracking the Quality of Addiction Treatment Over Time and Across States: Using the Federal Government’s “Signs” of Higher Quality. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0040.2007.

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The objective of this study was to track trends in the signs of higher-quality addiction treatment as defined by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Addiction, and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. We analyzed the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services from 2007 through 2017 to determine the percent of facilities having the characteristics of higher quality. We analyzed the percent by state and over time. • We found improvements between 2007 and 2017 on most measures, but performance on several measures remained low. • Most programs reported providing evidence-based behavioral therapies. • Half or fewer facilities offered medications for opioid use disorder; mental health assessments; testing for hepatitis C, HIV, and sexually transmitted diseases; self-help groups; employment assistance; and transportation assistance. • There was significant state-level variation across the measures.
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