Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drop size distribution / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Drop size distribution'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Drop size distribution.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Drop size distribution.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Sarkar, R., B. K. Chatterjee, B. Roy, and S. C. Roy. "Size distribution of drops in superheated drop detectors." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 71, no. 3-4 (October 2004): 735–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.083.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Marshak, Alexander, Yuri Knyazikhin, Michael L. Larsen, and Warren J. Wiscombe. "Small-Scale Drop-Size Variability: Empirical Models for Drop-Size-Dependent Clustering in Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3371.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract By analyzing aircraft measurements of individual drop sizes in clouds, it has been shown in a companion paper that the probability of finding a drop of radius r at a linear scale l decreases as lD(r), where 0 ≤ D(r) ≤ 1. This paper shows striking examples of the spatial distribution of large cloud drops using models that simulate the observed power laws. In contrast to currently used models that assume homogeneity and a Poisson distribution of cloud drops, these models illustrate strong drop clustering, especially with larger drops. The degree of clustering is determined by the observed exponents D(r). The strong clustering of large drops arises naturally from the observed power-law statistics. This clustering has vital consequences for rain physics, including how fast rain can form. For radiative transfer theory, clustering of large drops enhances their impact on the cloud optical path. The clustering phenomenon also helps explain why remotely sensed cloud drop size is generally larger than that measured in situ.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Maciel, Leandro R., and Mauro S. Assis. "Tropical rainfall drop-size distribution." International Journal of Satellite Communications 8, no. 3 (May 1990): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sat.4600080310.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Niu, Shengjie, Xingcan Jia, Jianren Sang, Xiaoli Liu, Chunsong Lu, and Yangang Liu. "Distributions of Raindrop Sizes and Fall Velocities in a Semiarid Plateau Climate: Convective versus Stratiform Rains." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 49, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 632–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jamc2208.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Joint size and fall velocity distributions of raindrops were measured with a Particle Size and Velocity (PARSIVEL) precipitation particle disdrometer in a field experiment conducted during July and August 2007 at a semiarid continental site located in Guyuan, Ningxia Province, China (36°N, 106°16′E). Data from both stratiform and convective clouds are analyzed. Comparison of the observed raindrop size distributions shows that the increase of convective rain rates arises from the increases of both drop concentration and drop diameter while the increase of the rain rate in the stratiform clouds is mainly due to the increase of median and large drop concentration. Another striking contrast between the stratiform and convective rains is that the size distributions from the stratiform (convective) rains tend to narrow (broaden) with increasing rain rates. Statistical analysis of the distribution pattern shows that the observed size distributions from both rain types can be well described by the gamma distribution. Examination of the raindrop fall velocity reveals that the difference in air density leads to a systematic change in the drop fall velocity while organized air motions (updrafts and downdrafts), turbulence, drop breakup, and coalescence likely cause the large spread of drop fall velocity, along with additional systematic deviation from terminal velocity at certain raindrop diameters. Small (large) drops tend to have superterminal (subterminal) velocities statistically, with the positive deviation from the terminal velocity of small drops being much larger than the negative deviation of large drops.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Tokay, Ali, Walter A. Petersen, Patrick Gatlin, and Matthew Wingo. "Comparison of Raindrop Size Distribution Measurements by Collocated Disdrometers." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1672–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00163.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract An impact-type Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD), a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD), and a laser optical OTT Particle Size and Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer (PD) were used to measure the raindrop size distribution (DSD) over a 6-month period in Huntsville, Alabama. Comparisons indicate event rain totals for all three disdrometers that were in reasonable agreement with a reference rain gauge. In a relative sense, hourly composite DSDs revealed that the JWD was more sensitive to small drops (<1 mm), while the PD appeared to severely underestimate small drops less than 0.76 mm in diameter. The JWD and 2DVD measured comparable number concentrations of midsize drops (1–3 mm) and large drops (3–5 mm), while the PD tended to measure relatively higher drop concentrations at sizes larger than 2.44 mm in diameter. This concentration disparity tended to occur when hourly rain rates and drop counts exceeded 2.5 mm h−1 and 400 min−1, respectively. Based on interactions with the PD manufacturer, the partially inhomogeneous laser beam is considered the cause of the PD drop count overestimation. PD drop fall speeds followed the expected terminal fall speed relationship quite well, while the 2DVD occasionally measured slower drops for diameters larger than 2.4 mm, coinciding with events where wind speeds were greater than 4 m s−1. The underestimation of small drops by the PD had a pronounced effect on the intercept and shape of parameters of gamma-fitted DSDs, while the overestimation of midsize and larger drops resulted in higher mean values for PD integral rain parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Tokay, Ali, Paul G. Bashor, Emad Habib, and Takis Kasparis. "Raindrop Size Distribution Measurements in Tropical Cyclones." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 1669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2122.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Characteristics of the raindrop size distribution in seven tropical cyclones have been studied through impact-type disdrometer measurements at three different sites during the 2004–06 Atlantic hurricane seasons. One of the cyclones has been observed at two different sites. High concentrations of small and/or midsize drops were observed in the presence or absence of large drops. Even in the presence of large drops, the maximum drop diameter rarely exceeded 4 mm. These characteristics of raindrop size distribution were observed in all stages of tropical cyclones, unless the storm was in the extratropical stage where the tropical cyclone and a midlatitude frontal system had merged. The presence of relatively high concentrations of large drops in extratropical cyclones resembled the size distribution in continental thunderstorms. The integral rain parameters of drop concentration, liquid water content, and rain rate at fixed reflectivity were therefore lower in extratropical cyclones than in tropical cyclones. In tropical cyclones, at a disdrometer-calculated reflectivity of 40 dBZ, the number concentration was 700 ± 100 drops m−3, while the liquid water content and rain rate were 0.90 ± 0.05 g m−3 and 18.5 ± 0.5 mm h−1, respectively. The mean mass diameter, on the other hand, was 1.67 ± 0.3 mm. The comparison of raindrop size distributions between Atlantic tropical cyclones and storms that occurred in the central tropical Pacific island of Roi-Namur revealed that the number density is slightly shifted toward smaller drops, resulting in higher-integral rain parameters and lower mean mass and maximum drop diameters at the latter site. Considering parameterization of the raindrop size distribution in tropical cyclones, characteristics of the normalized gamma distribution parameters were examined with respect to reflectivity. The mean mass diameter increased rapidly with reflectivity, while the normalized intercept parameter had an increasing trend with reflectivity. The shape parameter, on the other hand, decreased in a reflectivity range from 10 to 20 dBZ and remained steady at higher reflectivities. Considering the repeatability of the characteristics of the raindrop size distribution, a second impact disdrometer that was located 5.3 km away from the primary site in Wallops Island, Virginia, had similar size spectra in selected tropical cyclones.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

KIKUTA, Makoto, and Kazushige MIYAKE. "Drop Size Distribution of Atomized Paint." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 60, no. 10 (1987): 536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.60.536.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

M. E. Teske, H. W. Thistle, A. J. Hewitt, I. W. Kirk, R. W. Dexter, and J. H. Ghent. "ROTARY ATOMIZER DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION DATABASE." Transactions of the ASAE 48, no. 3 (2005): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18496.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Emersic, C., and P. J. Connolly. "The breakup of levitating water drops observed with a high speed camera." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 19 (October 11, 2011): 10205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10205-2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Collision-induced water drop breakup in a vertical wind tunnel was observed using a high speed camera for interactions between larger drop sizes (up to 7 mm diameter) than have previously been experimentally observed. Three distinct collisional breakup types were observed and the drop size distributions from each were analysed for comparison with predictions of fragment distributions from larger drops by two sets of established breakup parameterisations. The observations showed some similarities with both parameterisations but also some marked differences for the breakup types that could be compared, particularly for fragments 1 mm and smaller. Modifications to the parameterisations are suggested and examined. Presented is also currently the largest dataset of bag breakup distributions observed. Differences between this and other experimental research studies and modelling parameterisations, and the associated implications for interpreting results are discussed. Additionally, the stochastic coalescence and breakup equation was solved computationally using a breakup parameterisation, and the evolving drop-size distribution for a range of initial conditions was examined. Initial cloud liquid water content was found to have the greatest influence on the resulting distribution, whereas initial drop number was found to have relatively little influence. This may have implications when considering the effect of aerosol on cloud evolution, raindrop formation and resulting drop size distributions. Calculations presented show that, using an ideal initial cloud drop-size distribution, ~1–3% of the total fragments are contributed from collisional breakup between drops of 4 and 6 mm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Prat, Olivier P., Ana P. Barros, and Firat Y. Testik. "On the Influence of Raindrop Collision Outcomes on Equilibrium Drop Size Distributions." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 1534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0192.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a new parameterization of drop–drop collision outcomes based on the relationship between Weber number and drop diameter ratios on the dynamical simulation of raindrop size distributions. Results of the simulations with the new parameterization are compared with those of the classical parameterizations. Comparison with previous results indicates on average an increase of 70% in the drop number concentration and a 15% decrease in rain intensity for the equilibrium drop size distribution (DSD). Furthermore, the drop bounce process is parameterized as a function of drop size based on laboratory experiments for the first time in a microphysical model. Numerical results indicate that drop bounce has a strong influence on the equilibrium DSD, in particular for very small drops (<0.5 mm), leading to an increase of up to 150% in the small drop number concentration (left-hand side of the DSD) when compared to previous modeling results without accounting for bounce effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Gholam Samani, M., A. Haghighi Asl, J. Safdari, and M. Torab-Mostaedi. "Drop size distribution and mean drop size in a pulsed packed extraction column." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 90, no. 12 (December 2012): 2148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2012.06.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Jameson, A. R., M. L. Larsen, and A. B. Kostinski. "On the Variability of Drop Size Distributions over Areas." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 4 (March 31, 2015): 1386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0258.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Past studies of the variability of drop size distributions (DSDs) have used moments of the distribution such as the mass-weighted mean drop size as proxies for the entire size distribution. In this study, however, the authors separate the total number of drops Nt from the DSD leaving the probability size distributions (PSDs); that is, DSD = Nt × PSD. The variability of the PSDs are then considered using the frequencies of size [P(D)] values at each different drop diameter P(PD | D) over an ensemble of observations collected using a network of 21 optical disdrometers. The relative dispersions RD of P(PD | D) over all the drop diameters are used as a measure of PSD variability. An intrinsic PSD is defined as an average over one or more instruments excluding zero drop counts. It is found that variability associated with an intrinsic PSD fails to characterize its true variability over an area. It is also shown that this variability is not due to sampling limitations but rather originates for physical reasons. Furthermore, this variability increases with the expansion of the network size and with increasing drop diameter. A physical explanation is that the network acts to integrate the Fourier transform of the spatial correlation function from smaller toward larger wavelengths as the network size increases so that the contributions to the variance by all spatial wavelengths being sampled also increases. Consequently, RD and, hence, PSD variability will increase as the size of the area increases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Stamatoudis, Michael, and Christina Apostolidou. "On the Drop Size Distribution Functions and Drop Size Relationships in Stabilized Agitated Dispersions." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 39, no. 10 (2006): 1035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.39.1035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ok, Taejun, Shinichi Ookawara, Shiro Yoshikawa, and Kohei Ogawa. "Drop Size Distribution in Liquid-Liquid Mixing." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 36, no. 8 (2003): 940–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.36.940.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Al-;Hemiri, A. A., and A. Kareem. "Drop size distribution in a graesser contactor." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 68, no. 4 (August 1990): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450680406.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Yano, Jun-Ichi, Andrew J. Heymsfield, and Vaughan T. J. Phillips. "Size Distributions of Hydrometeors: Analysis with the Maximum Entropy Principle." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 1 (December 11, 2015): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0097.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper proposes that the maximum entropy principle can be used for determining the drop size distribution of hydrometeors. The maximum entropy principle can be applied to any physical systems with many degrees of freedom in order to determine a distribution of a variable when the following are known: 1) the restriction variable that leads to a homogeneous distribution without constraint and 2) a set of integrals weighted by the distribution, such as mean and variance, that constrain the system. The principle simply seeks a distribution that gives the maximum possible number of partitions among all the possible states. A continuous limit can be taken by assuming a constant bin size for the restriction variable. This paper suggests that the drop mass is the most likely restriction variable, and the laws of conservation of total bulk mass and of total vertical drop mass flux are two of the most likely physical constraints to a hydrometeor drop size distribution. Under this consideration, the distribution is most likely constrained by the total bulk mass when an ensemble of drops under the coalescence–breakup process is confined inside a closed box. Alternatively, for an artificial rain produced from the top of a high ceiling under a constant mass flux of water fall, the total drop mass flux is the most likely constraint to the drop size distribution. Preliminary analysis of already-published data is not inconsistent with the above hypotheses, although the results are rather inconclusive. Data in the large drop size limit are required in order to reach a more definite conclusion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

VILLERMAUX, E., and B. BOSSA. "Drop fragmentation on impact." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 668 (January 26, 2011): 412–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211201000474x.

Full text

Abstract:

We address the sequence of events accompanying the transition from an initially compact volume of liquid – a drop – into dispersed fragments when it impacts a solid surface. We describe the change of topology of the drop to a radially expanding sheet and discuss the reasons of its rim destabilization, responsible for the emergence of radial ligaments which ultimately fragment into smaller drops. The dynamics ruling the radius of the sheet, its stability and the resulting fragment drop size distribution are documented experimentally. The radius dynamics results from a simple balance between inertia of the initial drop and capillary restoring forces at the rim, with damping due to the continuous transfer of momentum from the sheet to the rim. The ligaments expelled from the rim originate from a Rayleigh–Taylor mechanism localized at the rim. The final drop size distribution in the spray is shown to be a linear superposition of gamma distributions characteristic of ligament breakup, leading generically to Bessel functions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Dolan, B., B. Fuchs, S. A. Rutledge, E. A. Barnes, and E. J. Thompson. "Primary Modes of Global Drop Size Distributions." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 5 (May 2018): 1453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0242.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Understanding drop size distribution (DSD) variability has important implications for remote sensing and numerical modeling applications. Twelve disdrometer datasets across three latitude bands are analyzed in this study, spanning a broad range of precipitation regimes: light rain, orographic, deep convective, organized midlatitude, and tropical oceanic. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reveal comprehensive modes of global DSD spatial and temporal variability. Although the locations contain different distributions of individual DSD parameters, all locations are found to have the same modes of variability. Based on PCA, six groups of points with unique DSD characteristics emerge. The physical processes that underpin these groups are revealed through supporting radar observations. Group 1 (group 2) is characterized by high (low) liquid water content (LWC), broad (narrow) distribution widths, and large (small) median drop diameters D0. Radar analysis identifies group 1 (group 2) as convective (stratiform) rainfall. Group 3 is characterized by weak, shallow radar echoes and large concentrations of small drops, indicative of warm rain showers. Group 4 identifies heavy stratiform precipitation. The low latitudes exhibit distinct bimodal distributions of the normalized intercept parameter N w, LWC, and D0 and are found to have a clustering of points (group 5) with high rain rates, large N w, and moderate D0, a signature of robust warm rain processes. A distinct group associated with ice-based convection (group 6) emerges in the midlatitudes. Although all locations exhibit the same covariance of parameters associated with these groups, it is likely that the physical processes responsible for shaping the DSDs vary as a function of location.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Checa-Garcia, R., A. Tokay, and F. J. Tapiador. "Binning effects on in-situ raindrop size distribution measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 3 (March 7, 2014): 2339–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-2339-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. This paper investigates the binning effects on drop size distribution (DSD) measurements obtained by Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD), Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS), Thies disdrometer (Thies), Parsivel OTT disdrometer, two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) and optical spectro-pluviometer (OSP) instruments, therefore the evaluation comprises non-regular bin sizes and the effect of minimum and maximum measured sizes of drops. To achieve this goal, 2DVD measurements and simulated gamma size distributions were considered. The analysis of simulated gamma DSD binned according each instrument was performed to understand the role of discretisation and truncation effects together on the integral rainfall parameters and estimators of the DSD parameters. In addition, the drop-by-drop output of the 2DVD is binned to simulate the raw output of the other disdrometers which allowed us estimate sampling and binning effects on selected events from available dataset. From simulated DSD it has been found that binning effects exist in integral rainfall parameters and in the evaluation of DSD parameters of a gamma distribution. This study indicates that POSS and JWD exhibit underestimation of concentration and mean diameter due to binning. Thies and Parsivel report a positive bias for rainfall and reflectivity (reaching 5% for heavy rainfall intensity events). Regarding to DSD parameters, distributions of estimators for the shape and scale parameters were analyzed by moment, truncated moment and maximum likelihood methods. They reported noticeable differences between instruments for all methodologies of estimation applied. The measurements of 2DVD allow sampling error estimation of instruments with smaller capture areas than 2DVD. The results show that the instrument differences due to sampling were a~relevant uncertainty but that concentration, reflectivity and mass-weighted diameter were sensitive to binning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Macner, Ashley M., Susan Daniel, and Paul H. Steen. "Condensation on Surface Energy Gradient Shifts Drop Size Distribution toward Small Drops." Langmuir 30, no. 7 (February 13, 2014): 1788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la404057g.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wei Hailiang, 魏海亮, 邵利民 Shao Limin, and 李天伟 Li Tianwei. "Fog Field Scattering Analysis with Drop Size Distribution." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 51, no. 12 (2014): 120101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop51.120101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ahmadi, Mehran, and R. W. Sellens. "A SIMPLIFIED MAXIMUM-ENTROPY-BASED DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION." Atomization and Sprays 3, no. 3 (1993): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.v3.i3.30.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Rizk, N. K., and A. H. Lefebvre. "Drop-size distribution characteristics of spill-return atomizers." Journal of Propulsion and Power 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.22753.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Villermaux, Emmanuel, and Benjamin Bossa. "Single-drop fragmentation determines size distribution of raindrops." Nature Physics 5, no. 9 (July 20, 2009): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1340.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Abismaı̈l, B., J. P. Canselier, A. M. Wilhelm, H. Delmas, and C. Gourdon. "Emulsification by ultrasound: drop size distribution and stability." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 6, no. 1-2 (March 1999): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4177(98)00027-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Capsoni, C., M. D'Amico, and R. Nebuloni. "Impact of drop size distribution on ZDR estimation." Electronics Letters 36, no. 3 (2000): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000250.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ochou, Abe Delfin, Armand Nzeukou, and Henri Sauvageot. "Parametrization of drop size distribution with rain rate." Atmospheric Research 84, no. 1 (March 2007): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.05.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Porcù, Federico, Leo Pio D'Adderio, Franco Prodi, and Clelia Caracciolo. "Rain drop size distribution over the Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Research 150 (December 2014): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.07.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

D'Adderio, Leo Pio, Federico Porcù, and Ali Tokay. "Evolution of drop size distribution in natural rain." Atmospheric Research 200 (February 2018): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.10.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Fantini, E., L. Tognotti, and A. Tonazzini. "Drop size distribution in sprays by image processing." Computers & Chemical Engineering 14, no. 11 (November 1990): 1201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(90)80002-s.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Nishikawa, Mesabumi, Takashi Kayama, Shigeru Nishioka, and Sachi Nishikawa. "Drop size distribution in mixing vessel with aeration." Chemical Engineering Science 49, no. 14 (July 1994): 2379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(94)e0063-v.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ríos, Guillermo, José Manuel Benito, Carmen Pazos, and José Coca. "Drop Size Distribution of O/W Emulsions by Drop Immobilization with Agarose." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 23, no. 5 (January 11, 2002): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/dis-120015375.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Fox, N. I. "TECHNICAL NOTE: The representation of rainfall drop-size distribution and kinetic energy." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 5 (October 31, 2004): 1001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-1001-2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. To relate observed rainfall rates (R) to the kinetic energy flux (E) that affects soil erosion it is necessary to develop relationships between the two. This paper explores theoretical E–R relationships based on gamma distributions of drop size. The relationship is poorly defined unless assumptions are made about changes in the shape of the drop-size distribution (DSD) with rainfall rate. The study suggests that the assumption of an exponential DSD leads to overestimation of kinetic energy flux. Further, incorporation of a horizontal component of kinetic energy allows for a clearer relationship between kinetic energy and rainfall intensity to be defined, but a question remains regarding the most appropriate definition of the horizontal component of drop velocity. Keywords: drop-size distribution, drop kinetic energy, soil erosion

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Hosseinzadeh, Mostafa, Mansour Shirvani, and Ahad Ghaemi. "A study on mean drop size and drop size distribution in an eductor liquid–liquid extractor." Separation and Purification Technology 201 (August 2018): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.020.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Chen, Yun Fu. "Influence of Surface Wettability on Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.869.

Full text

Abstract:

For finding influence of the surface wettability on dropwise condensation heat transfer, a model for dropwise condensation heat transfer has been established based on the drop size distributions and the heat transfer rate through a single drop with considering influence of contact angle to heat transfer. It has been shown based on the proposed model that up to a drop radius of 5μm, the rate of decrease in the drop population density is not as steep as the rate for a drop radius greater than 10μm, because coalescence between drops starts taking place. Varying the contact angle changes the drop distribution; higher the contact angle, lower the departing droplet size and large number density of small droplets. Heat flux first increases and then decreases with increasing contact angle under the temperature difference condition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ćurić, Mladjen, Dejan Janc, Vladan Vučković, and Nemanja Kovačević. "The impact of the choice of the entire drop size distribution function on Cumulonimbus characteristics." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 18, no. 2 (May 13, 2009): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0366.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Leijnse, H., and R. Uijlenhoet. "The effect of reported high-velocity small raindrops on inferred drop size distributions and derived power laws." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2010): 9121–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-9121-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. It has recently been shown that at high rainfall intensities, small raindrops may fall with much larger velocities than would be expected from their diameters. These were argued to be fragments of recently broken-up larger drops. In this paper we quantify the effect of this phenomenon on raindrop size distribution measurements from a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer, a 2-D Video Distrometer, and a vertically-pointing Doppler radar. Probability distributions of fall velocities have been parameterized, where the parameters are functions of both rainfall intensity and drop size. These parameterizations have been used to correct Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer measurements for this phenomenon. The effect of these corrections on fitted scaled drop size distributions are apparent but not major. Fitted gamma distributions for three different types of rainfall have been used to simulate drop size measurements. The effect of the high-velocity small drops is shown to be minor. Especially for the purpose of remote sensing of rainfall using radar, microwave links, or optical links, the errors caused by using the slightly different retrieval relations will be masked completely by other error sources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Leijnse, H., and R. Uijlenhoet. "The effect of reported high-velocity small raindrops on inferred drop size distributions and derived power laws." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 14 (July 23, 2010): 6807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6807-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. It has recently been shown that at high rainfall intensities, small raindrops may fall with much larger velocities than would be expected from their diameters. These were argued to be fragments of recently broken-up larger drops. In this paper we quantify the effect of this phenomenon on raindrop size distribution measurements from a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer, a 2-D Video Distrometer, and a vertically-pointing Doppler radar. Probability distributions of fall velocities have been parameterized, where the parameters are functions of both rainfall intensity and drop size. These parameterizations have been used to correct Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer measurements for this phenomenon. The effect of these corrections on fitted scaled drop size distributions are apparent but not major. Fitted gamma distributions for three different types of rainfall have been used to simulate drop size measurements. The effect of the high-velocity small drops is shown to be minor. Especially for the purpose of remote sensing of rainfall using radar, microwave links, or optical links, the errors caused by using the slightly different retrieval relations will be masked completely by other error sources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Eroglu, H., and N. Chigier. "Initial Drop Size and Velocity Distributions for Airblast Coaxial Atomizers." Journal of Fluids Engineering 113, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909517.

Full text

Abstract:

Initial drop size and velocity distributions, after complete disintegration of coaxial liquid jets, were determined by phase Doppler measurements. The measured radial distributions of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) were compared with the photographs of the disintegrating liquid jet. The SMD distribution was found to be strongly affected by the structure and behavior of the preceding liquid intact jet. The results showed that SMD increases with increasing liquid supply pressure as well as with decreasing air supply pressure. The axial measurement stations were determined from the photographs of the coaxial liquid jet at very short distances (1–2 mm) downstream of the observed break-up locations. The droplets accelerated at these regions under the influence of the air velocity. Smaller droplets were found to reach higher velocities because of their larger drag-to-momentum ratio. In general, minimum droplet mean velocities were found at the center, and the maximum velocities were near the spray boundary. Size velocity correlations show that the velocity of larger drops did not change with drop size. Drop rms velocity distributions have double peaks whose radial positions coincide with the maximum mean velocity gradients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Thurai, Merhala, Viswanathan Bringi, Patrick Gatlin, Walter Petersen, and Matthew Wingo. "Measurements and Modeling of the Full Rain Drop Size Distribution." Atmosphere 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10010039.

Full text

Abstract:

The raindrop size distribution (DSD) is fundamental for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and in numerical modeling of microphysical processes. Conventional disdrometers cannot capture the small drop end, in particular the drizzle mode which controls collisional processes as well as evaporation. To overcome this limitation, the DSD measurements were made using (i) a high-resolution (50 microns) meteorological particle spectrometer to capture the small drop end, and (ii) a 2D video disdrometer for larger drops. Measurements were made in two climatically different regions, namely Greeley, Colorado, and Huntsville, Alabama. To model the DSDs, a formulation based on (a) double-moment normalization and (b) the generalized gamma (GG) model to describe the generic shape with two shape parameters was used. A total of 4550 three-minute DSDs were used to assess the size-resolved fidelity of this model by direct comparison with the measurements demonstrating the suitability of the GG distribution. The shape stability of the normalized DSD was demonstrated across different rain types and intensities. Finally, for a tropical storm case, the co-variabilities of the two main DSD parameters (normalized intercept and mass-weighted mean diameter) were compared with those derived from the dual-frequency precipitation radar onboard the global precipitation mission satellite.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Pacek, A. W., S. Chamsart, A. W. Nienow, and A. Bakker. "The influence of impeller type on mean drop size and drop size distribution in an agitated vessel." Chemical Engineering Science 54, no. 19 (October 1999): 4211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(99)00156-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Hemmati, Alireza, Meisam Torab-Mostaedi, Mansour Shirvani, and Ahad Ghaemi. "A study of drop size distribution and mean drop size in a perforated rotating disc contactor (PRDC)." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 96 (April 2015): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.02.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Calabrese, R. V., C. Y. Wang, and N. P. Bryner. "Drop breakup in turbulent stirred-tank contactors. Part III: Correlations for mean size and drop size distribution." AIChE Journal 32, no. 4 (April 1986): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320418.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hachani, Sahar, Brice Boudevillain, Guy Delrieu, and Zoubeida Bargaoui. "Drop Size Distribution Climatology in Cévennes-Vivarais Region, France." Atmosphere 8, no. 12 (November 25, 2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos8120233.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kumar, Lakshmi Sutha, Yee Hui Lee, and Jin Teong Ong. "Two-Parameter Gamma Drop Size Distribution Models for Singapore." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 49, no. 9 (September 2011): 3371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2124464.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Wen, Long, Kun Zhao, Gang Chen, Mingjun Wang, Bowen Zhou, Hao Huang, Dongming Hu, Wen-Chau Lee, and Hanfeng Hu. "Drop Size Distribution Characteristics of Seven Typhoons in China." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 12 (June 19, 2018): 6529–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2017jd027950.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Teske, ME, HW Thistle, RC Reardon, DC Davies, G. Cormier, RS Cameron, MY LeClerc, A. Karipot, and SW Dean. "Flight Line Variability in Rotary Atomizer Drop Size Distribution." Journal of ASTM International 3, no. 1 (2006): 12922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai12922.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Cristini, V., S. Guido, A. Alfani, J. Bławzdziewicz, and M. Loewenberg. "Drop breakup and fragment size distribution in shear flow." Journal of Rheology 47, no. 5 (September 2003): 1283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.1603240.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Brandes, Edward A., Guifu Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan. "Comparison of Polarimetric Radar Drop Size Distribution Retrieval Algorithms." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 21, no. 4 (April 2004): 584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0584:coprds>2.0.co;2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

R. A. Kohl, R. D. von Bernuth, and G. Huebner. "Drop Size Distribution Measurement Problems Using a Laser Unit." Transactions of the ASAE 28, no. 1 (1985): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32226.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!