Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drones – Alimentation en énergie'
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Pavot, Thomas. "Commande avancée d’une source d’énergie hybride pile à combustible - batterie - supercondensateur pour un drone de longue endurance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD064.
Full textThis thesis addresses energy management strategies (EMS) for a hybrid source composed of a fuel cell (FC), a supercapacitor (SC), and a battery, intended for a long-endurance drone. The main objective is to limit the current variations requested from the FC. After analyzing the energy challenges in the aviation sector and hybridization technologies, the study explores different architectures and energy models to optimize the lifetime of the sources, particularly the FC.Three EMS strategies were examined. The first is the fixed-frequency strategy, which uses a constant cutoff frequency to separate low and high frequencies. The second, known as the adaptive strategy, varies the cutoff frequency based on the SC’s state of charge, allowing better management of current variations from the load. Finally, the H-infinity control strategy adjusts the energy distribution between the sources according to specific performance constraints.The results show that the adaptive frequency strategy significantly reduces the current variations demanded from the FC, with a reduction of up to 45 % on certain cycles, potentially extending its lifespan. On the other hand, the H-infinity control strategy proved to be less efficient and requires further optimization. Tests in both simulation and on a test bench confirm these findings, but a more detailed study on FC aging would be necessary to accurately estimate the gains in lifetime
Mazouz, Khalid. "Stockage supraconducteur d'énergie magnétique pour alimentation impulsionnnelle." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2064.
Full textThis work comes within the framework of a general project dealing with the electromagnetic launch. Its main purpose is to design a pulsed power supply from a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (S. M. E. S. ) able to deliver a high current pulse, during a short time, to rails of an electromagnetic launcher, identified by a resistance and an inductance. At the present day, the performances of superconducting wires lead us to retain a storage current level in the superconducting coil of about ten kA. The current pulse in the load, connected at a secondary winding not superconducting, is obtained by the fast discharge of the whole stored magnetic energy in the superconducting coil using a transformer effect. This discharge is carried out by opening the primary circuit of the transformer. The S. M. E. S. And the secondary coil have a toroidal geometry which is composed of a finite number of identical and circular elementary coils. Besides, they fit into each other in order to ensure a good magnetic coupling. The first stage of this study consists in justifying the choice of the S. M. E. S. Geometry. Two kinds of storage coil geometry are studied and compared : the solenoidal and the toroidal configuration. Several parameters are analysed such as the energy storage capacity and the stray magnetic field. The second part concerns the pulsed dischage study of the S. M. E. S. At first, the transformer without magnetic core is modelled. Afterwards, its electric and magnetic parameters are computed. The maximum current peak in the load is obtained by an impedance adaptation of the transformer secondary circuit. Its value depends on the primary and secondary time constants and the magnetic coupling coefficient of the transformer
Ramuz, Denis. "Machine généralisée alimentée par deux convertisseurs : contribution à l'étude et à la commande avec et sans capteur." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2078.
Full textIn this thesis, the autor presents an innovative driving solution using a Double FedMachine with stator and rotor connected to two IGBT PWM converters. This is an attractive solution in high power Industrial applications requiring high dynamic performances with a large field weakening range (6 typical). This type of Drive advised for coiler-uncoiler, requires constant power in a large speed range (6 typical) and high dynamic torque response. It allows an one side to produce a torque at zero speed with the normal design of the converters and on another side to reduce the frequency of the currents and fluxes for a given speed. The tested control scheme on test bench of 3 kW uses a field oriented vector control strategy. The author propose a new control law (with mechanical sensor) with the property of simplicity to reduce the interactions beetween stator and rotor regulations. Primally , the control law without mechanical sensor is studied. The results show the high robustness of the control. Throughout the work, the simulation results (Matlab/Simulink) and the control strategies are validated by experimental results
Boyette, Armand. "Contrôle-commande d’un générateur asynchrone à double alimentation avec système de stockage pour la production éolienne." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0162_BOYETTE.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the design, analysis and simulation of a constant grid power wind energy conversion system based on electrical energy storage and indirectly controlled doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). This horizontal axis wind turbine system generates a constant active power through the grid under all wind conditions. The incorporation of a battery or other energy storage device in the DC link enables temporary electrical energy storage. The modelling of the mechanical part of the turbine is particularly detailed, a variable blade pitch wind turbine is used for maximal power extraction. Then, modelling, direct control and indirect control of the DFIG are presented. Independent control of active and reactive powers is achieved and the storage unit rating for this operation is particularly detailed. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control of this unit is also discussed. Simulation results validate the study for two experimental long duration wind speed profiles. This wind energy conversion system can offer some system service like power factor compensation or harmonic minimisation. So, the DFIG is used, with an additional control, to reduce harmonics currents present in the grid. This system facilitates the integration of the wind turbine in the distribution network because the manager of the grid can have a constant active power and some useful systems services
Fave, Alain. "Etude et réalisation par épitaxie en phase liquide de convertisseurs photovoltaïques de puissance en GaAs pour la télé-alimentation." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0082.
Full textTransmission of electrical power under optical form is of increasing interest. This work describes efforts to develop of simple structure of GaAs solar cells for coupling ta 814 nm laser beam. The fabrication technology developed for high efficiency solar cells can be used directly for the monochromatic applications. The cell is a p-Ga1-xA1xAs/p-GaAs/n-GaAs structure grown by liquid phase epitaxy. We describe the various parameters that we had to optimize, above all the anti-reflection layer. We report conversion efficiencies near to 50% under the 814 nm monochromatic illumination
Le, Scornec Julien. "Micro-générateurs aéroélectriques flexibles pour l’auto-alimentation de capteurs communicants." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4039.
Full textThe advent of the Internet of Things has rendered the ambient energy harvesting a major issue for powering communicating microsystems. In this context, this work focuses on the development of a flexible piezoelectric micro-generator able to convert the mechanical energy from low airflows. The objective is to develop autonomous microsystems, or at least to extend their lifespan with energy harvesting. To harvest ambient energy, the flexible micro-generators are made of 3 μm-thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films encapsulated between polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. The manufacturing process of the micro-generators has been optimized in order to increase their energy efficiency. Both the optimization of the electrode structure and the geometry of the generator made the maximum harvested power increase by a factor of 625. In this work, to characterize the energy harvesting, the micro-generators were excited with different systems (shaker, traction/compression system and wind tunnel). Thus, wind tunnel tests have shown that it was possible to harvest a power of 38 μW at 10 Hz when the generator was subjected to a low airflow (6 m/s). This generator allowed to power a communicating temperature sensor during several measurement/data transmission cycles
Morel, Laurent. "Machine à double alimentation : optimisation du convertisseur et contrôle vectoriel avec et sans capteur." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2066.
Full textA new type of variable speed drive is presented in this thesis. This new process uses a double fed machine with one rotoric converter and a particular operating mode. Actually the area speed is shared into three operating phases : firstly a reversed asynchronous mode, then a transient mode of qtator coupling on the network and a double fed mode. This proposed solution leads to an important lowering of the power electronic size with regard to a conventional solution. The oriented field control of the three modes is studied, the knowledge of the current and the voltage of both windings allows a high performance field oriented control. Moreover the reactive power on the network side can be regulated in the double fed mode operating. A predictive model is added to the control and improves the dynamic performances of the system. Lastly the control laws without mechanical sensor are studied, they allow to obtain good dynamic performances. The results show the high robustness of the control. Throughout the thesis, the simulation results and the control strategies are validated by experimental results
Ouyessaad, Hakim. "Diagnostic d'une génératrice asynchrone à double alimentation : application à l'énergie éolienne." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES060.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis focuses on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) of a wind turbine diagnosis methodology implementation. Firstly, diagnosis based model methods and those without model have been investigated. In our research works, diagnosis based model and observer has been selected. Moreover, a various faults affecting the generator behavior have been presented. Then, the Takagi-Sugeno multiple models approach has been used in order to represent the generator behavior as an LPV system. The obtained T-S model by the polytopic transformation is characterized by an LPV state equation and a linear output equation. The third part of this work is dedicated to the design of an unknown input multi-observer to estimate unknown inputs and to detect the current faults of the generator sensors. Otherwise, the designed unknown input multi-observer has been used to detect the generator system faults, i. E. The faults due to both rotor and stator resistors variation witch is apparent in the change of generator temperature. Finally, H∞ formalism has been considered to design a residual generator for faults detection. Hence, a 'virtual dynamic' has been introduced in the state estimation error dynamic equation. The proposed approach has been applied to the electric network fault detection in the generator; the considered faults concern the grid voltage dip
Hemche, Noureddine. "Étude et mise en oeuvre du transfert sans contact de l'énergie électrique et de l'information dans les systèmes embarqués." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0112.
Full textHamzaoui, Abdelkrim. "Conception et réalisation d'un système de transfert d'énergie et d'informations sans contact : Application à la télé-alimentation d'un système à deux axes." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0117.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study and optimization of the contactless energy and information transfer. The support used for this transfer is the magnetic induction. The aim is to feed without contact systems with up to two axes of rotation. The transfer is done through coreless transformer realized on printed circuits board (PCB). At first, we exposed a method to characterize various geometries of the air transformer. We determined the transformer parameters such as mutual inductance, parasitic capacitance, proximity effect, etc. Then, we evaluated the spatial and frequency couplings as well as the assessment of power for different transformer geometrical configuration. The transformer excitation frequency is within the range 100 kHz – 1 MHz. The last part of the manuscript deals the feasibility of a simultaneous transmission of energy and information through a system with two axes of rotation
Tanguy, Kevin. "Modélisation et optimisation de la recharge bidirectionnelle de véhicules électriques : application à la régulation électrique d'un complexe immobilier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30390/30390.pdf.
Full textThe democratization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles along with purely electric vehicles causes an increased electric demand on the power grid. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) aim to bring an appropriate response to this increased demand, by not simply considering vehicles as loads for the grid but as actors making bidirectionnal exchanges. The works presented in this master’s thesis show, with real data on the Université Laval campus, a modelling of vehicle fleets and the application of a linear optimization model, that V2B can provide financial gain shared between the actors of the system, while charging the vehicles efficiently.
Saint-Bois, Amaya. "Méthodologie d'aide à la décision multi-acteur et multi-échelles pour les systèmes nexus eau-énergie-alimentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP084.
Full textThis study presents a generic multi-actor multi-level methodology to optimize the management of water-energy-food nexus systems. Water-energy-food nexus systems are systems where water, energy and food resources interact and present synergies and trade-offs at varied spatial and temporal scales and whose management is impacted by cross sector decision-makers and stakeholders that take action at varied decision levels. Water-energy-food nexus systems are complex and dynamic systems for which the operational level cannot be overlooked to design adequate management strategies.The novelty of this methodology lies in it being the first one to combine spatial operational multi-agent based integrated simulations of complete water-energy-food nexus systems with strategic multi-criteria decision-making methods and multi-objective optimization. The framework simulates nexus systems at temporal and spatial operational scales to derive strategic spatial allocations of resources. The framework is used to allocate land-use alternatives to parcels for agricultural territories. The number of possible combinations of land-use allocations to parcels equals the number of possible parcel land-use allocations explored for each parcel exponential the number of parcels in the territory considered. Multi-criteria decision-making methods based on exploratory Monte Carlo simulations have been designed to provide decision support for large territories (more than 1000 parcels) for which more than two land-use allocation alternatives are compared for each parcel. A multi-objective optimization method has been designed to produce optimized regional level land-use scenarios. The multi-objective optimization method is limited computationally and can face convergence issues when the number of possible combinations of land-use allocations to parcel explodes.The methodology has been applied to an agricultural watershed of approximately 800 km2 and 15224 parcels situated downstream the French Aveyron River. The watershed experiences water stress and is located in one of France’s sunniest regions. Renewable energy production in agricultural land appears as a means to meet national renewable energy production targets and to move towards autonomous sustainable agricultural systems and regions. The installation of renewable energy generation units in agricultural land facing water stress is a perfect illustration of a complex water-energy-food system for which a holistic approach is required. MAELIA (modelling of socio-agro-ecological systems for landscape integrated assessment), a multi-agent based platform developed by French researches to simulate complex agro-hydrological systems, has been extended and used to simulate dynamics of water-energy-food nexus systems at operational level. Three strategic multi-criteria decision-making methods that combine Monte Carlo simulations with the Analytic Hierarchy Process method have been designed. The first one is local; it selects land-use alternatives that optimize multi-sector parcel level indicators. The other two are regional; decisions are based on regional indicators. The first regional decision-making method identifies the best uniform land-use regional scenario from those known and the second regional decision-making method explores the possible combinations of land-use allocations to parcels and selects the one that optimizes multi-sector criteria at regional level. A multi-objective optimization method that combines MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) and goal programming has been implemented with IBM’s ILOG CPLEX optimization studio to find parcel level land-use allocations that optimize regional multi-sector criteria
Sadou, Ryad. "Dimensionnement sur cycle de chsînes de conversion optimales à motorisation synchrone pour des applications de drones autonomes à ailes fixes." Thesis, Nantes Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NANU4020.
Full textAs part of the development of an autonomous fixed-wing UAV, the present sizing of the electric propulsion chain of the drone including the propeller, the electric motor and its power converter. This power chain, through which up to 90 % of the energy consumed by the UAV passes, represents a strong potential gain in term of energy efficiency and therefore in term of the autonomy of the UAV. Taking into account the entire operating cycle of the UAV requires the development of a particular sizing method that allows the simultaneous optimization of the geometry and the control strategy of the machine, while maintaining a reduced calculation time. This method, based on analytical models, allows the consideration of the thermal transient in order to avoid oversizing the machine, particularly with this type of application where the thermal steady state is rarely reached. In this study, it was demonstrated how it was possible to take into account the power converter and its control from the pre-sizing step of the machine, with the objective of reducing the mass of the PMSM and the losses of the {converter - machine} system
Bouvarel, Isabelle. "Variations d'ingestion chez le poulet de chair lors d'une alimentation séquentielle." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005251.
Full textBouaouiche, Toufik. "Commande à structure variable et étude de l'intégration d'éolienne à base de machine asynchrone à double alimentation sur le réseau électrique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2041.
Full textThis thesis deals with a 7. 5 kW variable wind speed turbine with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The goal is to design a robust control for the DFIG and minimise the impact of grid faults, unbalanced voltages or current harmonics on the performances of the system. After a brief historic of the evolution of wind turbines, the state of the art of used generators and their associated power electronics is presented. For mechanical part, a variable blade pitch wind turbine is used for maximal power extraction. The second part depicts the model of variable speed constant frequency DFIG using back-to-back PWM voltage source converters and the corresponding control schemes. The feasibility and advantages of soft synchronizing DFIG to the grid using stator voltage control method is discussed. The rotor side converter is used to control the wind turbine output power in order to follow a predefined power-speed tracking characteristics (MPPT) and the voltage (or reactive power) at the grid terminals. Both linear or non-linear control structures based respectively on PI regulator or variable structure control (sliding mode) are developed and compared. Some experimental results are shown to validate simulation study. The last part of this work is devoted to the integration of the wind turbine based on DFIG to the distribution network. In particular the behavior of the system under unbalanced power transmission grids, current harmonics or short circuit faults conditions is studied. A new active control strategy based on sliding mode regulators is developed to compensate electrical perturbations, improve power quality and assure the possibility of stabilizing and continuous mode function
Marzencki, Marcin. "Conception de microgénérateurs intégrés pour systèmes sur puce autonomes." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10038.
Full textThis PhD thesis addresses the subject of autonomous microsystems and their energy supply. Until now the energy needed for operation of these devices was provided by a finite source, like an electrochemical battery. It implies that the lifetime of the device is directly linked with the size of this reservoir and therefore a trade-off must be made between the size and the longevity of the system. The goal of this work consists in exploring the possibility of using the energy of ambient mechanical vibrations for powering autonomous devices. Furthermore we analyse the possibility of miniaturisation of such generators by using microfabrication techniques and piezoelectric thin layers. A MEMS micro energy scavenger would enable creation of autonomous systems on chip (SoC) or on a package (SoP). During this work we have developed detailed analytical and FEM models of piezoelectric micro power generators. The results obtained were used for design and fabrication of prototype structures using two types of piezoelectric thin layer materials: Aluminium Nitride (AlN) and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT). We have proven that these devices can generate powers up to several microwatts on a matched resistive load. We have also shown that in conjunction with special power management ASICs they can charge energy storage elements from very low amplitude vibrations. Finally we have assembled the entire energy harvesting system as a System on a Package. The presented devices are at the moment the sole examples of MEMS piezoelectric micro power generators adapted for ambient vibration energy harvesting. This PhD work is a part of the VIBES (VIBration Energy Scavenging) project founded by the European Commission (IST-1-STREP-507911)
Peña-Torres, Daniel. "Vers une gestion durable des ressources : une approche d'ingénierie des systèmes de processus pour les interfaces eau-énergie-alimentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP043.
Full textWater, energy, and food are critical resources required to meet basic human needs, ensure economic development, and achieve sustainable development goals. Global demand for these resources is steadily rising due to population growth and climate change. Compared to their 2012 values, reliance on water, energy, and food is projected to increase respectively by 40, 50, and 35 percent by the year 2050. In addition, it is expected that the atmosphere will continue to warm up during the twenty-first century, putting even more pressure on energy use, water availability, and food production. These pressures can result in conflicts, for example, over disputed land and resources. To ensure safe access to water, energy, and food for human development, it is important for planners and policy makers to incorporate various vulnerabilities when designing strategies to reduce climate risks. Moreover, water, energy, and food are highly interrelated, presenting both synergisms and trade-offs along their supply chains. The connection of these three resources and the study of their interdependencies has been referred to in the literature as the Water Energy Food Nexus (WEFN). This dissertation explores the Water Energy Food Nexus, examining the intricate interdependencies and potential conflicts along their supply chain.Within the challenges present in WEFN systems, effective decision-making tools are indispensable. Process Systems Engineering (PSE) tools offer promising avenues for managing WEFN systems. This thesis conducts a thorough literature review, identifying gaps in existing optimization models for WEFN management. Subsequently, a generic multi-objective optimization model is formulated and applied to a real-case study at a regional scale, with sensitivity analyses revealing diverse scenarios. Recognizing the roles of various agents and actors within WEFN systems, a multi-agent analysis, coupled with a multi-criteria decision analysis is executed. The tools and methodologies developed in this study not only contribute to the PSE community, but also provide benchmarks for a comparative analysis of WEFN systems. This research emphasizes the vital role of PSE in addressing complexities of WEFN systems, offering insights for planners and policymakers dealing with the critical interdependencies of water, energy, and food resources
Hounnou, Amèdédjihundé Hypolite Jordâo. "Dimensionnement optimal d’un système hybride hydroélectrique-photovoltaïque-stockage pour une alimentation rurale isolée." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD033.
Full textAccess to electrical power is essential for industrial and socio-economic development in every country of the world. In Benin, the issue of the electricity shortage remains a serious concern and arises strongly in rural areas of the country. Furthermore, Benin has an interesting potential in photovoltaics (PV) and hydropower (hydro), but which remains globally under-exploited. This research focuses on Optimal sizing of a Hydroelectric-Photovoltaic-Storage Hybrid System for remote rural power supplying. During this work, we modeled the main components of the hydro-PV-storage hybrid system, such as the penstock, the electromechanical equipment (turbine and generator), the PV generator, the batteries (Bat), the inverters and the converters. Indeed, the modeling and the optimization of the penstock with the genetic algorithm NSGA II allowed to note that the investment cost of the penstock (C_(inv_cond) ) increases with its hydraulic power (P_cond ). P_cond and C_(inv_cond) increase respectively logarithmically and quadratically with the diameter (D_cond ). Likewise, the modeling and optimization of the generator have shown that its total mass increases with its efficiency. As for the modeling of the electromechanical equipment cost, the taking into account of the continental factors allowed to better estimate this cost. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the optimization of different energy sources configurations, such as the hydroelectric plant, PV system, hydro-PV hybrid system and hydro-PV-Bat hybrid system. Two objective functions have been considered: the total generated energy and the energy production cost. The solutions obtained are presented in the form of Pareto front. the energy production cost of the PV system increases linearly with its total generated energy. For the cases of the hydroelectric plant and hydro-PV hybrid system, the solutions are grouped into four categories according to the number of hydropower units: {n_hyd=1,2,3,4}. As for the case of the hydro-PV-Bat hybrid system, the solutions are grouped into two main categories according to the number of batteries: {n_Bat=64,192 }. For n_Bat=64, the solutions are classified in four groups according to n_hyd: {n_hyd=1,2,3 et 4}, whereas for n_Bat=192, we have three cases {n_hyd=2,3 et 4}. The total generated energy and the energy production cost increase with the nominal turbine flow rate Q_(T_n ). Specifically, the compromise between the objective functions is in favour of the total generated energy for n_hyd=1 (the case of the hydroelectric plant), for {n_hyd=1,2} (case of hydro-PV) and for {n_Bat=64 & n_hyd=1 à 4} and {n_Bat=192 & n_hyd=2,3} (case of hydro-PV-Bat). In these cases, it is preferable to increase the total generated energy. On the other hand, the energy production cost is favored in the case of {n_hyd=2,3,4} (for the hydroelectric plant), {n_hyd=3,4} (for hydro-PV) and {n_Bat=192 & n_hyd=4} (for hydro-PV-Bat). Then we will opt for the reduction of the energy production cost
Schacht, Rodriguez Ricardo. "Planification de la mission des drones basée sur le pronostic et la gestion de la santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0257.
Full textRotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) with take-off and vertical landing capabilities or multirotors have proved to be an efficient and low-cost solution for civil flight applications due to significant advances in the development of robust and more efficient altitude and attitude control strategies, planning and re-planning algorithms capable of detecting and avoiding obstacles and Fault Diagnosis & Fault Tolerant Control methods. In most applications where multirotors are used, they develop different task as exploration, photogrammetry, filming, mapping and more recently all those dedicated to precision agriculture such as irrigation and crop monitoring. During the task development, the multirotor executes a mission which consists to fly through a set of paths connected by n reference points (named way-points) inside a known or unknown area. However, during the mission development, different negative factors decrease the multirotor flight performance such as environmental conditions, occurrence of faults or failures in actuators/sensors and energetic limitations due to the power source constraints. The energetic limitation problem in a multirotor are due to power capabilities that on-board battery can supply. Due to power and energy requirements, multirotors are powered by Lithium Polymer batteries which are rechargeable batteries of Lithium-Ion technology. They possess a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte and provide high power and energy densities. However, according to the use due to the number of charge/discharge cycles and other factors like damage provoked by over-discharges, the battery performances tend to decrease. Such decrease or aging causes a reduction in the efficiency of the UAV multirotor flight by the decrease of the total mission time or flight endurance, and leads to maneuverability problem, which increases the risk of crash and collision. This thesis topic addresses the issues concerning to battery performances and its influence into the mission and path planning tasks. By considering model-based prognosis techniques and path planning methods, a hierarchy mission planning strategy based on energy consumption is proposed and validated at simulation level considering different flight situations. The UAV performances, as well as its capability to execute and fulfill a mission is weighted by the computation of the battery State of Health (SoH) which is an index to measure the degradation level of the battery. The SoH helps to estimate the battery Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and establishes the energy limitation by the computation of the Maximum Flight Endurance (MFE). Such information is necessary to path planning generation which not only consider the constraints related to the power source but also the scopes and limitations of the mission to be executed. In addition, the main concern of this thesis are long time-distance missions e.g exploration or inspection of remote areas where it is fundamental to have a proper use of energy aboard the multirotor
Salvador, Michaël. "Bâtiments à énergie positive, optimisation de la demande et de la production à partir des sources d'énergies renouvelables." Perpignan, 2012. https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01260241.
Full textOulad-Abbou, Driss. "Contribution à la recharge solaire de véhicules électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0003.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the design of solar-based charging solutions for electric vehicles. The purpose of this work is to design and produce prototypes of electric vehicle charging stations and to propose tools to optimize the operation of these charging stations. First of all, we presented the followed method for the design and construction of a stand-alone mobile solar charging station. Then we presented the conception of solar charging station of 16kWc. An experimental study is performed over the period of January - August 2019. The results analysis of this experimental study showed that the produced energy is of the order of 10.8MWh per year and avoids CO2 emissions of 4.8 tonnes per year. About 50 electric cars per months could be charged by solar energy. We also studied a topology of charging station with bipolar DC bus. Since the three-level DC/DC converters are the most important elements of this topology, we have detailed the followed method for small-signal modelling of these converters. Then, an analysis of the voltage balance control of the bipolar bus was carried out to identify the best option to choose to guarantee the balance of the bus and a new balancing method were presented. This last method offers the possibility of balancing the DC bus without adding extra sensors sensors as in the classical method. Finally, the operating principle of the energy management unit proposed for this topology is presented and evaluated in simulations
Duyme, Valérie. "Récuperation énergétique à l’échappement d'un moteur de véhicule industriel par une turbine a gaz entraînant les auxiliaires." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0018.
Full textTrillat-Berdal, Valentin. "Intégration énergétique dans les bâtiments par l'utilisation combinée de l ‘énergie solaire et de la géothermie basse température." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS022.
Full textThe presented work is focused on the study of a solar combisystem which meets domestic hot water and heating-cooling building energy needs. Solar heat is used as a priority for domestic hot water heating and when the preset water temperature is reached, excess solar energy is injected into the ground via boreholes. Solar energy can also be used to heat directly the building thanks to a direct solar floor. This system has the advantage of contributing to balancing the ground loads, increasing the operating time of the solar collectors and preventing overheating problems. This solar combisystem has been installed in a 180 m2 private residence. An experimental study, which has started 18 months ago, shows that the process is operational. The total electric consumption of the process (heat pump's compressor, domestic hot water extra heating, circulation pumps) has a value of 26 kWh/m² for the two heating seasons. The experimental study shows that the injection of heat into the ground has low impacts on the yearly energy balance of the process. Simulations of the numerical model of the process, developed with the TRNSYS software, shows that combined solar thermal collector with ground-coupled heat pump is not interesting for individual houses in term of performances. Nevertheless, using solar energy to reinject heat into the ground is a good solution for public buildings and tertiary sector for which the borehole heat exchangers concentration in the ground is more important. The process has been simulated in a public building (36 apartments, 96 occupants). These simulations show that if the solar heat injected into the ground is fewer than 45% of the heat extracted, there is a risk to freeze the water contained in the refill material and in the ground. If the cooling function of the heat pump is not used, 300 m² of solar thermal collectors allow to reinject into the ground 78% of the heat extracted and the risk of freezing is avoided. This surface of solar thermal collectors allows to stabilize the long term performances of the heat pump (diminution of the heat pump's COP of 6% after 20 years). This surface is oversized by 3 with respect to the domestic hot water requirements alone
Ghanassia, Elie. "Effets de la morphologie des bâtiments en zones urbaines sur le gisement physique en énergies renouvelables." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2006.
Full textRenewable energies (RE) are a key component of European energy policies. In most of them, solar energy plays a central role. In 2010, 73% of European population is located in urban areas where the majority of building stock and energy demand are located. But renewable energies, especially solar energy, beat pumps or biomass use, require space, and this is problematic in urban areas. Moreover, the RE potential depends of building environment (tree shade effect, surrounding buildings…). Consequently, understanding of relationships between building environment characteristics of one specific area and its renewable energy potential is critical. This PhD is focused on the quantitative impact of buildings' morphologies on the RE potential assessment of an urban area. A complete and generic method is developed to quantify the energy potential received by facades and roofs in urban areas and the technologies (solar and PV panels, beat pumps and biomass equipments) which are suitable for a specific urban fabric
Goossens, Xavier. "LA MAITRISE DE LA DEMANDE EN EAU ET EN ENERGIE EN AGRICULTURE IRRIGUEE : DE L'EVALUATION DES ENJEUX A LA PROPOSITION D'ACTIONS CIBLEES." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557287.
Full textClénet, Stéphane. "Influence de l'alimentation électronique sur le couple et le comportement vibratoire des machines synchrones à aimants permanents." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT121H.
Full textWanderoild-Morand, Yohan. "Enfouissement d’une alimentation isolée sous contraintes de température et d’isolation." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1193/document.
Full textHigh temperature applications such as deep drilling, aeronautics or aerospace, lead to rework the isolated power supplies used for the control of the power elements. This work study the feasibility of an embedded converter with high static (10kV) and dynamic (<10 pF) insulation, able to work under high temperatures (> 250 ° C), in the ranges of dozens volts for the output voltage and several Watt of transmitted power. To avoid being constrained by a magnetic material Curie temperature of, we use a coreless transformer based DC/DC power supply. First of all, this thesis details the origin, the measurement and the estimation of the elements of the chosen transformer electric model. Then, to maximize the transferred power, we form a resonant structure by adding capacitors in parallel or in series with the transformer, then we develop a method to tune the whole. The comparison between the topologies leads us to choose a serial-serial compensation. Then we note that the technology chosen for capacitors, the static and dynamic insulation constraint can divide by more than two the power transmitted through a surface. Finally, we discuss how to rectify and regulate the output voltage without affecting the resonance or insulation provided, while minimizing the losses generated. A last part exhibit that with a suitable dissipation system and manufacturing process, it is possible to integrate the complete structure on silicon chips
Salanson, Jérôme. "Motorisations piézoélectriques à fonctionnement quasirésonnant ou quasistatique : analyse des contraintes d'alimentation et expérimentation de structures innovantes." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT041H.
Full textTraineau, Maxime. "Détermination du champ d'application du système d'alimentation séquentielle chez les poules pondeuses." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4042/document.
Full textSequential feeding (SF) consists in splitting the nutrients into two different diets. The goal of this thesis was to explore the limits of this feeding system. Three experiments were performed. The major questions go on utilization of other feedstuffs, capacity of hens to adapt their feed intake on unbalanced diet and hot temperatures and responses to modulation of energy and protein supplies. A meta-analysis gave responses on the regulation of feed intake and the impact on nutrient intake on laying and growth performances in laying hens. Experiments (Ex.1, 2, 3) shown off the possibility to substitute whole wheat with other cereals or feedstuffs (ground wheat and/or corn, insoluble fiber) in the morning fraction. Lower total feed intake in SF compared to continuous feeding (Ex. 1 et 2) and same laying performances improved the FCR. Laying hens were able to fit their feed intake on energy in the diet but not on protein content (meta-analysis, Ex. 2). Nevertheless, energy supplies had to be given in the morning fraction while protein could be given concentrate in the afternoon or throughout the day (Ex. 3). Knowledge on SF has to be completed in order to use this feeding system in commercial conditions. SF can help sparing resources and improve the on farm economical efficiency
Arvisais-Martel, Pierre-Olivier. "Analyse technico-économique des chargeurs bidirectionnels niveaux 1 et 2 pour véhicules électriques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28311/28311.pdf.
Full textIn recent years, the use of electricity routed from batteries of plug-in electric vehicles (BEVs: battery electric vehicles and PHEVs: plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) to the power grid for resale purposes, a concept commonly referred to as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), has been the subject of numerous studies. With manufacturers opting more frequently for lithium-ion batteries in the production of such plug-in electric vehicles, the profitability in terms of resale price of such V2G-produced energy is put into question. Indeed, Li-ion batteries are rather expensive given their lifespan of approximately 1000 charge-discharge cycles. The ultimate purpose of this Master’s essay is to determine a set of principles to allow for the establishment of an equally lucrative and technologically-economic plan regarding the resale of V2G-produced electrical energy as the result of BEVs and PHEVs equipped with Li-ion batteries supplied by grade 1 and 2 bidirectional chargers. In order to successfully accomplish this feat, numerous factors must be taken into consideration: the cost of such batteries and their durability relative to their maximum attainable number of charge-discharge cycles; the return value of bidirectional chargers; the expenses incurred by the power network in purchasing such electricity; the maximum permissible quantity of electric energy that can be exchanged with the electric grid per year. Initially, the topology of a chosen bidirectional charger undergoes a mathematical analysis of its performance output with regard to its overall cost. Subsequently, multiple charge-discharge cycles are conducted on the lithium-ion batteries at varying discharge intensities in order to evaluate the cells’ deterioration. The former results, combined with the development of a formula for the financial break-even point, demonstrates the effects of a bidirectional charger’s expense and performance, along with the degeneration of Li-ion batteries, on the resale price of V2G-produced electrical energy.
B, Dumont Laurence, and Dumont Laurence B. "Gestion de la demande en puissance : Outil de planification et stratégies pour la production de bois d'oeuvre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37214.
Full textL’industrie forestière est un secteur économique générant beaucoup d’emplois au Québec, Canada. Dans le but d’assurer la compétitivité et la profitabilité des scieries, plusieurs propriétaires se voient donc dans l’obligation de revoir leurs systèmes de production. De plus, ceux-ci sont à la recherche de nouvelles opportunités pour générer des profits, comme le programme de gestion de la demande en puissance (GDP) d’Hydro-Québec, programme visant à redistribuer l’usage de l’électricité vers des périodes hors-pointe. C’est dans cette optique que s’insère cette maîtrise, dont le but est d’évaluer l’impact technico-économique de l’implantation de stratégies permettant à une scierie typique de participer au programme de GDP. Pour ce faire, une revue de la littérature a été faite, afin d’établir un état de l’art sur les systèmes de gestion de l’énergie en industrie, la gestion de la demande en puissance et les modèles de planification existants dans le milieu de la fabrication de bois d’oeuvre. Ensuite, l’étude d’un système de production de bois d’oeuvre réel et la collecte d’informations quant à la consommation d’électricité des équipements et de chauffage des espaces de travail utilisés ont été réalisées. Ces informations ont par la suite été intégrées à l’intérieur d’un modèle de planification tactique des opérations. Avec un tel modèle, il devenait donc possible de tester différentes stratégies permettant de réduire l’appel en puissance des équipements en cas d’évènement de GDP et de mesurer les gains financiers ou encore les pertes engendrées par la mise en place de telles stratégies. Plus particulièrement, six stratégies ont été testées. À la suite d’une étude comparative basée sur la profitabilité de chaque stratégie, il s’est avéré que le meilleur scénario permettait d’augmenter les profits de la scierie à l’étude de près de 5%, tout en offrant une augmentation de profit durant un grand nombre d’heures de GDP (68 heures). Somme toute, l’étude a permis de trouver, pour une scierie type du Québec, la meilleure stratégie à mettre en place pour participer au programme de GDP d’Hydro-Québec. Elle a également a permis de développer un modèle de planification pour l’industrie du bois d’oeuvre intégrant la facette énergétique et de générer une méthodologie générale permettant de reproduire les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de la recherche à d’autres secteurs.
The forestry industry is an economic sector that generates a lot of jobs in Quebec, Canada. In order to ensure the competitiveness and profitability of sawmills, many owners are therefore obliged to review their production systems. In addition, they are looking into new opportunities to generate profits like Hydro-Quebec's Demandresponse program (DR). It is in this perspective that this master project is integrated, whose aim is to find the best strategy at the level of profitability, for a typical Quebec sawmill, to participate in Hydro-Quebec’s DR program. To this end, a literature review was conducted to establish a state of the art on energy management systems in industry, on demand-response programs and on existing planning models in the lumber manufacturing industry. Then, the study of a real lumber production system and the information collection about the equipment electricity consumption and the workspace heating used were realized. This information was subsequently integrated into a tactical operations planning model. With such a model, it became possible to test different strategies to reduce the equipment power demand in case of DR event and measure the financial gains or the losses generated by the implementation of such strategies. More specifically, six strategies were tested. As a result of a comparative study based on the profitability of each strategy, it turned out that the best scenario allowed the sawmill profits to increase by almost 5% while offering a profit increase for a large number of DR hour (68 hours). All in all, the study found that, for a typical Quebec sawmill, the best strategy to put in place to participate in Hydro-Québec's DR program. It also helped develop a planning model for the lumber industry integrating the electrical energy facet and generates a general methodology for replicating the work done in the present research to other sectors.
The forestry industry is an economic sector that generates a lot of jobs in Quebec, Canada. In order to ensure the competitiveness and profitability of sawmills, many owners are therefore obliged to review their production systems. In addition, they are looking into new opportunities to generate profits like Hydro-Quebec's Demandresponse program (DR). It is in this perspective that this master project is integrated, whose aim is to find the best strategy at the level of profitability, for a typical Quebec sawmill, to participate in Hydro-Quebec’s DR program. To this end, a literature review was conducted to establish a state of the art on energy management systems in industry, on demand-response programs and on existing planning models in the lumber manufacturing industry. Then, the study of a real lumber production system and the information collection about the equipment electricity consumption and the workspace heating used were realized. This information was subsequently integrated into a tactical operations planning model. With such a model, it became possible to test different strategies to reduce the equipment power demand in case of DR event and measure the financial gains or the losses generated by the implementation of such strategies. More specifically, six strategies were tested. As a result of a comparative study based on the profitability of each strategy, it turned out that the best scenario allowed the sawmill profits to increase by almost 5% while offering a profit increase for a large number of DR hour (68 hours). All in all, the study found that, for a typical Quebec sawmill, the best strategy to put in place to participate in Hydro-Québec's DR program. It also helped develop a planning model for the lumber industry integrating the electrical energy facet and generates a general methodology for replicating the work done in the present research to other sectors.
Lopez, Karol Lina. "A Machine Learning Approach for the Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34741.
Full textWith the increasing adoption of electric vehicles, there is an interest to use dynamic tariffs where the price depends on the current demand, encouraging users to charge their vehicles in periods of low demand, avoiding electricity peaks that may exceed the installed capacity. The issue an electric vehicle user must tackle is that it should ensure that its electric power is sufficient for its trips and that the recharge periods correspond to periods where the price of electricity is low. Most current charge scheduling approaches assume a perfect knowledge of the future prices and car usage, which hinders their applicability in practice. This thesis considers the modelling of the intelligent recharge of electric vehicles to determine, during the connection sessions, the times when the vehicle may be charged in order to minimize the overall energy cost. The thesis has four main contributions: 1) Optimum electric vehicle recharge model to generate a series of decisions using full knowledge of the price of electricity and energy used using dynamic programming as a method of optimization. 2) Creation of an information system model which includes variables relevant to the recharging model of electric vehicles in a framework data-driven. 3) Method of selecting relevant data using the stratification by clusters which can significantly decrease the time required to train forecasting models with results close to those obtained using the complete dataset. 4) Classification model which allows the determination of whether or not to charge the vehicle using machine learning models that can generate, in real time, a near-optimal recharge decision without considering perfect knowledge of the future information. We demonstrated how combining an offline optimization method, such as dynamic programming with machine learning models and a coherent information system can provide a solution very close to the global optimum without loss of applicability in real-world. Moreover, the versatility of the proposed approach allows the consideration of the integration of a larger set of variables at the input of the model, as well as other actions such as for example supplying energy to the network to further help reducing demand peaks which could be useful in a vehicle-to-grid context (V2G).
Merhy, Ghimar. "Contribution à la modélisation, la commande et l'optimisation des flux énergétiques : application à la gestion de recharge des véhicules électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0042.
Full textThe electric vehicles' usage keeps expanding worldwide for its beneficial environmental purposes. Eventually, vehicles' electrification seems to play a major role in the reduction of toxic greenhouse gases' emissions linked to the transportation sector. However, the chaotic difference margin between the electricity supply and demand still urges for a production/consumption balance that would reconcile both ends. Thus, the adaptation of energy flows to the supply and demand has become a necessity facing the gigantic energy waste related to the electricity storage challenges. Therefore, the batteries of electric vehicles (EV) could be an alternative solution for the storage and the retrieval of energy depending on the supply and demand of electricity. Our research work mostly proposes an energetic strategy based on a multi-objective and multi-criteria optimization algorithm related to the control of the bidirectional energy flows X2V/V2X between the electric vehicles and X (where X represents the grid, home or building depending on the available supply or demand of electric energy. First, the study proposes a control and regulation algorithm aiming to reach a balanced production/consumption system. The balance is mostly acquired through the bidirectional control of the energy flows related to a domestic residence (supplied with renewable sources), electric vehicles (adopted as means of storage and retrieval) and the grid. Then, the defined system's modeling is formulated and a multi-objective optimization of electric vehicles' charging and discharging modes defined by the regulation algorithm is assessed in order to attain an optimal fulfillment of the system's energetic needs. In order to do so, the energy production and consumption are first investigated through defining their reversible energy flows. Consequently, the vehicles' batteries are adopted as means of storage and retrieval depending on the energetic needs for a balanced system where any excess or lack of energy is avoided. The storage and retrieval's optimization is performed using the genetic algorithm method that helps to find optimal solutions for predefined objectives functions related mainly to the state of charge, the vehicle's propulsive energy, the valley energy and the losses. Consecutively, the study's objective functions are normalized and the weighted sum approach is implemented with the use of several case studies. And then, the optimal values resulting from the calculation are computed and verified by simulation using Matlab software. Finally, once the regulation algorithm has been set, and the corresponding optimizations implemented, the algorithm's simulation has been performed. Thus, a convenient control of the reversible energy flows, as well as the energy production and consumption has been confirmed
Paire, Damien. "Dimensionnement et gestion d'énergie de systèmes d'entraînements électriques hybrides : application à un ascenseur avec récupération d'énergie." Phd thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/59/89/75/PDF/Paire_Damien_These_UTBM.pdf.
Full textGiven the current energy challenges, hybrid power systems present an interesting asset for better energy efficiency especially in the use of renewable energy sources. These kinds of systems combine several sources in order to supply correctly the load. With a proper control strategy, we can take advantage of each source according to their characteristics so as to manage the entire system. In addition, for traction systems, it is possible to recover energy during different operating phases thanks to power electronic, instead of dissipating this energy in heat. The present study was applied to an elevator system fed by several sources. The first part of this thesis outlines energy problems and focuses on the savings on lifts in European Union. Then, the general structure of hybrid power systems is introduced with application examples. In the second part, the design of the system was led to meet the specifications of real elevators in terms of performance. However, for this study, we have added to this system different energy sources and the possibility of recovering energy. The modeling of the overall system has been carried in order to develop a control strategy for this hybrid system. After encouraging simulation results, an experimental platform was built to validate the control strategy on a real system. Experimentations have been performed successfully. The control is implemented with the rapid prototyping tool, dSPACE that allows to modify easily the strategies. This platform is therefore a complete tool for controlling hybrid electric systems in order to apply different energy management strategies
Paire, Damien. "Dimensionnement et gestion d'énergie de systèmes d'entraînements électriques hybrides : application à un ascenseur avec récupération d'énergie." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598975.
Full textZouiti, Mohammed. "Étude de nouvelles structures de convertisseurs statiques pour compenser le flicker généré par les fours à arcs." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10284.
Full textMarquet, Miléna. "Les modèles d'ilôts/quartiers à système énergétique local bas carbone : fondamentaux techniques et économiques, conditions institutionnelles de mises en oeuvre et conséquences pour les modes de vie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE006/document.
Full textThe development of the neighborhood as a scale of a more sustainable urban development takes part in a period of awareness linked to climate change for which the European Union has implemented an energy transition policy. In this context, the eco-neighborhoods are structured around two key points in terms of energy: energy efficiency and energy supply. Energy efficiency, which encompasses the energy performance of buildings and the control of energy demand, is the spearhead of existing local energy transition policies. In contrast, the low-carbon energy supply does not seem to have reached sufficient maturity to be fully implemented at the neighborhood level. Nevertheless, the analysis of eco-district projects shows the growing interest in the creation of a low carbon energy supply using local resources. This interest reflects, in particular, the willingness of some local actors to reach a degree of energy autonomy. In order to consider the neighborhood as a relevant scale for low-carbon energy supply, it is necessary to analyze the technical-economic and institutional conditions to be implemented. It reveals the need for a paradigm shift in the structuring of energy systems from centralized to decentralized systems. However, this new paradigm is conditioned by the technical and economic maturity of the infrastructures that can be installed in the district and by the ability to find a viable business model making the investment profitable on this scale. For the institutional part, it causes a modification of the relations between the actors using the energetic vectors studied (electricity and heat). The rise of new production profiles with the development of renewable energies and the emergence of new consumer profiles becoming producers, alters the energy value chain and makes it necessary to guarantee the flexibility of energy systems to ensure their correct functioning. To plan a different pathway that these relationships might take, a methodological approach based on the construction of the ideal-type was carried out. It shows the need for a new player, the energy manager, to ensure the proper functioning of the energy systems installed in the neighborhoods
Dakyo, Brayima. "Étude et réalisation de dispositifs à commande numérique pour l'alimentation d'une machine synchrone à aimants permanents par générateur photovoltaïque : stratégies de commande pour le pompage au fil du soleil." Le Havre, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEHA0003.
Full textRabaste, Denis. "Modélisation des prérégulateurs à haut facteur de puissance." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20247.
Full textBoukir, Anass. "Outils pour l’optimisation du dimensionnement des infrastructures d’alimentation électrique de tramway ou de métro." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS668.
Full textThe electrification of urban public transportation, such as trams, represents a major environmental challenge. The technical and financial studies for these projects cover various aspects of the infrastructure, such as excavation, civil engineering structures, railway track platforms, passenger buildings, electrical technology, and more. The objective of these studies is to propose technical solutions while evaluating costs, both in terms of investment and operation. The electric traction infrastructure is an important element in this equation, presenting a significant cost. It must meet transportation needs while adhering to financial and environmental goals. The sizing of this infrastructure aims to ensure the line's availability while optimizing costs. Technical studies for designing an electrical power supply system involve the selection and sizing of components that transport energy from the public grid to rolling stock, including traction substations, overhead contact lines, ground-level power supply, and connecting elements. These choices are based on simulation studies that require precise models and tools to avoid over-sizing the infrastructure due to uncertainties in simulation results. Moreover, compromises must be made between investment and operational costs on one hand and the infrastructure's capacity to handle traffic uncertainties on the other. The thesis's objective is to develop a multi-objective optimization approach to improve the sizing of electrical infrastructure, focusing on two main aspects: i/ the development of a railway electrical simulator with precision and execution speed compatible with optimization loop usage, and ii/ the development of a dimensioning optimization method that considers competing objectives. The thesis is structured into six chapters. After an initial general introduction, the second chapter delves into the issue of railway electrical infrastructure sizing and provides a review of the subject. The third chapter focuses on the railway simulator developed as part of the thesis. It covers the general principles, models, resolution methods, and post-processing of simulation results. The fourth chapter discusses the proposed infrastructure optimization approach, detailing the transformation of the business problem into a bi-objective optimization problem and the choice of the NSGA2 genetic algorithm for resolution. The implementation choices for this method are then presented. In the fifth chapter, the proposed optimization approach is applied to two case studies. The first is a simple test case with intuitive results, allowing for testing and refining the choice of crossover and mutation operators. The second case study involves a more complex real-project. The optimization results outperform those obtained through trial-and-error. Specifically, the optimizer can suggest a range of solutions that strike different balances between cost and reliability, providing engineers with objective decision-making criteria. In summary, the ultimate goal is to create a tool capable of optimizing the sizing of tramway electrical infrastructure while respecting technical specification
Ortiz, Monroy Alvaro. "Étude de montages redresseurs polyphasés pour le réseau d'alimentation électrique des avions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30250/30250.pdf.
Full textThis paper presents a study of polyphase rectifier circuits with suitable performance for power network of aircrafts. The study has been conducted on 6, 9 and 12-phases rectifiers. The characteristics of these rectifying circuits are studied theoretically and models have been developed using the software SimPowerSystems (SPS) to determine the performance of these rectifiers in different operating conditions. The simulation results are evaluated and compared with the avionics standards MIL-STD-704F and RTCA-DO-160G. An experimental study was conducted on a 6-phase commercial rectifier in order to validate the SPS model developed for this rectifier circuit. The measurements were performed on the experimental circuit with different charge levels and the results are compared with those given by the SPS model. The concordance between results is very good, which ensures the accuracy of the model developed.
Nou, Julien. "Gestion optimale de l'énergie thermique dans un procédé hybride : solaire/géothermie pour le chauffage de bâtiments." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756810.
Full textHarchaoui, Souhil. "Modélisation des transitions en agriculture : énergie, azote, et capacité nourricière de la France dans la longue durée (1882-2016) et prémices pour une généralisation à l'échelle mondiale." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=3874&f=24611.
Full textTo overcome the challenges of climate change and energy transition, combined with the projected population growth in the 21st century, agriculture must transform itself to produce more food while reducing its dependence on non-renewables sources and preserving ecosystems. This thesis examines the impacts of biophysical constraints and socio-technical transformations on agricultural metabolism, transitions and feeding capacity of agriculture. Agricultural metabolism is modelled through both energy and nitrogen flows that the agricultural system mobilizes and converts to operate and to supply biomass. This analytical framework allows us, on the one hand, to position agriculture within the energy transition challenges and, on the other hand, to jointly quantify the achievable feeding capacity and its impact on global biogeochemical cycles. Agricultural metabolism is examined at two spatial and temporal scales: a long-term historical perspective modelling (1882-2016) at the scale of France and a historical (1961-2013) and prospective modelling at the global scale. The analysis of French agriculture is based on the modelling of historical production data and means of production. We explore the mechanisms that link the inputs and outputs of the agricultural system, together with the associated energy and nitrogen transitions continuously since 1882. We characterize the French trajectory on the basis of efficiency indicators, energy return on energy investment, farm surplus, self-sufficiency and energy neutrality of the system. Energy neutrality is a key indicator for positioning agriculture in the future energy transition. We quantify the impact of socio-technical transformations on transitions that have quadrupled the farm surplus and reduced its energy self-sufficiency to almost zero. Agriculture produced twice as much energy as it did in pre-industrial times, compared to four times today, but it has gone from an energy self-sufficient system fed by biomass to a system almost exclusively dependent on fossil fuels. Expressed in biomass equivalent, agriculture's current energy consumption is equal to its production, therefore a system that is not energetically viable. The challenge for agriculture is to contribute to the energy transition without encroaching on its food production. Meeting this challenge, which is little understood by society, requires improving the energy performance of agriculture and involves improving nitrogen use efficiency, as well as reducing livestock production, especially from monogastrics, decreasing farm labor needs, together with a high energy recovery from agricultural residues. Global-scale modelling allows us to describe the agriculture trajectory in terms of feeding capacity and environmental impact and to assess its food production limits on the basis of biophysical constraints. This modeling is a first module focused on the nitrogen metabolism and does not take into consideration the energy operating regime of agriculture. We examine the limits of world food production along with nitrogen losses according to degrees of nitrogen self-sufficiency. We show how maximum supportable human population on Earth can range from 6 to 17 billion people depending on the share of total grain production used in animal feed, the nitrogen use efficiency and the nitrogen fertilization regime. This analysis allows comparing, as it is rarely done, official population projections for the 21st century with planetary biophysical constraints and discuss the conditions under which these projections can be achieved
Ghennam, Tarak. "Supervision d’une ferme éolienne pour son intégration dans la gestion d’un réseau électrique, Apports des convertisseurs multi niveaux au réglage des éoliennes à base de machine asynchrone à double alimentation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0012/document.
Full textThis research work deals with two topics conditioning the large scale development of wind turbines into electrical grids. The first is devoted to the development of new algorithms for the control of Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) based wind energy conversion systems. Two direct current control strategies have been proposed and are based on the hysteresis square areas (HZCA) and hysteresis circular areas (HZCI). Both strategies apply an appropriate voltage vector to control the active and reactive powers delivered to the grid, and also, to balance the voltages of the inner DC bus converter. Simulation and experimental results show that the HZCI strategy is better than HZCA in terms of output voltage waveforms and harmonic contain.The second topic is dedicated to the active and reactive powers supervision in a wind farm in order to supply prescribed power references from the grid operator. This supervision is ensured by a centralized algorithm that distributes power references between wind turbines in a proportional way. These references are calculated according to the maximum production capacity of wind turbines. An analysis of the power flow in the DFIM based wind energy system has been made to identify the (P, Q) characteristic and to calculate limits in terms of reactive power compensation. The local power management of each wind system has been developed allowing the powers distribution between the stator of the DFIM and the grid side converter by considering several operating modes of the wind generator
Rioual, Yohann. "RL-based Energy Management for Autonomous Cyber Physical Systems." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS533.
Full textThe energy management of a cyber physical system is a difficult task because of the complexity of hardware architectures and the use of OS. In addition, these systems are deployed in changing environments where their energy harvesting capacity varies. Over time, their energy consumption is modified due to the ageing of the components. Consumption models designed in the laboratory cannot take into account all possible deployment scenarios and system aging. One approach that is developing is the use of reinforcement learning in which we no longer know the system's consumption model; but thanks to this approach, the system is still able to adapt its operation during its deployment according to the evolution of its environment. Several approaches exist in reinforcement learning. The first part of this thesis is devoted to proposing guidelines to help for selecting the most appropriate approach for a given application and target. The second part of this thesis focuses on the design of the reward we give to our system that will influence its behaviour in its environment. Two reward functions able to adjust the system’s performance according to the energy available are presented. The third and last part of this thesis explores the use of several agents to independently control the different modules of our system. This approach allows a more precise control of energy consumption, reducing memory usage compared to a single agent approach
Bel-Hadj, Ibrahim. "Conception de micro-générateurs thermoélectriques planaires intégrant une topologie de thermopile 2.5D." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2022/2022ULILN005.pdf.
Full textThe tremendous growth of applications related to recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) requires the development of new solutions for harvesting/scavenging the environmental energy to power microsystems. The abundance of heat in our environment allows thermal energy harvesting devices to be one of the solutions. In this work, we have developed a family of planar micro-thermoelectric generators (µTEG), integrating a novel 2.5D thermopile topology periodically folded and distributed on multi-membrane, capable of converting heat directly into useful electrical energy. This thermopile, with high integration density, uses thermocouples based on metallic thermoelectric materials (Chromel and Constantan), electrically associated either in series or in parallel, allowing to reduce drastically the internal electrical resistance of these µTEGs to a few tens of Ohms. A 3D thermal modelling in COMSOL Multiphysics® was used to design the optimal dimensions of the modules so they would deliver the maximum output power. The fabrication of these devices is made by low-cost CMOS-compatible processes, using non-polluting, abundant and environmentally friendly materials. Deep reactive ionic etching (DRIE) of Silicon wafers is used to release membranes with adjustable lengths allowing to adapt the thermal resistance of these µTEGs to their environment. The devices realized in IEMN clean room, have been characterized using specific measurement benches developed for this purpose. The harvesting of one Watt of heat leads to thermo-generated electrical powers of a few hundred microwatts. This ranks these new 2.5D µTEGs among the best state-of-the-art µ-modules using metallic thermoelectrics
Lemieux, Hugo. "Étude et comparaison de stratégies d'alimentation électrique pour lampadaire à DEL." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22780.
Full textPilo, Francesca. "La régularisation des favelas par l’électricité : un service entre Etat, marché et citoyenneté." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1089.
Full textWith the country's hosting of a number of major international events having refocused attention on security issues, the government of the state of Rio de Janeiro introduced a new public security policy at the end of 2008 to regain territorial control over many of the city's favelas through the use of Pacifying Police Units (UPP). This programme has led to a partial revamp of the public authorities' favelas integration project. Since the 1990s, development has mainly involved improving infrastructure and access roads and, to a lesser extent, land and urban regularisation. Now, however, the authorities plan to promote ‘integration through the regularisation' of market and administrative relationships, involving various stakeholders from both the public and private spheres. This thesis examines the integration of these favelas from a relatively unexplored perspective: that of regularisation through the electricity network, the aim of which is to transform ‘illegal users' into new ‘registered customers', connected to the distribution company by a meter. In particular, we will highlight the link between the public and private approaches being used in projects to regularise the electricity service in two favelas, Santa Marta and Cantagalo. To this end, our analysis will focus on studying regularisation of the electricity service using its own tools - including socio-technical (installing meters and rehabilitating the network), commercial (billing collection methods) and controlling electricity consumption tools - and examining the ways in which customers have taken ownership of these. Research shows that regularising the electricity service tends to reshape the favelados' relationship with the state and the market; however, this has a number of limitations: it is difficult to build contractual customer relationships based on trust; activities to control consumption advocate bringing behaviours ‘up to standard' rather than supporting use; service regularisation tends to reproduce socio-economic inequalities rather than rise above them and these inequalities also gradually become less political. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to help improve understanding of the methods being used to integrate the favelas given the growing neo-liberalisation of urban policy
Ligeret, Christophe. "Réduction de la Consommation Electrique du Contrôle-Commande des Machines Automatisées." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555655.
Full textOuaddi, Hamid. "Contribution à la modélisation HF du comportement électromagnétique de l’infrastructure d’alimentation ferroviaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10189/document.
Full textDuring the last three decades, electronic devices have conquered the railway domain. The railway power infrastructure, which is constituted by a power supply substation, a catenary and the rails, allows providing the required current for the rolling stock. The supply current generates significant electromagnetic fields in a wide frequency band. In addition, the new generation of rolling stock is equipped with safety communication systems. In order to work properly and reliably, the on-board and close electronic systems must be fairly immune to the effect of the electromagnetic interference. Thereby, it’s essential to determine the electromagnetic constraints which these electronic systems are confronted. The aim of this work is to develop an electromagnetic model the railway power infrastructure over a wide frequency band. After a description of the power substation which contains mainly of transformers and converters, a high frequency model of power transformer is proposed by considering the magnetic effects and parasitic capacitances. This model was applied to study an electromagnetic behaviour a bench test that represents a classic DC power substation which includes a transformer, a rectifier and a load resistance. Then, a bench test that contains a transformer, a transmission line and a load allows us to study the frequency behaviour of the line current. Finally, a simulation of a railway infrastructure based on using measurements done directly to the terminals of a substation is detailed