Academic literature on the topic 'Drone aircraft – Afghanistan – Evaluation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Drone aircraft – Afghanistan – Evaluation"

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Sibilli, Thierry, Capucine Senne, Hugo Jouan, Askin T. Isikveren, and Sabrina Ayat. "Synergistic hybrid-electric liquid natural gas drone: S.H.I.E.L.D." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-10-2019-0211.

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Purpose With the objective to assess potentially performant hybrid-electric architectures, this paper aims to present an aircraft performance level evaluation, in terms of range and payload, of the synergies between a hybrid-electric energy system configuration and a cryogenic fuel system. Design/methodology/approach An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is modeled using an aircraft performance tool, modified to take into account the hybrid nature of the system. The fuel and thermal management systems are modeled looking to maximize the synergistic effects. The electrical system is defined in series with the thermal engine and the performance, in terms of weight and efficiency, are tracked as a function of the cooling temperature. Findings The results show up to a 46 per cent increase in range and up to 7 per cent gain on a payload with a reference hybrid-electric aircraft that uses conventional drop-in JP-8 fuel. The configuration that privileges a reduction in mass of the electric motors by taking advantage of the cryogenic coolant temperature shows the highest benefits. A sensitivity study is also presented showing the dependency on the modeling capabilities. Practical implications The synergistic combination of a cryogenic fuel and the additional heat sources of a hybrid-electric system with a tendency to higher electric component efficiency or reduced weight results in a considerable performance increase in terms of both range and payload. Originality/value The potential synergies between a cryogenic fuel and the electrical system of a hybrid-electric aircraft seem clear; however, at the present, no detailed performance evaluation at aircraft level that includes the fuel, thermal management and electric systems, has been published.
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Hentschke, Matheus, Edison Pignaton de Freitas, Carlos Hennig, and Igor Girardi da Veiga. "Evaluation of Altitude Sensors for a Crop Spraying Drone." Drones 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones2030025.

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This work aims to study and compare different range finders applied to altitude sensing on a rotating wings UAV. The specific application is the altitude maintenance for the fluid deployment valve aperture control in an unmanned pulverization aircraft used in precision agriculture. The influence of a variety of parameters are analyzed, including the tolerance for crop inconsistencies, density variations and intrinsic factors to the process, such as the pulverization fluid interference in the sensor’s readings, as well as their vulnerability to harsh conditions of the operation environment. Filtering and data extraction techniques were applied and analyzed in order to enhance the measurement reliability. As a result, a wide study was performed, enabling better decision making about choosing the most appropriate sensor for each situation under analysis. The performed data analysis was able to provide a reliable baseline to compare the sensors. With a baseline set, it was possible to counterweight the sensors errors and other factors such as the MSE for each environment to provide a summarized score of the sensors. The sensors which provided the best performance in the used metrics and tested environment were Lightware SF11-C and LeddarTech M16.
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Söpper, Max, Jiannan Zhang, Niclas Bähr, and Florian Holzapfel. "Required Moment Sets: Enhanced Controllability Analysis for Nonlinear Aircraft Models." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083456.

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Attainable moment sets (AMS) are a powerful method to assess aircraft controllability. However, as attainable moment sets only take into account the achievable moment set of the control effectors, they do not assess the required moment set to fulfill the aircraft mission requirements. This paper proposes to calculate a corresponding required moment set (RMS) which defines a set of moments sufficient for fulfilling aircraft controllability requirements in the mission flight envelope. The paper applies the required moment set approach to a nonlinear simulation model of an electric vertical take off vehicle (eVTOL) transition drone in hover. By comparing the required moment set to the AMS of the aircraft model, moment set margins are derived and used to assess the controllability of the considered aircraft. The results indicate that the combined evaluation directly identifies critical moment channels and margins, which is advantageous when compared to a pure AMS-based evaluation. The proposed approach enables the execution of simulation-based assessments in aircraft design and flight control development. In the early stages of aircraft design, required moment sets can support sizing, positioning and tilting of control effectors (e.g., propulsive elements) to fit the AMS to the actual required force and moment set for the specific system.
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Mott, John H., Zachary A. Marshall, Mark A. Vandehey, Mike May, and Darcy M. Bullock. "Detection of Conflicts Between ADS-B-Equipped Aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 1 (January 2020): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119900645.

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Versatile unmanned aerial system (UAS) platforms have grown significantly in popularity by virtue of their low cost relative to manned aircraft, high performance, and operational simplicity. While the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) currently regulates the operating altitudes, speeds, weights, pilot qualifications, and locations of drones, a lack of capacity and technology prohibits sufficient enforcement of these restrictions. To assess the frequency and severity of manned and unmanned aircraft separation incidents, and to examine the emerging sensor technology available to facilitate such assessment, flight operations in controlled airspace around Orlando Melbourne International Airport (KMLB) were monitored. One sensor system deployed at KMLB reported UAS locations, altitudes, and flight durations, while a second system reported manned aircraft positions, altitudes, and timestamps using ADS-B signals. Evaluation of flight operations data in the vicinity of KMLB revealed eight potential drone incursions over a 2-week period. Aircraft flight paths were retroactively tracked to map these unmanned and manned aerial conflicts; aircraft identification information was also researched to contextualize the incidents. The frequency and magnitude of identified events suggest the need for additional research to further explore the problem scope and potential solutions.
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SANCHEZ CARMONA, ALEJANDRO, CARMELO JAVIER VILLANUEVA CAÑIZARES, ALVARO GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ, LUIS GARCIA HERNANDEZ, and CRISTINA CUERNO REJADO. "CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN SIGNALS FOR RPAS CONTROL IN THE TREATMENT OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER." DYNA 96, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/9496.

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The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a difficulty in processing feedback regarding the current state of the concentration of an individual. One of the main lines of research in the treatment of ADHD involved the employment of electroencephalography (EEG) Neurofeedback as a means of providing a quantification and representation of the concentration level. The current investigation constitutes a first step in developing an application of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems aiding in the treatment of ADHD employing a Brain Computer Interface, based on the measurements detected by an EEG sensor. These measurements modify the flight height of a quadrotor according to the signal evaluation. In order to develop the proposed system, a real-time mechanism for processing and classifying the electrophysiological artifacts has been developed. Finally, the processed signals are then fed into the aircraft controller, modifying the aircraft flight and thus providing the desired feedback to the user. Keywords: BCI; drone; RPAS; EEG; ADHD; Neurofeedback; machine learning; neural network.
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Stojcsics, Daniel, Zsolt Domozi, and András Molnár. "Automated evaluation of agricultural damage using UAV survey." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausae-2018-0002.

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Abstract In the last decade, the rate of the industrial usage of fixed-wing and blended wing aircraft has increased. A 1–2-km2 area can be surveyed by such a drone within 30 to 60 minutes, without any special infrastructure, and this can be repeated at any time. This provides an opportunity to conduct automatized surveys and time series data testing, which can be used as a basis to decide specific processes. The state and the development of the plants can be monitored as well as the spread of pests and the efficiency of the procedures that protect against them. During the surveys, thousands of images are taken of the area, which can be converted to a georeferenced large-sized map within 20 to 40 hours, including post-production and a resolution varying from 0.01 to 0.1 cm/pixel. The paper provides a solution to the industrial post-production of these high-quantity data, in which a deep learning-based automated process using Matlab is presented, including a comparison of the results to the GIS data.
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BIN MOHD ZAIDI, MUHAMMAD HAFIZ AIZUDDIN, and Khairul Nizam Tahar. "Evaluation On Different UAV’s Georeferencing Points to Generate Accurate Orthophoto and Digital Terrain Model." Built Environment Journal 18, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v18i2.13876.

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UAV or drone application of autonomy ranging can be divided into several levels, from basic hovering and position over trajectory tracking and waypoint navigation to fully autonomous navigation. This study used the DroneDeploy application for an autonomous flight mission. It is the process of taking photographs from an aircraft or other flying objects with a camera mounted on them to produce a three-dimensional (3D) map from the images captured, including a digital terrain model (DTM) and orthophotos. As for this study, the same output will be generated, but different flight parameter applications were used. Therefore, the study determined the optimum number of ground control points (GCPs) and evaluated the accuracy of the final results for each flight design. Acquired data were processed using the Pix4D modeller software due to the user-friendly factor and faster processing rate offered by the software. The results were analysed, and recommendations were made for future study improvement and to avoid similar problems. This study is useful for the mapping industry to achieve high accuracy results. Keywords: Aerial photogrammetry, Flight Parameter, UAV apps, DTM, Orthophotos, GCPs
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Haus, Brian K., David G. Ortiz-Suslow, James D. Doyle, David D. Flagg, Hans C. Graber, Jamie MacMahan, Lian Shen, Qing Wang, Neil J. Willams, and Caglar Yardim. "CLASI: Coordinating Innovative Observations and Modeling to Improve Coastal Environmental Prediction Systems." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103, no. 3 (March 2022): E889—E898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0304.1.

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Abstract The Coastal Land–Air–Sea Interaction (CLASI) project aims to develop new “coast-aware” atmospheric boundary and surface layer parameterizations that represent the complex land–sea transition region through innovative observational and numerical modeling studies. The CLASI field effort involves an extensive array of more than 40 land- and ocean-based moorings and towers deployed within varying coastal domains, including sandy, rocky, urban, and mountainous shorelines. Eight Air–Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) buoys are positioned within the coastal and nearshore zone, the largest and most concentrated deployment of this unique, established measurement platform. Additionally, an array of novel nearshore buoys and a network of land-based surface flux towers are complemented by spatial sampling from aircraft, shore-based radars, drones, and satellites. CLASI also incorporates unique electromagnetic wave (EM) propagation measurements using a coherent array, drone receiver, and a marine radar to understand evaporation duct variability in the coastal zone. The goal of CLASI is to provide a rich dataset for validation of coupled, data assimilating large-eddy simulations (LES) and the Navy’s Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). CLASI observes four distinct coastal regimes within Monterey Bay, California (MB). By coordinating observations with COAMPS and LES simulations, the CLASI efforts will result in enhanced understanding of coastal physical processes and their representation in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models tailored to the coastal transition region. CLASI will also render a rich dataset for model evaluation and testing in support of future improvements to operational forecast models.
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Al-Rabeei, Samer, Omar Alharasees, and Utku Kale. "Human Factors Analysis and Classification System - AHP Drone Model Assessment." Acta Avionica Journal, December 28, 2022, 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35116/aa.2022.0030.

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Drone systems have become increasingly applied to various commercial, technical, agricultural, and military sectors. With the emerging significant effects on the frequency of drone accidents in many situations and areas, it has become increasingly necessary to form unmanned aircraft systems and usage limitations. The first step to do that is by highlighting the sources of accidents in the current process. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is the main technique for accident risk assessments in drone systems which clusters the accident key factors causes into 4 basic domains. In this study, 4 categories of drone experts participated in the study. The research utilized a new approach that integrates an analytical hierarchical decision-making model with the HFACS for drone accident causation investigation. The results of the study showed discrepancies among the different groups of drone operators and identified organizational factors and unsafe actions as being key issues in the evaluation.
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Gal-Or, Benjamin. "Editorial on Future Jet Technologies." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines, January 19, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2014-1000.

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AbstractAdvanced jet engines do not operate in an application vacuum. Their optimal use in advanced military applications drives much of their basic innovative research and development, especially when new needs arise in the rapidly changing domains of stealth-agile, fighter aircraft and tailless-stealth, Jet-Steered, Unmanned Air Vehicles (JS-UAV). For these reasons we periodically update this Journal with new trends that affect, and sometimes control, research and development of future jet-engines. One relevant example is the recently unmasked RQ-180 stealth-tailless drone, which is an improved version of the smaller, RQ-170 captured by Iran. Most important, with the new X-47B/C tailless-stealth JS-UAV, it is to dominate future uses of fuel-efficient jet-engines, especially for operating in dusty environments. The RQ-180 has been secretly designed and funded since 2008. It is based on a classified, 1986, parent Israeli Patents 78402, which protect hundreds design and testing trade secrets taken from 1986 to 1997 by the United States Government (USG) via classified contracts with USG-Contractors Boeing, Lockheed, General Dynamics and General Electric, as revealed by a December 6, 2013 Aviation Week [1–3] and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Case 2014-5028, Docket 12 [4]. The new RQ-180 design explains the recent U.S. Air Force ISR shift away from “permissive” environments – such as Iraq and Afghanistan, where non-stealthy Global Hawk and General Atomics' Reaper operate – toward new missions in highly “contested” or strongly “denied” enemy airspaces.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drone aircraft – Afghanistan – Evaluation"

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Sanchez, Sebastian Pablo. "Development and evaluation of a fault detection and identification scheme for the WVU YF-22 UAV using the artificial immune system approach." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10399.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 113 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-110).
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Rowley, Dale D. "Real-time Evaluation of Vision-based Navigation for Autonomous Landing of a Rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a Non-cooperative Environment." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd697.pdf.

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Mammarella, Marco. "Evaluation of machine vision techniques for use within flight control systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5970.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 149 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-149).
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(9739406), Travis L. Cline. "Mitigating Drone Attacks For Large High-Density Events." Thesis, 2020.

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Advances in technology have given rise to the widespread use of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), more commonly known as ‘drones.’ The sUAS market is expected to continue to increase at a rapid pace, with the FAA forecasting around 8,000 registrations monthly (FAA, 2019). High profile drone incidents include use in an attack on the Venezuelan president, an undetected landing on the property of the White House, and use in dropping crude explosives on troops in the Middle East (Gramer, 2017; Grossman, 2018; Wallace & Loffi, 2015). The rate of proliferation and high-performance characteristics of these drones has raised serious concerns for safety in high-density outdoor events. Counter-unmanned aerial systems are currently illegal for all but a few Federal entities within the U.S., leaving private and public entities at risk. This exploratory research investigates several legal facility and patron behavioral interventions to reduce possible casualties during a drone attack by using AnyLogic simulation modeling in an amusement park scenario. Data from this experiment suggest that behavioral interventions implemented 30 seconds before a drone attack can reduce casualties by more than 55%, and up to 62% casualty reductions can be realized with a 60-second implementation time. Testing suggests that venue design considerations, such as a reduction in hard corners, covered high-density areas, and smoother area transitions can synergistically reduce casualties when used in conjunction with a warning system. While casualty mitigation did occur throughout the study, active threat interdiction methods would be necessary to design a system that may prevent casualties overall.
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(11178285), Jose Capa Salinas. "An Unmanned Aerial Systems Evaluation Chamber for Bridge Inspection." Thesis, 2021.

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Civil engineering structures must provide an adequate and safe performance during their time of service, and the owners of these structures must have a reliable inspection strategy to ensure time-dependent damage does not become excessive. Visual inspection is the first step in every structural inspection; however, many elements in the majority of structures are difficult to access and require specialized personal and equipment. In an attempt to reduce the risk of the inspector and the cost of additional equipment, the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has been increasing in the last years. The absence of standards and regulations regarding the use of UAS in inspection of structures has allowed the market to widely advertise Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) without protocols or qualifications that prove their effectiveness, leaving the owners of the structures to solely rely on claims of the vendors before deciding which technology suits their particular inspection needs. Focusing primarily on bridge inspection, this research aimed to address the lack of performance-based evaluation and standards for UAS, developing a validation criterion to evaluate a given UAS based on a repeatable test that resembles typical conditions in a structure.


Current applications of UAS in inspection of structures along with its advantages and limitations were studied to determine the current status of UAS technologies. A maximum typical rotor-tip-to-rotor-tip distance of an UAV was determined based on typical UAVs used in bridge inspection, and two main parameters were found to be relevant when flying close to structures: proximity effects in the UAV and availability of visual line of sight. Distances where proximity effects are relevant were determined based on several field inspections and flights close to structures. In addition, the use of supplementary technologies such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) was studied to understand their effect during inspection.


Following the analysis, the author introduces the idea of a series of obstacles and elements inside an enclosed space that resemble components of bridge structures to be inspected using UAVs, allowing repeatability of the test by controlling outside parameters such as lighting condition, wind, precipitation, temperature, and GPS signal. Using distances based on proximity effects, maximum typical rotor-tip-to-rotor-tip distance, and a gallery of bridges and situations when flying close to bridge structures, a final arrangement of elements is presented as the evaluation chamber. Components inside the evaluation chamber include both “real” steel and concrete specimens as well as those intended to simulate various geometric configurations on which other features are mounted. Pictures of damages of steel and concrete elements have been placed in the internal faces of the obstacles that can be assessed either in real-time flight or in post-processing work. A detailed comparison between the objectives of this research project and the results obtained by the evaluation chamber was performed using visual evaluation and resolution charts for the images obtained, the availability of visual line of sight during the test, and the absence of GPS signal.


From the comparison and analysis conducted and based on satisfactory flight results as images obtained during flights, the evaluation chamber is concluded to be a repeatable and reliable tool to apply to any UAS prior to inspect bridges and other structures, and the author recommends to refrain from conducting an inspection if the UAS does not comply with the minimum requirements presented in this research work. Additionally, this research provided a clearer understanding of the general phenomenon presented when UAVs approach structures and attempts to fill the gap of knowledge regarding minimum requirements and criterion for the use of UAS technologies in inspection of structures.

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Books on the topic "Drone aircraft – Afghanistan – Evaluation"

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Martin, Matt J. Predator: The remote-control air war over Iraq and Afghanistan : a pilot's story. Minneapolis: MBI Pub. Co., 2010.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Unmanned aircraft systems: DOD needs to more effectively promote interoperability and improve performance assessments : report to the Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005.

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Office, General Accounting. Unmanned aerial vehicles: No more Hunter systems should be bought until problems are fixed : report to the Secretary of Defense. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Unmanned aerial vehicles: Performance of short-range system still in question : report to the Chairman, Legislation and National Security Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.

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Office, General Accounting. Unmanned aerial vehicles: More testing needed before production of short-range system : report to the Chairman, Legislation and National Security Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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Office, General Accounting. Unmanned aerial vehicles: Questionable basis for revisions to Shadow 200 acquisition strategy : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Research and Development, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Force structure: Opportunities for the Army to reduce risk in executing the military strategy : report to Congressional Committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Force structure: Army's efforts to improve efficiency of institutional forces have produced few results : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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Office, General Accounting. Force structure: Improved strategic planning can enhance DOD's unmanned aerial vehicles efforts : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2004.

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Office, General Accounting. Force structure: Air Force expeditionary concept offers benefits but effects should be assessed : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drone aircraft – Afghanistan – Evaluation"

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Petrides, P., C. Kyrkou, P. Kolios, T. Theocharides, and C. Panayiotou. "Towards a holistic performance evaluation framework for drone-based object detection." In 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2017.7991444.

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Liu, Hu, Hasrizam Che Man Mohd, Bing Feng Ng, and Kin Huat Low. "Airborne Collision Evaluation between Drone and Aircraft Engine: Effects of Position and Posture on Damage of Fan Blades." In AIAA AVIATION 2020 FORUM. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3214.

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R. Alsanad, Hamid, and Amin Z sadik. "YOLO-V3 Based Real-time Drone Detection Algorithm." In 4th International Conference on Communication Engineering and Computer Science (CIC-COCOS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cocos2022/paper.502.

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Drones are currently being used in a wide range of useful tasks that are too dangerous or/and expensive to be performed by humans. However, this is increasingly developing security breaching issues due to the possibility of misuse of unmanned aircraft in illegal activities such as drug smuggling, terrorism etc. Thus,thedetection and tracking of dronesare becoming a crucial topic. Unfortunately, due to the drone’s small size, its’ detection methods are generally unreliable: high false alarm rate, low accuracy rate and low detection speed are well-known aspects of this detection. The newemerging real-time algorithm based on the improved “You Only Look Once - version 3” (YOLO-V3) algorithm is proposed here for drone detection. This newly designed algorithm is consisting of three phases and has shown the potential to outperform the traditional detection approaches. The newly designed algorithm is trained and evaluated on the designed drone dataset. The evaluation results of our algorithm obtain 96% on average precision and 95.6% on accuracy.
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