Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Droit textuel'
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Nellis, Ezra. "Ordre public textuel et ordre public virtuel : étude de droit international privé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR035.
Full textIn private international law, public policies are a tool of conflict laws, whose mission is to defend the legislative corpus and the social cohesion of the required State. In order to do so, international public policies rely on a mecanism made out of two main components: mandatory laws and public policies’ exceptionality. When an extraneous element is present in a given case, international public policies can go against the application of a foreign law in order to settle a case or to oppose the traffic of a foreign public act going against the founding values of the forum. In French law, international public policies are based on article 6 of the Code civil, which states that "one cannot, through specific conventions, go against the laws of public policies and good morals". This means that, in theory, if international public policies defend the forum’s axiology, the lawmaker must previously have determined international public policies’ substance; if it is so, the principle behind public policies sanctionned in the Code civil would be held in abeyance. Indeed, a national judge cannot create law. However, when it comes to international public policies, judges have ended up with the responsibility to determine legislative norms, principles and values meant to become international public policies. This observation presents an opportunity to elaborate on a few points. In the French legal system, the judge does not have the necessary legitimacy to be the sole decision-maker on this topic and international public policies are often criticized by legal practitioners for their changeability and unforseeable nature. What is more, the French Constitution, which determines the process through which norms are drawn up, only authorizes the law maker to produce prescriptive discourse. Finally, the judge is not the vox populi’s herald: according to the social contract, the rule of law is its sole expression as it stems from the proper representative of the People, the law maker. From these observations, one can conclude that a discrepancy exists between the legal system’s being and its duty, which affects the French social organisation, especially when it comes to private international law. This has allowed us to stress the importance of the balance between the written and virtual aspects of private international law, and more than that, the impossibility of considering in absolutes the aim of creating written international public policies. On the other hand, we have brought to light the intrinsic rationality of virtual law, motivated in this case by a constructive approach initiated by the judge in service of the French legal system. The written nature of international public policies takes part in the edification of the Nation by preserving the most structuring rules for individuals within the territory of the forum. The second part of our study shows an existing psychological influence on the legal system as well as on international public policies’ operating and objectives. People’s motivational needs and the mechanisms, both conscious and unconscious, that drive their mental lives have an impact on international public policies’ aim. Once again, this was an opportunity to put into perspective the many functions of international public policies and to delve into their use in a contemporary legal context. Ultimately, it is through a multidisciplinary and eclectic approach that we have managed to bring to the surface the rationale behind international public policies’ functions, and its virtual characteristic
Chabbat, Bertrand Pinon Jean-Marie Ou-Halima Mohamed. "Modélisation multiparadigme de textes réglementaires." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=chabbat.
Full textFarzindar, Atefeh. "Résumé automatique de textes juridiques." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040032.
Full textWe have developed a summarization system, called LetSum, for producing short summaries for legal decisions. We have collaborated with the lawyers of the Public Law Research Center of Université de Montréal. Our method is based on the manual analysis of the judgments by comparing manually written summaries and source documents, which investigates the extraction of the most important units based on the identification of thematic structure of the document. The production of the summary is done in four steps:1. Thematic segmentation detects the thematic structure of a judgment. We distinguish seven themes: Decision data (gives the complete reference of the decision and the relation between the parties for planning the decision. ), Introduction (who? did what? to whom?), Context (recomposes the story from the facts and events), Submission (presents the point of view the parties), Issues (identifies the questions of law), Juridical Analysis (describes the analysis of the judge), Conclusion (the final decision of the court). 2. Filtering identifies parts of the text which can be eliminated, without losing relevant information for the summary, like the citations. 3. Selection builds a list of the best candidate units for each structural level of the summary. 4. Production chooses the units for the final summary and combines them in order to produce a summary of about 10% of the judgement. The evaluations of 120 summaries by 12 lawyers show the quality of summaries produced by LetSum, which are judgedexcellent
Négrin, Olivier. "L'application dans le temps des textes fiscaux." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32002.
Full textThe study of application in time of fiscal texts aims at defining all of the temporal conditions in the application of written norms of fiscal law. In an absolute perspective, this study consists in the determination in time of the reach of obligatory force of fiscal texts. In a relative perspective, this study aims at defining the conditions of conflict settlement in time of fiscal texts, whether these texts have a substantial or procedural nature
Chabbat, Bertrand. "Modélisation multiparadigme de textes réglementaires." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1997ISAL0118/these.pdf.
Full textThe topic of this thesis is the design of a model that is able to represent legal texts so that they can be handled by an organization for which legal texts are a raw material. The coordinated and consistent maintenance of the legal objects (texts and expert system rules) is the main goal of our study. The French Famdy Allowance National Fund (Cnaf) has supported this research work. First of all, we analyse the text flows from the parliament to the final users, and we highlight the specificities of these legal texts. Then, we propose a metamodel able to represent different kinds of semantic models for documents. We choose the SGML and HyTime norms and propose a logical paradigm defined by a logical modeling of legal texts relying on the specificities of these texts. We also propose another paradigm called indexing and information retrieval taking account of the semantics of information. To answer to the need of a coordinated maintenance for legal objects, we then propose a semantic paradigm defined by a semantic modeling (using SGML and HyTime) relying on the legal theories. This modeling enables the users to locate precisely inside the texts the expert system rules and predicates that are concerned by legislative changes. At last, we synthesize the whole in a multiparadigm modeling of legal texts
Prokopiak, Marie. "L'amélioration de la qualité rédactionnelle des textes législatifs. Approche comparée droit français - droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0116.
Full textThe criticism of the quality of drafting of legislation has been increasing since the 1980s. In many national legal systems as in the legal order of the European Union, authors and public authorities never stop denouncing the loss of normativity, the punctiliousness and the lack of clarity of legislation statement. In particular, the legal security is threatened, the effectiveness of the law is weakened and the equality of citizens before the law is compromised. The comparative study, justified by the close interlinking of the French legal system and that of the European Union, aims to provide a new and more global perspective on ways to address this recurring problem. The first means of improvement is the reform of all the techniques, methods and procedures that contribute to the preparation of legislation. This approach also finds a favorable response from the French and European judges, who reserve the right to sanction on the basis of similar legal arguments, the writing defects that affect the understanding of texts. The second, complementary, means of improvement is the clarification of existing legislation. As the material and intellectual access to it is becoming more and more complicated, its codification and, if required, its revision within the framework of an iterative process are being contemplated. Thus, the comparative study of French and European Union experiences outlines a model to better draft the legislation, which grows beyond the two legal systems. It is, however, not free of contradictions, deficiencies and pitfalls, therefore a Europe-wide reflexion on the underlying causes of the degradation of the quality of drafting of legislation needs to be undertaken
Héroguel, Armand. "Traduction de textes juridiques néerlandais et transfert culturel." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801299.
Full textRouski, Margarita. "Marqueurs lexicaux de modalités déontiques dans les textes du droit communautaire." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131016.
Full textThe development of a European judicial order based on shared values generates a European expression mode with its characteristic modulation of deontic norms by political aims. The political context in which Community speech develops reinforces the modalisation process in texts. Deontic modality, expressed through the lexicon, is rendered by predicative expressions, such as verbal, nominal and adjectival predicates. These are analysed with reference to predicate-argument theory, on the one hand, and the norm schema on the other. The drawing up of an argument schema appears to reveal secondary predicate relations. The identification of the normative schema makes it possible to isolate the deontic source, the deontic appreciation, the appreciated fact and the addressee of the normative provision. The very nature of subject and object arguments and their dependency relations with the predicate determine how the constituents of the normative provision can be expressed
Mhateli, Leila. "L'application erronée des textes par les autorités publiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32051.
Full textTardif, Alexandre. "Exploration de textes dans un corpus francophone de droit : le cas SOQUIJ." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5296.
Full textLalaoui, Sabrina. "L'appréciation juridictionnelle de la normativité des textes juridiques : Etude de droit public." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0670.
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Nipithakul, Thapanan. "Les sources du droit et du pouvoir politique au travers des anciens textes thaïlandais /." Toulouse : Presses de l'Université de Toulouse I sciences sociales, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41048739b.
Full textNipithakul, Thapanan. "Les sources du droit et du pouvoir politique au travers des anciens textes thai͏̈landais." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10024.
Full textThe Dharmasatra text, which heads the collection of Ancient Thai͏̈ laws, is a rare masterpiece of Siamese formal legal litterature. It reveals not only the political foundations of Siam before the 19th century but also the traditional legal concepts of a South-East Asian buddhist country. A double aim governs the orientation of this research work; to methodically place the text analysis in its correct social and historical context and intellectually to unraval the theoretical function of the text in the past of Siam. Also it is not uninteresting to demonstrate the intellectual heritage of legal tradition founded by Dharmasatra, especially during the modernisation period of the country in the 19th century
Narjis, Achraf. "Approche critique du code du travail marocain : difficultés d'application d'un texte." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0615.
Full textAfter 25 years of waiting, Morocco sees itself finally provided with a labour law. Its promulgation represents a notable projection in the regulation of the working relationships. Concerning this text, the legislator fixed himself for principal objectives the redynamisation of employment (through the reorganization of the labour market and the modernization of the working relationships) and the safeguarding of social peace. Accordingly, it made significant innovations, as well on the level of the individual relations as on the level of the collective relations of work. It is also necessary to greet the effort of conciliation deployed by the legislator who transformed the labour law into a true social pact marked by the adhesion of the various two sides of industry. However, the questions which arise relative for the new code remain many, complex and related to several branches of industry: which is the real contribution of the code? Is it adapted to social and economic realities of the country? Is it ready to reconcile the antagonistic claims of the two sides of industry? It is also necessary to stress that the fact that the promulgation of this text is recent increases the difficulty of judgement. Nevertheless, it should be announced that the code introduced many mechanisms tending to modernize the working relationships although many gaps can be raised concerning the elaboration and application of the text. We will announce finally that additional efforts must be provided to guarantee the success of the code: popularisation of the text, evolution of mentalities, reforms administration and justice. . .
Watai, Yoko. "Les maisons néo-babyloniennes d'après la documentation textuelle." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010587.
Full textStylianoudi, Maria-Georgia. "Droit et société en Ethiopie médiévale ser'ata mangest analyse sémiotique d'un texte juridique éthiopien." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375943941.
Full textTaleb, Fadila. "L'argumentation judiciaire à travers le prisme des scénarios modaux : application pour une aide à l'interprétation des décisions de justice." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR096.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis is a part of the general framework of work on digital humanities that seeks, among other things, to contribute to the improvement of human-machine interactions.The objective of the study is twofold. Firstly, it is about studying a corpus of court decisions contained in the database of the International Transport Law Institute (IDIT) in order to determine the linguistic constraints of the judicial kind. Secondly, it is a matter of proposing interpretative paths that can help users to access to the legal information they are looking for. The issue of the interpretation assistance is seen through the study of the modalities and modal scenarios. The bias of this research is to consider multidisciplinarity as a theoretical and methodological asset that contributes to a better understanding of the issue of the interpretation assistance. As a result, several approaches (semantics of modalities, textual semantics, rhetorical argumentation, textometry) are called and articulated to work together towards the objectives set. The analysis of the corpus was conducted at two levels and in two approaches. In the first part, the empirical analysis proposed is quantitative and contrasting. It is conducted at the micro and mesotexual level as it focuses on the study of the lexicon. Based on the TXM tool, this first investigation allowed a comprehensive linguistic characterization of the corpus and an initial overview of its modal profile. It also highlighted modal expressions, concessional constructions, patterns, etc. which focus on key moments in the argumentative process and can therefore be used in the context of the interpretation assistance. In the second part, the empirical study focuses on modal analyses realized on complete texts. It is therefore treated in a qualitative and macrotextual approach. This analysis leads to the formulation of a carefully described scenario model. It can be divided into several levels, depending on how it has been constructed (foreground modalities, background modalities) and whether it characterizes a full text or a specific area of this text. Furthermore, the proposed schematic presentation for the scenarios highlighted the role that each modal zone would play in providing the interpretation assistance
Agoun, Perpère Fatma. "Les Noirs dans les textes maghrébins." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040029.
Full textThe North African (Maghrebin) society symbolizes the image of the Black man as an absolute alterity ; a highly pejorative alterity. In a general sense and regardless of the subject (literature, linguistics, philosophy, sociology or history), this negative image imbues the texts that concern Blacks. Interdisciplinary analyses of these texts allow one to discover the discursive and literary procedures that facilitate the diffusion of this degraded ideological representation. Forged and promoted by past and present social discourse, the representation of Black alterity is rooted in the underpinnings of cultural transmission: from the classical period on, erudite texts justifying the legitimizing of slavery or denigrating the Black population; dictionaries presenting words from the Arabic language which conserve traces of the pejorative image of Blacks; texts from folk-lore that illustrate clichés and stereotypes of Blacks; and finally, the French texts which scarcely offer much of a difference in cultural imagery because they function by integrating these prejudicial social representations. All of these reflect a collective imagination concerning the "Other"
Kadiri-Idoumghar, Hajar Allemand Roselyne. "Les enlèvements internationaux d'enfants 25 ans après la convention de La Haye du 25 octobre 1980 sur les aspects civils de l'enlèvement d'enfants : texte imprimé /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2006/Kadiri_Idoumghar.Hajar.DMZ0601.pdf.
Full textTibi, Zeina el. "La condition de la femme dans l'Islam entre le texte et la pratique." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN0001.
Full textAmong all the incomprehension factors plaguing Islam, the status of women occupies a significant part. This issue is an inexhaustible source of controversy. It is mostly the conservative or extremist drifts that led to Muslim women being placed at the centre of a debate in which Islam is placed in the dock. It is quite ironic in that this religion actually marked a genuine progress in the status of women. It is therefore essential to recall that the basic texts, beginning with the Quran, are clear about this. Through their analysis, we discover that Islam is in no way hostile to women. But it is equally undeniable that a gap exists between the teachings of Islam and their practice, the customs that were formed often against the sacred texts. The current issue met by the Islamic world is the opposition between rigid conservatism (tâqlid) and dynamic reformism, that is to say, the effort to adjust (ijtihâd). This opposition is particularly pronounced when dealing with the status of women. All the more so when extremist ideologies are being added to routine conservatism while reformists are making the issue of women a priority. The purpose of this thesis is to confront the conservative or extremist drifts to the essential texts of Islam in order to demonstrate that the issue is not the existence of a false opposition between this religion and some Western concepts, but the reformist return to the exact reading of the texts to continue the effort to adapt, al ijtihâd, which is the principle of movement in the structure of Islam
Chamsine, Chirine. "Les contraintes culturelles dans la traduction des textes de portée internationale : le cas du droit international humanitaire." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1623.
Full textThis study explores the problem of humanitarian translation-mediation and is centered around two main axes, namely the human universalism and cultural particularism. The humanitarian message universality, which is based on the unity of the human nature, faces cultural differences which affect the translation understanding and reception. And it is precisely according to identity and cultural characteristics that people give sense to the world they perceive and with which they interact. Based on the paradigm of a text cultural interpretative theory, this work examines the correlation between languages, representations, emotions and cultures. From a corpus combining specialized and general texts in the humanitarian field, a terminological and traductological analysis highlights the interferences between the political, religious, legal, social and humanitarian domains. By following the semantic and conceptual evolution of terms and expressions within their own culture and their passage in the target culture, the analysis reveals the correlation between meaning and local anchors expressed in the language and culture of each. The object of the research is to identify approaches to conceive the universality of human rights in the diversity and plurality of logics through the dialogue of cultures in which translation serves to establish an intercultural communication between two visions of the world
Lame, Guiraude. "Construction d'ontologie à partir de textes : une ontologie du droit dédiée à la recherche d'informations sur le Web." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1157.
Full textGémar, Jean-Claude. "Fonctions de la traduction en milieu bilingue et langage du droit au Canada : traduire ou l'interprétation du texte." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20091.
Full textTranslation is examined as a historical phenomenon, though from a perspective both interdisciplinary and functional. When translating from one language into another, the translator mainly seeks to establish communication. Canada, being a living language lab, represents an outstanding field for research. There, two "spirits of the law" have been in contact for centuries, with unexpected consequences, due in part to translation. In this process, legal translation has played a prominent part, notably in helping to promote the french language. Translation fulfills universal functions, such as doing, thinking, transmitting. For this reason, the translation scholar may confront his analyses with epistemological considerations and propose a theoretical approach to translating based on text interpretation. Embedded in words and their meaning, which the translator seeks to construe and revive, lies a language ethic of sorts, as well as an aesthetic drive. This would tend to reveal the ambivalent nature of language, a system that is both cultural and organic, and the essence of translation, which is truly anthropological
Roloff, Julia. "Sozialer Wandel durch deliberative Prozesse : die Einführung von Sozialstandards in marokkanischen Textilunternehmen /." Marburg : Metropolis-Verl, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410205263.
Full textTassinari, Carlo Andrea. "Les nouvelles frontières du développement : l'idéologie durable, une analyse sémiotique des textes onusiens." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20108.
Full textThis work provide a semiotic analysis on the evolution of international environmental law based on the concept of sustainable development as United Nations define it in the EarthSummit. In order to do so, the thesis organize the corpus of the Earth Summit records following the idea that they are bound together by a coherent strategy which deploys from 1972 to 2012, and found a typology of ONU's documents, encompassing directive and normative discourse. In the firs part, the work elaborate on the necessity of the semiotic account for a better understanding of both legal discourse and ecological tensions, which are both takled as practices of meaning construction. The second part provides a state of the art of the juridical semiotics, with particular emphasis to the problem of ideology in legal texts. Building on that, it elaborates on models for diachronic analysis and for the individualization of emerging tendencies in law. Starting from the concept of « discursive formation » by Foucault, it discuss the idea of « juridical formations » in the framework of a semiotic of « semiotic formations ». Finally, in the third part, th work provides a diachronic analysis of the way the concept of « sustainable development » has influenced United Nation legal production, as well as of how the ideological bias that impede the translation of the concept of « sustainable development » in effective legal rules. In conclusion, we will sketch the semantics paths that sustainable ideology didn't thematize, narrowed by the semiotic constraints that defines it : sustainable development maintains an idea of environmental law as a strategy to take economical advantage from limitation of pollution, new technology development and green economy, in brief, of object that we can dispose of. The juridical construction of an international market of environmental ethics thus opposes the idea of an ecological catastrophe by the identification of economic growth and ecological purposes : that’s precisely the ideological orientation defined as « durable » (« sustainable ») ideology. This perspective totally ignores the raising of a minor discourse which recongnizes that ecological objects have "interests", intertwined with the human ones, and that can be legally recognized seeking a mediations between humans and non-human actors in a project of cohabitation that has yet to be found
Bezemer, C. H. "Les Répétitions de Jacques de Révigny : recherches sur la répétition comme forme d'enseignement juridique et comme genre littéraire, suivies d'un inventaire des textes /." Leiden : E.J. Brill : Universitaire pers Leiden, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349610468.
Full textChraïbi, Sylvie. "La traduction vers l'arabe des textes relatifs aux droits humains : perspectives historiques du 19ème siècle à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030094/document.
Full textAssessing the extreme profusion of legal and journalistic texts dealing with human rights in Arabic, the aim of this thesis is to retrace the history of those texts‟ translation and to highlight on the most important phasis of its evolution, at terminological, phraseological and ideological levels. This research has made us go back to nineteenth century Arab modernist intellectuals‟ productions. We recalled in Chapter 1 to the both historical and discursive contexts in which the concept of human rights was born. Then, we have presented a detailed description of the translations of three representative texts: the translations of the 1814 French Constitutional Charter by Rifâ„a Râfi „ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Human being and the Citizen (DDHC) by Farah Antûn (1874-1922) and of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations translation services. Chapter 2 demonstrates that the translated texts always denote elements of contradiction or at least some contention between, on the one hand, the ideological motives at the heart of the drafting of the original texts and, on the other hand, the intellectual purposes of the translators. And in such context, Chapter 3 sticks to this point focusing this time on three translations of texts related to the same field but belonging to different genres: a political speech ("A new beginning", Barack Obama), a feature article (Human Rights Watch) and an extract from a survey(Amnesty International). We have highlighted the very complexity inherent to the status of translators of texts dealing with human rights. They, on the one hand, have to be conversant with linguistics, terminological and notional knowledge and, on the other hand, have to keep to traductive strategies (lexical and phraseological choices) in order not to misrepresent the designs of the source text (political, activist, informative ...)
Tremblay, Christian. "L' apport de la modélisation des connaissances à la codification et à la simplification des textes normatifs : Analyse sémantico-syntaxique des textes normatifs ou la linguistique générale au service du droit." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020115.
Full textTorrellas, Castillo Manuel. "Les interférences linguistiques dans les textes en espagnol des institutions de l'union européenne : étude fondée sur le corpus bilingue massif aligné de l'acquis communautaire." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT5019.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation is devoted to the study of the various types of linguistic interference which occur in texts translated into Spanish by the European institutions. To this end a French-Spanish bilingual corpus of more than 200 million words, derived from the Acquis corpus, was compiled and aligned thanks to Perl and to Alinea, an automatic alignment program. The eurolectal interferences analyzed have an impact on the grammar as well as the lexicon and collocations, and also on the use of prepositions, noun phrase determination and verb phrase construction. Such interferences have become one of the paths of the penetration of neology into the professional language of law, and percolate to the common language through a process of lexical “communalisation”
Van, Staëvel Jean-Pierre. "Droit mālikite et habitat à Tunis au XIVe siècle : conflits de voisinage et normes juridiques, d'après le texte du maître-maçon Ibn al-Rāmī /." Le Caire : [Paris] : Institut français d'archéologie orientale ; [diff. AFPU], 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414226496.
Full textBibliogr. p. 594-642. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Susana, Valérie. "Droits de l'homme et communicabilité : étude textologique de la Déclaration universelle." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030130.
Full textSoetermeer, Frank. "De pecia in juridische handschriften ... /." Utrecht : Elinkwijk, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369563916.
Full textYang, Ning. "Etudes des textes sino-européens sur les médicaments traditionnels à base de plantes." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30037/document.
Full textIn the recent three decades, with the increase of side effects of synthetic drugs, attention to traditional herbal medicines has been paid again and given a clear legal definition by the directive 2004/24/EC. In this thesis, we are making a comparative study: first on the Chinese-European texts on the quality control of vegetal raw material in the fields of production and international trade, then on the Chinese-European on the quality control, the security and effectiveness of traditional herbes-Made medicine as products. Although Chinese and European tradition herbal medicine regulations all mainly aim at protecting public health, and strictly controlling the quality, safety and efficacy of such medicines, there are big difference for traditional herbal medicine regulations between China and the EU due to difference of the history, culture and traditions in the pharmaceutical industry and the legal system. For a long period of time, coordination between the two will remain difficult
Mzoughi, Nabil. "Etude prospective du secteur de la communication externe en France : Texte imprimé." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10003.
Full textSaadaoui, Lotfi. "Les modes de construction au Maghreb médiéval d'après la pratique et les textes juridiques." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4006.
Full textThe legal malékites sources of medieval period bring many information relative to the constructions. But what is their relevance confronted with the techniques of construction and with the archeological realities ? Our work tries to answer this question. A preliminary research on the construction of the legal rules revealed the existence of difference of view within the rite malékite. We are then attached to study the various constructive elements quoted in sources by confronting ceaselessly legal texts and material testimonies. Walls, openings and materials constitute an important part of our work which was also attached to the recommendations relative to the work hydraulics and in the management of waste water. So, through the legal sources and archeological observations it is a new image of the urban organization of the medieval Maghreb that is so proposed
Liczner, Aleksandra. "Une contribution à l'amélioration des ressources terminographiques : étude terminologique fondée sur un corpus de textes de spécialité du domaine du droit de l'internet." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2089/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to propose a holistic description of terminological units in the field of Internet law, based on a hybrid model that reflectis both the linguistic and the conceptual dimension of terms. To be more precise, this model aims to point out the lexical-semantic relationships and conceptual links that those terms maintain with other terminological and lexical units belonging to the Internet law vocabulary, by studying their behavior in the discursive universe. The project (which we call DITerm) is part of a descriptive approach whose ambition is to explain observed usage in the specialized language at hand. The model was created using acorpus made up of legal texts which totals about 5 000,000 words. The model will be used as the basis for the conception of a specialized encoding dictionary. This dictionary is intended for translators with French language as their working language. The term, as it is viewed in this study, is a multi-dimensional unity which should be considered from many angles. Its description is hence based on the analysis of its lexical, conceptual and contextual relationships which is widely inspired by lexicographical models. Thetheoretical background of the DITerm project is Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology, the lexicological component of Meaning-Text Theory (Mel’čuk et al. 1995). We also draw inspiration from the frame theory and its different applications (Minsky’s Frame System Theory,Fillmore’s Frame Semantics). The methodology adopted in this project fits into the framework of corpus linguistics (Sinclair).The DITerm model proposes to describe each term as the center of a constellation around which several coordinated terms gravitate, creating what Cornu (2002) calls operational families. In order to model the relationships the term shares with the units which tend to appear in its contextual universe, we rely on several explicit formulas based on a broadly comprehensible metalanguage. This formalism, which is based on paraphrase, correlates partly with the popularization of the lexical functions. On the other hand, it has the advantage of adapting to the representation of conceptual links. In addition, the description is enriched by the implementation of an annotation model of the contexts in which the terms occur, which makes it possible to account for indirect links that are maintained by terms. This annotation model is an application of the FrameNet methodology
Yang, Chi-Lan. "Etude linguistique des documents officiels de la fin des Ming (XVIIème siècle) à l'époque moderne : classification et analyse textuelle, syntaxique et sémantique." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0344.
Full text1. The three categories : shangxingwen (sxw) "documents addressed to superior" , xiaxingwen (xxw) "documents addressed to subordinate" , and pingxingwen (pxw) "documents addressed to equal", have been playing a significant role in official documents of chinese administration. In essence, the classes and the language of official documents are strongly correlated. 2. The goal of the research is too-fold : typologic and linguistic
KOUTSIVITIS, VASSILIOS. "La traduction juridique. Etude d'un cas : la traduction des textes legislatifs des communautes europeennes, et en particulier a partir du francais vers le grec." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030055.
Full textThis thesis attempts to demonstrate that the translation of legislative texts of the european community, particularly from french into greek, is a process which follows the fundamental principles of translation in general and of legal translation in particular. However, this process is characterized by certain specific features which stem from : a) the nature of the texts - normative character, multilingual compo- sition, three-dimensional structure : standard forms, technical terms, free text -; b) particular traits of the source & target language in question, which are both languages for special purposes, with the added problem of the existence of two varieties of greek. This process materializes in three distinct manners, to wit, the transcoding of standardized forms, the rigorous transposition of technical terms and the interpretation of free text. Despite their exter- nal differences, the common denominator of all three procedures is what constitutes the essence of translation in all its forms, that is, the transfer of meaning in its entirety
El, Hussein Sawsan. "La sécurité et l'efficacité des produits dermo-cosmétiques : la réalité et la législation internationale." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA3705.
Full textNowadays, the use of dermo-cosmetic products by human beings is essential. Many persons, especially women, use frequently cosmetics due to the cult of physical appearance and the importance of the look. A consumer is interested in two criteria when buying a cosmetic product : the efficacy of the product and its security during short or long periods. - The aim of our work was to protect the consumer by proposing methods to assure effective and safe cosmetics. This work is divided in three parts : [1] A comparison between different techniques of skin relief quantification (in vitro and in vivo) : we have verified the sensibility of some methods used in the evaluation of cosmetics efficacy. [2] A percutaneous study : we have evaluated the cutaneous passage, across epidermis-dermis layers of risky molecules : parabens. [3] A comparison between intemational legislations and real use of cosmetics by consumers nowadays
Machado, Gaglianone José Luiz. "La psychose dans le texte psychanalytique : avec Freud et Lacan." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081745.
Full textCejudo, Napoles Mayra. "Le développement de la compétence de compréhension de lecture de textes juridiques : les stratègies des étudiants de la faculté de droit de l'université de La Havane." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN21020/document.
Full textNo summary in english
Actualmente asistimos a una evolución de los objetivos en la formación universitaria hacia el desarrollo de competencias profesionales, para responder a la compleja realidad del mundo del trabajo. Esto implica una transformación de los procesos de aprendizaje y de enseñanza de las lenguas extranjeras. En la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de La Habana, los textos de especialidad ocupan un lugar esencial en la formación profesional por lo que, entre las competencias que serán útiles a los estudiantes para sus futuras situaciones profesionales se encuentra la competencia que garantiza una correcta comprensión de dichos textos. Es en este contexto, que nos interesamos por el logro del desarrollo de dicha competencia de comprensión lectura de los textos de especialidad por parte de los estudiantes como competencia profesional. Para lograrlo deberán desarrollar las estrategias que facilitan la comprensión de lectura de los códigos, de las leyes, de las sentencias, etc. Con este objetivo proponemos la integración gradual de esta formación en estrategias, en los contenidos de los programas de la Disciplina de Idioma Extranjero Francés, lo cual constituye una novedad en el campo de la didáctica de las lenguas extranjeras. Otra dimensión innovadora de esta evolución es la consideración del estudiante como centro del proceso de aprendizaje teniendo en cuenta sus características propias de manera que se sienta responsable de dicho aprendizaje hasta llegar a convertirse en un lector autónomo. Por último, teniendo en cuenta la presencia de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en el mundo del trabajo, consideramos la incorporación de las mismas en las clases como un medio de apoyo en este nuevo enfoque
Parvaz, Ahmad Bénédicte. "Production de ressources multilingues pour l'aide à la traduction du droit pénal en hindi, ourdou et français." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0017.
Full textIs it possible to reconcile the need for language assistance to all non-French speakers with the lack of standardized language resources for translating combinations of languages which are genetically and culturally remote? This is the issue raised by Hindi and Urdu translation in France, in the judicial context. Hindi and Urdu are sister languages spoken in India and Pakistan. They have remote links with French. The judicial systems in which they are used come from the British colonial heritage based upon common law. Through the analysis of a corpus of various documents, this work is aimed at producing terms and phraseological resources in order to assist the translator-interpreter in finding out translation equivalences between languages. First, we will explore the differences between the three countries’ judiciaries, as well as the status of the Hindi, Urdu and French languages. Then, we will study the judicial proceedings in all three countries and examine how they are embedded into text genres. We will see to what extent their lexicons and phraseologies are adapted for non-specialists. Eventually, we will propose a method for term extraction and sub-corpus alignment in order to stress term or translation equivalences between these languages in the judicial genre. This work, which sheds light on the relations between text, words and context, provides actual field-specific resources for judicial translation and interpretation professionals
Grangé, Ninon Manin Bernard Senellart Michel. "La cité en guerre : crises, transgressions, limites l'identité politique dans les tentatives philosophiques pour définir la guerre, de Héraclite à Carl Schmitt /." [S.l.] : [s.n], 2003. http://w4.ens-lsh.fr/e-textes/notice.xsp?id=theses.2003.grange-n-principal&id_doc=theses.2003.grange-n&isid=theses.2003.grange-n&base=documents&dn=1.
Full textAdyel, Abdelkrim. "Le connaissement : instrument du crédit documentaire : théorie générale,problématiques juridiques et applications jurisprudentielles : au regard des droits positifs marocains et français et des textes internationaux." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0963.
Full textBeldjerd, Hanaa. "Traduction en arabe des textes juridiques à vocation internationale : le cas de la Charte des Nations Unies." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H021.
Full textIn the 20th century, the world powers that came out victorious from the Second World Warhave established a new international institution : the United Nations. The Charter of the United Nations, the constitutive text of the United Nations, was signed in the end of the United Nations Conference and took effect on the 24th of October 1945.Following the adoption of the General Assembly Resolution 3190 (XXVIII) on the 18th of December 1973, Arabic became an official language of the United Nations. The UN Charterwas translated into Arabic, that is there was a process of ta’rib of the Charter (the process of translating any language-culture source into Arabic is called ta‘rīb). The internationalisation of the law have greatly increased the need to ta‘rīb in the United Nations, and ta‘rīb is becoming an important instrument in international communication. Translation studies, the principal field of legal translation, is called to account for specific features of institutionaltranslation, particularly ta‘rīb of the United Nations Charter between two different cultural spaces linked to the language-culture source expressed in English and French and the language-culture target, Arabic. We can thus formulate our central question : How to ta‘rīb(translate into Arabic) the Charter of the United Nations between two different cultural spaces ? In this research we will discuss specific features of institutional translation by especially focusing on ta‘rīb in United Nations. This will first bring us to question the process of translation into Arabic on which the conception of ta‘rīb of international legal texts is based, which will lead to the the practice of translating into Arabic in the institution. We willthen show how the United Nations Charter is translated into Arabic in the United Nations,which will then allow us, in a third moment, to highlight the necessary tools for a translator into arabic, mu‘arrib, in the international institution in order to improve the quality of ta‘rībof international legal texts in the United Nations. And, finally, we will explore new solutions for ta‘rīb of international legal texts, particularly ta‘rīb of the Charter of the United Nations
Damerjian, Vera. "La caractérisation du speckle sur des images échocardiographiques afin de définir des indices diagnostiques de l'amylose cardiaque et personnaliser un modèle numérique du coeur." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1035.
Full textLeft-Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) is currently detected through echocardiography. The latter imaging modality provides anatomical and functional information. However, it does not allow the determination of the HVG etiology. This can, in turn, lead to dangerous errors in the diagnosis and treatment planning of the disease. LVH pathologies are separated into two categories:- Hypertrophic pathology caused by the structural and functional modification of cardiomyocytes that lead to cardiac failure related, for example, to arterial hypertension problems, aortic narrowing or sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathies.- Infiltrative pathologies corresponding to protein deposits on the extracellular matrix, mainly due to different forms of cardiac amyloidosisOur hypothesis is that different physiopathological mechanisms (hypertrophic or infiltrative) can be translated in the image through properties specific to echographic speckle. We have therefore developed the work of texture analysis of such images in order to discriminate the different types of LVH.In this study, the database of 4795 images is divided into a learning database of 3770 images and another testing database of 1025 images. The textural analysis of these images is done using Gabor wavelets with 8 orientations, 7 sizes and 5 decomposition levels. Next, the statistical characteristics of first and second orders are extracted from the filtered images. The number of characteristics is reduced for the learning database by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for a supervised separation of the classes. The extracted characteristics for the test database are projected on the eigenvectors selected in the learning step. LDA is applied at this level for the test data classification, and the quality of this classification is evaluated. The obtained results are good (total classification quality of 95.51%). A step of cross-validation follows in order to verify the robustness of our method. At this stage, the learning and testing databases are mixed, and 50 different combinations are evaluated. The same method described previously is then applied. The cross-validation shows a variation in the classification quality (between 30% and 99.96%) probably due to the heterogeneity of the texture characteristics for the patients of the same class explained by different disease advancement stages.This work shows that the textural analysis of echocardiographic images can permit the determination of bio-markers suitable to discriminate different LVH cardiopathies. Our results can have a very important impact on the early detection of cardiac amyloidosis, a pathology causing a considerable rate of mortality often due to a belated diagnosis and support by the centers of expertise
Boucher, Éliane. "Mobiliser les connaissances en linguistique dans la recherche de l’intelligibilité du texte de loi : l’exemple de la structure de la phrase comme outil pour favoriser l’accès à la justice pour tous." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40501.
Full textAlhaj, Samaher. "Les activités féminines en Mésopotamie au Bronze Moyen et Récent d'après les textes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2004.
Full textIn Mesopotamia, as in most ancient civilizations, women are generally under the tutelage of a man (husband, father, brother) who ensures his protection and his place in society. There are exceptional cases, such as religious or widows. In such cases, codes of laws and contracts (including wills) have often provided for special provisions that give women legal autonomy and livelihoods. In the Old Babylonian period, in Sippar, the archives of the nadītum nuns depict a situation that seems exceptional, since they possess land. These nuns, devoted to the god Šamaš, are not allowed to marry and to bear children. On the one hand, they must be able to provide for themselves, the renting of their land securing to them a part of their income; On the other hand, at their death, their immovable property belongs to the men of their family or to a niece. In the Old Assyrian period, the correspondence of Assyrian merchants with women highlights the status of women in the family and their activities: some women are involved in the manufacture of beer as well as in the making of fabrics. The women of Emar and Nuzi, in the second half of the second millennium BC, are regularly lying on wills alongside male heirs. A man can give in his will to his wife and daughter a male legal status so that they gain access to the inheritance. When we examine the various activities of women, we find that they are absent from many essentially masculine occupations (soldiers, judges) but they often share with men in economic and financial responsibilities and manage home and personal who is part of it in the absence of their husbands. Some trades such as weaving cloths or the nurse and the beer trade seem to have been female specialties
Michel, Charles. "Les îles Eparses [Texte imprimé] : un avenir à inventer : étude géopolitique de l'espace constitué par les îles Europa, Bassas da India, Juan de Nova, les Glorieuses et Tromelin." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00488929.
Full textAl, Haj Diab Lamis. "Essai sur l'interprétation : l'interprétation au service de l'équité contractuelle : étude comparée franco-libanaise." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020033.
Full textThe concept of the theory of interpretation has been always based on the distinction between the clear contractual texts and the ambiguous contractual texts. The ambiguous texts are interpreted freely by the judges on merits whereas the interpretation of the clear texts is considered as a denaturation and a cause to claim cassation. However, this classic concept of the theory of interpretation seams disputable. As the difference in the interpretation of the clear and ambiguous texts is not justified by legal texts, we suggest to drop out this distinction and to give the judges the absolute authority to interpret all texts. Besides, the interpretation of contracts is governed by three rules: the declaration of the real common intention of the contracting parties rather than paying attention to the literal meaning of the terms, the protection of the weak party and the completion of the intention of the parties. The interpretation theory leads to the application of the equity which prevails over the completion rules. The judges will initially ascertain the “original subjective equity”. If not applicable, they will then establish the “subjective completive equity” depending on the contractual will, or the “objective completive equity” based on the reasonable conception of the society. The interpretation theory favors the contractual equity. It contributes to preserve the subjective contractual equity and creates an objective contractual equity. Several legal concepts constitute a genuine application of our understanding of the theory of interpretation, such as the interdiction of using a contractual right contrary to the reason created for, the abandonment of the fake apparent act in order to apply the real unrevealed one, and the addition of obligations to some contracts. In parallel, new applications are suggested. The theory of interpretation may complete the notion of cause, handle the problem of the unforeseen circumstances and permit to revise the imbalanced contracts