Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Droit public des affaires'
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Chabirand, Sébastien. "L'interprétation du droit pénal des affaires et les papiers commerciaux." Nancy 2, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/BUD_T_2001_0018_CHABIRAND.pdf.
Full textLeclerc, Françoise. "Recherche sur les pratiques administratives : un exemple, les ministères chargés des affaires sociales : organisation et fonctions." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010260.
Full textBeaurez, Patricia. "L'activité bancaire à l'épreuve de la notion de service public." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF10261.
Full textThe law regarding banking status contains elements of public law, even though most of the banking sector belongs to the private sector. These elements may include a highly controversial aspect - that of public service, the idea of public service lying in the execution of certain bank transactions. The community notion of a service of general economic interest or that of a universal service, often presented as a basic service, aims to ensure the "guarantee of a minimum public service defined at a certain level of quality for every user at an affordable price". In banking terms, this purpose of a universal service means, in fact, access to basic banking services
Gnimpieba, Tonnang Édouard. "Droit matériel et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique centrale : contribution à l'études des mutations récentes du marché intérieur et du droit de la concurrence CEMAC." Nice, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441405.
Full textKounde, Dédji. "Les actes uniformes de l'OHADA et la croissance économique des états d'Afrique de la zone franc." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0640.
Full textThe uniform acts, new business law applicable in sixteen (16) Africa States, enter into force progressly from 1998. They are to serve economic growth in the States members of the Organization of Business Law in Africa. This study help to discover theoreticaly and praticatily their real power to satisfy the purpose. Are the innovations in OHADA law able to improve economics in Africa? Many elements as africa's tradition, corruption, mondialization, OHADA as an example of regional integration have be taken into account in analysis. Economic indicators before and after enter in force of OHADA business law are disponible. Comparating them show us a result. But it is important to not forget that other parameters intervene in economic growth. At last, we know from now on that if the economic growth in the period after application of OHADA law is better or no than in the previous period
Mouthieu, Monique Aimée. "L'intérêt social, en droit des sociétés /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414751127.
Full textPejo, Philippe. "La diplomatie parlementaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS532.
Full textOriginal concept related to a contemporary practice of parliamentary action, the parliamentary diplomacy strengthens skillfully classical diplomacy, the regal skill of state executive branch officials. Justifying its legal basis on public law in general and particularly on parliamentary law, parliamentary diplomacy devotes increasing internationalization of parliamentary activity and provides effective support to the democratization of the international scene
Adji, Ibrahim. "La protection des biens des entreprises publiques : étude comparée entre le droit français et le droit nigérien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0154.
Full textPublic enterprises appeared in France and Niger to support the economic activities of the state, and their primary purpose was to expand and consolidate the public sector. They materialized the action of a commercial State. For this reason, they have always benefited from a special regime, which has resulted in the protection of their assets. Over time, their activities have evolved. The maintenance of privileges for structures that are increasingly similar to private market actors has led to a condemnation of the legitimacy of this protection. Criticism of the protection regimes for public enterprises has gradually turned into a questioning of the existence of public enterprises. However, even if the question of the disappearance of these structures has arisen, they must be maintained in the legal and economic landscape, because of the missions they accomplish. For this to happen, their protection regimes must evolve. They seem to be in discordance with the current era. The present research considers these different elements in order to propose a new protection regime for public enterprises. Indeed, the evolution of the protection will depend, in part, on the sustainability of public enterprises
Kenfack, Douajni Gaston. "L'arbitrage dans le système OHADA." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010263.
Full textGarinot, Jean-Marie. "Le secret des affaires." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOD007.
Full textDespite its practical relevance, business secrecy remains barely recognized under French law. Even if various texts refer to that concept, it cannot be considered as a legal concept under French law. In order to face the defects of our law, courts are bound to apply ordinary law to guarantee the protection of sensitive business information. However, applying article 1382 of the French civil code (torts) as well as referring to the concepts of robbery or handling (criminal law) are inappropriate solutions. Nevertheless, some foreign legal systems have demonstrated that protecting business secrecy was necessary. Therefore, our study will seek the grounds of that need for protection. Protecting confidential data, although justified, must be compatible with other key principles: individual rights to information, civil trial practice standards, financial transparency or freedom of work. Thus, the purpose of that study is to delimitate the concept of business secrecy before suggesting new measures to protect it while preserving third parties beneficiaries
Eyeghe, Minko Sébastien. "Recherche sur l'amélioration des délais de paiement dans la commande publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0100.
Full textThe execution of public expenditure is strictly regulated. While respecting this framework, reforms have been carried out over time in terms of public procurement in order to provide responses to the difficulties that co-contractors of the Administration may sometimes encounter during the execution phase (progressive reduction of the regulatory deadline for payment, right to default interest in the event of delays, legislation on advances and deposits, etc.). However, recent studies seem to highlight the limits of these developments, in particular when the co-contractor is a small or medium-sized company. So much so that this thesis proposes a transformation of the execution of public expenditure in the field of public procurement
Djiguemdé, Wendkouni Judicaël. "L'aménagement conventionnel de la société commerciale en droit français et en droit OHADA." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0345/document.
Full textAny legislation concerning economic matters is expected to be flexible and adaptedto the evolution of business. Company law in the OHADA (Harmonizing Business Law inAfrica Organization) as well as French company law, cannot be excluded from this principal.Although it was very strict to begin with, and characterized by omnipresent public order,company law in the OHADA was caught up by the contractualization movement whichappeared in France in the 1990s. Contract law turned out to be a perfect means forpractitioners to bring flexibility to company law. Contracting adjustments, companyconventions or even shareholder agreements enable shareholders to adapt their legal companyrules to their economic needs. Transferring titles, voting partners, ensuring the power ofrepresentation inside the company, or settling disagreements, are some examples amongst thevariety of situations where the contracting freedom of partners can be seen. Despite therigorous characteristic of French and OHADA company law, this study puts forward theimportance of spaces of freedom that partners can use. These shareholders agreements, eitherstatutory or extra statutory, will be dependent on precise validity criteria. Consequently, theefficiency of these adjustments will mainly depend on the sanction implemented when one ofthe parties does not execute the required obligation. The strength of both the practice andFrench case law will enable to test the proposals set down by the OHADA legislator.Therefore this study will contribute to the development of an adapted judicial system whichwill permit to secure these contracting agreements, as signs of the contractualization ofcompany law
Doukkali, Narjisse. "La stratégie juridique du portage de titres en droit des sociétés : Quelle a été l’évolution de la pratique du portage de titres en droit français ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0044.
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Andre, Stanislas. "L'harmonisation de la représentation d'intêret au Parlement." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0034/document.
Full textFor a long time, despite the stakes, neither the National Assembly nor the Senate regulated the exercise of the representation of interests within them. This lack of regulation did not mean that lobbying was conducted outside of any legal framework. Article 27 of the Constitution provides that "any imperative mandate is void" while the new Penal Code sanctions breaches of probity. At the same time, public relations companies in search of a better image have decided to draft their own ethical charters. Since then, the situation has changed. From now on, the National Assembly and the Senate regulate the activities of lobbying. While these regulations have the merit of existing, they remain insufficient. Indeed, the mechanisms in force have not made it possible to achieve the expected objectives. Therefore, an evolution and a harmonization of the regulations seem essential. The subject of my thesis would be the elaboration of a common system and a new register which would be compulsory and would present a more detailed typology of the representatives of interests to the two chambers of Parliament, local authorities, public administrations and to departments where opportunities for influence remain important
Tshiyombo, Kalonji Louis. "Le droit uniforme OHADA et l'interconnexion des marchés financiers en Afrique Subsaharienne : contribution à la construction d'un droit financier africain de développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1046.
Full textEven if the OHADA, through the Uniform Act on the commercial companies and economic interest groups (AUSC), regulates certain aspects of the finance law (Bonds, shares, public offering), it is necessary to recognize that this legal discipline escapes to a large extent the work of harmonization of the OHADA legislator. The logical consequence of this situation is the weak implication of the OHADA unified law in the interconnection of the financial markets of its space, the rule of financial markets being mainly taken care by the CEMAC and the UEMOA. So, given that all the member states of these two organizations are also members of the OHADA and given that this last one has a continental vocation and a specific object, the integration of the business law, it is desirable that the OHADA plays a more dominating role in finance law. The ideal solution is to see the OHADA registering the finance law among the subjects of the domain of the business law and therefore adopt a uniform act on the finance law. Nevertheless, to avoid any overlapping of competence with the other legislators of the zone, the cooperation and the dialogue must be privileged
Winckelmuller, Florie. "La mutation de la mise en état des affaires pénales à l'épreuve des droits européens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA030/document.
Full textBeyond the inconstancy which defines the pre-trial phase of proceedings, it is characterised by its metamorphosis. Because of the multiplication of ways of dealing with delinquency and the increasing possibilities of police inquiry, the pre-trial phase of proceedings, which should have been just a precondition to the preliminary judicial investigation, turns out to be the common framework, in a system not built for it. It leads to the decline of the rights of defence and of the judge. Neither a global perspective of the procedure nor the last reforms, for the most part inspired by European laws, fully overcame it. Confronting the consequences of police inquiry increasing with European rights, highlights several concerns on the full compatibility of the current system with the supranational standards. They support accommodations, encouraged by the searchers as well as the professionals, to solve observed imbalances. If the compliance of French law must guide the recommended adjustments, they should be reviewed in the light of their impacts on the global system, where inquiry and information still coexist. The will of consistency may encourage to promote more measured solutions, combining a moderate strengthening of the rights during police inquiries to an articulation of the investigation proceedings frameworks, focused on a reinforced control of the judge. The perspective of the integration of an European Public Prosecutor’s Office, which creation was formally acknowledged October 12th 2017, characterised by its openness to other national legal systems, makes these propositions uncertain. At short or medium term, adjustments ensued by its integration will lead to rethink the pre-trial phase of proceedings, to ensure its balance and consistency
Kolongele, Eberande Désiré. "Le pouvoir dans les sociétés à capital mixte : Aspects de droit français, OHADA et congolais." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010259.
Full textDi, Francesco Dimitri. "La doctrine administrative de la commande publique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020024.
Full textContrary to the tax doctrine, the administrative doctrine of public contracts, even though its foundation is old, has only recently been an object of study. However, being an essential tool for the administrations, the administrative doctrine demonstrates the unilateral nature of the public action because it is the instrumentum by which the Direction of Legal Affairs of the economic and financial ministries (DAJ) gives an interpretation of this technical law field. An empirical and prospective study of this administrative doctrine should lead to highlighting all these underground sources of public contrats on which all the actors relies
Minaud, Gérard. "Les gens de commerce et le droit dans le monde antique romain." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX31001.
Full textGansou, Mariel. "Le financement par le marché : essai en droit de l'OHADA à l'aune du droit français." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1007.
Full textIn a comparison with the rules in force in France and Africa, we have studied the law applicable for funding by stock exchanges within the OHADA space in light of the legal systems that have influenced its formation and its "Uniform Acts". The study reveals that the legal parameters affecting OHADA since its creation are much more varied than the mere mention of French law. These parameters are African, European and international. Similarly, the meritorious responses of OHADA to regulatory issues that could inspire French law are highlighted. It can be said that there is no exotic law in this case or either a purely aesthetic system of law, but rather, on the contrary, simply the law. Untouchable like a philosopher's stone, if OHADA is not all powerful as the asperities outlined show, it possesses the qualities of the compass that indicates the way forward. Without necessarily creating a new "uniform act" relating to financial markets, it could, by alternative means, increase the legal and judicial security which are, let us not forget, in its genes
Moll-François, Fabien. "Problématiser les contaminations, mettre en cause les responsables : mobilisations, expertises et recours au droit pénal dans les affaires amiante et dioxines en France (1975-2015)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0177.
Full textThis thesis focuses on contaminations as the origin of a damage and the consequence of a fault. It is grounded in two specific cases in environmental health, one connected to the presence of asbestos on the university campus of Jussieu (Paris), the other to the pollution generated by a waste incinerator near Albertville (Savoie). By examining the successive disputes generated by these situations since the mid-70s, the thesis concentrates on the central role played by people directly affected by the risks, from the 1990s onwards, in problematizing the contaminations to which they were exposed in terms of preventable damages, raising the criminal responsibility of a number of key players. The thesis examines how the questions of asbestos and dioxins sanitary impacts have been taken into consideration by the administrations regulating environmental toxics, and by the judicial system, which has to rule on possible misconduct. This work analyses a vast body of published documents and archives (from activists, administrations and the legal system), coupled to over fourty semi-structured interviews with the main stakeholders involved in the cases.Using an analysis based on arenas, the thesis explores the different social spaces where the problems were defined and addressed, placing emphasis on the different forms of expertise developed: the knowledge used to lead and feed the contestations; the knowledge used to guide public decisions; the knowledge used to substantiate judicial decisions. The arena of social conflicts, the arena of the administration and the arena of criminal justice are governed by specific principles and challenges, which are brought to light in this work, without, however, considering them as rigid and autonomous spaces. By adopting a micro-historical perspective, and by closely describing the events as they unfolded, this study reveals how the different arenas interacted with each other, and how the rules that govern them evolved as an effect of these affairs. This investigation shows that the degree of autonomy and interconnexion of these arenas is a crucial point, which can explain the trajectory of the cases studied. This trajectory depends on the interactions that take place - or do not take place - between the different arenas, but these processes operate discreetly. On a more structural level, the thesis shows how the administrative arena and the public policy expertise evolved under the influence of the mobilisations and the use of criminal law, resulting in an increased professionalization and the development of risk assessment standards – while highlighting the ambivalent effects that this may have on the recognition of the issues raised. Finally, this thesis reports on the mechanisms, specific to the law and judicial categories, which make the penalisation of public health difficult, particularly because of the reluctance of French criminal law to adopt a probabilistic type of reasoning to legally prove the existence of a damage
Hendawi, Hossam. "L'Organisation des pays arabes exportateurs de pétrole (OPAEP) : problémes juridiques et politiques d'une organisation internationale spécialisée dans le domaine des affaires pétrolières." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF10053.
Full textVodounon-Djegni, Comlan René. "L’exécution des sentences arbitrales contre les personnes publiques de l’OHADA." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0008.
Full textThe thesis focuses on " The execution of arbitral awards against public persons of OHADA ". Its purpose is to demonstrate how to implement these sentences without coming up against the immunity from execution of the persons who benefit from them. Indeed, in the absence of an arbitration exception, the prohibition of forced execution and interim measures against these persons seems to extend to the forced execution of arbitral awards against public persons of the OHADA. However, like the latter, immunity from execution also has a contractual basis ; it is a rule of public order of protection which the beneficiary can waive. Therefore, its application would only be required if its beneficiary has not waived it. However, to be valid, the waiver of immunity from execution must be express, within the meaning of customary international law, of which the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity of States and their Property of December 2, 2004 forms part. applicable in OHADA law, for legal reasons. This condition of validity of the waiver poses the problem of the effectiveness of contracts subject to the mandatory rules of public law or arbitration agreements and regulations. So, should we consider rewriting the usual models of arbitration agreements and rules to include this condition ? This approach would guarantee the effectiveness of administrative arbitration awards, based on the binding force of contracts (pacta sunt servenda) and their performance in good faith. Also, this waiver could be reinforced by the mention of property assigned to the activity in question or to the execution of the award which will ensue unrelated to the activity which gave rise to it. In any event, immunity from execution does not preclude either the identification of the debtors of the pecuniary judgments of public persons, nor the exequatur of administrative arbitration awards, nor even the voluntary or spontaneous execution of the said sentences. T hus, despite its absolute or strict design, OHADA immunity from execution has limits with respect to administrative arbitral awards
Tchuinte, Joël. "L'Application effective du droit communautaire en Afrique centrale." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0549/document.
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Houenou, Emmanuel Sèmassa. "La contractualisation du droit des sociétés : l'ordre public à l'épreuve de la liberté contractuelle dans les sociétés commerciales de l'OHADA." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D022.
Full textSince the Uniform Act on General Commercial Law came into force in 1997, the public policy nature of the rules enacted has been questioned by practitioners and doctrine. All the provisions of this uniform act were declared mandatory by the legislator who made the difficult choice of diverting the contemporary trend. Indeed, one of the most significant developments in company law since the end of the 20th century is the move towards a flexible law in which the will of the shareholder is prominent. A reform of the Uniform Act on General Commercial Law then became necessary in order to allow the use of contractual mechanisms and adapt OHADA company law to the needs of shareholders.Yet since the law reform in January 2014, scholars are not unanimous on the extent which the OHADA legislator has stretched contract in company law. Thus, while some see the reform as a triumph of contractual freedom, others see it as a mere boost in party autonomy uphelding the same rigid law exclusively made of non deregatory rules. As such, it was appropriate to assess the scope of contractualism in OHADA company law as well as the effectiveness of the related contractual mechanisms. Focusing on a substantial analysis of existing laws, this contribution shows a real decline of public policy in company law and a deep flexibility in the legal regime of companies hitherto for their rigid institutional character
Bobillier, Charlie. "La liberté contractuelle à l'épreuve du droit des marchés financiers." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30013/document.
Full textContractual freedom is a founding principle of French civil law, under which each legal subject is free, not only to decide whether to engage, but also to determine the conditions of his contractual commitment and the personality of the other party. Despite its apparent peculiarities, due to its object, the financial market legislation is not an autonomous branch of law, so that the civil law should apply to the financial markets. However, a quick review of the financial markets legislation revealed violations of contractual freedom, in the first place to free determination of the content of the contract. This finding is even more striking when looking further : the contractual intent is heavily affected both through the mandatory public bid and through the mandatory buyout offer. This thesis examines how the contractual freedom is affected by the financial market legislation to determine the causes
Allam, Yassine. "Le capital-investissement en droit OHADA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1090.
Full textIn the last decade, the OHADA countries have seen a significant increase in private equity transactions. The OHADA region’s economic outlook, relative political stability and projected population growth make the region of prime interest to investment funds due to tremendous growth and investment opportunities. This new dynamic makes it important to consider OHADA law’s ability to meet the legal requirements of private equity funds in structuring and conducting their operations.This thesis (i) analyses the main legal issues for private equity under OHADA law and (ii) compares the handling of such issues under OHADA law with their handling under French law. As such, this thesis addresses the legal instruments for taking ownership interests, management rules for target companies (including shareholder agreements), and exit strategies. The objective of such analysis is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current OHADA law regime from a private equity perspective
Mingashang, Ivon. "L'actualité de l'affaire de la Caroline en droit international public: la doctrine de la légitime défense préventive en procès." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210494.
Full textLa doctrine de la légitime défense préventive en procès.
La principale préoccupation au centre de cette recherche a consisté à trancher la controverse qui divise les spécialistes au sujet de la légalité de la doctrine de la légitime défense préventive, spécialement du point de vue du système juridique international institué au lendemain de la deuxième Guerre mondiale. La doctrine en cause préconise clairement qu’un gouvernement d’un Etat, qui éprouverait des craintes ou des soupçons d’une menace d’attaque contre son intégrité territoriale, et dans une certaine mesure, ses intérêts éparpillés à travers le monde, serait autorisé à frapper militairement l’Etat dont le territoire est susceptible de constituer le point de départ de telles menaces :soit, parce qu’un tel Etat détient les armes de destruction massive, notamment l’arme nucléaire et les armes chimiques ;ou soit parce qu’il hébergerait des bandes hostiles, en l’occurrence, les groupes terroristes, à l’origine de ses craintes. Les partisans de cette thèse soutiennent qu’il s’agit là d’une norme de nature coutumière élaborée à l’issue du règlement de l’affaire de la Caroline survenue en 1837, entre la Grande Bretagne et les Etats-Unis d’Amérique.
En effet, un petit navire battant pavillon américain, dénommé la Caroline, avait l’habitude d’effectuer des navettes entre les territoires de Buffalo, aux Etats-Unis, et Navy Island, au Canada. Et dans cet ordre d’idées, il entama comme à l’accoutumée, la traversée du fleuve Niagara en embarquant à son bord des passagers, vers le Canada, en date du 29 décembre 1837. Mais il fut, dans ce contexte, accusé de transporter des rebelles qui étaient sur le point d’envahir le territoire canadien. C’est ainsi qu’à l’issue de ses voyages opérés durant la journée du 29 décembre 1837, alors qu’il se trouvait déjà accosté dans un port situé dans les eaux intérieures américaines, une intervention armée, décidée par le gouvernement anglais, avait eu lieu sur le territoire des Etats-Unis durant cette nuit là. Elle s’est soldée par la destruction de nombreux biens américains, dont le navire en question, qui fut au final coulé dans le fleuve Niagara.
Cet incident va du coup provoquer une grande controverse diplomatique entre les deux Etats précités. La Grande-Bretagne prétendit notamment que ce navire était engagé dans des opérations pirates, et que par ailleurs, sa destruction par ses forces armées relevait de l’exercice du droit d’autoconservation et de légitime défense. Mais au termes de nombreux rebondissements, le Secrétaire d’Etat américain, du nom de Daniel Webster, adressa en date du 24 avril 1841, une note diplomatique à l’Ambassadeur britannique basé à Washington, M. Henry Fox, dans laquelle il contestait l’ensemble de motifs avancés par la Grande-Bretagne, mais en insistant spécialement sur le fait que la destruction de la Caroline, aurait été acceptée comme relevant de la légitime défense, si et seulement si, les forces britanniques ayant agi militairement au cours de cette nuit là étaient en présence « d’une situation de nécessité absolue de légitime défense, pressante, écrasante, ne permettant pas le choix des moyens, et ne laissant pas de temps pour délibérer ». Un consensus de principe se serait donc, semble-t-il, formé autour de ce dictum, mais non de son application aux faits d’espèce.
C’est en prenant en compte les considérations historiques qui précèdent que beaucoup d’auteurs, essentiellement anglo-saxons, se permettent d’affirmer que l’affaire de la Caroline est un précédent fondateur de la légitime défense en droit international public. Et dans cette même optique, considérant par ailleurs que la singularité de cette note consiste dans le fait de subordonner la validité de telles actions armées anticipatives, à l’existence d’une menace imminente d’attaque du territoire canadien par des insurgés, la célèbre formule de Webster précitée aurait également consacré de ce fait même, la doctrine de la légitime défense préventive en droit international coutumier.
Notre hypothèse de travail est simple. En effet, nous partons du point de vue selon lequel, le raisonnement des partisans de la doctrine de la légitime défense préventive, fondée spécialement sur le précédent de la Caroline, soulève de vrais problèmes d’équilibre et de cohérence du système international élaboré après la deuxième Guerre mondiale, dans la mesure où, il aboutit dans ses applications, à cautionner, au sujet de l’interdiction de la force, l’existence d’un ordre juridique ambivalent. Autrement dit, si l’on transpose les enseignements tirés de l’affaire de la Caroline, dans le droit international positif, on aurait immanquablement, d’un côté, un régime conventionnel restrictif de la Charte, qui limite la possibilité de riposter militairement à la seule condition où un Etat a déjà effectivement subi une attaque armée. Tandis que de l’autre côté, on aurait parallèlement un régime coutumier plus permissif, qui laisserait à l’Etat un pouvoir discrétionnaire d’appréciation des circonstances de temps et de lieux, dans lesquelles il peut se permettre de frapper militairement un autre Etat, en invoquant la légitime défense.
Le travail de déconstruction auquel nous avons procédé pendant nos recherches, nous a amené à constater, au bout de cette thèse, que tous les arguments qui sont généralement invoqués par les partisans du précédent de la Caroline présentent des limites et des excès, dans leur prétention à fonder juridiquement, une règle de légitime défense préventive en droit international public, et du coup, ils doivent être relativisés dans leur teneur respective. Pour cette raison, nous soutenons en ce qui nous concerne l’hypothèse selon laquelle, le droit international public en vigueur, ne permet pas encore en son état actuel, l’extension du champ opératoire du concept de légitime défense, tel que stipulé à l’article 51 de la Charte, de manière à justifier l’emploi de la force dans les rapports entre les Etats, en cas d’une simple menace, peu importe son intensité et sa nature, tant qu’il n’y a pas encore eu véritablement une attaque armée de la part de l’Etat envers qui on agit militairement. En conséquence, la tentative doctrinale qui consiste à justifier l’existence d’une règle coutumière, autorisant la légitime défense préventive, en se fondant sur l’autorité de l’affaire de la Caroline, procède en quelque sorte d’un malentendu doublé d’un anachronisme évident.
Bruxelles, le mardi 6 mai 2008
Ivon Mingashang
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Carbonnaux, Camille. "Les figures juridiques de la concurrence en droit de l'union Européenne : étude autour de la notion de loyauté de la concurrence." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20013.
Full textThe existence of various rules regarding competition could lead to a lack of coherence andintelligibility of the European system of competition. As a matter of fact, the latter channels a part of the criticisms relating to the decline of law. However, the study of its numerous legal translations results in a very different conclusion. Behind an apparent disorder, the European approach to competition shows profound coherence. In each legal aspects of competition, a common objective officiates as a standard. It is the fair competition. The latter intervenes in all European competition regulations as a notion around which revolve a set of solutions coherent by their finality and content.Coherent by their finality, firstly, because all the legal translations of the competitive order address fair competition as a way to protect competition and, more generally, public interest.Coherent by their content, secondly, because each legal aspects of competition ensures faircompetition by preserving the equality of opportunity between competitors.De facto, the observation of the transversality and homogeneity of the treatment of fair competition reveals that the objective has been, until now, widely underestimated. This sidelining is regrettable because, on the grounds of its axiological neutrality, introducing it into the different debates relating to the European approach to competition offers real solutions in terms of the homogenization of the notion of competition and better integration of the legal aspects of competition
Charles, Pauline. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges en matière familiale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1071.
Full textAlternative forms of litigation settlement in familial matters have been considerably developing in French law. Several of them now exist: familial mediation, collaborative law, or participative procedure convention. This study has shown that substantial law of family gives particular consistency to the alternative forms that are subject to it. They detach themselves from common law alternative forms of settlement and have become autonomous. Alternative forms of litigation settlement give a structured framework to the negotiations between family members. However, individuals are not exempt from several imperative norms in their convention, principles that are considered as fundamental and which dictate that private will be ruled: the judge's role is irreducible in family law
Temine, Marc. "Médiation et droit des affaires." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020058.
Full textMediation, a modern issue quite " en vogue ", has vocation to be applied in all law domains, including business law. In this respect, analysis shows us that, far from being a unit concept, mediation lends to confusion and remains, nevertheless, a concept with quite flaw contours. In this respect, an analysis comparing mediation to other modes to resolve disagreements used in business law seems to be necessary in order to better understand this concept. Mediation, in this sense, proves to be useful to firms, SME (small and medium enterprises) or multi-national firms, in order to resolve their disagreements in an amicable way. As a consequence, a multitude of supports are coming up, in the form of numerous mediation rules, most of which (are) edited by organisms on the search for alternative methods of conflict resolution. In another way, mediation seems to be a radiating concept on business law, as it, on one hand, inspires the creation of other methods to amicably resolve business conflicts and, as it, on the other hand, softens an essential notion of the apparently rigid contract law: the autonomy of the will. In fact, a multitude of amicable methods to resolve business conflicts have risen in the last few years, most of which claimed to be more or less directly, part of mediation. Analysing these methods proves, however, that some of these claims are justified and others are pure opportunism. In addition, the application of a mediation clause in a business disagreement permits to the (business) partners to adapt the convention which links them to the evolution the economic situation and the supervening of events independent of their will
Dumas, Romain. "Vers le droit fondamental des affaires : essai sur la fondamentalisation des sources du droit des affaires." Limoges, 2005. http://www.unilim.fr/theses/2005/droit/2005limo0506/notice.htm.
Full textThe fondamental rights, in particular devoted in the european convention on human rights, and developped by the european judges, exert from now a growing influence on the french private law, including the business law. The fundamentalisation of the business law deserves the attention and can be considered as the conciliation between the fundamental rights and the guiding principals and particularism of the matter. This conciliatory requirement must thus constitute a leitmotiv, as well in the installation of a fundamental law businesses must be impelled by the internal judge of businesses, source of right nearest of the concerns to justiciables resulting from the economic world. The perenniality of this action will be then ensured by the legislature. This common work must support the specificities of the economic operators and of their environment. The study considers then the concrete implementation of the fundamental law businesses. From the vertical point of view, the official regulating bodies and judges will be compelled with a general obligation of respect of the fundamental rights of the economic operators which could be the subject of limitations with the respect of certain conditions. The judge will be also led to solve the conflicts between the various devoted fundamental rights. In the horizontal plane the relations too liberticides between the operators themselves, of contractual of competing origin, will have to be fought thanks to techniques allowing the restauration of the "fundamentality" and the taking into account of the economic interest of the victims of prejudices
Bellaiche, David. "La gratuité en droit des affaires." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010296.
Full textFrom a general point of view, the whole doctrine thinks that the gratuitousness does not belong to the essence of business law. However, the notion of " free-of-charge act" fulfilled in business law, does not exclude research for savings or speculation. Besides, the free-of-charge act does exist in commercial law. But business law is neither altruist nor philanthropist. Apparently, gratuitousness is a notion coming from civil law, which does not seem applicable in business law. In order to distinguish the free-of-charge act from the costly act, the doctrine has arisen three criteria: the formal one, the material one and the intentional one. In this way of thinking, there is no unique conception of free-of-charge in french law. We notice that the gratuitousness is more and more vigorous in the area of business. The gratuitousness in business law is influenced by different characteristics: the social interest, its original basis. The gratuitousness' beneficiary, foundations, sponsorship, consumers, employees, shareholders. . . The gratuitousness' value, the gratuitousness' fiscal deduction. An act without any compensation is considered as being out of social interest field. As for the manager of the company, who decides to give without compensation for his company, social interest is opposed to direct or indirect personal interest. In return, these donation's beneficiaries must necessarily bring something to the company. The gratuitousness is usually allowed by the legislator in a limited value, or, must come into the slight proportions regarding the company's financially capacities. When the gratuitousness is legal, it is considered as a fiscal deduction from the fiscal administration. In business law, the "free of charge" act is defined as an exceptional and facultative management act, which equals to a deductible (or partially) financial charge. Therefore, the donator's patrimony is diminished to the benefit of an economic entity, which is legally independent. This act must be achieved for the interest of the company, without any direct financial compensation
Goldenberg, Nathalie. "L'élément moral en droit des affaires." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010308.
Full textPepino, Camille. "La performance en droit des affaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0500/document.
Full textEconomic operators are facing a sharp increase in competition combined with social and environmental concerns that have become of the essence. From this observation, it seems that the performance, be it economic, social or environmental, has become an value that is part of obligations, or creates itself obligations. It will sometimes be outside the contract and imposed by the law itself. In this sense, the legislator requires that the remuneration of certain companies executives is compulsorily indexed on performance criteria. But the performance will sometimes be internal to the contract and will be an essential element for the latter. These events reflect an overall movement making it necessary to construct a legal dissertation on performance, a new reading prism that has become inevitable and particularly crucial. Despite the attractiveness of the quest for performance, the law is seeking a point of balance likely to allow economic development in the best conditions, backed by respect for the environment, natural, human, even societal. It is in this perspective that the dynamics of this study is built. It understands performance as achieving a goal, with efficient means and methods, while limiting financial losses and adverse effects. Performance is the new key to reading life in society, and business law is one of the first relays
Pepino, Camille. "La performance en droit des affaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/181206_PEPINO_868ahiam689nbkhcn363qt196twr_TH.pdf.
Full textEconomic operators are facing a sharp increase in competition combined with social and environmental concerns that have become of the essence. From this observation, it seems that the performance, be it economic, social or environmental, has become an value that is part of obligations, or creates itself obligations. It will sometimes be outside the contract and imposed by the law itself. In this sense, the legislator requires that the remuneration of certain companies executives is compulsorily indexed on performance criteria. But the performance will sometimes be internal to the contract and will be an essential element for the latter. These events reflect an overall movement making it necessary to construct a legal dissertation on performance, a new reading prism that has become inevitable and particularly crucial. Despite the attractiveness of the quest for performance, the law is seeking a point of balance likely to allow economic development in the best conditions, backed by respect for the environment, natural, human, even societal. It is in this perspective that the dynamics of this study is built. It understands performance as achieving a goal, with efficient means and methods, while limiting financial losses and adverse effects. Performance is the new key to reading life in society, and business law is one of the first relays
Vandenbussche, Corine. "Secret des affaires et informatique." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010279.
Full textNever since the development of new technologies, and especially data processing, the matter of secret has been so present. Coming after the secret regarding human being, secret regarding business seems now to become a serious matter of concern and raise a real problematic. As far as confidentiality is concerned, data processing has introduced a certain and increasing vulnerability. This is showing, on one hand by the fact that computer is at the same time a fantastic instrument and a privileged target for commercial an industrial spying and, the other hand, because data processing is largely favorizing "transparency", very up to date but prejedicial to trade secrets. This is then interesting to appreciate the behaviour and the degree of resistance opposed by the latest to data processing and then considerate its preservation from a technical and legal point of view, to at last wonder about the changes that this new instrument may, directly or not, induce to trade secrets in regard of its legal nature and its content
Louis, Jean-Marc. "Le principe d'égalité en droit des affaires." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010277.
Full textEquality is a fundamental principle of justice. In business law, equality appears in the traditional form of equality of treatment and the more modem form, equality of opportunity. The market concept influences legal perceptions which are viewed from a competitive angle. Ensuring effective competition which respects the equality of all of the parties has given way to new pretorian approaches, such as contestable makets ; essential facilities ; or predatory pricing. The alternative to the market would be the constitution of a business entity, which, when listed on the stock exchange, would tend to ensure that competition among members of the financial markets or adopting an adequate means of stock pricing would provide equal valuation to stockholders. More generally, equality constitutes a structural principal of business law whichi calls for unity. Its many applications prove hat the principle is not an abstract ideal, but a reality whichi needs to be acknowledged
Saenko, Laurent. "Le temps en droit pénal des affaires." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010344.
Full textMartin, Pierre. "Le secret des affaires en droit français." Lyon 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO33016.
Full textIf the information about the life of the business is necessary, the trade secret is it also. But, what as it is agreed by « trade secret » ? Is it a legal notion ? At the moment, numerous information concerning the economic actors must be carried in the knowledge of the public. However, the transparency is only relative. This requierement of transparency in internal law and in community law did not annihilate the domain of the trade secret but did not considerably stress its variability, which resulted before from the only will of the economic actor. Besides, the legislator has, on multiple occasions, insurant in a indirect way the respect and the preservation of the trade secret ; the application of the numerous actions of common law in case of internal and external infringements shows of it. Having a domain and benefiting from an indirect protection, the trade secret is a legal notion ad can be defined as « the justifiable interest of the economic actors in the fact that the secret information by nature or by their will is not revealed ». However, the trade secret is sometimes put in danger. It would be sensible that the legislator establishes the following malpractice in the fifth book « The other crimes and the offences » of the penal code : « Is punished for 2 years of detention and for a 150. 000-euro fine the fact by every person for revealing or for trying to reveal a secret information by nature ou by the will ». A real protection of the trade secret would so be insured. For all that, its nature would be unchanged ; it would always be about a justifiable interest
Diop, Ndeye Binty. "Le soupçon en droit pénal des affaires." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10073.
Full textLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Bakoua, Batangouna Bernardin. "Le mensonge en droit penal des affaires." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN11026.
Full textThe falsehood incrimination in business law is construct around two ideas: - making sure the correct and loyal execution of obligation (contractual and legal), - protecting the public faith. Because of varied forms of falsehood positive law adopt an impressive repressive plan of action, distinguished by a vast number of deceptive offences having in common the particularity to sanction frauds. It is not a matter of sanctionating the error of this one who is making a mistake but rather the falsehood of this one who deceive. The moral element play a preponderant part in the deceptive offences. But beyond their subjective appearance, the lawmaker take into account the economic incidence of these falsehood so that, his moralizing action really rest on a feeling of justice and equity
Alno, Sandrine. "Les conflits d’intérêts en droit des affaires." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF10230.
Full textMagerand, Bénédicte. "Les relations d'affaires en droit des obligations." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOD006.
Full textBlin-Franchomme, Marie-Pierre. "Essai sur la notion de contrôle en droit des affaires : droit interne-droit communautaire." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10011.
Full textIn French as well as in European business law, since the mid-eighties, the reference to the notion of control, far from exhausting the interest of such a concept, has conferred a new dimension rising several issues faced to the development of concentration of companies, true the lawyer has chosen a punctual methodology whose main quality is flexibility, which nevertheless presents as regard the notion of control of a company over another one a major drawback: there is not one but several legal definitions of the control in business law, to the extend that this legal fragmentation might make one doubt of the homogeneity of the concept, which however is the very essence of these notions. This fact drives today to search federative elements of a control notion. To reach that end, the control presents itself, first and foremost, as a functional notion whose role, in business law, has up to now kept to structure in the rhythm of the historical evolution which marks the entrance of economic notions in law. First, the criterion of control appears as a simple means to adapt the enforcement of the rules of business law to the economic realities of groups of companies: this is the instrumental function of the notion. Then, and sometimes in the meantime, the criterion of control permits to connect to this economic reality of the proper rules, hence a normative function of the notion. This functional plurality is featured with a diversity of control legal acceptances. Therefore, although there is no denying that the improvements of positive law has permitted the control concept to reach a certain degree of law achievement, we are bound to wonder afterwards about the notion unity. An overall of the adopted control definitions in business law permits to point out the lawyer's effort to emphasize the complexity of the domineering relations between companies. More precisely, it is around this reality that one has to think of the unity of the way to control is taken. As a matter of fact, it appears that the criteria of exerting and existence of the control are nothing but technical evidences of the power of a company over another one, which is actually the essential unity of the notion
Désert, Marc. "Le dessaisissement en droit privé : étude de droit civil et de droit des affaires." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020092.
Full textDivestment is a concept with uncertain contours, as evidenced by the diversity of its examples and the various fields in which it evolves. In the study, it seems that an autonomous notion of divestment emerges as the measure, judicial or contractual, by which the holder of a right sees that right removed of all or part of the powers attached to it. Those powers being transferred to another person, the granted person, who exercises them alone or jointly with the divested. Divestment is mainly implemented by two techniques: judicial representation and fiduciary assignment. It is always driven by a double idea. On the one hand, the concern for competence and legal efficiency which requires that the cases in which divestment may be judicially imposed or contractually consented be limited. On the other hand, the protection of the divested of his powers. This measure confers on a person, the person granted, the powers attached to the rights of which he or she is not the holder. This transfer presents the risk of allowing the person to whom the powers are granted to act in a way which binds the divested, without the latter being the sole and valid author. All this merits attention to the way in which divestment is implemented, executed, controlled and terminated. The duality of the notion of prevents a one-size-fits-all solution to its implementation
Traore, Sidi Yaya. "Le renouvellement des sources du droit des affaires." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU2052/document.
Full textTo what extent does the renewal of business law sources influence its development? This is the question this study seeks to answer. The need to address such an issue arises today as a necessity for two main reasons. The first is that this area of law is marked by an unprecedented proliferation of standards. Indeed, in addition to the emergence of new sources in this branch of law, we are witnessing a parallel shift in its traditional sources: law, jurisprudence and practices. Many of the new sources are soft law. This thesis demonstrates how they can be admitted to the pantheon of the sources of the business world. The second is globalization, which exacerbates competition between legal systems "within and outside the European Union". In this context, it is important to verify whether the renewal of the sources of French business law favours or hinders its competitiveness. Consequently, the codification of business law, its attractiveness and its epistemological basis are examined from the perspective of the renewal of the sources of this field of law. Research shows that business law is renewed by its sources, because they make it more flexible, unify it and strengthen its epistemological basis. This renewal must however be put into perspective as it generates legal uncertainty in business world as a consequence of the aforementioned developments.The study proposes a renewed approach to the sources of business law, and suggests a new definition of the concept of formal source. In this way, it aims to contribute to the evolution of the general theory of the sources of law
Faure-Gaussel, Charlotte. "Droit pénal des affaires : étude comparative franco-espagnole." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100118.
Full textCorporate criminal law is distinguishable by the specific set of legal tools it utilises, as well as by the specific nature of the crimes it covers. In France and in Spain, these legal tools represent changes or evolutions from the general criminal law. In particular, corporate criminal law demonstrates a weakening of the legal principle and the use of repressive administrative law. Criminal juridiction in the context of business is shared between the courts and the administrative authorities. The evolution of the regulations within criminal law is reflected in part by the development of a specific structure in relation to the elements of the offence which must be proven. This is characterised by an exceptional external conduct element and a reduced requirement in relation to the internal intention element. It is also reflected in the widened scope of repression due to the introduction of rules which assist in the identification of the criminally liable person as well as reducing the defences available to that person
Tohon, Constantin Olivier. "Le droit pratique des affaires : l'exemple du Bénin." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010284.
Full textYoubo, Lou Bouinan Sonia. "La lex societatis en droit international des affaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0132/document.
Full textThe search of the law applicable to the company, lex societatis is a must because it isthis law which will depend on the rules of formation, operation and dissolution of thecompany. But the problem of determining the lex societatis in International Business Law isthe identification of a suitable method of attachment of cross-border companies on a nationalterritory. The transboundary nature of today’s societies accentuates the conflict between thedifferent companies of connecting systems traditionally retained by the legislation. Theplurality of connecting corporate system is causing conflicts that standardization of the rulesof conflict of laws determining the lex societatis can be a solution.Company law should be a tool for business, not a hindrance to their development andtheir development. So to meet the needs of international business, besides the elimination ofbarriers to trade should be considered an adaptation of the contents of the current conflict oflaws rules that allow the determination of the lex societatis and a change of their source