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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drivers of migration

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Academic literature on the topic 'Drivers of migration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Drivers of migration"

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Graffeo, Michele. "Drivers of migration." Nature Climate Change 7, no. 2 (February 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3219.

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Xiang, Biao, Susana Narotzky, and Pei-Chia Lan. "Shift in drivers of migration." Intersections 8, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1061.

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Piguet, Etienne. "The drivers of human migration." Nature Climate Change 2, no. 6 (May 25, 2012): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1559.

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Korsi, Lawrence, and Vorvornator Vorvornator. "Do we go or we stay? : Drivers of Migration from the Global South to the Global North." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2022/v12n1a4.

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Migration from south to north nowadays is becoming unprecedented and alarming. Earlier scholars classified drivers of migration into push and pull factors. Modern trends of migration cannot be limited to push and pull factors. Regards, the Foresight conceptual framework on migration is adopted to explain determinants of modern migration. The study aims to identify trends and patterns of earlier and modern drivers of migration and to reveal contributions of migrants to origin countries. The paper adopts sampling methods of desktop research, relevant journals and magazines on migration gathered for the write-up. Findings revealed that in the olden days, migrations were mainly driven by push and pull factors; however, modern days drivers comprise macro (push and push) factors such as; unemployment, non-economic, and environment. Meso drivers are distances, social networks, technologies and Diasporas links. Micro reasons are age, sex, attitude, education and marital status. These factors are considered before whether to migrate or not. The paper argues that migration can result in brain drain, and can also lead to brain gain. The skilled workers lost from developing to developed countries return home, establish businesses, and train non-migrants. Remittances flow to origin countries are used for development. However, some scholars view remittances as causes of inflation, termed it ‘Dutch disease’. The paper concludes that in earlier days, when meso and micro factors were not there as drivers of migration, they now play significant roles in migration. Therefore, it is recommended that good governance and democratic principles be revamped and rejuvenated in the global south to ensure economic growth and development which will ameliorate migration to the Western world for seeking greener pastures.

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Tsapenko, I. "Drivers of lntemational Migration of Population." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2007): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2007-3-3-14.

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Carling, Jørgen, and Francis Collins. "Aspiration, desire and drivers of migration." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44, no. 6 (October 18, 2017): 909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2017.1384134.

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Zeki Al Hazzouri, Adina, Lanyu Zhang, Audrey R. Murchland, Leslie Grasset, Jacqueline M. Torres, Richard N. Jones, Rebeca Wong, and M. Maria Glymour. "Quantifying Lifecourse Drivers of International Migration." Epidemiology 32, no. 1 (September 28, 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001266.

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Morales-Muñoz, Héctor, Srijna Jha, Michelle Bonatti, Henryk Alff, Sabine Kurtenbach, and Stefan Sieber. "Exploring Connections—Environmental Change, Food Security and Violence as Drivers of Migration—A Critical Review of Research." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145702.

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Migration, whether triggered by single events, such as violent conflict, or by long term pressures related to environmental change or food insecurity is altering sustainable development in societies. Although there is a large amount of literature, there is a gap for consolidating frameworks of migration-related to the interaction and correlation between drivers. We review scientific papers and research reports about three categories of drivers: Environmental Change (EC), Food Security (FS), and Violent Conflict (VC). First, we organize the literature to understand the explanations of the three drivers on migration individually, as well as the interactions among each other. Secondly, we analyse the literature produced regarding Colombia, Myanmar, and Tanzania; countries with different combinations of the driving factors for migration. Although we find that many correlations are explained in the literature, migration is mostly driven by structural vulnerabilities and unsustainable development paths in places that have a low resilience capacity to cope with risk. For example, food insecurity, as a product of environmental changes (droughts and floods), is seen as a mediating factor detonating violent conflict and migration in vulnerable populations. The paper contributes to the literature about multi-driven migration, presenting an overview of the way in which different driver combinations trigger migration. This is important for determining the best governance mechanisms and policy responses that tackle forced migration and improve the resilience of vulnerable communities as well as sustainable development.

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Van Doren, Benjamin M., David E. Willard, Mary Hennen, Kyle G. Horton, Erica F. Stuber, Daniel Sheldon, Ashwin H. Sivakumar, Julia Wang, Andrew Farnsworth, and Benjamin M. Winger. "Drivers of fatal bird collisions in an urban center." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 24 (June 7, 2021): e2101666118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101666118.

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Millions of nocturnally migrating birds die each year from collisions with built structures, especially brightly illuminated buildings and communication towers. Reducing this source of mortality requires knowledge of important behavioral, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors, yet we lack an understanding of the interacting roles of migration, artificial lighting, and weather conditions in causing fatal bird collisions. Using two decades of collision surveys and concurrent weather and migration measures, we model numbers of collisions occurring at a large urban building in Chicago. We find that the magnitude of nocturnal bird migration, building light output, and wind conditions are the most important predictors of fatal collisions. The greatest mortality occurred when the building was brightly lit during large nocturnal migration events and when winds concentrated birds along the Chicago lakeshore. We estimate that halving lighted window area decreases collision counts by 11× in spring and 6× in fall. Bird mortality could be reduced by ∼60% at this site by decreasing lighted window area to minimum levels historically recorded. Our study provides strong support for a relationship between nocturnal migration magnitude and urban bird mortality, mediated by light pollution and local atmospheric conditions. Although our research focuses on a single site, our findings have global implications for reducing or eliminating a critically important cause of bird mortality.

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Sanfo, Safiétou, William M. Fonta, Ulrich J. Diasso, Michel P. Nikiéma, John P. A. Lamers, and Jerôme E. Tondoh. "Climate- and Environment-Induced Intervillage Migration in Southwestern Burkina Faso, West Africa." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 823–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0065.1.

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Abstract This study investigated key environmental factors causing intervillage migration by farmers. Therefore, it used household data from surveys, semistructured interviews, life histories, and focus group discussions in southwestern Burkina Faso, West Africa. The results showed that 1) when referring to the experienced historical weather and climate, farmers were aware of the effects of ongoing climate and environmental change; 2) soil degradation, land tenure insecurity, and lack of rainfall were major drivers of environment-induced migration; and 3) soil fertility, productivity, rainfall, and humidity, as well as land tenure security, were major pull factors. Farmers indirectly identified population pressure as a major driver of intervillage migration since it contributes to land degradation and land tenure insecurity. It is argued that migration implicitly adds to the natural climate and environmental stresses. When aiming to elaborate suitable land-use planning, the findings call for additional research that is needed to understand better the complex interrelationships between environmental drivers and permanent, environment-driven intervillage migration.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drivers of migration"

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Biagi, Bianca. "Drivers of interregional migration flows : jobs or amenities?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374706/.

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McClain, Krystaal Moonchyld. "Environmental Drivers of Migration in Two Israeli Raptor Species." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440001135.

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Melvin, Forrest Leanna. "Determining the Drivers of Alaskan Inuit Migration, Arctic Alaska." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10283257.

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Migration choice among Alaskan Inuit in the Arctic Alaskan region is complex and multifaceted. Migration patterns are characterized by high rates of out-migration and return migration however, the factors contributing to migration choice are more nuanced. To better understand the driving factors influencing migration a mixed methodological approach is used by incorporating statistical data analyses and informal interviews collected for Nome Census Area and North Slope Borough. Determining the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors influencing migration choice of Alaskan Inuit in Arctic Alaska provides insight into community resiliency and adaptability to regional experiences of social and climatic change. The results demonstrate external investments, employment opportunities, climate change, Inuit cultural practices, and family are important to Alaskan Inuit lifestyle. Results of regression analysis indicate that climate, subsistence, and modern wage economy have the most significant effect on in and out migration in Nome Census Area while in North Slope Borough cultural economy and wage economy balance, family, and external funds have the most significant impact on migration. The factor loadings impacting migration between 1991-2011 explain only 41% in Nome Census Area and 21% in the North Slope Borough. Low explanatory power of the quantitative variables underscores the importance of the non-quantitative indicators, such as importance of family and culture on return migration. Personal interviews further support that the resilience of Arctic Alaskan communities relies on the health of local economy to provide jobs, health care, and education but also on the ability to participate in cultural and familial activities which perpetuates adaptability among Alaskan Inuit.

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Dao, Thu Hien [Verfasser]. "On the fundamental drivers of international migration / Thu Hien Dao." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169057845/34.

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Clay, Thomas Anthony. "Drivers of variation in the migration and foraging strategies of pelagic seabirds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267809.

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The ability to move and forage efficiently plays a major role in determining the fate of individuals, and has important implications for population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Migration is a particular type of movement strategy, whereby animals may travel remarkable distances in order to take advantage of seasonality in resource availability or to avoid arduous winter conditions; however, this can be at a cost in terms of increased mortality. Indeed, anthropogenic threats in non-breeding areas are a major cause of population declines and a better understanding of non-breeding spatial ecology is required in order to advance both ecological theory and conservation management. The recent development of animal tracking technologies, in particular light-based geolocation, has made it possible to track large-scale and long-term movements; however, there are still gaps in our knowledge, such as the links between migratory and reproductive performance, connectivity among populations and the ontogeny of migration strategies. In this thesis, I utilise multi-species and longitudinal datasets from albatrosses and petrels, some of the most mobile species on Earth, to explore the drivers of variation in movements, habitat use and foraging behaviour, and the implications for life history and conservation. In Chapter 1, I provide an overview of the key topics of this thesis. In Chapter 2, I provide quantitative recommendations of minimum sample sizes needed to track pelagic seabird migrations, using data from 10 species. In Chapter 3, I examine between- and within-population differences in the habitat preferences and distributions of albatrosses, including the relative roles of habitat specialization and intra-specific competition. In Chapter 4, I investigate the year-round movement and foraging strategies of petrels living in nutrient-poor environments. In Chapter 5, I examine potential links between foraging behaviour during the non-breeding season and reproductive senescence. In Chapter 6, I explore the ontogeny of foraging behaviour and foraging site fidelity in young albatrosses, shedding light on their “lost years” at sea. Finally, I conclude with a general discussion summarizing main findings and suggesting future work. Overall, my results highlight the complex relationships among individual traits, the environment, movements and foraging behaviour, and population dynamics across the lifespan of individuals, with implications for the conservation of this highly threatened group of species.

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Bendandi, Barbara <1980&gt. "Effects of land degradation induced migration in Africa : providing evidence on the role of climate and environmental change as drivers of migration." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12869.

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Climate change and migration are closely interconnected in many parts of the world. Migration is a key way by which households cope with and adapt to rapid and slow environmental changes. Under extreme conditions of drought, economic hardship, and political instability, migration is used as a last-resort survival mechanism. Although these cases continue to happen, they are a less common form of climate-induced migration. Most migration associated with environmental and climate change does not occur under conditions of absolute distress, but of diversification, as households search for opportunities to generate new income sources and to reduce their exposure to environmental and climate related risks and hazards. This type of migration tends to be ignored and raises almost no interest in the media. However, to fully understand the dynamics of migration in less developed countries, it is essential to consider climate change and environmental degradation and increase understanding on the role they play in driving the decision to migrate. In this thesis, the author tried to address this complex subject by adopting a mix of different approaches that take in consideration the challenges and gaps in knowledge. In particular, the aim of this thesis is to provide new evidence on relationship between climatic and environmental changes and migration by: (i) adopting an inter-disciplinary approach and comparing concepts and paradigms from different academic and policy fields; (ii) elaborating a conceptual framework that shifts from the dominant focus on climate change and addresses migration as a response to gradual environmental changes, such as land degradation and natural resource depletion; (iii) producing new empirical data through a survey conducted on migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. This thesis consists of a collection of articles and is structured in three chapters, each of which contains one articles/paper. The first two articles have been co-authored, peer-reviewed and published, while the third one has been done in collaboration with the Institute for Scientific Research of the Rabat University that administered the questionnaire in Morocco under the supervision of the author. The first article is a chapter published in the book “Migration, Risk Management and Climate Change: Evidence and Policy Responses” published by Springer under the series Global Migration Issues in 2016. The title of the chapter is “Remittances for adaptation: an ‘alternative source’ of international climate finance?”. Bringing together literature on climate finance and remittances, the article analyze whether remittances could be considered as an ‘alternative’ source of adaptation finance in international climate negotiations. The second article is a on “Vulnerability and resilience in West Africa: understanding human mobility in the context of land degradation” reviews the evidence on land degradation induced migration in West Africa and explores the circumstances under which migration can actually increase the resilience of households in the face of climate and environmental change. The third article, titled “Environmental change and migration: the role of climatic and environmental conditions in the migration decision”, aims at discussing the nexus between climate/environmental change and migration by focusing on perception of the hazards and motivations for migration from an individual’s perspective. The result of the survey confirmed that, in general, climate and environmental change are important determinants of the decision to migrate, even though concurring with other major motivations. In particular, they turned out to be the most important reasons to migrate for a non-negligible number of migrants.

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Vukomanovic, Jelena. "Exurbia as Physical and Social Space: Landscape Drivers and Ecological Impacts of Amenity Migration in the New West." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293426.

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The American West, once characterized by open spaces, low population densities, and the dominance of primary sector activities, is experiencing high rates of population growth related to amenity migration. Those same natural amenities that attract migration are often degraded by housing growth and associated development; however the extent of impacts and the specific features of the environment that attract amenity migration are poorly understood. This change in land use was investigated by first examining the impacts of exurbanization on three ecosystem indicators (fire hazard, water availability, and distance effects of houses and roads) and secondly by considering the socio-cultural and aesthetic drivers of amenity migration in the Sonoita Plain, Arizona, USA. When the impacts of houses and roads on ecosystem function were considered, 98% of exurban areas were "highly" or "very highly" impacted, compared to 100% for suburban areas and 35% for rural areas. These results were striking because exurban areas have impacts on ecosystem function comparable to those of suburban areas, despite the fact that they support significantly lower population densities. The importance of privacy in the spatial distribution of exurban development was examined through GIS viewshed analysis. Desire for privacy was manifested in the home locations selected by exurbanites, with the large majority of homes located where the inhabitants see few, if any, neighbors. Scenic beauty is a common pull factor for amenity and this study examined three visual quality metrics (naturalness, visual scale and complexity) in relation to the location of exurban houses. Exurban households see significantly more vegetation, more rugged terrain, and a larger viewshed than would be expected if they were randomly distributed. There is evidence that visual complexity throughout the viewshed may be more important than seeing the very highest peaks. These results call into question the use of county-level scales of analysis for the study of landscape preferences, which may miss key landscape aesthetic drivers of preference. Amenity drivers have important implications for the distribution of development and can inform growth strategies designed to minimize negative ecological impacts and protect visual quality of the environment.

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Kabir, Ehsanul. "Unpacking Drivers of Vulnerability on Internal Migration in Areas Prone to Drought and Riverine Erosion in North-West Bangladesh." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381686.

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This dissertation examines the vulnerability of internal migrants from north-west rural Bangladesh who have had substantial experience with slow-onset forms of natural hazard. To date, the majority of the research on the vulnerability of human systems has tended to focus on the bio-physical impacts of hazards. Although the scholarly works have also contributed to the assessment of the impacts of climate change on human migration, they have provided only a limited understanding of how such groups are affected by various aspects of vulnerability. In the climate-migration research nexus, more recent studies have recognized the need to investigate how climate and environmental vulnerability could result in incremental or non-linear migration outcomes, depending on various contexts of natural hazards. In order to examine such complexities, the concept of drivers of vulnerability offers a valuable analytical alternative to indicator based methods. This approach can explain how multiple drivers can influence the livelihoods of numerous populations which are likely to vary across the contexts of natural hazards, time, and space, and between and within social groups. Little research exists to give a comprehensive understanding of the underlying drivers of vulnerability and how and why they change across the contexts of natural hazards. This study addresses this apparent gap by generating empirical knowledge on how the drivers of vulnerability influence an individual’s decision to migrate internally away from the drought prone and riverine areas of Bangladesh. This study is based on two case studies in the north-west of Bangladesh. Each case study represents one type of slow-onset natural hazard, namely drought and slow-onset riverbank erosion. While shedding light on present climate vulnerability and its significance for human mobility, this thesis breaks unexplored ground by answering research questions that involve three interconnected issues - the underlying drivers of vulnerability experienced by the socio-economically disadvantaged internal migrants and their family members, the tipping points of their migration, and the intervening social factors that potentially influence the migration decision. This study adopts a multi-method approach and answers its research questions by means of structured interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The results illustrate in rich details the underlying drivers of vulnerability which potentially influence involuntary internal migration from the study areas. A range of drivers of vulnerability are identified and classified into five broad thematic areas including economic, institutional, infrastructural, environmental and health-and-wellbeing. Moreover, this study provides analytical details on how individuals perceive their own tipping points, after which a decision to migrate can appear unavoidable. The study demonstrates that individuals in both hazard contexts perceive their tipping points mostly in terms of unmanageable economic pressure at the household level. Additionally, the results also confirm that the presence of social networks, which mainly involve relatives, friends, and some potential employers, are helpful at bridging the gaps between geographically dispersed places and at mobilizing social capital to ease the challenges during and after migration. This thesis contributes to theory and policy by shedding light on the recurrent vulnerability issues of internal migrants in Bangladesh. First, it suggests that the vulnerability of internal migrants living in the areas studied is shaped by various drivers, as previously stated. However, the degree of influence of such drivers is disproportionately distributed between and within the two studied contexts. Second, along with internal tipping points such as household financial stress, external elements beyond household control, such as the worrying pressure of institutional microcredit default, can potentially accelerate the decision to migrate. Third, there exists a growing recognition of the limitations of the universal indicators and indices used to understand human vulnerability at the local level. This study further compared four sub-districts within the two contexts and tested whether these would show similar sets of drivers of vulnerability. This analysis concurs with some other studies that relying on a blanket approach to vulnerability measurement would mislead future researchers and have harmful policy implications. This study reveals that careful investigation of the nuances of vulnerability at the local scales can have important policy implications. It also reveals that disadvantaged groups tend to extend their coping mechanisms when the degree of vulnerability increases. Such coping mechanisms are largely associated with governmental and non-governmental development interventions at the local level. The current research cautions that, in order to avoid future challenges, there is an urgent need to develop context specific guidelines for climate adaptation. While taking climate adaptation into account, the study questions the effectiveness of some ongoing interventions at the local level, which, include groundwater based irrigation for agriculture, rural microcredit schemes, and notes the striking absence of government welfare intervention in some of the areas studied. The main implication of the research findings for policy highlights the importance of understanding the local contexts when designing and implementing interventions, rather than adopting a general approach across all contexts. Moreover, the timely and detailed information on a range of drivers of vulnerability demonstrated in this thesis should help to analyse and evaluate the various effects of existing interventions by government and non-government organizations, as previously discussed and better manage internal migration in Bangladesh, and arguably in other similar settings.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Science
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Urbi, Berzenn D. "The lived experience of Filipino registered nurses seeking to migrate overseas." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118572/1/Berzenn_Urbi_Thesis.pdf.

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This research engaged in a phenomenological exploration of the experiences and motivations of Filipino nurses working in the Philippines who were seeking overseas employment. The major driver for migration was associated with living out Filipino socio-cultural values that give emphasis to reciprocal relations with families. Although participants expressed their hopes for better remuneration, their desire to support family and social affiliations remained the primary focus of their intent. The study findings may inform policy makers and workforce planning and suggest a re-visiting of policy to investigate socio-cultural drivers often neglected in the discussions of Filipino nurse migration.

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Tonial, Genny, and Gaia Agnetti. "The Returning Indian Diaspora : Exploratory Research on Indian Return Migration Drivers and potential Effects on Firms’ Performance and Country’s Development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176189.

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This research investigates the drivers that pushed Returned Non Resident Indians(RNRIs) to come back to their homeland and their potential contribution, through the knowledgeand competences acquired by studying and working abroad, to the Firms that hire them.We used a qualitative method pursued through semi-structured non-standardized interviews withexperts of the topic and RNRIs. Furthermore, in order to have better insights, we looked at thebackground of the top management of 8 top IT Indian companies and at newspaper coverage.It resulted that RNRIs come back mainly to be closer to their families and because of a combinationof economic decline in the West and booming economy in India, thus leading to a better lifestyle.Moreover, we found indication of the contribution presented to Firms’ by knowledge and skills andgained interesting insights on the future trends of the Diaspora.However, our findings cannot be considered as conclusive, due to the small size of the sample wehad access to. The research topic needs further research.

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Books on the topic "Drivers of migration"

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Suttikulpanich, Ruthai. The perceptual drivers of consumers under brand migration process: Case study of Cif, Unilever. London: LCP, 2002.

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Corporation, Digital Equipment. DEC C: Migration guide for OpenVMS VAX systems. Maynard, MA: Digital Equipment Corporation, 1994.

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Corporation, Digital Equipment. DEC C: User's guide for OpenVMS systems. Maynard, MA: Digital Equipment Corporation, 1994.

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Corporation, Digital Equipment. DEC C: Run-time library reference manual for OpenVMS systems. Maynard, MA: Digital Equipment Corporation, 1994.

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Hatton, T. J. What fundamentals drive world migration? Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2003.

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Hatton, T. J. What fundamentals drive world migration? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Wagner, Christian. Model-Driven Software Migration: A Methodology. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05270-6.

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Boston College. Center for Human Rights and International Justice, ed. Driven from home: Protecting the rights of forced migrants. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 2010.

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David, Hollenbach, and Boston College. Center for Human Rights and International Justice., eds. Driven from home: Protecting the rights of forced migrants. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 2010.

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Liu dong de jia yuan: "You Xian di ge cun" she qu chuan bo yu shen fen gong tong ti yan jiu = MOBILE HOMELANDS : Community Communication and Identity Practices of the "You County Cab Driver Village". Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drivers of migration"

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Punia, Abhay, Ravindra Pratap Singh, and Nalini Singh Chauhan. "Drivers of Climate Migration." In Global Climate Change and Environmental Refugees, 57–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24833-7_4.

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Abedon, Stephen T. "Genetic Migration and Phages." In Bacteriophages as Drivers of Evolution, 105–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94309-7_10.

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Kumpikaitė -Valiūnienė, Vilmantė, Vilmantė Liubinienė, Ineta Žičkutė, Jurga Duobienė, Audra I. Mockaitis, and Antonio Mihi-Ramirez. "Migration Culture: The Drivers Behind the Movement of People." In Migration Culture, 11–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73014-7_2.

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Abrahamson, Mark. "Environmental Drivers: Climate Change and Natural Disasters." In Migration Between Nations, 48–69. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158400-3.

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Shibinu, S. "Drivers of Economic and Social Change." In India Migration Report 2022, 388–404. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315124-21.

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Czaika, Mathias, and Constantin Reinprecht. "Migration Drivers: Why Do People Migrate?" In IMISCOE Research Series, 49–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_3.

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AbstractGrowing social and economic inequalities, and consequently, unfulfilled life aspirations trigger the migration intentions of millions, if not billions of people around the world. Surveys by Gallup World Poll suggest that more than 750 million adults would like to migrate if they had the chance to do so (Esipova et al., 2018). Hence, globally ‘only’ one in eight adults express a desire to migrate. This is a surprisingly small fraction given the fact that a much larger but unknown number of people would have good reasons to migrate in order to realise economic, professional, political, or social opportunities elsewhere. At the same time, only small fractions of those who aspire to migrate are actually able to realise it.

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Naujoks, Daniel. "Trends, Drivers, and Dynamics of Flight and Migration." In Forced Displacement and Migration, 19–40. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32902-0_2.

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Mukherjee, Soumi, and K. C. Das. "Burden of occupational morbidities among migrant auto-rickshaw drivers." In India Migration Report 2021, 103–16. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003287667-9.

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Villares-Varela, María, and Olivia Sheringham. "Conceptualising Religion in Relation to the Drivers and Outcomes of (Migrant) Entrepreneurship." In Religion, Migration and Business, 37–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58305-7_3.

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Oso, Laura, Paweł Kaczmarczyk, and Justyna Salamońska. "Labour Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 117–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_7.

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AbstractThis chapter will focus on labour migration, that is the movement of persons with the aim of employment or income-bringing activities (e.g., entrepreneurship), developing the topic which was also touched upon in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_3 on conceptual understanding of migration drivers. Research on labour migration has developed across various disciplines (e.g., sociology, anthropology, and geography), but most prominently in economics. It has resulted in a range of theoretical frameworks, starting with neoclassical economic theories and advancing through the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM), dual labour market theory, and social network theory, to more recent transnational approaches or theories dedicated to particular forms of labour migration. These diverse approaches offer insights into labour migration on macro-, meso- and micro-levels. Although a dichotomy based on skills (high-skilled vs. low-skilled workers) can be seen as controversial or misleading as a division between workers representing these two types of skills is often vague or difficult to determine, the distinction does reflect recent debates on labour migration. Thus, a high−/low-skills dichotomy serves as a guide to the structure of this chapter.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drivers of migration"

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Bustos, Ulises, Carlos Duran, Alexander Duarte, Alfonso Salguero, Yira Vasquez, Alvaro Chapellin, and Erika Quinapallo. "Migration to Cased Hole Petrophysics: Are We Ready?" In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207812-ms.

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Abstract In the present Oil & Gas business context, the uncertainties reduction for hydrocarbon production increase in an operational costs and risk reduction scheme, are among the main drivers in several operating companies in the northern region of South America (Colombia & Ecuador). Electrical logging and drilling tools stuck events due to differential pressures, fishing operations, high wellbore tortuosity, difficult geometries and unconsolidated formations affecting wellbore stability, are among the main problems increasing non-productive time and operating costs. Minimizing open hole operations with a full migration to cased hole data acquisition, providing inputs for petrophysical uncertainty reductions without jeopardizing well completion decisions or initial reservoir characterization, would constitute an attractive solution for operators. Following those initiatives, we start by achieving a complete open hole formation evaluation and then migrating to case hole data acquisition and petrophysical assessment while benchmarking against open hole results. Low and variable formation water salinity, complex mineralogy's affecting resistivity and radioactive minerals, are common petrophysical challenges in our reservoirs. We had to implement Archie and salinity-independent formation evaluation solutions with cased hole technologies and in absence of open hole logs. The open hole petrophysics consist on simultaneous assessment of matrix and fluids saturations, while evaluating the oil mobility and water cut with the incorporation of multi-depth of investigation sensors in single logging runs (spectroscopy, dielectric dispersion, and magnetic resonance). We then moved to cased hole formation evaluation, with spectroscopy & nuclear-based petrophysics in gas, light oil, and heavy oil-bearing reservoirs. By implementation of non-archie fluids volumetric computation (that relies on conversion of dry weight total carbon to oil saturation and fast neutron cross section to gas saturation- done through a simultaneous inversion by solving matrix-porosity-fluids volumes into an elemental analysis), we obtained a representative formation saturation range behind casing. We then discussed on the different scenarios were migrating to cased hole is sustainable and its potential limitations.

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Lall, Pradeep, Yihua Luo, Shantanu Deshpande, and Luu Nguyen. "Measurement of Ion-Mobility in Copper-Aluminum Wirebond Electronics Under Operation at High Voltage and High Temperature." In ASME 2017 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2017-74325.

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Transition of ground vehicles to HEV and FEV has necessitated the operation of electronics in automotive underhood at high voltage bias and high temperature for extended period-of-time. Examples include gate drivers and IGBT modules. A typical automotive benchmark is operation for 10 years and 100,000 miles. Simultaneously, the first-level interconnects are migrating to use copper-wire interconnects in place of the previously used gold wire. Copper wire has higher propensity for corrosion and a narrower process-bonding window in comparison with gold wire based systems. Exposure to high temperature, humidity and bias influences the mobility of ions in the EMC and thus the contaminant transport to the WB interfaces. Measurements of diffusion behavior of EMCs at high temperature and high voltage bias are not available for readily being used in models. Prior studies have focused on biased humidity tests on wire bonds with the amplitude of the bias being limited up to 3.5Volts. In this paper, a PWM-controlled-gate drive-based test setup is established to study the effect of high voltage (up to 20Volts) on Cu-Al wire bond interconnects. A migration-diffusion cell experiment is designed to quantify the effect of voltage bias on transport of chlorine in EMCs. Diffusion coefficient and ionic mobility of chlorine at different temperatures are obtained. Resistance spectroscopy measurements show the progression of corrosion induced by voltage bias. A corrosion simulation is used to quantify the effect of voltage bias on corrosion rate of Cu-Al wire bond.

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Parrish, Rebecca, Ariana Zeka, Tim Colbourn, Paolo Lauriola, Shakoor Hajat, and Giovanni Leonardi. "P II – 1–6 A critical analysis of the drivers of human migration patterns in the presence of contemporary climate change: presentation of a new conceptual model." In ISEE Young 2018, Early Career Researchers Conference on Environmental Epidemiology – Together for a Healthy Environment, 19–20 March 2018, Freising, Germany. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-iseeabstracts.100.

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Zepeda, Leopoldo, Elizabeth Cecena, Jose Sosa, Carlos Angulo, and Rosario Gonzalez. "A model driven method for data migration: Data migrattion with MDA." In 2017 6th International Conference on Software Process Improvement (CIMPS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cimps.2017.8169958.

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Kahveci, Harika S. "Investigation of a Rotor Blade With Tip Cooling Subject to a Nonuniform Temperature Profile." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15529.

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Abstract One of the challenges in the design of a high-pressure turbine blade is that a considerable amount of cooling is required so that the blade can survive high temperature levels during engine operation. Another challenge is that the addition of cooling should not adversely affect blade aerodynamic performance. Besides, the tip region of a blade is exposed to further complexities due to tip leakage flow that is known to affect flow features and to cause additional pressure losses. The typical flat tips used in designs have evolved into squealer form that implements rims on the tip, which has been reported in several studies to achieve better heat transfer characteristics as well as to decrease pressure losses at the tip. This paper demonstrates a numerical study focusing on a squealer turbine blade tip that is operating in a turbine environment matching the typical design ratios of pressure, temperature and coolant blowing. The blades rotate at a realistic rpm and are subjected to a turbine rotor inlet temperature profile that has a nonuniform shape. For comparison, a uniform profile is also considered as it is typically used in computational studies for simplicity. The model used in the simulations is the tip section of the GE-E3 first stage blade. Two different configurations with and without cooling are considered using the same tip geometry. The cooled blade tip has seven holes on the tip floor lined up near the blade pressure side. The paper demonstrates the impact of the temperature profile nonuniformity and the addition of cooling on the complex blade tip flow field and heat transfer. Results confirm that these boundary conditions are the drivers for loss generation, and they further increase losses when combined. Temperature profile migration is not pronounced with a uniform profile, but shows distinct features with a nonuniform profile for which hot gas migration toward the blade pressure side is clearly observed. The blade tip also receives higher coolant coverage when subject to the nonuniform profile.

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Leuenberger, Manuel. "Exploring example-driven migration." In the 3rd International Companion Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3328433.3328463.

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Blacquière, Gerrit, Harry W. J. Debeye, C. P. A. Wapenaar, and A. J. Berkhout. "Three‐dimensional table‐driven migration." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892461.

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Courtis, Matthew, and Peter Ireland. "Influence of Porosity on Double-Walled Effusion-Cooled Systems for Gas Turbine Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80377.

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Abstract Double wall effusion cooling (DWEC) systems for gas turbine blades utilise two skins connected by pedestals and take advantage of cooling benefits provided by impingement jets and film holes. The latter exhausts coolant externally onto the blade surface forming a protective layer against the high external heat loads, which can be enhanced via the beneficial influence of adjacent films. Consequently, increasingly porous outerskins are being considered in order to provide greater thermal protection and/or reduce the required coolant mass consumption. To realise such systems, further research must understand how the internal aerothermal field is affected by high porosity. A semi-decoupled unit-cell computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is applied to a range of DWEC systems to understand overall cooling effectiveness as well as internal characteristics. A comparison of internal convection highlights a shift in the breakdown of cooling performance, due to the large changes in wetted surface area of the outerskin. For low porosity, most of the internal cooling occurs through the jet impingement on the internal outerskin wall, while the addition of more film holes provides an increasingly greater proportion of convective heat transfer. On the external surface, porosity increased film effectiveness due to film superposition, provided a more uniform film coverage, and reduced the likelihood of jet-lift-off. Coupling the benefits of internal cooling and film effectiveness resulted in a reduction of mean metal temperature, peak temperature and temperature gradient between the outer and inner walls. Criteria reflecting the main drivers for thermal fatigue. Despite these benefits, for the most porous DWEC configuration a variation in mass flow between film holes was observed, and in some cases the risk of hot gas ingestion was evident. DWEC components would benefit from further understanding of the susceptibility to blockage, the pressure margin limits and the extent of flow migration.

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Yu, Gang, Junjun Wu, Yuanzhong Chen, and Ximing Wang. "Borehole-Driven 3D Surface Seismic Data Processing Using DAS-VSP Data." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21463-ms.

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Abstract A 3D surface seismic data acquisition project was conducted simultaneously with 3D DAS-VSP data acquisition in one well in Jilin Oilfield of Northen China. The 3D surface seismic data acquisition project covered an area of 75 km2, and one borehole (DS32-3) and an armoured optical cable with high temperature single mode fiber were used to acquire the 3D DAS-VSP data simultaneously when the crew was acquiring the 3D surface seismic data. The simultaneously acquired 3D DAS-VSP data were used to extract formation velocity, deconvolution operator, absorption, attenuation (Q value), anisotropy parameters (η, δ, ε) as wel as enhanced the surface seismic data processing including velocity model calibration and modification, static correction, deconvolution, demultiple processing, high frequency restoration, anisotropic migration, and Q-compensation or Q-migration. In this project, anisotropic migration, Q-migration was conducted with the anisotropy parameters (η, δ, ε) data volume and enhanced Q-field data volume obtained from the joint inversion of both the near surface 3D Q-field data volume from uphole data and the mid-deep layer Q-field data volume from all available VSP data in the 3D surface seismic surveey area. The anosotropic migration and Q-migration results show much sharper and focussed faults and and clearer subsutface structure.

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Liu, Xiaoxing, Wei Ge, and Jinghai Li. "Radial segregation driven by axial migration." In POWDERS AND GRAINS 2013: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812038.

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Reports on the topic "Drivers of migration"

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Finkelstein, Amy, Matthew Gentzkow, and Heidi Williams. Place-Based Drivers of Mortality: Evidence from Migration. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25975.

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de Rooij, Bertram, Ewa Tabeau, Herman Agricola, Katrine Soma, Catharien Terwisscha van Scheltinga, Marijke Kuiper, Monika Verma, and Marian Stuiver. The 'Water, food, energy and ecosystem Nexus’ and Migration : An explorative study of key drivers of migration flows and their impacts. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/507857.

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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.

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Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.

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Javid, Muhammad, and Fakhri Hasanov. Determinants of Remittance Outflows: The Case of Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2022-dp05.

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International labor migration has played a key role in the development of both advanced and developing countries. Many developing countries in Asia have relied on labor migration, mainly to the oil-rich Gulf region, to reduce both unemployment and poverty (Naseem 2007). Mansoor and Quillin (2006) explain that poverty, unemployment and low wages in developing countries are the main drivers of migration from these countries. Higher wages and the potential for improved standards of living and professional development in resource-rich countries are pull factors for migration.

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Eberle, Caitlyn, Oscar Higuera Roa, Amy Newsom, and Samara Polwatta. Technical Report: Wandering elephants. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/iemf6334.

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From March 2020 to September 2021, a herd of approximately 15 Asian elephants left their home in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. Along their journey, the herd broke into homes, damaged buildings and infrastructure, and destroyed crops, totaling estimated damage of over $1 million. The migration coincided with a severe drought in the region, indicating that the elephant’s habitat was likely unable to support them. As elephant populations have grown in southern China, habitat size and suitability has been reduced, increasing the likelihood of human-elephant conflict. As pressures such as climate change and population growth further push people and wildlife into shared spaces, management approaches must be tailored to the concept of coexistence. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the wandering elephants through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.

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Hatton, Timothy, and Jeffrey Williamson. What Fundamentals Drive World Migration? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9159.

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Finkelstein, Amy, Matthew Gentzkow, Dean Li, and Heidi Williams. What Drives Risky Prescription Opioid Use? Evidence from Migration. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30471.

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Hwang, Y., P. L. Chambre, T. H. Pigford, and W. W. L. Lee. Pressure-driven brine migration in a salt repository. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6019137.

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Razin, Assaf, and Alexander Horst Schwemmer. Ageing-Driven Migration and Redistribution: Comparing Policy Regimes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26998.

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Avis, William. Refugee and Mixed Migration Displacement from Afghanistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.002.

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This rapid literature review summarises evidence and key lessons that exist regarding previous refugee and mixed migration displacement from Afghanistan to surrounding countries. The review identified a diverse literature that explored past refugee and mixed migration, with a range of quantitative and qualitative studies identified. A complex and fluid picture is presented with waves of mixed migration (both outflow and inflow) associated with key events including the: Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989); Afghan Civil War (1992–96); Taliban Rule (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). A contextual picture emerges of Afghans having a long history of using mobility as a survival strategy or as social, economic and political insurance for improving livelihoods or to escape conflict and natural disasters. Whilst violence has been a principal driver of population movements among Afghans, it is not the only cause. Migration has also been associated with natural disasters (primarily drought) which is considered a particular issue across much of the country – this is associated primarily with internal displacement. Further to this, COVID-19 is impacting upon and prompting migration to and from Afghanistan. Data on refugee and mixed migration movement is diverse and at times contradictory given the fluidity and the blurring of boundaries between types of movements. Various estimates exist for numbers of Afghanistan refugees globally. It is also important to note that migratory flows are often fluid involving settlement in neighbouring countries, return to Afghanistan. In many countries, Afghani migrants and refugees face uncertain political situations and have, in recent years, been ‘coerced’ into returning to Afghanistan with much discussion of a ‘return bias’ being evident in official policies. The literature identified in this report (a mix of academic, humanitarian agency and NGO) is predominantly focused on Pakistan and Iran with a less established evidence base on the scale of Afghan refugee and migrant communities in other countries in the region. . Whilst conflict has been a primary driver of displacement, it has intersected with drought conditions and poor adherence to COVID-19 mitigation protocols. Past efforts to address displacement internationally have affirmed return as the primary objective in relation to durable solutions; practically, efforts promoted improved programming interventions towards creating conditions for sustainable return and achieving improved reintegration prospects for those already returned to Afghanistan.

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