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Academic literature on the topic 'Drivers of CSR practices'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Drivers of CSR practices"

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Wilson, Derrick Ashietey Yebuah, Gang Tian, Gabriel Dodzi Pekyi, Michael Novor Addo, Prince Owusu Sarkodie, and Afako Jephthah Kwame. "Institutional Drivers for Corporate Social Responsibility of Ghanaian Firms." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.1.731.

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The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has dominated the academic space with a significant number of studies focusing on attempting to establish the relationship between corporate responsibility and firm performance. Minimal empirical attention is, however, accorded to attempting to establish what drives corporate responsibility among firms. This study sought to examine the institutional drivers for CSR practices of firms in Ghana using a mixed-method approach. An interview was conducted with personnel in charge of executing their respective firm’s corporate responsibility initiatives to obtain a firsthand insight into the level of appreciation for CSR among Ghanaian firms as well as to identify the drivers for CSR. The drivers for CSR were classified into internal and external institutional drivers. The study sourced for data for its analysis by administering questionnaires to 100 respondents. Responses were quantitatively analyzed using a regression technique. Among the internal drivers for CSR, it was found that only board commitment to CSR was a significant and positive driver of corporate responsibility. International trade relations, the media, and the local community were similarly found to be significant and positive drivers of CSR among the external drivers. Regulations was found to be a significant driver for CSR but impacted on corporate responsibility negatively. It is recommended that incentives by the government, award schemes, and enforcement of CSR reporting be implemented to drive a broad adoption of CSR among firms in developing nations.
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Singh, Shubham, and Shashank Mittal. "Analysis of drivers of CSR practices’ implementation among family firms in India." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 4 (September 2, 2019): 947–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-09-2018-1536.

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Purpose Differences in institutional environment and governance structures pave the way for heterogeneous nature of different businesses; this, in turn, shapes the way various sections of society act toward each other enacting their responsibilities. Taking into account the unique institutional environment and governance structures of firms in developing economies, this paper aims to build on the “stakeholder theory” to address the issue of the implementation of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) practices in these economies, particularly India. This paper also aims to uncover the saliency (legitimacy and power) of different stakeholder groups on different aspects of a firm’s CSR activities. Further, as most of the firms in developing economies are family-run firms, the paper examines role of organizational leadership in shaping firms’ CSR strategies. Design/methodology/approach Integrating literature on “stakeholder theory” and CSR, this paper examines the implementation of different CSR practices by family-run firms in India. This paper uses survey research to collect data from 80 privately held family firms operating in apparel and textiles industry in India. The data have been collected from respondents holding top leadership positions in the sample firms. Findings The findings indicate that pressure from primary stakeholders (i.e. customers, employees and shareholders) and CSR-oriented leadership belief significantly influence organizational implementation of CSR practices, whereas pressure from secondary stakeholder (i.e. community groups and non-governmental organizations) was found to be insignificant. Further, CSR-oriented leadership belief moderated the relationship between primary stakeholder pressure and organizational implementation of CSR practices. The findings equally highlighted lower saliency of secondary stakeholder’s legitimacy and power because of weak institutional mechanisms, while on the other hand, the primary stakeholders exert considerable power because of the direct nature of transactional legitimacy, further accentuated by the governance structure in family firms. Originality/value This paper is among the very few studies that address the issue of CSR among family-run businesses in developing economies. Existing frameworks on analyzing firm’s implementation of CSR practices does not recognize the inherent heterogeneity among different stakeholder groups. Recognizing that different stakeholders have different levels of influence over firms, this paper categorized the stakeholders’ groups into primary and secondary to analyze their differential impact over firms. Additionally, given the critical role of leadership belief in the implementation of CSR practices, this paper analyzed the moderated effect of CSR-oriented leadership belief toward developing a more robust model of CSR implementation.
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Doś, Anna. "The Effect of Foreign Equity Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility: Empirical Evidence from Poland." e-Finanse 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0030.

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AbstractIn the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) the origin of the equity is seen as one the drivers of CSR. There is evidence of multinational corporations stimulating diffusion of CSR practices in a few emerging economies. There are no similar studies focusing on the Polish economy. Since CSR practices are country-specific it is important to investigate if and how capital flows foster corporate social responsibility among firms established and operating in Poland. The method applied in the study is a statistical analysis of the ownership structure of firm whose socially responsible practices are highly ranked by the independent think-tanks compared to the ownership structure of their most relevant competitors. The results allow for a more comprehensive understanding of CSR drivers in Poland as well as the role of foreign capital in reshaping economic structures in Poland.
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Voinea, Cosmina Lelia, Marcel Logger, Fawad Rauf, and Nadine Roijakkers. "Drivers for Sustainable Business Models in Start-Ups: Multiple Case Studies." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 6884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11246884.

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Mechanisms that large organizations employ to facilitate corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement simply do not apply to start-ups due to distinct differences. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how start-ups strive for sustainability in their business models by investigating internal and external drivers related to organizational processes, managerial characteristics, and stakeholder expectations. We explored key factors such as decision-making regarding CSR engagement, business values about sustainability, entrepreneurial orientation, and the relevance of the CSR theater (philanthropic orientation, disruptive innovation, or transforming the ecosystem). Multiple case studies and interview data elucidated how start-ups engage with their community and stakeholders to determine the best approach to sustainability demands, how start-ups embed sustainability practices within their business models, and how these practices match with the entrepreneurs’ personalities. On the basis of our case studies and data analysis, we propose that the decision to engage in CSR is treated as an investment decision. The business values of a start-up determine its CSR engagement. The philanthropic drive of a start-up determines its CSR initiatives, which are then in line with the field the start-up is operating in. Entrepreneurs’ willingness to adopt CSR practices is determined by their personalities and organizational expertise and experiences. CSR engagement within the business models of start-ups is based on a combination of financial and social capital, while financial benefits act as a continuous motivator for CSR engagement from inception.
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Bandeira Pinheiro, Alan, José Carlos Lázaro da Silva Filho, and Márcia Zabdiele Moreira. "Institutional drivers for corporate social responsibility in the utilities sector." Revista de Gestão 28, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 186–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rege-08-2019-0088.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the influence of characteristics of the institutional environment on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approachThis is a quantitative and descriptive research. The dependent variables used were environmental dimension (ED) and social dimension (SD) that together compose the corporate social performance (CSP). The independent variables that will be used are the characteristics of the institutional environments of Brazil and the UK. Thus, for this end, variables of the national business system of both countries will be used: corruption transparency, access to credit by countries, quality of the education system and labor relations. After their collection, the data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistics and hierarchical regression.FindingsData show that UK companies make more disclosure in CSR than Brazilian companies. Through linear regression, it can be seen that the institutional environment affects disclosure in CSR. In the UK, a country with better educational, labor, political and financial indicators than Brazil, it presented better CSR practices. The findings reveal that the better an institutional environment, the more firms act in CSR. The findings of the research confirm the premise of institutional theory: different institutional fields can modify business performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study analyzed only the disclosure practices of companies in the public sector. Thus, the results should be carefully analyzed, without generalizations for all industry sectors. Therefore, it is suggested that future research looks at other industry sectors as well as other institutional contexts, i.e. other countries.Practical implicationsMultinational companies may have different CSR practices according to the institutional environment in which they operate. For example, companies in developed countries, such as the UK, have greater stakeholder pressure. Given this, managers must adapt their environmental strategies according to the institutional environment in which they operate.Originality/valueThis research contributes to CSR studies in various institutional contexts. There is a consensus in the literature that institutional environments affect firms' CSR practices. However, few empirical studies show results between the national business system and CSR. Thus, the present study intends to fill this research gap.
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Singh, Nitya, and Paul Hong. "CSR, Risk Management Practices, and Performance Outcomes: An Empirical Investigation of Firms in Different Industries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16020069.

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This article presents a research model that defines how external drivers impact financial performance outcomes, and the role played by strategic practices (especially CSR) in reducing the negative impact of such external influences. Applying strategic orientation theory, risk management theory, and CSR theory as the encompassing theoretical rationale, the conceptual framework defines the research idea and the research model provides the empirically testable model that identifies key variables with valid instrument measures. The results indicate that although external supply chain risk drivers do negatively impact a firm’s financial performance, the influence of these risk events can be mitigated if firms adopt focused strategic practices. The results highlight the significant role played by CSR strategic practices in enabling firms to develop resilience from disruption events. In our research model, CSR, as an organizational linkage practice, is positioned in between upfront strategic flow and back-end performance flow. It suggests that CSR success is only possible when CSR is implemented broadly throughout organizational processes. Based on the empirical results, lessons and implications are presented for theoretical and managerial insights and future research.
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El-Bassiouny, Dina, and Peter Letmathe. "The adoption of CSR practices in Egypt: internal efficiency or external legitimation?" Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 9, no. 5 (November 5, 2018): 642–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-10-2017-0126.

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Purpose This study aims to focus on the factors triggering the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in a developing country context. The authors examine whether the adoption of CSR practices is triggered more by internal efficiency forces or external legitimation forces. As early adoptions of new systems are more likely driven by efficiency motives, the authors argue that CSR practices in developing countries at nascent stages are more likely adopted for efficiency rather than legitimation reasons. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional sampling design was used to collect data on the CSR practices of top listed Egyptian firms and multinationals operating in Egypt. The sample size is selected based on a purposive criterion sampling method. The final sample size consists of 110 companies operating in Egypt, which includes 54 local and 56 multinational companies. To examine the relationship between the explanatory variables of the study and CSR, multiple regression analysis was used. Findings Using data from 110 top listed local companies and multinational firms operating in Egypt, the results show a significant influence of internal corporate governance on CSR. Yet, the effects of external factors, specifically legal regulations and stakeholder pressures, on CSR are perceived to be insignificant. This finding contrasts studies from industrialized countries in the Western world where firms are often motivated to invest in CSR by external forces. Practical implications The results indicate that the adoption of CSR practices in large firms in Egypt is driven more by internal efficiency gains rather than external legitimacy pressures. The study thus presses the need for the effective enforcement of governmental laws and regulations to strengthen external institutional pressures and demands for socially responsible behavior. Social implications The results of the study indicate a perceived absence of stakeholder pressure for CSR practices. As such, raising awareness for corporate accountability amongst Egyptian consumers, employees and the general public would increase corporate incentives to improve their social and environmental performance. In addition, the concept of CSR must be cultivated in the organizational culture where high value is placed on corporate ethics and managerial values. Originality/value This study provides insights about the predominant drivers of CSR in Egypt on two different levels; the organizational and the business environment. Salient links between CSR, internal corporate governance mechanisms and external drivers such as external stakeholder and legal pressures are explored. The results of the study also emphasize the importance of internal corporate governance mechanisms and how it is perceived to be the main driver of CSR in Egypt as opposed to external influences.
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Gazzola, Patrizia, Stefano Amelio, and Roberta Pezzetti. "CSR as a Driver of Corporate Reputation: Family Firms in the Italian Luxury Industry." International Journal of Business Administration 11, no. 6 (October 19, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v11n6p21.

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The aim of the paper is to analyse the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and brand reputation in the luxury sector. In particular, the paper from one hand analyzes the drivers that lead to a growing integration of social responsibility in the competitive strategies of luxury firms and, on the other hand focuses on the role of CSR as a driver of brand reputation. Starting from review of the literature, the factors that influence the reputation in the brand-based global luxury industry are discussed, highlighting a gradual shift from reputation based on product quality to one focused on firm’s sustainability. The methodology also includes three case studies of Italian family firms representing best practices in CRS reputation according to 2015 version of Standard Ethics Italian Index: Brunello Cucinelli, Damiani and Luxottica. The study highlights the increasing role CSR practices are assuming in the luxury industry along with the needs for luxury firms to adopt strategic innovations and innovative business models coherent with the principles of sustainability. Furthermore, the analysis illustrates how different socially responsible behaviors have influenced the economic results of the three companies analyzed. The empirical evidences contribute to the CSR and reputation literature by focusing on Italian family firms operating in the luxury sector.
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Kim, Min-Seong, Brijesh Thapa, and Stephen Holland. "Drivers of perceived market and eco-performance in the foodservice industry." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 720–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2016-0361.

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Purpose To foster environmental and sustainable practices, foodservice enterprises should exhibit a high degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR), ecological consciousness and innovation in green initiatives. This study examines the influences of CSR practices (i.e. economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic), environmental marketing activities (i.e. strategic and tactical) and innovation (i.e.technological and organizational) as drivers of market and eco-performance in the foodservice industry. Design/methodology/approach Based on an established framework of CSR, environmental marketing and innovation, an exploratory conceptual model was formulated and empirically assessed. Survey data were collected from representatives of the Korean foodservice franchise industry. Data analysis consisted of frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis. Findings Market performance was influenced by tactical environmental marketing, as well as technological and organizational innovation. Eco-performance was affected by tactical environmental marketing and technological innovation. However, technological innovation and organizational innovation were influenced by tactical environmental marketing, but were not significantly affected by strategic environmental marketing. Additionally, strategic environmental marketing was influenced by economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic CSR. Last, tactical environmental marketing was affected by economic, ethical and philanthropic CSR. Practical implications CSR, environmental marketing activities and innovation provide numerous benefits to businesses. Such benefits include enhanced market and eco-performance, both of which create competitive advantages. Originality/value There is a paucity of research on the effects of environmental marketing and innovation on corporate performance in the foodservice industry. The findings provide greater insights into the impacts of CSR, environmental marketing and innovation on corporations’ desired outcomes.
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Martos-Pedrero, Antonio, David Jiménez-Castillo, and Francisco Joaquín Cortés-García. "Examining drivers and outcomes of corporate social responsibility in agri-food firms." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 68, No. 3 (March 17, 2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/398/2021-agricecon.

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This study attempts to contribute to the debate on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance (FP), image and reputation (IR) of agri-food firms, examining whether the legal form of organization (LFO) (cooperatives vs. capital firms) moderates these relationships. To this aim, we also consider the potential effects of two scarcely investigated factors that can determine firms' CSR orientation, that is, the capacity to absorb CSR-related knowledge and the perception that managers have of ethics and social responsibility. Using data from a sample of 107 trading firms in the agri-food sector in Almeria (Spain), we show that both factors play a decisive role in the firms' CSR orientation, which has been measured as a multidimensional construct. Also, the orientation towards socially and environmentally responsible practices positively affect IR of agri-food firms and their FP. The relationship with the FP is stronger in the case of cooperatives compared to capital firms. Key implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drivers of CSR practices"

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Forslind, Maja. "Finding the Dollar Language : Drivers and rationales for monetising corporate environmental and social impacts– practices in counting the true value of business operation from ecosystem services perspective." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85855.

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The thesis explores how monetisation of corporate externalities, can be carried out in order to provide investors, policy makers and consumers with accurate pictures of the true costs and benefits of business operations from a resilience and ecosystem services perspective. By drawing conclusions from company cases, and previous research – methods, drivers and monetary values of impacts such as carbon dioxide, water usage, pollutants and land use are analysed. The findings reflect opportunities that open up with monetisation, in terms of tools for guidance and support in internal corporate decision making, by making the actual impacts visualised and understandable. Findings from company cases, show that monetisation of corporate effects has potential to contribute to visualising impacts – and add knowledge that may close information gaps internally as well as externally. It can guide and facilitate strategic choices at corporate level. It may also have a role in bridging information asymmetries in the picture of a firm’s operation, to consumers and investors. Monetising effects may facilitate identification of risks arising from ecosystem services dependencies, visualising the actual impacts by, assed costs in losses in ecosystems’ production (yields e.g.) caused by corporate harm.Providing relevant information to policy makers, on obstacles and where regulative incentives are needed, and investors and consumers with guidance, monetisation of impacts potentially can play a part in bridging market information gaps toward better incentive structures and possibly facilitating effective market transformation in favor of sustainable production and consumption patterns.
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Reich, Alexandra E. "Balancing Tensions in Sustainability: Theory and Practices of Narrative-Driven Small Business." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1617813299771502.

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Öberseder, Magdalena, Bodo B. Schlegelmilch, and Patrick E. Murphy. "CSR Practices and Consumer Perceptions." Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.005.

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Researchers and companies are paying increasing attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs and the reaction to them by consumers. But despite such corporate efforts and an expanding literature exploring consumers' response to CSR, it remains unclear how consumers perceive CSR and which "Gestalt" consumers have in mind when considering CSR. Moreover, academics and managers lack a tool for measuring consumers' perceptions of CSR. This research explores consumers' perceptions of CSR and develops a measurement model for them. Based on qualitative data from interviews with managers and consumers, a conceptualization of consumers' perceptions of CSR is developed. Subsequently, this model is tested and validated on three large quantitative data sets. The conceptualization and the measurement scale help companies assess consumers' perceptions of CSR relative to their performance. They also enable managers to identify shortcomings in CSR engagement and/or communication. Finally, the paper discusses implications for marketing practice and future research. (authors' abstract)
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Mengel, Niklas. "Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Family Businesses." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264545.

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This thesis analyzed the Drivers and Implementation Approaches of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Family Businesses. Qualitative Analysis based on Semi-Structured Interviews was conducted in the region of Southern Lower Saxony and later on quantified through category-based Content Analysis. The results suggest that Drivers of CSR can be divided into value-based and strategic, and Implementation Approaches into informal and formal. Family Businesses are more likely to be driven by values and implement an informal approach. Further, a model to define CSR, called Four-Peak Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility, was developed. It consists of two fundamental stones of CSR, Compliance and Profitability, and four peaks called Marketplace, Workplace, Community and Environment.
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Buchner, Stefan. "The Concept of CSR : An empirical study of practitioners' CSR conceptions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12779.

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Khan, Muhammad Saleem, and Muhammad Naveed. "Management Role in CSR Practices : A Case of Telenor Pakistan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-16258.

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Corporate social responsibility strategy is an important issue for the contemporary debate on corporations in society when considering social and environmental impacts. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become more essential for every company across the world during last few decades. Therefore we see that the company image and reputation is completely dependent on the practical implementation of social responsibility strategies. This paper presents a theoretical review exhibits the relationship of Telenor management and their CSR practices in Pakistan. In this paper, we examined that Pakistan is a developing country where most of the local companies are unaware about the concept of CSR which has been now introduced by multinational companies and NGOs. The basic purpose of this study is that how businesses practice CSR and how they develop their strategies which positively affect the performance of an organization as well as the society. The key focus of this study is to examine company’s perceptions about corporate social responsibility. A qualitative method was used to discuss the case study of Telenor Pakistan in this research. Data has been gathered from different scientific articles and research books for theoretical framework of CSR and strategic management whereas empirical data was gathered from company annual reports available on company website. Although Telenor Pakistan is very new and at initial stages in introducing the concept of CSR but the company objectives and strategies are very clear towards the welfare of environment and society. Participation in emergency response programs in flood and earthquake affected areas; community support programs and environmental awareness are company’s major efforts and achievements which portray its positive image in the society.
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Mehjabeen, Melita. "THe politics of CSR reporting practices : a traditional economy perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-politics-of-csr-reporting-practices-a-traditional-economy-perspective(9a36bc1e-a795-43c8-8d84-35eb654dbadb).html.

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This study explores the political perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting practices in a traditional economy. Previous studies on CSR reporting have identified a number of drivers/motivations of CSR disclosures including market, community and stakeholder influence. It is also argued that CSR may provide a setting for political patronage and interests, which may eventually lead to the absence of accountability. The possibility of exploiting CSR disclosures in developing countries/ traditional setting as characterized by Weber (1978) is even greater due to the prevalence of family controlled firms, political interference and favoritism, absence of rational corporate governance mechanisms and institutional investors, and inefficient and underdeveloped capital market. Yet, the role of political influence in CSR disclosures still needs to be explored and theorized. This study fills in this gap by drawing on the disclosures of corporations. Borrowing Weber's notion of traditionalism and traditional society and using the Weberian framework developed by Colignon and Covaleski (1991), this thesis explores deeply into the underlying nature of CSR practices of public limited companies in Bangladesh. Based on the Weberian framework and using the interacting methodologies of Weber, the study analyzes the structural, historical, economic and political conditions of the research site, Bangladesh, sets the tension between tradition and modernity, and identifies whether elements of traditionalism such as personal loyalty, obedience, family domination and kinship provide richer insights into the political aspects of organizations' CSR practices. The researcher employs mixed methods in this study. The study conducts OLS multiple regression to investigate the influence of political connections on CSR disclosure index. The second part of the research conducts in depth interviews with the current and former Board of Directors, CEOs, current and former policy makers in the government to provide explanatory powers as to why and how the companies use CSR as a political tool to express their allegiance towards the ruling power. The research documents association of political connections with CSRDI and also reports the presence of political motivations behind the CSR practices. The findings show that companies express their loyalty publicly by contributing to the ruling leader's programs and personal projects as CSR. The interview findings also reflect the presence of elements of traditionalism such as obedience, master-servant relationship, and family domination to understand the politically motivated CSR disclosures. As expected in a traditional setting, accountability and transparency would not transpire from imposed regulations and institutions, rather from the familial political power. This research contributes to the CSR literature by using a novel and alternative theoretical lens to understand the motivations of CSR in traditional societies. In addition, it provides a diverse methodological perspective by introducing mixed methods to critical accounting research. It also provides empirical evidence to a critique of CSR as an accountability mechanism in an arena where business depends fundamentally on political connections and familial power. Thus, the power of accounting as an articulation of accountability relationships is muted, if not ignored, in traditional societies (Dyball, Chua and Poullaos, 2006). This research opens up the scope to use the wealth of the Weberian framework to understand the accounting practices in both traditional as well as modern rational society.
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Maslarov, Boris, and Toma Georgiev. "The Importance of Practices in Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. : A case study of Volvo Cars." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54588.

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Background: In recent years, interest towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has increased, more specifically, the economic, environmental, and social impacts large corporations have on society. This has led to the increase in transparency of practices in CSR disclosure, and number of sustainability reports published in general. In particular, the automotive industry has proved to be quite unsustainable, and is heavily focusing on its sustainable impacts. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to answer why practices in CSR disclosure are an increasingly important phenomena, and more specifically, why companies engage in them. This is done by having Volvo Cars as a case study and analyzing its annual and sustainability reports for the years from 2018 to 2020. Method: The framework used to analyze the results is Carroll’s pyramid of CSR, and thus, examining four dimensions of CSR: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. The results were further analyzed through stakeholder theory, in order to distinguish which practices in CSR disclosure were aimed at affecting the company’s primary, secondary, and both primary and secondary stakeholders, respectively, and conclude why companies in the automotive industry engage in CSR. Conclusion: The conclusions of the study are that Volvo Cars is a company, which heavily emphasizes on its sustainable activities and aims at achieving a competitive advantage via its practices in CSR disclosure, by affecting all stakeholder groups. Thus, the reason practices in CSR disclosure are becoming increasingly important is because companies see it as a means of positioning themselves in today’s highly competitive environment, and thus, achieving a competitive advantage.
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Mihai, Eliza-Gabriela, and Jean-Paul Bakkenist. "The impact of external CSR practices on employees : Exploring the organizational activities that influence employee engagement within CSR." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39718.

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Fundamentally the aim of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is to initiate social and/or environmental change. Because of the increased awareness of stakeholders and other public actors, it has become of any company’s interest to uphold their public image. The question remains whether companies undertake CSR activities for intrinsic moral reasons or to only uphold their reputation. Most research regarding CSR focuses on the influence of external factors (such as major stakeholders) and how different goals and opinions between these major actors reciprocate. One stakeholder within the sphere of CSR which has often been overlooked but has gained increased attention is the employee. So far, little attention has been paid to the people at work, like the human experience of the worker, thus questions remain regarding the influence of CSR activities on the identification, commitment, and satisfaction of employees.
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Costa, Claúdia Sofia Dias. "CSR practices and labor retention: how can these variables be related?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11750.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
Companies offer volunteering activities and training & development for several reasons but mainly because it is an investment that can have a great impact in one variable with major importance within every company: labor retention, once socially responsible companies are likely viewed as better companies to work with and which value more their employees and their interests and values. Using survey information collected from 100 business professionals, this exploratory study proposed that the investment in both company-sponsored volunteering and training & development will have a positive impact in affective commitment and organizational identification that as last result will reduce the employees’ turnover intentions and consequently there will be a higher retention rate of employees in the company. This is crucial for companies nowadays because it is a competitive advantage which makes them stand out from others, once these socially responsible companies are able to keep their employees trained and with values aligned with the ones that characterize the company, getting positive outcomes from the investment they are making in human capital. Using a sample of 65 employees from different industries and roles within the company, results indicated that these CSR measures have a statistically significant impact on turnover intentions and, by consequence on labor retention.
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Books on the topic "Drivers of CSR practices"

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Choquette, Mary. Emerging practices in CSR management. Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada, 2002.

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Ray, Nilanjan, and Abhijeet Bag. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146414.

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BSM practical test for car drivers. Basingstoke: AA, 2011.

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Indonesia, PT Visi Sinergi. The best practices of CSR & environmental program in Indonesia. 2nd ed. Bekasi]: Visi Sinergi Indonesia, 2011.

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Ouédraogo, Alidou. Multinational's CSR practices in developing countries: An international perspective. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., 2015.

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Sundeen, Matthew. Driver history records: State practices for commercial and noncommercial drivers. Denver, Colo: National Conference of State Legislatures, 2001.

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Zainal, Rabin Ibnu. Best practices: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) : sebuah pengalaman membangun multistakeholder engagement bagi penerapan CSR di Kabupaten Muba, Sumatera Selatan. [Palembang]: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Unsri didukung oleh Partnership for Governance Reform in Indonesia, Uni Eropa, dan P3EM FE Unsri, 2006.

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Stock car legends: The laughs, practical jokes, and fun stories from racing's greats! Nashville, TN: Premium Press America, 1994.

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Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition (1987 : Dearborn, Mich.), ed. U.S. truck driver anthropometric and truck work space: Survey and recommended practices. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1987.

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1943-, Smith Jack. Car accident: A practical recovery manual for drivers, passengers, and the people in their lives. Cleveland, Ohio: StressPress, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drivers of CSR practices"

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Vanpeperstraete, Ben. "The Rana Plaza Collapse and the Case for Enforceable Agreements with Apparel Brands." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 137–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_9.

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AbstractDisasters like the Rana Plaza collapse and the Tazreen Fashions and Ali Enterprises fires painfully demonstrate the limits of conventional models of labour regulation in global supply chains. Buyer-driven markets characterised by outsourcing, subcontracting and offshoring, and the price pressure that results from them, undermines both the regulatory role of the state and the potential for collective bargaining. As a result, poor and unsafe working conditions prevail in transnational corporate supply chains in the garment industry. The aforementioned disasters offer a textbook example of the challenges facing the current clothing industry and the limits of the dominant “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) model used to address labour rights abuses.Yet, the responses to these disasters also provide fertile ground for alternative “worker-driven” strategies, where worker organisations enter into negotiated supply chain agreements with transnational corporations and hold the latter to account. The Bangladesh Accord and Rana Plaza Arrangement, as well as the corollary Tazreen Compensation Agreement and Ali Enterprises Compensation Agreement attempt to develop a counter-hegemonic alternative to dominant CSR practices and offer new strategies for social justice within global supply chains. This chapter describes and contextualises these agreements in a broader trajectory of labour organisations bargaining and negotiating such agreements with lead firms, highlighting how the post-Rana Plaza momentum made significant strides possible in terms of the depth, scope and enforceability of these negotiated agreements. The chapter identifies the strengths of these developments, but also identifies room for improvement for future negotiated enforceable agreements with apparel brands.
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Eleblu, John Saviour Yaw, Eugene Tenkorang Darko, and Eric Yirenkyi Danquah. "Case for Climate Smart Agriculture in Addressing the Threat of Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 131–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_32.

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AbstractClimate smart agriculture (CSA) embodies a blend of innovations, practices, systems, and investment programmes that are used to mitigate against the adverse effects of climate change and variability on agriculture for sustained food production. Food crop production under various climate change scenarios requires the use of improved technologies that are called climate smart agriculture to ensure increased productivity under adverse conditions of increased global temperatures, frequent and more intense storms, floods and drought stresses. This chapter summarizes available information on climate change and climate smart agriculture technologies. It is important to evaluate each climate change scenario and provide technologies that farmers, research scientists, and policy drivers can use to create the desired climate smart agriculture given the array of tools and resources available.
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Turker, Duygu. "What Are the Drivers of Social Responsibility?" In CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, 17–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91710-8_2.

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Fijałkowska, Justyna, and Małgorzata Macuda. "CSR Reporting Practices in Poland." In Corporate Social Responsibility in Poland, 195–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00440-8_13.

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Ogbechie, Chris, and Dimitrios N. Koufopoulos. "Corporate Governance Practices in Nigeria." In CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, 373–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44955-0_15.

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Del Baldo, Mara. "Case Studies and Best Practices." In CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, 277–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50918-1_6.

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Vargas-Hernández, José G., and L. G. E. A. José Luis Soriano Sandoval. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Labor Development, and Quality of Life of Workers." In Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices, 1–21. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146414-1.

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Yadav, Subah Singh, and Satyaveer Singh. "Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility." In Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices, 37–55. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146414-3.

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Das, Priyanka. "A Study on the Relationship between CSR Spending and the Firms' Profitability of Select Indian FMCG Companies." In Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices, 23–35. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146414-2.

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Amoako, George Kofi, Effie Kwansema Ansah, Rebecca Baah-Ofori, and Gladys Narki Kumi Som. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Firm Reputation, and Reputational Risks: A Case of the Banking Sector in Ghana." In Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices, 177–99. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146414-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drivers of CSR practices"

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Tocev, Todor, Ivan Dionisijev, and Zoran Minovski. "THE PRACTICE AND DRIVERS OF CSR DISCLOSURE AMONG THE BLUE-CHIP COMPANIES IN NORTH MACEDONIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0002.

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Non-financial reporting is becoming an increasingly common topic of discussion and is a matter of time before it is regularly implemented around the world. Stakeholders want to see how companies contribute to the common good and what social activities they undertake, so although in the Macedonian practice Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure is not mandatory, there is a growing intention to publicly disclose information about social activities. CSR is extremely important for businesses and other stakeholders, and it requires businesses to develop a corporate strategy that balances environmental, social, and ethical concerns. Through this type of activities, companies manage to increase their influence in society, to leave a good impression but also to contribute to the improvement of society and place of living, which is a win-win situation for everyone. The paper aims to examine the level of CSR reporting in domestic practice, through research conducted on the blue-chip companies listed on the Macedonian Stock Exchange. We analyzed the financial and annual reports and official websites of the joint stock companies that were part of the MBI10 index in the period from 2016 to 2020. First, a theoretical review of the CSR is presented, followed by a literature review on the CSR’s indicators and the state of the CSR in the Macedonian practice. Our findings from the conducted content analysis and linear regression show that larger and more profitable companies show a greater propensity for social responsibility and display more information about their undertaken social related activities.
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Dewi, Rivanti Santiara. "CSR Reporting Practices, CSR Disclosure, and The Cost of Equity Capital." In Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics Symposium 2018 on Special Session for Indonesian Study. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007017304920498.

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Han, Ziwen, Ying Zhao, Hao Yang, Nan Fu, and Yifan Han. "From the Driver's Point of View of Information Reception: Building a Design Strategy for Aiding Interaction with Novice Drivers." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001920.

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This paper focuses on the division of driving experience into novice drivers and experienced drivers, with novice drivers considered as the target group. The relationship between the two shows that novice driving is an inevitable process to become experienced driving and shows that the development and formation of driving habits is extraordinarily important. In practice, this is often the case: novice drivers are accompanied by driving instructors. However, the amount of information received by the novice driver is invariably increased. Not only do they have to receive information from the driver's guide, but they also need to be aware of the road conditions and information in the car. This high volume of information leaves the novice driver with a limited attention span and insufficient driving ability. In this research and quantitative analysis, we extract and analyse the needs of novice drivers and the sources of information quality, propose a novice driver information processing model, establish a human-machine model of assisted driving for novice drivers and a novice driver assistance interaction design strategy, with the goal of improving the execution efficiency of novice drivers, developing systematic driving knowledge and forming good driving habits.
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Mattera, Marina. "IoT as an Enabler for Successful CSR Practices." In ICISS 2020: 2020 The 3rd International Conference on Information Science and System. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3388176.3388177.

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Plant, Ed, and Sue Capper. "CSA Z663: Land Use Planning in the Vicinity of Pipelines." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78808.

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There are few standards or regulations to help stakeholders consider land use and development in the vicinity of existing pipeline systems. Land use planning that considers the existence of pipeline systems can support the planning for and provision of emergency services and pipeline integrity. This approach can also promote public safety and awareness through consistent and collaborative stakeholder engagement early in the land use planning process. In 2016, a CSA workshop was held with a variety of stakeholders impacted by land use planning around pipeline systems. The workshop identified that there was a need for consistency across the jurisdictions in the form of a national standard. The main goal of the new CSA Z663 standard is to provide guidance and best practices for land use planning and development. It also addresses roles, responsibilities and engagement of all stakeholders to help establish a consistent approach to land use planning. A review of CSA Z663 will illustrate how this document provides information, guidance and tools that are inclusive to all stakeholders. This paper will also highlight the history and key drivers behind the new CSA Z663 standard and provide an overview of the current scope and content. Finally, the paper will describe future considerations and additions to the standard.
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Zamorshchikova, Valeria. "MINING AND INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES : CSR PRACTICES OF MINING COMPANIES." In 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2016. Stef92 Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2016/b12/s03.077.

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Chang, Ariana, Wayland Chang, and Wei Lo. "CSR Practices: Social Value Creation via Buy-one Give-one Model." In Annual International Conference on Business Strategy in the Age of Disruption (BizStrategy 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1970_bizstrategy16.17.

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Leone Borges, Matheus, and ROSLEY ANHOLON. "Overview of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices developed by Brazilian companies." In XXV Congresso de Iniciação Cientifica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2017-77920.

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Tutino, Marco, Giorgia Mattei, Niccolo’ Paoloni, and Valentina Santolamazza. "Corporate governance, CSR and financial performances: What types of relationships exist between these dimensions?" In Corporate Governance: Search for the advanced practices. Virtus Interpress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cpr19p12.

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Thommyppillai, M., S. Evangelou, and R. S. Sharp. "Towards a practical virtual racing-car driver." In 2009 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2009.7075183.

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Reports on the topic "Drivers of CSR practices"

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Melati, Kuntum, Jaee Nikam, and Phuong Nguyen. Barriers and drivers for enterprises to transition to circular economy. Stockholm Environment Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.029.

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This brief provides an overview and discussion of barriers and drivers for enterprises to adopt circular economy practices. The research involved a literature review, an online survey with enterprises in the Southeast Asian region, and an in-person workshop discussing circular practices with private companies and other circular economy stakeholders. Business leaders and enterprises often understand the benefits of circular economy approaches but lack appropriate support from policy and financial institutions to make the necessary investments towards change.
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Clement, Timothy, and Brett Vaughan. Evaluation of a mobile learning platform for clinical supervision. University of Melbourne, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124369.

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Context: This report details a formative evaluation of the Clinical Supervision Online (CSO) course, a fee-paying, fully online ‘light touch’ program of study for clinical supervisors offered by the Melbourne Medical School, which was developed in conjunction with the University’s Mobile Learning Unit. The course requires between six to ten hours of self-directed study and is designed for any clinicians who teach. Methods: Evaluation of the course was guided by Rossi, Lipsey and Freeman’s (2004) approach to program evaluation, addressing the need for the course, its design, implementation, impact, and return on investment. Data were collected through interviews with key informants, document analysis, an embedded student survey, learning analytics data, financial data, and an audit against ‘best practice’ standards for online course design. Findings: The findings suggest that course development was driven by both a financial imperative and genuine concern to meet training needs of clinical supervisors. Two hundred and four students enrolled on the course in its first 18 months. This has been enough to cover its developmental costs. In relation to 64 quality standards for online course design, the level of performance was rated as ‘meets’ for 44 items; ‘exceeds’ for one item; ‘developing for 13 items’; and, ‘non-existent’ for six items. An additional 33 items were identified as ‘not applicable’ for the ‘light touch’ course design. Significance: From a learning design perspective there is much to like about the CSO course and the outcome of assessing it against the standards for ‘best practice’ online course design suggests that an evolutionary approach - making incremental changes - could improve the course whilst retaining its existing ‘light touch’ format. The CSO course on its own is unlikely to realise the depth of achievement implied in the course aims and learning outcomes. The CSO course may best be seen as an entrée into the art of clinical supervision.
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Iwara, MaryAnne. Hybrid Peacebuilding Approaches in Africa: Harnessing Complementary Parallels. RESOLVE Network, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2020.15.lpbi.

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Many of the most pressing conflicts across sub-Saharan Africa today—including violent extremism, sexual and gender-based violence, pastoralist/farmer conflicts, and criminal banditry—are shaped by local, community-level drivers. Despite these local drivers, however, international peacebuilding approaches often ignore or neglect bottom-up, grassroots strategies for addressing them. Often, international efforts to contribute to the prevention and management of local conflicts depend heavily on large-scale, expensive, and external interventions like peacekeepers, while under-investing in or by-passing traditional/customary mechanisms and resources that uphold locally defined values of peace, tolerance, solidarity, and respect. Recognizing that these traditional and customary practices themselves sometimes have their own legacies of violence and inequality, this policy note emphasizes the possibility of combining aspects of traditional peacebuilding mechanisms with international conflict management approaches to harness the benefits of both.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.

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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Adsit, Sarah E., Theodora Konstantinou, Konstantina Gkritza, and Jon D. Fricker. Public Acceptance of INDOT’s Traffic Engineering Treatments and Services. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317280.

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As a public agency, interacting with and understanding the public’s perspective regarding agency activities is an important endeavor for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Although INDOT conducts a biennial customer satisfaction survey, it is occasionally necessary to capture public perception regarding more specific aspects of INDOT’s activities. In particular, INDOT needs an effective way to measure and track public opinions and awareness or understanding of a select set of its traffic engineering practices. To evaluate public acceptance of specific INDOT traffic engineering activities, a survey consisting of 1.000 adults residing within the State of Indiana was conducted. The survey population was representative in terms of age and gender of the state as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The survey was administered during the months of July and August 2020. Public awareness regarding emerging treatments not currently implemented in Indiana is low and opposition to the same new technologies is prominent. Older or female drivers are less likely to be aware of emerging treatments, and older drivers are more likely to oppose potential implementation of these treatments. Although roundabouts are commonplace in Indiana, multi-lane roundabouts remain controversial among the public. Regarding maintenance and protection of traffic during work zones and considering full or partial roadway closure, public preference is for partial closure; this preference is stronger in rural areas. The public equally agrees and disagrees that INDOT minimizes construction related traffic delays. Approximately 76% of Indiana drivers believe themselves to above average drivers, while an additional 23% believe themselves to be average. Driver perceptions of average highway speeds speed are not aligned with posted speed limit as the perceived average speed on Indiana’s urban freeways and rural and urban state highways is considerably higher than the actual speed limit.
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Chahine, Ricardo, Prince Adu Gyamfi, Nandhesh Subash, Wonsang Cho, Krista O. Kelley, Stacey L. Connaughton, and Konstantina Gkritza. Design of Educational Material and Public Awareness Campaigns for Improving Work Zone Driver Safety. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317375.

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This project aims to help improve work zone driver safety in Indiana through driver education and public awareness campaigns. The project focused on two specific objectives: (1) to design a public awareness campaign to increase drivers’ knowledge and influence positive attitudes about work zone driver safety practices; and (2) to prepare educational materials to be incorporated into driver’s education or training curriculum prior to taking driving test and getting a driver’s license issued. The campaign was informed by formative research, conducted using a survey to assess public knowledge and attitudes. Based on these results, campaign messages were designed. The team also designed an education curriculum which consists of three modules and fourteen knowledge questions. This report concludes with recommendations to INDOT for the successful implementation of the public awareness campaign and educational materials, that might be applicable to other states as well.
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Enfield, Sue. Promoting Gender Equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.063.

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This helpdesk report synthesises evidence on the drivers and opportunities for promoting gender equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood region. Although equality between women and men is enshrined in the constitutions and legal systems of all Eastern Neighbourhood countries, and all countries have ratified most of the important international conventions in this area without reservations; women are still subject to social discrimination. Discriminatory laws, social norms, and practices rooted in patriarchal systems inherited from the Soviet era have negative consequences and act as drags upon gender equality. Former Soviet states making the transition from a command economy to a market-driven system need to make changes in governance and accountability systems to allow for women to have agency and to benefit from any nominal status of gender equality. This report considers areas where there are outstanding opportunities to improve women’s situation in Eastern Neighbourhood countries.
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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Pavement Markings and Signs. SAE International, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022011.

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Transportation infrastructure systems serve as the platform for emerging automated vehicle (AV) technologies and, in their current condition, limit the reliability of these new vehicles. Road conditions, lane markings, and signs provide essential guidance and information to both human- and machine-controlled vehicles; however, their condition and placement vary depending on local conditions, practices, and funding. Irregular sign placements and road markings confuse both human and machine drivers and can create unsafe conditions. Still, in the short term, they are the easiest factor to adjust regarding successful AV deployment. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Pavement Markings and Signsexamines the issues associated with pavement markings and signs in the context of advanced automation. The report focuses on unresolved issues between the AV industry and infrastructure owners and operators and provides opportunities and recommendations for the AV industry and the larger transportation community to address reliability issues.
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Roth, Christian. Design of the In-vehicle Experience. SAE International, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022012.

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The in-vehicle experience, both physical and digital, is increasingly the differentiating factor between vehicles. Since touch displays, smart surfaces, and internet connectivity are present in most vehicle segments, the growing resemblance of in-vehicle experiences with mobile experiences leads to user expectations on par with smartphones. While manufacturers are faced with providing suitable service offerings that are safe to use, they must also identify services to exclude or limit, without encouraging drivers to resort back to their mobile devices. This increasingly complex in-vehicle experience design process is being shaped by new stakeholders, including operating system providers and application developers. Design of the In-vehicle Experience examines the challenging and changing relationships between manufacturers (that lack in software development and mobile experience design skills) and new stakeholders (that lack the decades of experience designing for the driving context). The report also discusses augmenting and expanding existing guidelines and best practices to address the challenges of modern in-vehicle experience design.
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Roschnik, Natalie, Callum Northcote, Jacqueline Chalemera, Mphatso Nowa, Phindile Lupafaya, Rashida Bhaji, Tendai Museka Saidi, and Brian Mhango. Malawi Stories of Change in Nutrition: Evidence Review. Save the Children, Civil Society Agriculture Network (CISANET), and the Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.079.

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A review of evidence was conducted to understand the trends and determinants of malnutrition and identify interventions and programmes that improved maternal and child nutrition in Malawi. While children are less malnourished than two decades ago, one in three children remains stunted (37%) and 63% are anaemic. Children born from younger and less educated mothers, or from poorer rural households are more likely to be malnourished. One in ten children are born with a low birth weight (< 2.5kgs), with nearly half of them stunted by age two. The main causes of malnutrition include recurring sickness, poor infant and young child feeding and hygiene practices and low use of health and nutrition services, influenced by a wide range of factors, including food insecurity, poverty, gender inequality and food taboos. Programme evaluations and intervention trials have shown mixed results but overall highlight the need to address the multiple underlying drivers of malnutrition, rather than focus on one intervention.
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