Journal articles on the topic 'Driver relocation'
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1
Väätäinen, Kari, Pekka Hyvönen, Ville Kankaanhuhta, Juha Laitila, and Hannu Hirvelä. "The Impact of Fleet Size, Harvesting Site Reserve, and Timing of Machine Relocations on the Performance Indicators of Mechanized CTL Harvesting in Finland." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101328.
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Upscaling an operation typically results in economies of scale, i.e., cost advantages in business, especially when the production unit’s utilization rate can be improved. According to economic studies of mechanized timber harvesting, large wood harvesting entrepreneurs tend to be more successful in business than small entrepreneurs. What are the factors that influence harvesting costs, and how great is their effect on costs? These questions were investigated in mechanized cut-to-length timber harvesting in Eastern Finland by varying (a) the size of the harvesting fleet, (b) the harvesting site reserve, and (c) the timing and duration of the working day of machine relocations, in the case of an entrepreneur using a discrete-event simulation method. Prior to the simulations, harvesting site data were generated from the National Forest Inventory data by the MELA software, and the spatial data analyses by ArcGIS. According to the results, largely because of the low utilization rate of the contractor’s own relocation truck, the harvesting cost of a 2-harvesting-unit (2 HU) scenario was 9% or 6% higher than 4 HU, and 13% or 8% higher than 8 HU, with or without a specifically employed driver of a relocation truck, respectively (the harvesting unit consists of a harvester and a forwarder). In the 4 and 8 HU scenarios, harvesting costs decreased on average by 1% (0.3–1.5), when doubling the size of the harvesting site reserve. With fleet sizes of 6 and 8 HU, good utilization of a relocation truck reduced relocation costs, whereas machine costs only increased a small amount because of a longer machine relocation waiting time than with smaller entrepreneurs. The study raised the importance of entrepreneur-specific planning of machine relocations in the cost-efficient timber harvesting in Finland.
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Johansson, Malin, and Jan Olhager. "Manufacturing relocation through offshoring and backshoring: the case of Sweden." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 4 (June 4, 2018): 637–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present recent empirical results concerning offshoring and backshoring of manufacturing from and to Sweden, to increase the understanding of manufacturing relocation in an international context. In particular, extent, geographies, type of production, drivers, and benefits of moving manufacturing in both directions are investigated. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on survey data from 373 manufacturing plants. The same set of questions is used for both offshoring and backshoring between 2010 and 2015, which allows similarities and differences in decision-making and results between the two relocation directions to be identified. Findings There are many significant differences between offshoring and backshoring projects. Labour cost is the dominating factor in offshoring, as driver and benefit, while backshoring is related to many drivers and benefits, such as quality, lead-time, flexibility, access to skills and knowledge, access to technology, and proximity to R&D. This is also reflected in the type of production that is relocated; labour-intensive production is offshored and complex production is backshored. Research limitations/implications Plants that have both offshored and backshored think and act differently than plants that have only offshored or backshored, which is why it is important to distinguish between these plant types in the context of manufacturing relocations. Practical implications The experience of Swedish manufacturing plants reported here can be used as a point of reference for internal manufacturing operations. Originality/value The survey design allows a unique comparison between offshoring and backshoring activity. Since Swedish firms in general have been quite active in rearranging their manufacturing footprint and have experience from movements in both directions, it is an appropriate geographical area to study in this context.
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Kutsenko, Evgeniy, Kirill Tyurchev, and Tat'yana Ostashchenko. "Relocation as a Driver of Innovative Activity: A Global Study of Unicorn Founders’ Migration." Foresight and STI Governance 16, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.4.6.23.
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This paper investigates the migration flows of uni-corns – private companies that achieve a market value of at least one billion USD within ten years. This concept was recently introduced by professional investors but has actively entered the global expert and political agenda. The ability of national innovation systems to grow unicorns has become a new hallmark of success. This study uses the most complete sample of companies as of July 2022 (1,357 unicorns), for each of them we identified the founders, their countries of birth, and the educational institutions they graduated from.Among the main results, it is revealed that 40% of billion-dollar companies were created with the participation of foreign founders. The authors identified three country groups depending on the founders’ migration flows direction: “attracting” unicorns, “growing on their own” and “losing everything”. A comparative analysis of countries’ innovation profiles made it possible to identify the unicorn growth and attraction factors. It is emphasized that universities are a significant resource for both strategies, since most of the founders graduated from the leading world universities and every third foreign entrepreneur was educated in the country of migration. It is shown that the strategy of attracting foreign founders complements the growth strategy and could provide the main flow of unicorn founders. The authors noted that the leading unicorn countries are actively involved in the global migration flow: they not only attract the founders, but also act as their largest suppliers. The authors put forward recommendations for attracting unicorn companies.
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Usui, Rie, Carolin Funck, and Ifeoluwa B. Adewumi. "Tourism and Counterurbanization in a Low-Amenity Peripheral Island: A Longitudinal Study at Yakushima Island in Kagoshima, Japan." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168822.
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This research explored the long-term relation between tourism development and counterurbanization in a remote island in Japan, as the longevity of in-migrants’ role in low-amenity tourism destinations has been questioned. Using data collected over 10 years at Yakushima Island, the study investigated the island’s population trend, in-migrants’ motivation for relocation, their contributions to tourism, and the lives on the island. The results showed that the trend of population growth differed among Yakushima’s 24 villages likely because of accessibility, proximity to tourism attractions, the weather, and housing availability. Yakushima’s natural environment was the key factor in in-migrants’ migration choice. Encounters and connections with people on the island were found to be another important factor. In-migrants introduced ecotours as an innovation in the 1990s, and thereafter, many in-migrants moved to Yakushima with high aspirations of becoming tour guides. Tourism stagnated starting in 2008, and some in-migrants began moving out of the island. Despite the overall downward trend of tourism, an increase in international tourists created a niche market before the COVID-19 pandemic, attracting foreign in-migrants as tourism entrepreneurs in recent years. Similar to the main driver for Japanese in-migrants’ relocation, nature was also the main motivation for international tourists’ relocation.
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Gussmann, Geronimo, and Jochen Hinkel. "What drives relocation policies in the Maldives?" Climatic Change 163, no. 2 (November 2020): 931–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02919-8.
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AbstractThe predominant responses to rising sea levels are in situ adaptations. However, increasing rates of sea-level rise will render ex situ adaptations—in the form of relocations—inevitable in some low-lying coastal zones. Particularly small island states like the Maldives face this significant adaptation challenge. Here, government action is necessary to move vulnerable communities out of flood-prone areas. Yet, little empirical knowledge exists about the governance of relocations. While the literature often highlights risks and benefits of relocations, it remains unclear how governments organized relocations and what drove relocation policy. Therefore, we examined Maldivian relocation policies from 1968 to 2018 to explain government support of relocations. For this, we used a qualitative research design and extended the multiple streams approach with the theoretical lens of historical institutionalism. To gather data, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 23) with relocation policy experts and locals affected by relocations. Interview data was complemented with a desk review of relevant laws, historical records, and policy documents. We find 29 completed and 25 failed cases of relocations in the 50-year period. Key drivers of relocation policies are focusing events, socioeconomic development, and institutionalized island autonomy. We find that relocations were predominantly initiated as means to facilitate economic development, not as a response to rising seas or coastal risk. With current rapid economic development and strengthened democratic institutions, relocations are not considered as a policy option anymore. We conclude that implementing relocations proactively will face significant barriers in the future, which highlights the urgency of successful in situ adaptations in the Maldives.
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Christersson, Matti, and James Culley. "How far and often do organizations relocate offices?" Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research 13, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30672/njsr.66009.
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Purpose – Relocation is one of the tasks that corporate real estate management is responsible for. They are important events for organizations as there can be a variety of different impacts due to relocation. Previous research has made a distinction between long and short distance relocations. This paper focuses on contributing to the knowledge of the relocation phenomenon. The purpose is to examine the scale and volume of companies’ HQ relocations.
Design/methodology/approach – The study uses quantitative data of address changes of Finnish companies which is qualitatively analyzed in respect to the relocation distance and the amounts of relocated companies in order to formulate an understanding of how far and often companies have relocated.
Findings – The findings of this study indicate that the majority of relocations are short distance relocations; Two thirds were relocations of less than ten kilometres. The median relocation distance was less than five kilometres. Further, 30 percent of the companies had relocated at least once during the five and half year period and six percent during the last year of the dataset.
Practical implications – The increased knowledge of the relocation phenomenon’s scale, volume and nature supports the development of relocation management as well as relocation related service business, thus enabling organizations possibly to relocate more efficiently and optimally. The dominant role of short-distance relocations suggests that from organizations’ perspective, there are certain underlying drivers for organizations to remain within same region.
Originality/value – The findings of the study give an overall view of the scale and volume of the relocations phenomenon within the private sector in Finland. The importance of relocation management and workplace change requires more attention as opposite to the mere location selection approach
Keywords – Corporate Real Estate Management, Relocation, Headquarters, Finland
Paper type – Research paper
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Mezihorak, Petr. "Competition for control over the labour process as a driver of relocation of activities to a shared services centre." Human Relations 71, no. 6 (September 18, 2017): 822–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717727047.
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New approaches to studying multinational corporations sensitive to issues of power and politics often neglect the way power and politics in corporations shape workplaces, specifically labour processes and modes of their control. The article presents a case study of a firm’s relocation of activities to a shared services centre. The relationships among the shared services centre, its client departments and the headquarters involve an ongoing combination of cooperation and competition, resulting in increased managerial control over labour processes and changes in corporate governance. The shared services centre established as a support unit aims to strengthen its position in the organizational structure by gaining control over labour processes and their modification. Competition with client departments for control over labour processes leads to the introduction of controlling mechanisms, norms and standards both in the centre and in client departments. These rules, on the one hand, limit uncertainty; on the other hand, they drive the fragmentation of labour processes, rendering them more codifiable and less complex. These effects make labour processes easier to control and, eventually, to relocate, which is advantageous for the headquarters. Changes in labour processes thus shape the relationships within the corporation and the space for power struggles and politics.
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Femenias, P., E. Punzi, and K. Granath. "The voices of vulnerable tenants in renovation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012083.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the intersection between agendas for housing renovation and social politics for ageing-in-place and social integration of people with psycologial disabilities. The aim is to understand how elderly tenants and people on a longer sick leave are affected by a renovation. In a sample of 79 interviews, 34 tenants decided to permanently relocate as a results of a renovation. When the renovation is a driver for permanent relocation, tenants do so to avoid disturbances and temporal evacuation. If the home is subjet to a comprehensive or deep renovation, rent increases is another reinforcing factor to relocate. While tenants that move prior to a renovation worry about how the renovation will affect their daily life and their economy, tenants that move after the renovation do so because they are dissatisfied with the results of the renovation. The findings calls for awareness for how housing renovation will affect vulnerable tenants and highlights the need for the design or appropriate communication strategies.
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Nagle Alverio, Gabriela, Sara H. Hoagland, Erin Coughlan de Perez, and Katharine J. Mach. "The role of international organizations in equitable and just planned relocation." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 11, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-021-00698-x.
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AbstractSince 2010, States party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have recognized planned relocation as a viable adaptation to climate change. Planned relocation has been attempted in many communities globally and has raised serious issues of equity in some cases. Implementation driven by principles of equity is crucial in ensuring successful planned relocations that decrease loss and damage. In this Policy Analysis, we put forth a framework for equitable planned relocation rooted in theories of justice as a basis for implementation. The framework centers around three principles: comprehensive recognition of affected stakeholders in decision-making, consideration of socio-cultural risk factors relevant to relocation, and evaluation of multiple measures of well-being. There are many actors involved in planned relocation. Unique features and abilities of international organizations lend themselves to promoting equitable planned relocation in partnership with other stakeholders. Through the exploration of case studies, we identify best practices that international organizations have available to influence the design, implementation, and evaluation of planned relocation processes. These practices are relevant when striving for equity for all affected individuals and communities. Points of intervention include agenda-setting and advocacy, funding and implementation standards, and facilitation of international cooperation. International organizations also face barriers to supporting equitable planned relocation. Limitations include lack of enforcement mechanisms, limited resources, and fundamental dependence on existing governance structures and global collaboration. As the necessity of planned relocations grows, the need for leadership from international organizations in implementation is magnified, underscoring the importance of developing and evaluating approaches to just implementation.
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Kelley, Lisa C., and Agung Prabowo. "Flooding and Land Use Change in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Land 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090139.
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Flooding is a routine occurrence throughout much of the monsoonal tropics. Despite well-developed repertoires of response, agrarian societies have been ‘double exposed’ to intensifying climate change and agro-industrialization over the past several decades, often in ways that alter both the regularity of flood events and individual and community capacity for response. This paper engages these tensions by exploring everyday experiences of and responses to extreme flood events in a case study village in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has also been the site of corporate oil palm development since 2010. We first reconstruct histories of extreme flood events along the Konawe’eha River using oral histories and satellite imagery, describing the role of these events in straining the terms of daily production and reproduction. We then outline the ways smallholder agriculturalists are responding to flood events through alterations in their land use strategies, including through the sale or leasing of flood-prone lands, the relocation of riverine vegetable production to hillside locations, and adoption of new cropping choices and management practices. We highlight the role of such responses as a driver of ongoing land use change, potentially in ways that increase systemic vulnerability to floods moving forward.
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Chaikovska, Maryna, and Elina Bielienkaia. "Modern determinants and challenges of marketing management Ukrainian IT startup industry." Marketing and Digital Technologies 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/mdt.6.3.2022.11.
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The aim of the article. The aim of the article is to study the Ukrainian ecosystem of startups and highlight the determinants and challenges of marketing management of the national IT startup industry in modern conditions. The results of the analysis. It was revealed that in the conditions of increasing entropy at all levels of social systems, the development of the start-up industry becomes critical for adapting to external turbulences. The prerequisites and prospects for the development of the ecosystem of IT startups in Ukraine were analyzed. It is emphasized that the priorities of managing the national economy should shift in the direction of finding opportunities for active formation and use of the country's intellectual potential on the basis of effective marketing management of the start-up industry. The critical determinants of modern IT start-ups have been identified: the issue of choosing forms, methods and tools for marketing management of innovative projects The modern management challenges of the IT startup industry in Ukraine have been identified: insufficient financing at all stages and stages of the startup and requirements for transformation of sources of investment income; breaks in logistics chains with partners and suppliers; requirements of anti-crisis marketing and low-budget flexible PR; aggravation of the need for institutional support and legal support; relocation and optimization of project teams; adaptation of a client-oriented strategy to the turbulence of client needs; personnel management in conditions of shortage of personnel and lack of qualifications. The problems of transformation of target markets, relocation of teams, investment and support of financial sustainability of Ukrainian IT startups were considered. As a solution, it is proposed to use the tools of adaptive marketing management, correction of business models, the use of innovative sources of investment and personnel management. The role of IT startups as a catalyst of innovative transformations and digital transformations of all sectors of the country's economy, the basis for ensuring economic growth, is emphasized. The importance of ensuring an effective system of adaptive marketing management of IT startups as a driver of accelerated innovative development and national security of Ukraine is substantiated. Conclusions and direction for further research. IT startup is a company with a necessarily innovative component, which operates in conditions of extreme uncertainty and limited resources and is in search of a sustainable and scalable business model. That is why it is IT startups that have the role of leader and catalyst of social development in the digital economy. In order to find exactly the right sustainable and scalable business model, IT startups need effective marketing management, since the creation of a business model includes the implementation of marketing management tasks, namely: defining segments, product development, value proposition , sales channels, pricing, etc. The Ukrainian IT startup industry has a strong potential for development and should be considered as a driver of accelerating progress. In wartime conditions, the national IT startup industry is characterized by the relocation of teams, partial disintegration of teams, remote work, efforts of startups to help the country with their innovative solutions, the main focus on domestic and European markets. During this period of time, Ukrainian IT startups also faced many challenges such as: financial and investment, personnel and qualification, marketing and legal. Solving these problematic issues and challenges of marketing management of IT startups will be facilitated by iterative analysis and operational correction of business models for effective management of the marketing strategy in terms of finding new target markets, revising the value proposition, adjusting the marketing mix, as well as expanding the use of innovative sources of investment, intensifying participation international organizations, hiring and training new employees with less work experience.
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Ferris, Elizabeth, and Sanjula Weerasinghe. "Promoting Human Security: Planned Relocation as a Protection Tool in a Time of Climate Change." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502420909305.
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Executive Summary In light of the science and evidence on hazards and climate risk, and the scale and breadth of large-scale disasters witnessed around the world, it is time for states and other actors to begin developing national and local frameworks on planned relocation. While planned relocations have had a poor record in terms of their socioeconomic effects, it is precisely for these reasons that proactive action is necessary. Planned relocation has the potential to save lives and assets, and consequently to safeguard or augment the human security of populations living in areas at high risk for disasters and the effects of climate change. Among the challenges hampering better outcomes for people, however, are the lack of national and local frameworks, community-driven decision making, and sufficient lead times to plan and implement appropriate interventions that promote human security. Relocation of populations is referenced in global frameworks on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) because it is a tool that will become increasingly important as a preventive and responsive measure to reduce the risks of disasters and displacement. This article recommends that national and local DRR and CCA strategies and development plans begin to incorporate planned relocation among the options under consideration to protect people and their human security. It argues that planning for relocations is an expression of a government’s responsibility to protect the human security of its people.
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Hartman, Leon M., Madeleine J. H. van Oppen, and Linda L. Blackall. "The Effect of Thermal Stress on the Bacterial Microbiome of Exaiptasia diaphana." Microorganisms 8, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010020.
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Coral bleaching linked to climate change has generated interest in the response of coral’s bacterial microbiome to thermal stress. The sea anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana, is a popular coral model, but the response of its bacteria to thermal stress has been barely explored. To address this, we compared the bacterial communities of Great Barrier Reef (GBR) E. diaphana maintained at 26 °C or exposed to increasing temperature (26–33 °C) over two weeks. Communities were analyzed by metabarcoding of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Bleaching and Symbiodiniaceae health were assessed by Symbiodiniaceae cell density and dark-adapted quantum yield (Fv/Fm), respectively. Significant bleaching and reductions in Fv/Fm occurred in the heat-treated anemones above 29 °C. Overall declines in bacterial alpha diversity in all anemones were also observed. Signs of bacterial change emerged above 31 °C. Some initial outcomes may have been influenced by relocation or starvation, but collectively, the bacterial community and taxa-level data suggested that heat was the primary driver of change above 32 °C. Six bacterial indicator species were identified as potential biomarkers for thermal stress. We conclude that the bacterial microbiome of GBR E. diaphana is generally stable until a thermal threshold is surpassed, after which significant changes occur.
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Adedeji, Abdulfatai A., and Sherifat W. Kogbodoku. "Natural Resource Rents-Capital Flight Nexus in Selected ECOWAS Countries: Evidence from Non-Linear ARDL Approach." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy 10, no. 2 (September 21, 2021): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.26.2021.102.81.97.
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The challenge of capital flight in the ECOWAS sub-region is worrisome. Huge revenue from natural resources also contributes to the relocation of available resources necessary for the development of the region. The study identifies the revenue from natural resources as a key driver of capital flight in the region. Hence, this study analyzed the effect of natural resource rents on capital flight in ECOWAS countries accounting for the role of asymmetry. Also, the study employed the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to account for short-run and long-run asymmetries. The results revealed the presence of asymmetry in five countries, while two countries displayed symmetric effects. It also showed that the symmetric effect of natural resource rents on capital flight is weak for Guinea and Nigeria in the short-run while the long-run effect is not more pronounced for Nigeria. In the case of asymmetric effect, natural resource rents amplified capital flight in Cape Verde and Sierra Leone. Further evidence shows that the non-linearity of natural resource rents does not encourage capital flight in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, and Ghana. Hence, the countries should promote transparency and accountability in the management of proceeds from natural resources to enhance development in the region.
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Kline, Carol, Lauren Duffy, E’Lisha Fogle, and Dana Clark. "Crossover Paths for Peri-Urban Markets in Tourism Planning and Development: Mobility Motivations, Career Stage, Life Stage, and Desired Characteristics." Tourism and Hospitality 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3010020.
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This study is a case examination of multiple types of resident and visitor markets of a county that can be described as a fringe community, having both rural and urban amenities and characteristics. It is part of a larger economic development study examining perceptions towards a fringe community seeking to encourage additional company relocation to the county, entrepreneurial activity, and attraction of new residents and visitors. This research is supported by data collected from an online survey, six focus groups, a “speed survey” of business managers, and secondary data. The various markets examined were visitors, relocates, returnees, retirees, “outsiders”, entrepreneurs, young professionals, and long-time residents; however, the critical findings lie in the overlap of these markets, and how these markets may transition from—or “crossover to”—one to another. The study revealed economic development markets evolving over time, possessing multiple characteristics that are not mutually exclusive; tourism functions as a significant driver along varied dynamic paths. Therefore, the industry’s influence on economic growth should be considered beyond its short-term economics to its role in resident migration. Implications for destination leaders to identify and plan for markets over a lifetime are discussed including those associated with entrepreneurial amenity migration in fringe communities.
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Barisione, Chiara, Daniela Verzola, Silvano Garibaldi, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Giacomo Garibotto, Pietro Ameri, Bianca Pane, Giovanni Spinella, Giovanni Pratesi, and Domenico Palombo. "Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Early Induces Myostatin and PCSK9 Expression in Rat Kidneys and HK-2 Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 9884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189884.
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During visceral interventions, the transient clampage of supraceliac aorta causes ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in kidneys, sometime resulting in acute renal failure; preclinical studies identified redox imbalance as the main driver of I/R injury. However, in humans, the metabolic/inflammatory responses seem to prevail on oxidative stress. We investigated myostatin (Mstn) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), proatherogenic mediators, during renal I/R. Compared to sham-operated animals, the kidneys of rats who had experienced ischemia (30 min) had higher Mstn and PCSK9 expression after 4 h of reperfusion. After 24 h, they displayed tubular necrosis, increased nitrotyrosine positivity, and nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha relocation, markers of oxidative stress and mitochondria imbalance. Mstn immunopositivity was increased in tubuli, while PCSK9 immunosignal was depleted; systemically, PCSK9 was higher in plasma from I/R rats. In HK-2 cells, both ischemia and reperfusion enhanced reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction. H2O2 upregulated Mstn and PCSK9 mRNA after 1 and 3.5 h, respectively. Accordingly, ischemia early induced Mstn and PCSK9 mRNA; during reperfusion Mstn was augmented and PCSK9 decreased. Mstn treatment early increased PCSK9 expression (within 8 h), to diminish over time; finally, Mstn silencing restrained ischemia-induced PCSK9. Our study demonstrates that renal I/R enhances Mstn and PCSK9 expression and that Mstn induces PCSK9, suggesting them as therapeutic targets for vascular protection during visceral surgery.
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Chand, Shweta. "CLIMATE CHANGE A REPERCUSSION OF HUMAN INDUCED SYSTEMS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13431.
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Climate change includes both the global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases, and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change, since the mid-20th century, humans have had unprecedented impact on Earths climate system and caused change on a global scale.The largest driver of warming is the emission of greenhouse gases, of which more than 90% are carbon dioxide and methane. Fossil fuel burning (coal, oil, and gas) for energy consumption is the main source of these emissions, with additional contributions from agriculture, deforestation, and industrial processes. The human cause of climate change is not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing. Temperature rise is accelerated or tempered by climate feedbacks, such as loss of sunlight-reflecting snow and ice cover, increased water vapour (a greenhouse gas itself), and changes to land and ocean carbon sinks.Temperature rise on land is about twice the global average increase, leading to desert expansion and more common heat waves and wildfires. Increasing rates of evaporation cause more intense storms and weather extremes. Temperature rise is amplified in the Arctic, where it has contributed to melting permafrost and the retreat of glaciers and sea ice. Additional warming also increases the risk of triggering critical thresholds called tipping points. Impacts on ecosystems include the relocation or extinction of many species as their environment changes, most immediately in coral reefs, mountains, and the Arctic. Human impacts include undernutrition and hunger from reduced crop yields, declining fish stocks, increases in vector-borne diseases, potentially severe economic impacts, increased global economic inequality, more people living in uninhabitable climate zones, and increased migration.Effects such as these have led the World Health Organization to declare climate change the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century. Even if efforts to minimize future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries, including rising sea levels, rising ocean temperatures, and ocean acidification.
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Eguchi, Takanori, Eva Csizmadia, Hotaka Kawai, Mona Sheta, Kunihiro Yoshida, Thomas L. Prince, Barbara Wegiel, and Stuart K. Calderwood. "SCAND1 Reverses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Suppresses Prostate Cancer Growth and Migration." Cells 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 3993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11243993.
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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible cellular program that transiently places epithelial (E) cells into pseudo-mesenchymal (M) cell states. The malignant progression and resistance of many carcinomas depend on EMT activation, partial EMT, or hybrid E/M status in neoplastic cells. EMT is activated by tumor microenvironmental TGFβ signal and EMT-inducing transcription factors, such as ZEB1/2, in tumor cells. However, reverse EMT factors are less studied. We demonstrate that prostate epithelial transcription factor SCAND1 can reverse the cancer cell mesenchymal and hybrid E/M phenotypes to a more epithelial, less invasive status and inhibit their proliferation and migration in DU-145 prostate cancer cells. SCAND1 is a SCAN domain-containing protein and hetero-oligomerizes with SCAN-zinc finger transcription factors, such as MZF1, for accessing DNA and the transcriptional co-repression of target genes. We found that SCAND1 expression correlated with maintaining epithelial features, whereas the loss of SCAND1 was associated with mesenchymal phenotypes of tumor cells. SCAND1 and MZF1 were mutually inducible and coordinately included in chromatin with hetero-chromatin protein HP1γ. The overexpression of SCAND1 reversed hybrid E/M status into an epithelial phenotype with E-cadherin and β-catenin relocation. Consistently, the co-expression analysis in TCGA PanCancer Atlas revealed that SCAND1 and MZF1 expression was negatively correlated with EMT driver genes, including CTNNB1, ZEB1, ZEB2 and TGFBRs, in prostate adenocarcinoma specimens. In addition, SCAND1 overexpression suppressed tumor cell proliferation by reducing the MAP3K-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Of note, in a mouse tumor xenograft model, SCAND1 overexpression significantly reduced Ki-67(+) and Vimentin(+) tumor cells and inhibited migration and lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed high expression of SCAND1 and MZF1 to correlate with better prognoses in pancreatic cancer and head and neck cancers, although with poorer prognosis in kidney cancer. Overall, these data suggest that SCAND1 induces expression and coordinated heterochromatin-binding of MZF1 to reverse the hybrid E/M status into an epithelial phenotype and, inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, potentially by repressing the gene expression of EMT drivers and the MAP3K-MEK-ERK signaling pathway.
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MUSHTAQ, S., N. WHITE, G. COCKFIELD, B. POWER, and G. JAKEMAN. "Reconfiguring agriculture through the relocation of production systems for water, environment and food security under climate change." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 5 (November 10, 2014): 779–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614001117.
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SUMMARYThe prospect of climate change has revived both fears of food insecurity and its corollary, market opportunities for agricultural production. In Australia, with its long history of state-sponsored agricultural development, there is renewed interest in the agricultural development of tropical and sub-tropical northern regions. Climate projections suggest that there will be less water available to the main irrigation systems of the eastern central and southern regions of Australia, while net rainfall could be sustained or even increase in the northern areas. Hence, there could be more intensive use of northern agricultural areas, with the relocation of some production of economically important commodities such as vegetables, rice and cotton. The problem is that the expansion of cropping in northern Australia has been constrained by agronomic and economic considerations.The present paper examines the economics, at both farm and regional level, of relocating some cotton production from the east-central irrigation areas to the north where there is an existing irrigation scheme together with some industry and individual interest in such relocation. Integrated modelling and expert knowledge are used to examine this example of prospective climate change adaptation. Farm-level simulations show that without adaptation, overall gross margins will decrease under a combination of climate change and reduction in water availability. A dynamic regional Computable General Equilibrium model is used to explore two scenarios of relocating cotton production from south east Queensland, to sugar-dominated areas in northern Queensland. Overall, an increase in real economic output and real income was realized when some cotton production was relocated to sugar cane fallow land/new land. There were, however, large negative effects on regional economies where cotton production displaced sugar cane. It is concluded that even excluding the agronomic uncertainties, which are not examined here, there is unlikely to be significant market-driven relocation of cotton production.
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Brendel, Alfred Benedikt, Sascha Lichtenberg, Stefan Morana, Christoph Prinz, and Boris M. Hillmann. "Designing a Crowd-Based Relocation System—The Case of Car-Sharing." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 7090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127090.
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Car-sharing services promise environmentally sustainable and cost-efficient alternatives to private car ownership, contributing to more environmentally sustainable mobility. However, the challenge of balancing vehicle supply and demand needs to be addressed for further improvement of the service. Currently, employees must relocate vehicles from low-demand to high-demand areas, which generates extra personnel costs, driven kilometers, and emissions. This study takes a Design Science Research (DSR) approach to develop a new way of balancing the supply and demand of vehicles in car-sharing, namely crowd-based relocation. We base our approach on crowdsourcing, a concept by which customers are requested to perform vehicle relocations. This paper reports on our comprehensive DSR project on designing and instantiating a crowd-based relocation information system (CRIS). We assessed the resulting artifact in a car-sharing simulation and conducted a real-world car-sharing service system field test. The evaluation reveals that CRIS has the potential for improving vehicle availability, increasing environmental sustainability, and reducing operational costs. Further, the prescriptive knowledge derived in our DSR project can be used as a starting point to improve individual parts of the CRIS and to extend its application beyond car-sharing into other sharing services, such as power bank- or e-scooter-sharing.
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Elsaesser, Thomas. "Structural dynamics of ionic materials mapped by femtosecond x-ray diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092304.
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Relocation of electronic charge plays a key role for functional processes in condensed-phase molecular materials. X-ray diffraction with a femtosecond time resolution allows for spatially resolving transient atomic arrangements and charge distributions [1]. In particular, time-dependent spatial maps of electron density have been derived from x-ray powder diffraction patterns measured with a 100 fs time resolution. In this talk, new results on electron dynamics in transition metal complexes and on field-driven charge relocations in elementary ionic materials will be presented. Crystals containing a dense array of Fe(II)-tris(bipyridine) complexes and their PF6 counterions display pronounced changes of electron density that occur within the first 100 fs after two photon excitation of a small fraction of the complexes [2]. Electron density maps reveal a transfer of electronic charge from the Fe atoms and - so far unknown - from the PF6 counterions to the bipyridine units. The charge transfer displays pronounced Coulomb-mediated many-body features, affecting approximately 30 complexes around the directly excited one. As a second topic, electron relocations induced by strong external optical fields will be discussed [1,3]. This interaction mechanism allows for generating coherent superpositions of valence and conduction band quantum states and inducing fully reversible charge dynamics. While the materials LiBH4 and NaBH4 display electron relocations from the (BH4)- ions to the neighboring Li+ and Na+ ions, LiH exhibits an electron transfer from Li to H. The latter is a manifestation of electron correlations and in agreement with theoretical calculations.
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Carter, Simon. "Why strategic intent should drive relocation." Long Range Planning 29, no. 2 (April 1996): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(96)00016-7.
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Nguyen Thi Minh, Hoa, and Anh Ha Tuan. "The Role of Sea Level Rise Information in the Formation of Migration Intentions of Vietnam’s Population." DEMIS. Demographic Research 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 175–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.1.14.
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Human migration associated with climate change, extreme weather events, including sea-level rise, is a growing concern. While the sea-level rise is not the main cause, its role as a driver of migration cannot be denied. According to experts, the risk of extreme weather conditions, such as rising sea levels for migration, compared to other causes (such as terrorism), will significantly increase due to the negative impacts of climate change. Climate change will gradually progress in the future. However, people, especially in developing countries such as Vietnam, still do not understand all the dangers of flooding due to rising sea levels, so their response is often passive and unreasonable. It is estimated that 31 million people in Vietnam, or about a third of the population, could be affected by sea-level rise by 2050. This could lead to the relocation of some people to other places and an increase in the number of so-called “climate refugees” in the future. Using a portion of the individual-level survey dataset from the 2020 Vietnam Provincial Administration Performance Index (PAPI), the article explores the role of sea-level rise information in flood-impacted migration. Data were collected from 7468 people across the country using five different question options for five randomly selected groups of people. The results of the analysis using regression models show that with a high degree of consistency, the higher the level of flood anxiety, the more people tend to move to another location permanently. In particular, when controlling for the variables of demography, income, etc., that transparency, completeness, and clarity of information about sea-level rise tend to increase the mobility of people to respond to floods. This shows that increasing information on the sea-level rise can help improve public understanding of flood and climate change risks, enabling them to make informed decisions, transparency, and support to reduce risks.
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Remøy, Hilde, and Theo J.M. van der Voordt. "Priorities in accommodating office user preferences: impact on office users decision to stay or go." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 16, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-09-2013-0029.
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Purpose – When current accommodation is unsatisfactory, office organisations consider relocating to new accommodation that optimally facilitates their main processes and supports image and financial yield. However, due to high vacancy levels, public opinion and governmental awareness oppose new office construction. Reusing existing buildings could be the egg of Columbus. This paper aims at answering the questions: which property characteristics are important push and pull factors for relocation? What does this mean for the decision: stay or go? Design/methodology/approach – A literature review of factors determining organisations' accommodation choices was conducted. Interviews were held with large-scale office organisations and creative organisations, discussing relocation drivers. Henceforth, a survey was held among creative organisations, collecting data about property characteristics important for their preferences. Finally, office user preferences were compared with characteristics of structurally vacant buildings. Findings – Traditional push factors like car accessibility, extension need, and location and building image remain important. Nowadays sustainability issues like reducing energy consumption and better public transportation accessibility are highly prioritised pull factors as well. Regarding the creative industries, bike- and public transportation accessibility, multi-tenancy, and ICT and meeting facilities are most important. Practical implications – Knowing office users' preferences is important to attract and retain stable tenants. If office space supply is highly aligned to end-users' demands and easily adaptable to changing needs, probably more organisations will decide to stay instead of go, leaving behind empty offices. Originality/value – This study combines data about push and pull factors with relocation decision-making, innovatively focussing on the creative industries. The data can be used to explore opportunities and risks of adaptive re-use of the existing building stock.
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Wang, Shao-Huan, Yu-Yi Liang, Tien-Yu Kuo, and Wai-Kei Mak. "Power-Driven Flip-Flop Merging and Relocation." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 31, no. 2 (February 2012): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2011.2177460.
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Senanayake, Anuradha, Nishara Fernando, Maduri Wasana, Dilanthi Amaratunga, Richard Haigh, Chamindi Malalgoda, and Chathuranganee Jayakody. "Landslide Induced Displacement and Relocation Options: A Case Study of Owner Driven Settings in Sri Lanka." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031906.
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Disaster induced displacement is one of the most frequent phenomena occurring in the contemporary world and has been aggravated by factors such as climate change. With the systematic interpretation of disaster risks, planned relocation has been recognized as a durable solution for post-disaster reconstruction and disaster mitigation. Planned relocation initiatives that have been executed as post-disaster reconstruction initiatives in Sri Lanka have mainly followed donor driven and owner driven approaches. This study is a comparative analysis of the status quo of owner driven relocation options that were implemented after the landslide which took place in 2016 in the X District of Sri Lanka. Two research fields were selected based on the two owner driven options as part of the selected case study: Government Resettlement Sites and Individual Resettlement Sites. This exploratory study utilizes both secondary and primary data. A purposive sample of ten households was selected from each setting to conduct in-depth interviews. Furthermore, five structured interviews with key informants were conducted using an expert sample. Secondary data were collected based on the concepts of relocation and satisfaction of housing. The findings suggest that the respondents were satisfied with the housing units in both settings despite concerns in relation to the suggested plans of the housing units. Furthermore, common concerns were raised in terms of delays and issues in fund management in construction of houses. However, there was a drastic disparity in terms of other infrastructural, public, and neighborhood facilities in the two settings. Hence, this study suggests the need for an overall management and monitoring strategy for all owner driven relocation options.
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Haavikko, Hanna, Kalle Kärhä, Asko Poikela, Mika Korvenranta, and Teijo Palander. "Fuel Consumption, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Energy Efficiency of Wood-Harvesting Operations." Croatian journal of forest engineering 43, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2022.1101.
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The EU’s climate and energy framework and Energy Efficiency Directive drive European companies to improve their energy efficiency. In Finland, the aim is to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035. Stora Enso Wood Supply Finland (WSF) had a target, by 2020, to improve its energy efficiency by 4% from the 2015 level. This case study researches the use of the forest machine fleet contracted to Stora Enso WSF. The aims were to 1) clarify the forest machine fleet energy-efficiency as related to the engine power; 2) determine the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wood-harvesting operations, including relocations of forest machines by trucks; and 3) investigate the energy efficiency of wood-harvesting operations. The study data consisted of Stora Enso WSF’s industrial roundwood harvest of 8.9 million m3 (solid over bark) in 2016. The results illustrated that forest machinery was not allocated to the different cutting methods (thinning or final felling) based on the engine power. The calculated fuel consumption totalled 14.2 million litres (ML) for harvesting 8.9 million m3, and the calculated fuel consumption of relocations totalled 1.2 ML, for a total of 15.4 ML. The share of fuel consumption was 52.5% for harvesters (cutting), 39.5% for forwarders (forest haulage), and 8.0% for forest machine relocations. The average calculated cubic-based fuel consumption of wood harvesting was 1.6 L/m3, ranging from the lowest of 1.2 L/m3 for final fellings to the highest of 2.8 L/m3 in first thinnings. The calculated fuel consumption from machine relocations was, on average, 0.13 L/m3. The calculated carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq.) emissions totalled 40,872 tonnes (t), of which 21,676 t were from cutting, 16,295 t were from forwarding, and 2,901 t from relocation trucks. By cutting method, the highest calculated CO2 eq. emissions were recorded in first thinnings (7340 g CO2 eq./m3) and the lowest in final fellings (3140 g CO2 eq./m3). The calculated CO2 eq. emissions in the forest machine relocations averaged 325 g CO2 eq./m3. The results underlined that there is a remarkable gap between the actual and optimal allocation of forest machine fleets. Minimizing the gap could result in higher work productivity, lower fuel consumption and GHG emissions, and higher energy efficiency in wood-harvesting operations in the future.
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Lian, Lulu, Tao Huang, Xianmin Ke, Zaili Ling, Wanyanhan Jiang, Zhanxiang Wang, Shijie Song, et al. "Globalization-Driven Industry Relocation Significantly Reduces Arctic PAH Contamination." Environmental Science & Technology 56, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c05198.
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Zhang, Canrong, Hao Guan, Yifei Yuan, Weiwei Chen, and Tao Wu. "Machine learning-driven algorithms for the container relocation problem." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 139 (September 2020): 102–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2020.05.017.
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Müller, Omar V., Pier Luigi Vidale, Benoît Vannière, Reinhard Schiemann, Retish Senan, Reindert J. Haarsma, and Johann H. Jungclaus. "Land–Atmosphere Coupling Sensitivity to GCMs Resolution: A Multimodel Assessment of Local and Remote Processes in the Sahel Hot Spot." Journal of Climate 34, no. 3 (February 2021): 967–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0303.1.
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AbstractLand–atmosphere interactions are often interpreted as local effects, whereby the soil state drives local atmospheric conditions and feedbacks originate. However, nonlocal mechanisms can significantly modulate land–atmosphere exchanges and coupling. We make use of GCMs at different resolutions (low ~1° and high ~0.25°) to separate the two contributions to coupling: better represented local processes versus the influence of improved large-scale circulation. We use a two-legged metric, complemented by a process-based assessment of four CMIP6 GCMs. Our results show that weakening, strengthening, and relocation of coupling hot spots occur at high resolution globally. The northward expansion of the Sahel hot spot, driven by nonlocal mechanisms, is the most notable change. The African easterly jet’s horizontal wind shear is enhanced in JJA due to better resolved orography at high resolution. This effect, combined with enhanced easterly moisture flux, favors the development of African easterly waves over the Sahel. More precipitation and soil moisture recharge produce strengthening of the coupling, where evapotranspiration remains controlled by soil moisture, and weakening where evapotranspiration depends on atmospheric demand. In SON, the atmospheric influence is weaker, but soil memory helps to maintain the coupling between soil moisture and evapotranspiration and the relocation of the hot spot at high resolution. The multimodel agreement provides robust evidence that atmospheric dynamics determines the onset of land–atmosphere interactions, while the soil state modulates their duration. Comparison of precipitation, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration against satellite data reveals that the enhanced moistening at high resolution significantly reduces model biases, supporting the realism of the hot-spot relocation.
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Chen, Yingxing, Qing Zhang, Difei Zhao, Sotiris Folinas, and Wei Zhang. "Optimization Approaches of Multi-Dimensional Environments in Rural Space Reproduction Driven by Tourism." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 12527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412527.
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Rural tourism is an important driving force for the transformation of rural society in the process of urbanization. However, besides promoting rural economy, it also interrupts the development of the rural living, human, manage and economic multi-dimensional environments. Space reconstruction in rural settlements is an important means to optimize multi-dimensional environments and revitalize rural tourism. Focusing on two types of rural settlements, namely the “relocation village” and the “sightseeing and settlement symbiosis village”, this study has revealed the affecting mechanism of space reconstruction in rural tourist locations on the local multi-dimensional environment by establishing a multi-dimensional environment evaluation system through an analytic, hierarchical process. Subsequently, based on the theoretical perspective of the reproduction of the space and the paradigm of the three-fold model, a comprehensive optimization path of rural multi-dimensional environments has been proposed. The results show that in the space reconstruction process driven by tourism: (1) the multi-dimensional environments of the “sightseeing and settlement symbiosis village” generally develop better than the “relocation village”; (2) the ecological environment is the direct benefit while the management environment and economic environment are the bottlenecks; (3) the “sightseeing and settlement symbiosis village” is more appealing to tourists who are interested in rural tourism since it keeps more rustic characteristics than the “relocation village”; (4) in order to optimize the multi-dimensional environments, “relocation village” should pay more attention to the space needs of residents, improve space utilization rates, and increase the residents’ sense of belonging; (5) “sightseeing and settlement symbiosis village” needs to resolve the contradiction between the tourism and living demands, improve the reproduction process driven by diversified entities, and reconstruct the neighborhood network under rural tourism.
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Zamponi, F., J. Stingl, M. Woerner, and T. Elsaesser. "Ultrafast soft-mode driven charge relocation in an ionic crystal." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14, no. 18 (2012): 6156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp24072f.
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Bukvic, Anamaria, Andrew Smith, and Angang Zhang. "Evaluating drivers of coastal relocation in Hurricane Sandy affected communities." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 13 (September 2015): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.06.008.
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Greer, Alex, Joseph Trainor, and Sue McNeil. "Voluntary Household Relocation Decision Making in the Wake of Disaster: Re-interpreting the Empirical Record." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 37, no. 2 (August 2019): 197–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701903700206.
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Household relocation decisions after disasters are influenced by many factors. Among others, these include pre- and post-event community conditions, disaster experience, available financial and social resources, place attachment, risk perceptions, and demographics. This paper provides a synthesis of the body of knowledge surrounding voluntary household relocation decisions. Simply stated, we are focused on better understanding what influences the decision to stay somewhere that has been affected by disaster or permanently leave it. This work provides two main contributions by characterizing and synthesizing research exploring relocation drivers. First, we provide several new directions for the study of this issue by proposing theoretical models not commonly used in this area of research with potential to provide insight. Second, we critically discuss the need for improvements in the conceptualization and measurement of these concepts.
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Yang, Chun. "Relocating labour-intensive manufacturing firms from China to Southeast Asia: a preliminary investigation." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-016-0031-4.
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China’s rise as a “world factory” since the late 1970s has been attributed to the strategic coupling of local assets in the coastal regions, viz. Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in the global production networks (GPNs) driven by transnational corporations (TNCs). Since 2000, these export-led regions have encountered unprecedented challenges, particularly the rising cost of labour, which have engendered spatial relocation of labour-intensive manufacturing firms from coastal China to lowercost locations such as inland China and neighbouring Southeast Asian countries. A rich body of literature has examined the internal relocation of TNCs from coastal to inland China, relatively little has been conducted on cross-border industrial relocation out of China to Southeast Asian countries. Drawing upon the global production networks (GPNs) perspective, this study attempts to examine the relocation of TNCs from China’s coastal regions, e.g. the Pearl River Delta (PRD) to Southeast Asian countries, e.g. Indonesia, Vietnam and Cambodia. Particular attention is paid to the rise of Global South and its subsequent implications for the restructuring of global manufacturing in the increasingly globalizing economy.
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Drury, Crawford, and Diego Lirman. "Genotype by environment interactions in coral bleaching." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1946 (March 3, 2021): 20210177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0177.
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Climate-driven reef decline has prompted the development of next-generation coral conservation strategies, many of which hinge on the movement of adaptive variation across genetic and environmental gradients. This process is limited by our understanding of how genetic and genotypic drivers of coral bleaching will manifest in different environmental conditions. We reciprocally transplanted 10 genotypes ofAcropora cervicornisacross eight sites along a 60 km span of the Florida Reef Tract and documented significant genotype × environment interactions in bleaching response during the severe 2015 bleaching event. Performance relative to site mean was significantly different between genotypes and can be mostly explained by ensemble models of correlations with genetic markers. The high explanatory power was driven by significant enrichment of loci associated DNA repair, cell signalling and apoptosis. No genotypes performed above (or below) bleaching average at all sites, so genomic predictors can provide practitioners with ‘confidence intervals' about the chance of success in novel habitats. These data have important implications for assisted gene flow and managed relocation, and their integration with traditional active restoration.
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Jayakumar, Tulsi. "Corporate social innovation: an Indian moving company drives industry change." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-10-2015-0107.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand how emerging economy firms can use the growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability as an opportunity to drive corporate social innovations (CSIs) so as to create shared value and gain competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies a case study design. Building on in-depth interviews with company officials, document analysis and secondary sources, the paper presents a model of CSIs. Findings The case study presents evidence of how Agarwal Packers and Movers Limited – an Indian family managed business firm operating in the fragmented, unorganized and highly competitive household relocation segment of the Indian logistics industry – used socio-environmental sustainability challenges to drive CSIs. These innovations helped it to differentiate itself from competitors and gain competitive advantage, while creating shared value simultaneously. Practical implications Indian firms have been lagging behind on both sustainability/CSR and innovations. Driven by domestic regulatory requirements, as also the need to compete in a globalizing economy, emerging economy firms may strategize to integrate their sustainability agenda with innovations to influence both organizational and societal outcomes. Originality/value Firm innovations, even in advanced countries, have been driven by market triggers, with ideas internal to the firm. The paper contributes to the limited research on innovations in emerging economy firms and shows how they may “leapfrog” their growth pathways by systematically integrating their sustainability agenda with innovation activities.
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Warner, Koko. "Human Migration and Displacement in the Context of Adaptation to Climate Change: The Cancun Adaptation Framework and Potential for Future Action." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 30, no. 6 (January 1, 2012): 1061–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c1209j.
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The first-time-ever agreed-upon text on migration, displacement, and planned relocation in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) climate negotiations process was informed by recent empirical research, and will shape how human mobility is dealt with under adaptation. Migration, displacement, and planned relocation feature in the text of the Cancun Adaptation Framework as technical cooperation issues which highlight activities that help to guide adaptation funding. Human mobility in the UNFCCC context is distinct from other policy fora—like international protocols and expanding mandates of existing frameworks such as the 1951 Geneva Convention. Operationally oriented solutions and discussions are moving forward in a UNFCCC process through the Cancun Adaptation Framework [paragraph 14(f)], the Climate Finance and the Adaptation Committee, and the Subsidiary Body on Implementation's Work Program on Loss and Damage. These and other policy processes catalyze nationally and regionally driven work on the topics of migration, displacement, and planned relocation in the context of climate change.
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Zarković, Božidar. "The migration of Serbian nobles during the reign of the last Nemanjićs." Bastina, no. 51 (2020): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina30-26938.
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The role of the noble families in Medieval Serbia, as in other states of that time, was of great importance-their social status affected the character and the success of the statehood. They represented social elite, which influenced the development of various processes, one of them being migration. The migration process could be voluntary or involuntary, but it shadowed inner colonisation as well as the conquest of new territories. It determined the establishment of the governing structures in the newly acquired territories, as well as their integration into the state. Bearing in mind that many wars were waged during the Middle Ages-hence the constant redrawing of the borders-it is not surprising that migration was an ongoing process of various intensity and direction. Both the dependent population and the nobles took part in the process. However, following the migration flow of the noble families through history is much easier. The great expansion of the Serbian territory started during the reign of King Milutin and ended with the death of the Tsar Dušan (1282-1355), whose reign was especially marked by great conquests and extensive migrations. Though conquests are mainly attributed to rulers, the noble families often initiated them. This is confirmed in the historical sources and the research literature, which cites the growing dissatisfaction of the nobles and their desire for further conquest as the main reasons for the change in the Serbian throne after the great victory at Velbazhd in 1330. Such views are further substantiated by the early years of the reign of Stefan Dušan when significant territories in Macedonia were annexed. According to several sources, the main driver of change was the number of noble families close and directly subordinate to the young king. It is well known that Dušan inherited the governance of Zeta and western Serbia from his father in 1322. He managed those territories during the whole reign of Stefan Uroš III (Stefan of Dečani). The previous contention that the nobles drove the change in the throne is also validated by the relocation of the noble families to the newly annexed regions. A certain number of high born families originated from the western Serbian areas which is proved by the primary historical sources, while other families are loosely associated to the area by stories and legends. Neither is simple to confirm. Some of those nobles from the western Serbia are: the Braković familiy, the Mrnjavčević family, the Great Duke Nikola Stanjević, Ostoja Rajaković Ugarčić, Radoslav Hlapen, Nikola Bagaš, Andrija Gropa, Lord Žarko, and most probably Caesar Preljub, among others. They all received inheritance and governance of various territories as a reward for their loyalty and accomplishments, which can be traced back through their titles. Namely, military titles indicate that the person gained their status owning to their warrior abilities.
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Silvanto, Sari, and Jason Ryan. "Relocation branding: a strategic framework for attracting talent from abroad." Journal of Global Mobility 2, no. 1 (June 3, 2014): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-07-2013-0046.
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Purpose – The global migration and movement of talent plays an important role in the economic growth and competitiveness of many nations. In coming decades, it is anticipated that there will be increased competition between countries to attract the best and brightest. The World Economic Forum (2011) has recommended using nation branding strategies to attract talent. In response to this recommendation, the purpose of this paper is to propose a strategic framework and terminology for branding nations to attract highly skilled workers. Based on a review of the literature, it recommends five strategic vision drivers that can help countries brand themselves in an appealing and compelling way to talented professionals. This paper also recommends the term “relocation branding” to describe the practice of branding nations, regions and cities to attract talent. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the literature on nation branding and talent mobility to propose a conceptual framework of five vision drivers for branding destinations to attract talent. It also discusses how these vision drivers can be used in the context of an overall branding initiative and campaign. Findings – This paper finds that the determinants of talent mobility are complex and overlapping. Highly skilled temporary and permanent migrants have a broad range of concerns and interests when they voluntarily choose a country to live and work in. This paper argues that, given these complexities, a more tailored and multidimensional understanding of talent mobility is necessary to effectively craft a branding strategy that will appeal to the highly skilled. A clear vision, demonstrating an understanding of the challenges of moving between countries, has to be integrated into the brand from the outset. Originality/value – This paper is one of the only in-depth studies of nation branding for the purpose of attracting temporary and permanent skilled migrants. The value of this paper is significant as it provides a framework for strategically creating and positioning nation brands to attract highly skilled workers.
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Balbontin, Camila, and David A. Hensher. "Firm-specific and location-specific drivers of business location and relocation decisions." Transport Reviews 39, no. 5 (December 23, 2018): 569–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2018.1559254.
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Junaidi, M., Ramayanto Ramayanto, and Nurlailatul Nurlailatul. "Dampak Relokasi Pasar Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Pedagang Pasar Tente Kecamatan Woha Kabupaten Bima." JIAP (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik) 6, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jiap.v6i1.659.
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The market is one of the most important institutions in economic institutions. The functioning of market institutions as economic institutions that drive economic life can not be separated from the activities undertaken by traders and buyers. The formulation of the problem is, How the Socio-Economic Impact on Tente Market relocation. This study aims to describe the Impact of Market Relocation to Socio-Economic Conditions of Tente Market Traders. This research uses descriptive qualitative method.
The results of this study indicate that, there is a social change, which technically traders and locations trade from the old market move to new markets. In this market shift raises the impact, ie social and economic impacts such as manifestations, with the impact of manifestations, the impact behind them is the latency impact experienced by traders after the relocation of the market. And less intennya interaction that exists between old traders and new traders. The social impacts that arise are the lack of social systems, interactions and personal relationships. The emerging economic impact of declining income after occupying the new Tente market.
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Busing, Wim M., and Harald P. Coppoolse. "Libraries of Locations for Different Specimens: An Application of Remote Specimen-Stage Control on the CM Microscope." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179488.
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A session on the Transmission Electron Microscope normally starts at low magnification with an overview of the specimen to find the region(s) of interest. This region is then centered with the specimen drives and further investigation at higher magnification can start. However, the operator is often in doubt whether the region centered is actually the best, but is also reluctant to move elsewhere for fear of not being able to retrieve the present area. Thus in many cases time and photographic material are wasted on sub-optimal regions of the specimen.The CM-series transmission electron microscopes have a goniometer stage with mechanical read-out of the position of the specimen on the micrometer drives, thereby making it possible to record specimen locations but only by hand. Optionally, the microscope can be equipped with the Specimen Relocation System which provides a digital read-out of specimen position as well as the capability to store specimen locations for later retrieval. A number of potentially interesting locations can thus be stored and, by recalling each location with the Relocation System's motordrives, these locations can be screened quickly at higher magnifications to select the best one for further work.
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Nomgaugyte, J., C. Templier, S. Muzard, and L. Pranevicius. "Mass-transport driven by atomic displacement and ballistic relocation effects under ion irradiation." Surface and Coatings Technology 151-152 (March 2002): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(01)01564-x.
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Igami, Mitsuru. "Industry Dynamics of Offshoring: The Case of Hard Disk Drives." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 67–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20150256.
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This paper uncovers a novel pattern of offshoring dynamics in a high-tech industry, and proposes a structural model to explain it. Specifically, the hard disk drive industry (1976–1998) witnessed massive waves of entry, exit, and the relocation of manufacturing plants to low-cost countries, in which shakeouts occurred predominantly among home firms and almost all survivors were offshore firms. I build and estimate a dynamic offshoring game with entry/exit to measure the benefits and costs of offshoring, investigate the relationship between offshoring and market structure, and assess the impacts of hypothetical government interventions. (JEL D24, D43, F14, L13, L24, L63, O14)
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Glebova, Ekaterina, Michel Desbordes, and Gabor Geczi. "Relocations of Sports Spectators’ Customer Experiences." Testnevelés, Sport, Tudomány 5, no. 1-2 (2020): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21846/tst.2020.1-2.4.
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In this paper, we aim to explain a phenomenon of “Sports Spectators’ Customers’ Experiences’ (SSCX) locations”, overview today locations of sports consumption experiences for sports fans, find the changes in these locations, and define the main drivers of shift. It provides a concept for studying the effects of new technologies on sports spectator experiences, with the intention of future research at the intersection of topics Customer Experience (CX), Sports Spectacle (SS), and Technology. The main novelties of this study imply a rapid technology uptake and appear of absolutely new ways of sports spectating and locations. The culture of sports consumption and fans’ habits are the subject of changes, accordingly, it impacts SSCX. This study draws on pieces of literature spanning from technology, Sport Spectacle, Stadia, CX, Optimization strategy and combines them with data collection and analysis in the spirit of grounded theory. Data was collected in semi-structured interviews (N=10) with professional sports managers or technologies specialists. The outcome is a new conceptual framework on Locations and Relocations of SSCX. This question is important in the framework of the study of technological impact on SSCX. It helps Sports Managers and Marketing Professionals to better understand the research target audience, outline technological trends, find links and interrelation and define their impact.
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Schmutz, Benoît, and Modibo Sidibé. "Frictional Labour Mobility." Review of Economic Studies 86, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 1779–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy056.
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Abstract We build a dynamic model of migration where, in addition to standard relocation costs, workers face spatial frictions that decrease their ability to compete for distant job opportunities. We estimate the model on a matched employer–employee panel dataset describing labour market transitions within and between the 100 largest French cities. Our identification strategy is based on the premise that frictions affect the frequency of job transitions, while mobility costs impact the distribution of accepted wages. We find that: (1) controlling for spatial frictions reduces mobility cost estimates by one order of magnitude; (2) the urban wage premium is driven by better opportunities for local job-to-job transitions in larger cities; (3) migration reduces lifetime inequalities by providing insurance against unsatisfactory initial location draws; (4) labour mobility policies based on relocation subsidies are inefficient, unlike switching from nationwide to local minimum wages.
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Albuquerque, Tiago, Miguel Loiola, José de Anchieta C. C. Nunes, José Amorim Reis-Filho, Cláudio L. S. Sampaio, and Antoine O. H. C. Leduc. "In situ effects of human disturbances on coral reef-fish assemblage structure: temporary and persisting changes are reflected as a result of intensive tourism." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 1 (2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13185.
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Non-lethal human disturbances are often drivers of change in animal population and community structure. To gauge their severity, short-term behaviour (e.g. avoidance and habituation) has been argued to be a sensitive measure. However, many of these behavioural changes may occur only if disturbance-free habitat is readily accessible. In coral-reef fish, we tested whether human disturbances from intensive (i.e. loud music, swimming, snorkelling, splashing and fish feeding by numerous visitors) tourist visitations resulted in assemblage structure shifts led by short-term behaviour. We monitored fish assemblage before, during and after tourist visitations to monitor changes associated with behaviour. Additionally, we monitored two adjacent reefs not visited by tourists because of difficult approach by boat. We posited that if short-term benefits of relocating to disturbance-free habitat outweigh the costs of tolerating disturbances, fish assemblage structure should shift along with tourist visitation levels. By contrast, if sensitive species are unable or unwilling to relocate, we predicted greater levels of assemblage heterogeneity between the visited and control reefs. Our results showed that in situ human visitations led to significant shifts in assemblage structure, resulting from short-term behavioural changes. Additionally, we showed significant between-reefs differences, whereby control reefs were characterised by higher species richness, larger fish sizes and variations in relative trophic guild prevalence. Our results suggest that short-term relocations to adjacent disturbance-free reefs may not mitigate the effects of human disturbances.
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Wang, Mengqi. "Calculating Needs and Prescribing Properties: Chaiqian and the Commensuration of Value at Nanjing's Urban Edge." positions: asia critique 30, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-9723698.
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Abstract This article examines how local governments calculate and allocate compensation to displaced peasants in demolition-relocation projects, known as chaiqian 拆迁 (demolition and relocation projects), at the urban edge of eastern Nanjing. Based on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork, this article shows that, contrary to popular imaginings, chaiqian in Nanjing do not exclude peasants from urban development but seek to exploit the uneven urban and rural property regimes and bring rural spaces, including people, real estate, and crops, into the urban system. The government-developer growth coalition, motivated by real estate–driven urban expansion, engineers this process with the aid of calculative technologies and protocols of commensuration. Moreover, technocrats such as chaiqian cadres and urban planners can never fully translate rural real estate into monetary value. They have to constantly update and negotiate protocols of calculation with property-owning villagers to solve emerging issues of commensuration. The villagers, on the other hand, engage with these technologies of valuation to raise claims to a larger share of wealth in chaiqian compensation. Demolition and relocation projects thus are not merely the execution of a developmental ideal but assemble urban accumulation as an ongoing process of value translation and transformation. They also show how urban accumulation at the edge of eastern Nanjing is a contested hegemonic process.
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Arnold, Rüdiger, Irene M. Patzak, Brit Neuhaus, Sadia Vancauwenbergh, André Veillette, Johan Van Lint, and Friedemann Kiefer. "Activation of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 Involves Relocation, Autophosphorylation, and Transphosphorylation by Protein Kinase D1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 6 (March 15, 2005): 2364–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.6.2364-2383.2005.
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ABSTRACT Adaptive immune signaling can be coupled to stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB activation by the hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), a mammalian hematopoiesis-specific Ste20 kinase. To gain insight into the regulation of leukocyte signal transduction, we investigated the molecular details of HPK1 activation. Here we demonstrate the capacity of the Src family kinase Lck and the SLP-76 family adaptor protein Clnk (cytokine-dependent hematopoietic cell linker) to induce HPK1 tyrosine phosphorylation and relocation to the plasma membrane, which in lymphocytes results in recruitment of HPK1 to the contact site of antigen-presenting cell (APC)-T-cell conjugates. Relocation and clustering of HPK1 cause its enzymatic activation, which is accompanied by phosphorylation of regulatory sites in the HPK1 kinase activation loop. We show that full activation of HPK1 is dependent on autophosphorylation of threonine 165 and phosphorylation of serine 171, which is a target site for protein kinase D (PKD) in vitro. Upon T-cell receptor stimulation, PKD robustly augments HPK1 kinase activity in Jurkat T cells and enhances HPK1-driven SAPK/JNK and NF-κB activation; conversely, antisense down-regulation of PKD results in reduced HPK1 activity. Thus, activation of major lymphocyte signaling pathways via HPK1 involves (i) relocation, (ii) autophosphorylation, and (iii) transphosphorylation of HPK1 by PKD.