Academic literature on the topic 'Driver relocation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Driver relocation"
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Väätäinen, Kari, Pekka Hyvönen, Ville Kankaanhuhta, Juha Laitila, and Hannu Hirvelä. "The Impact of Fleet Size, Harvesting Site Reserve, and Timing of Machine Relocations on the Performance Indicators of Mechanized CTL Harvesting in Finland." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101328.
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Upscaling an operation typically results in economies of scale, i.e., cost advantages in business, especially when the production unit’s utilization rate can be improved. According to economic studies of mechanized timber harvesting, large wood harvesting entrepreneurs tend to be more successful in business than small entrepreneurs. What are the factors that influence harvesting costs, and how great is their effect on costs? These questions were investigated in mechanized cut-to-length timber harvesting in Eastern Finland by varying (a) the size of the harvesting fleet, (b) the harvesting site reserve, and (c) the timing and duration of the working day of machine relocations, in the case of an entrepreneur using a discrete-event simulation method. Prior to the simulations, harvesting site data were generated from the National Forest Inventory data by the MELA software, and the spatial data analyses by ArcGIS. According to the results, largely because of the low utilization rate of the contractor’s own relocation truck, the harvesting cost of a 2-harvesting-unit (2 HU) scenario was 9% or 6% higher than 4 HU, and 13% or 8% higher than 8 HU, with or without a specifically employed driver of a relocation truck, respectively (the harvesting unit consists of a harvester and a forwarder). In the 4 and 8 HU scenarios, harvesting costs decreased on average by 1% (0.3–1.5), when doubling the size of the harvesting site reserve. With fleet sizes of 6 and 8 HU, good utilization of a relocation truck reduced relocation costs, whereas machine costs only increased a small amount because of a longer machine relocation waiting time than with smaller entrepreneurs. The study raised the importance of entrepreneur-specific planning of machine relocations in the cost-efficient timber harvesting in Finland.
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Johansson, Malin, and Jan Olhager. "Manufacturing relocation through offshoring and backshoring: the case of Sweden." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 4 (June 4, 2018): 637–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present recent empirical results concerning offshoring and backshoring of manufacturing from and to Sweden, to increase the understanding of manufacturing relocation in an international context. In particular, extent, geographies, type of production, drivers, and benefits of moving manufacturing in both directions are investigated. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on survey data from 373 manufacturing plants. The same set of questions is used for both offshoring and backshoring between 2010 and 2015, which allows similarities and differences in decision-making and results between the two relocation directions to be identified. Findings There are many significant differences between offshoring and backshoring projects. Labour cost is the dominating factor in offshoring, as driver and benefit, while backshoring is related to many drivers and benefits, such as quality, lead-time, flexibility, access to skills and knowledge, access to technology, and proximity to R&D. This is also reflected in the type of production that is relocated; labour-intensive production is offshored and complex production is backshored. Research limitations/implications Plants that have both offshored and backshored think and act differently than plants that have only offshored or backshored, which is why it is important to distinguish between these plant types in the context of manufacturing relocations. Practical implications The experience of Swedish manufacturing plants reported here can be used as a point of reference for internal manufacturing operations. Originality/value The survey design allows a unique comparison between offshoring and backshoring activity. Since Swedish firms in general have been quite active in rearranging their manufacturing footprint and have experience from movements in both directions, it is an appropriate geographical area to study in this context.
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Kutsenko, Evgeniy, Kirill Tyurchev, and Tat'yana Ostashchenko. "Relocation as a Driver of Innovative Activity: A Global Study of Unicorn Founders’ Migration." Foresight and STI Governance 16, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.4.6.23.
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This paper investigates the migration flows of uni-corns – private companies that achieve a market value of at least one billion USD within ten years. This concept was recently introduced by professional investors but has actively entered the global expert and political agenda. The ability of national innovation systems to grow unicorns has become a new hallmark of success. This study uses the most complete sample of companies as of July 2022 (1,357 unicorns), for each of them we identified the founders, their countries of birth, and the educational institutions they graduated from.Among the main results, it is revealed that 40% of billion-dollar companies were created with the participation of foreign founders. The authors identified three country groups depending on the founders’ migration flows direction: “attracting” unicorns, “growing on their own” and “losing everything”. A comparative analysis of countries’ innovation profiles made it possible to identify the unicorn growth and attraction factors. It is emphasized that universities are a significant resource for both strategies, since most of the founders graduated from the leading world universities and every third foreign entrepreneur was educated in the country of migration. It is shown that the strategy of attracting foreign founders complements the growth strategy and could provide the main flow of unicorn founders. The authors noted that the leading unicorn countries are actively involved in the global migration flow: they not only attract the founders, but also act as their largest suppliers. The authors put forward recommendations for attracting unicorn companies.
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Usui, Rie, Carolin Funck, and Ifeoluwa B. Adewumi. "Tourism and Counterurbanization in a Low-Amenity Peripheral Island: A Longitudinal Study at Yakushima Island in Kagoshima, Japan." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168822.
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This research explored the long-term relation between tourism development and counterurbanization in a remote island in Japan, as the longevity of in-migrants’ role in low-amenity tourism destinations has been questioned. Using data collected over 10 years at Yakushima Island, the study investigated the island’s population trend, in-migrants’ motivation for relocation, their contributions to tourism, and the lives on the island. The results showed that the trend of population growth differed among Yakushima’s 24 villages likely because of accessibility, proximity to tourism attractions, the weather, and housing availability. Yakushima’s natural environment was the key factor in in-migrants’ migration choice. Encounters and connections with people on the island were found to be another important factor. In-migrants introduced ecotours as an innovation in the 1990s, and thereafter, many in-migrants moved to Yakushima with high aspirations of becoming tour guides. Tourism stagnated starting in 2008, and some in-migrants began moving out of the island. Despite the overall downward trend of tourism, an increase in international tourists created a niche market before the COVID-19 pandemic, attracting foreign in-migrants as tourism entrepreneurs in recent years. Similar to the main driver for Japanese in-migrants’ relocation, nature was also the main motivation for international tourists’ relocation.
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Gussmann, Geronimo, and Jochen Hinkel. "What drives relocation policies in the Maldives?" Climatic Change 163, no. 2 (November 2020): 931–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02919-8.
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AbstractThe predominant responses to rising sea levels are in situ adaptations. However, increasing rates of sea-level rise will render ex situ adaptations—in the form of relocations—inevitable in some low-lying coastal zones. Particularly small island states like the Maldives face this significant adaptation challenge. Here, government action is necessary to move vulnerable communities out of flood-prone areas. Yet, little empirical knowledge exists about the governance of relocations. While the literature often highlights risks and benefits of relocations, it remains unclear how governments organized relocations and what drove relocation policy. Therefore, we examined Maldivian relocation policies from 1968 to 2018 to explain government support of relocations. For this, we used a qualitative research design and extended the multiple streams approach with the theoretical lens of historical institutionalism. To gather data, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 23) with relocation policy experts and locals affected by relocations. Interview data was complemented with a desk review of relevant laws, historical records, and policy documents. We find 29 completed and 25 failed cases of relocations in the 50-year period. Key drivers of relocation policies are focusing events, socioeconomic development, and institutionalized island autonomy. We find that relocations were predominantly initiated as means to facilitate economic development, not as a response to rising seas or coastal risk. With current rapid economic development and strengthened democratic institutions, relocations are not considered as a policy option anymore. We conclude that implementing relocations proactively will face significant barriers in the future, which highlights the urgency of successful in situ adaptations in the Maldives.
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Christersson, Matti, and James Culley. "How far and often do organizations relocate offices?" Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research 13, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30672/njsr.66009.
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Purpose – Relocation is one of the tasks that corporate real estate management is responsible for. They are important events for organizations as there can be a variety of different impacts due to relocation. Previous research has made a distinction between long and short distance relocations. This paper focuses on contributing to the knowledge of the relocation phenomenon. The purpose is to examine the scale and volume of companies’ HQ relocations.
Design/methodology/approach – The study uses quantitative data of address changes of Finnish companies which is qualitatively analyzed in respect to the relocation distance and the amounts of relocated companies in order to formulate an understanding of how far and often companies have relocated.
Findings – The findings of this study indicate that the majority of relocations are short distance relocations; Two thirds were relocations of less than ten kilometres. The median relocation distance was less than five kilometres. Further, 30 percent of the companies had relocated at least once during the five and half year period and six percent during the last year of the dataset.
Practical implications – The increased knowledge of the relocation phenomenon’s scale, volume and nature supports the development of relocation management as well as relocation related service business, thus enabling organizations possibly to relocate more efficiently and optimally. The dominant role of short-distance relocations suggests that from organizations’ perspective, there are certain underlying drivers for organizations to remain within same region.
Originality/value – The findings of the study give an overall view of the scale and volume of the relocations phenomenon within the private sector in Finland. The importance of relocation management and workplace change requires more attention as opposite to the mere location selection approach
Keywords – Corporate Real Estate Management, Relocation, Headquarters, Finland
Paper type – Research paper
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Mezihorak, Petr. "Competition for control over the labour process as a driver of relocation of activities to a shared services centre." Human Relations 71, no. 6 (September 18, 2017): 822–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717727047.
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New approaches to studying multinational corporations sensitive to issues of power and politics often neglect the way power and politics in corporations shape workplaces, specifically labour processes and modes of their control. The article presents a case study of a firm’s relocation of activities to a shared services centre. The relationships among the shared services centre, its client departments and the headquarters involve an ongoing combination of cooperation and competition, resulting in increased managerial control over labour processes and changes in corporate governance. The shared services centre established as a support unit aims to strengthen its position in the organizational structure by gaining control over labour processes and their modification. Competition with client departments for control over labour processes leads to the introduction of controlling mechanisms, norms and standards both in the centre and in client departments. These rules, on the one hand, limit uncertainty; on the other hand, they drive the fragmentation of labour processes, rendering them more codifiable and less complex. These effects make labour processes easier to control and, eventually, to relocate, which is advantageous for the headquarters. Changes in labour processes thus shape the relationships within the corporation and the space for power struggles and politics.
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Femenias, P., E. Punzi, and K. Granath. "The voices of vulnerable tenants in renovation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012083.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the intersection between agendas for housing renovation and social politics for ageing-in-place and social integration of people with psycologial disabilities. The aim is to understand how elderly tenants and people on a longer sick leave are affected by a renovation. In a sample of 79 interviews, 34 tenants decided to permanently relocate as a results of a renovation. When the renovation is a driver for permanent relocation, tenants do so to avoid disturbances and temporal evacuation. If the home is subjet to a comprehensive or deep renovation, rent increases is another reinforcing factor to relocate. While tenants that move prior to a renovation worry about how the renovation will affect their daily life and their economy, tenants that move after the renovation do so because they are dissatisfied with the results of the renovation. The findings calls for awareness for how housing renovation will affect vulnerable tenants and highlights the need for the design or appropriate communication strategies.
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Nagle Alverio, Gabriela, Sara H. Hoagland, Erin Coughlan de Perez, and Katharine J. Mach. "The role of international organizations in equitable and just planned relocation." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 11, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-021-00698-x.
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AbstractSince 2010, States party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have recognized planned relocation as a viable adaptation to climate change. Planned relocation has been attempted in many communities globally and has raised serious issues of equity in some cases. Implementation driven by principles of equity is crucial in ensuring successful planned relocations that decrease loss and damage. In this Policy Analysis, we put forth a framework for equitable planned relocation rooted in theories of justice as a basis for implementation. The framework centers around three principles: comprehensive recognition of affected stakeholders in decision-making, consideration of socio-cultural risk factors relevant to relocation, and evaluation of multiple measures of well-being. There are many actors involved in planned relocation. Unique features and abilities of international organizations lend themselves to promoting equitable planned relocation in partnership with other stakeholders. Through the exploration of case studies, we identify best practices that international organizations have available to influence the design, implementation, and evaluation of planned relocation processes. These practices are relevant when striving for equity for all affected individuals and communities. Points of intervention include agenda-setting and advocacy, funding and implementation standards, and facilitation of international cooperation. International organizations also face barriers to supporting equitable planned relocation. Limitations include lack of enforcement mechanisms, limited resources, and fundamental dependence on existing governance structures and global collaboration. As the necessity of planned relocations grows, the need for leadership from international organizations in implementation is magnified, underscoring the importance of developing and evaluating approaches to just implementation.
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Kelley, Lisa C., and Agung Prabowo. "Flooding and Land Use Change in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Land 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090139.
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Flooding is a routine occurrence throughout much of the monsoonal tropics. Despite well-developed repertoires of response, agrarian societies have been ‘double exposed’ to intensifying climate change and agro-industrialization over the past several decades, often in ways that alter both the regularity of flood events and individual and community capacity for response. This paper engages these tensions by exploring everyday experiences of and responses to extreme flood events in a case study village in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has also been the site of corporate oil palm development since 2010. We first reconstruct histories of extreme flood events along the Konawe’eha River using oral histories and satellite imagery, describing the role of these events in straining the terms of daily production and reproduction. We then outline the ways smallholder agriculturalists are responding to flood events through alterations in their land use strategies, including through the sale or leasing of flood-prone lands, the relocation of riverine vegetable production to hillside locations, and adoption of new cropping choices and management practices. We highlight the role of such responses as a driver of ongoing land use change, potentially in ways that increase systemic vulnerability to floods moving forward.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Driver relocation"
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Ördög, Zsuzsánna. "The welfare effects of the regional integration driven international production relocation /." Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2008. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/2008/20050459.pdf.
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Angelopoulos, Panagiotis, and Piia Leivo. "Drivers and barriers for relocation of freight operators to smaller airports - A case study at Jönköping airport (Axamo)." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21346.
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Air freight sector has been a growing market worldwide for many years. The rapid growth of scheduled freight aircraft services in particular has been a remarkable feature of the international airline industry during the past decades. Air freight traffic has grown faster than passenger traffic and the production of goods has become more dependent upon air freight services that link global supply chains together. Air transportation is useful when the goods must be delivered quickly and it also allows for more flexible hub-and-spoke networking structures, which are able to offset some of the problems of indirect flows. The concept of developing regional air-cargo centres can be seen from many different perspectives. The most important factors in airport location selection are connectivity to existing road and rail transport networks and current or potential freight traffic volumes. Right location allows firms to develop their own resources, consolidate their competitive position and nurture their growth. Once the company has located it is hard to relocate, so that is why the location decision has to be made carefully. Purpose: The main purpose of this thesis was to reveal the key factors, either positive or negative, which can affect the decision of air freight operators to relocate their express services to smaller airports. Methodology: The chosen method for this thesis was the mono method because the data collection technique was qualitative. Based on that interviews, the authors finalized their topic and their research questions and built question lists, one for the Jönköping airport (Axamo), one for the companies that already operate in Jönköping airport and one for companies that do not operate there. The authors decided to have semi-structured interviews with all the interviewees in order to cover the different themes of their research. Findings: The main findings from analysing the empirical data revealed that there are many different positive and negative factors that can affect the decision making for relocation of freight operators. The most important that were identified concern the airport’s infrastructure, location, quality of provided services, number of passenger flights and price policy. Moreover, the weather conditions at the region, the customers’ demand and connectivity with road and rail networks are also very influential.
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Shahid, Daniyal. "The Drivers of Corporate Headquarter Relocations and the Effects of the Announcements on Stock Market Returns." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/589.
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This paper will analyze the market reactions to news announcements of a corporate headquarter relocations for 76 firms through the time period of 1984 to 2012. Previous literature has identified that the market interprets capital expenditure decisions and acts on these interpretations, which can be found in the changes of the price of a security. The study uses an event-study methodology as well as a multiple-regression model to examine the contextual factors that play a role in influencing the corporate headquarter relocation decision. For the event-study, the event windows being used are two-day (-1,1), four-day (-2,2), fourteen-day (- 7,7), and two nineteen-day (-14,5 and -5,14) periods. The multiple regression model tests the relationship between the Average Cumulative Abnormal Returns over the event period three days prior to and after the day of the announcement (-3,3) against a number of other contextual variables.
Books on the topic "Driver relocation"
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Jeanne, Williams. Trails of tears: American Indians driven from their lands. Dallas, Tex: Hendrick-Long Pub. Co., 1992.
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Pfaelzer, Jean. Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans. New York: Random House, 2007.
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Driven out: The forgotten war against Chinese Americans. New York, NY: Random House, 2008.
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Driven out: The forgotten war against Chinese Americans / [Jean Pfaelzer]. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
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Robbins, Donna Quinn. On the road of life, drive yourself: A vehicle for older adults, families and professionals to help navigate the ups and downs of making life decisions. Orinda, CA: Perfect Page Publishing, 2007.
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Pfaelzer, Jean. Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans. Penguin Random House, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Driver relocation"
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"Actuator Relocation." In Direct-Drive Robots. The MIT Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2438.003.0008.
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"Drivers of foreign subsidiary divestment: theoretical arguments and synthesis of empirical findings." In Research Handbook on Foreign Exit, Relocation and Re-entry, 82–108. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781800887145.00012.
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Adlemo, Anders, and Per Hilletofth. "Semi-Automatic Generation of a Fuzzy Inference System in a Reshoring Context." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde200199.
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Reshoring can be regarded as offshoring in reverse. While offshoring mainly has been driven by cost aspects, reshoring considers multiple aspects, such as higher quality demands, faster product delivery and product mass-customization. Where to locate manufacturing is usually a purely manual activity that relies on relocation experts, hence, an automated decision-support system would be extremely useful. This paper presents a decision-support system for reshoring decision-making building a fuzzy inference system. The construction and functionality of the fuzzy inference system is briefly outlined and evaluated within a high-cost environment considering six specific reshoring decision criteria, namely cost, quality, time, flexibility, innovation and sustainability. A challenge in fuzzy logic relates to the construction of the so called fuzzy inference rules. In the relocation domain, fuzzy inference rules represent the knowledge and competence of relocation experts and are usually generated manually by the same experts. This paper presents a solution where fuzzy inference rules are automatically generated applying one hundred reshoring scenarios as input data. Another important aspect in fuzzy logic relates to the membership functions. These are mostly manually defined but, in this paper, a semi-automatic approach is presented. The reshoring decision recommendations produced by the semi-automatically configured fuzzy inference system are shown to be as accurate as those of a manually configured fuzzy inference system.
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Landrigan, Philip J. "Environmental Hazards and Global Child Health: The Need for Evidence-Based Advocacy." In Principles of Global Child Health: Education and Research, 255–76. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610021906-part04-ch15.
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Children in today’s ever-smaller, more densely populated, tightly interconnected world are surrounded by a complex array of environmental threats to health.1 Because of their unique patterns of exposure and exquisite biological sensitivities, especially during windows of vulnerability in prenatal and early postnatal development, children are extremely vulnerable to environmental hazards.2,3 Even brief, low-level exposures during critical early periods can cause permanent alterations in organ function and result in acute and chronic disease and dysfunction in childhood and across the life span.4 The World Health Organization estimates that 24% of all deaths and 36% of deaths in children are attributable to environmental exposures,5 more deaths than are caused by HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined.6–8 In the Americas, the Pan American Health Organization estimates that nearly 100,000 children younger than 5 years die annually from physical, chemical, and biological hazards in the environment.9 Children in all countries are exposed to environmental health threats, but the nature and severity of these hazards vary greatly across countries, depending on national income, income distribution, level of development, and national governance.10 More than 90% of the deaths caused by environmental exposures occur in the world’s poorest countries6–8—environmental injustice on a global scale.11 In low-income countries, the predominant environmental threats are household air pollution from burning biomass and contaminated drinking water. These hazards are strongly linked to pneumonia, diarrhea, and a wide range of parasitic infestations in children.9,10 In high-income countries that have switched to cleaner fuels and developed safe drinking water supplies, the major environmental threats are ambient air pollution from motor vehicles and factories, toxic chemicals, and pesticides.10,12,13 These exposures are linked to noncommunicable diseases—asthma, birth defects, cancer, and neurodevelopmental disorders.9,10 Toxic chemicals are increasingly important environmental health threats, especially in previously low-income countries now experiencing rapid economic growth and industrialization.10 A major driver is the relocation of chemical manufacturing, recycling, shipbreaking, and other heavy industries to so-called “pollution havens” in low-income countries that largely lack environmental controls and public health infrastructure. Environmental degradation and disease result. The 1984 Bhopal, India, disaster was an early example.14 Other examples include the export to low-income countries of 2 million tons per year of newly mined asbestos15; lead exposure from backyard battery recycling16; mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining17; the global trade in banned pesticides18; and shipment to the world’s lowest-income countries of vast quantities of hazardous and electronic waste (e-waste).19 Climate change is yet another global environmental threat.20 Its effects will magnify in the years ahead as the world becomes warmer, sea levels rise, insect vector ranges expand, and changing weather patterns cause increasingly severe storms, droughts, and malnutrition. Children are the most vulnerable. Diseases of environmental origin in children can be prevented. Pediatricians are trusted advisors, uniquely well qualified to address environmental threats to children’s health. Prevention requires a combination of research to discover the environmental causes of disease coupled with evidence-based advocacy that translates research findings to policies and programs of prevention. Past successful prevention efforts, many of them led by pediatricians, include the removal of lead from paint and gasoline, the banning of highly hazardous pesticides, and reductions in urban air pollution. Future, more effective prevention will require mandatory safety testing of all chemicals in children’s environments, continuing education of pediatricians and health professionals, and enhanced programs for chemical tracking and disease prevention.
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Deseure, Jonathan, and Jérôme Aicart. "Solid Oxide Steam Electrolyzer: Gas Diffusion Steers the Design of Electrodes." In Electrodialysis. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90352.
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The hydrogen production by SOECs coupled with renewable energy sources is a promising route for the sustainability hydrogen economy. Multiphysics computing simulations appear to be the most efficient approaches to analyze the coupled mechanisms of SOEC operation. Using a relevant model, it is possible to predict the electrical behavior of solid oxide electrodes considering the current collector design. The influences of diffusion and grain diameter on cell performances can be investigated through 2D simulations, current–voltage characteristics, and current source distribution through electrodes. The simulation results emphasize that diffusion is linked to a relocation of the reaction away from the interface electrolyte/electrode, in the volume of the cathode. Furthermore, the current collector proves itself to be a great obstacle to gas access, inducing underneath it a shortage of steam. Inducing gradients of grain diameters in both anode and cathode drives the current sources to occur close to the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus decreasing ohmic losses and facilitating gas access. This approach shows the crucial importance of cathode microstructure as this electrode controls the cell response.
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Crawford, Michael H., Christine Phillips-Krawczak, Kristine G. Beaty, and Noel Boaz. "Migration of Garifuna." In Human Migration, 153–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945961.003.0013.
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This chapter examines the causes and consequences of migrations as well as population expansions and reductions of the Garifuna (also known as the Black Caribs), and the Carib and Arawak Native Americans from South America to the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean. In the 1600s, African slaves were brought by the British to the Lesser Antilles and admixed with Indigenous Native Americans to establish the Garifuna populations. British colonial takeover of St. Vincent (called Yurumein by the Garifuna) from the French resulted in conflict over land ownership with the Black Caribs, a war, and the forcible relocation of the Garifuna from St. Vincent to Baliceaux Island, Bay Islands, and eventually to the coast of Central America-- Honduras. From two founding communities established near Trujillo, Honduras, the Garifuna populations expanded through fission to form 54 villages distributed along the coast of Central America from Belize to Nicaragua. The evolutionary consequences of these migrations included an exceptional fertility in the founding populations, high genetic variability in some communities due to admixture between Native American and African populations, and resistance to malaria due to genes brought by the parental populations. The Garifuna provide an evolutionary success story driven by their unique history of migrations and genetic ancestry.
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Raja, Jawwad Z., Anzela Huq, and Duska Rosenberg. "Role of Trust in Virtual and Co-Located Communities of Practice." In Virtual Technologies, 1089–95. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-955-7.ch069.
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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become popular in enabling organisations to work virtually, allowing them to organise and leverage their human assets in new ways. Numerous advantages are offered to organisations in the virtual world, including the ability to bridge time and space, and utilisation of distributed human resources without physical relocation of employees (Lipnack & Stamps, 2000). However, flexibility for organisations also comes with many challenges due to its own inherent characteristics. With the separation in time and space, possibly no history of working together, and communication options that are limited, working virtually can lead to undesired outcomes. There are many fundamental factors that not only drive knowledge sharing and transfer in virtual communities, but are believed to be important in their success and failure. One of these fundamental factors is trust. The literature on trust in co-located environments suggests that the establishment of trust is of importance in the working relationship (e.g., Mayer, Davis & Schoorman, 1995). Furthermore, it is argued that trust also leads to more open communication, cooperation, and a higher quality of decision making and risk taking (Lane & Bachmann, 2000). Lipnack and Stamps (2000) argue that the success of sharing and transferring knowledge virtually begins with trust, since trust functions as a mechanism to hold individuals together. The aim of this article is to discuss types of trust and explain mechanisms of trust development in light of research on organisational dynamics. Although there is little standardisation in the trust literature, this article will attempt to critically assess contributions to the debate, illustrating points through references to communities of practice.
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De Blij, Harm. "Geography of Jeopardy." In The Power of Place. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367706.003.0009.
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Everyone lives with risk, every day. In the United States, more than 100,000 persons die from accidents every year, nearly half of them on the country’s roads. Worldwide, an average of more than 5000 coal miners perish underground annually, a toll often forgotten by those who oppose nuclear power generation on grounds of safety. From insect bites to poisoned foods and from smoking to travel, risk is unavoidable. Certain risks can be mitigated through behavior (not smoking, wearing seatbelts), but others are routinely accepted as inescapable. A half century ago, long before hijackings and airport security programs, the number of airline travelers continued to increase robustly even as airplanes crashed with considerable frequency. Today, few drivers or passengers are deterred by the carnage on the world’s roads, aware of it though they may be. Risk is part of life. Risk, however, also is a matter of abode, of location. Who, after experiencing or witnessing on television the impact of a hurricane, a tornado, an earthquake, a volcanic eruption, a flood, a blizzard, or some other extreme natural event, has not asked the question: “Where in the world might be a relatively safe place to live?” Geographers, some of whom have made the study of natural hazards and their uneven distribution a research priority, don’t have a simple answer. But on one point they leave no doubt: people, whether individually or in aggregate, subject themselves to known environmental dangers even if they have the wherewithal to avoid them. Many Americans build their retirement or second homes on flood-prone barrier islands along coastlines vulnerable to hurricanes. The Dutch, who have for many years been emigrating from the Netherlands in substantial numbers, are leaving for reasons other than the fact that two-thirds of their country lies below sea level. From Indonesia to Mexico, farmers living on the fertile slopes of active volcanoes not only stay where they are, but often resist even temporary relocation when volcanic activity resumes. From Tokyo to Tehran, people continue to cluster in cities with histories of devastating earthquakes and known to be situated in perilous fault zones. Fatalism is a cross-cultural human trait.
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Meyer, William B. "Since 1945: New Amenities, New Hazards." In Americans and Their Weather. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131826.003.0011.
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If the average citizen's surroundings defined the national climate, then the United States grew markedly warmer and drier in the postwar decades. Migration continued to carry the center of population west and began pulling it southward as well. The growth of what came to be called the Sunbelt at the "Snowbelt's" expense passed a landmark in the early 1960s when California replaced New York as the most populous state. Another landmark was established in the early 1990s when Texas moved ahead of New York. In popular discussion, it was taken for granted that finding a change of climate was one of the motives for relocating as well as one of the results. It was not until 1954, though, that an American social scientist first seriously considered the possibility. The twentieth-century flow of Americans to the West Coast, the geographer Edward L. Ullman observed in that year, had no precedent in world history. It could not be explained by the theories of settlement that had worked well in the past, for a substantial share of it represented something entirely new, "the first large-scale in-migration to be drawn by the lure of a pleasant climate." If it was the first of its kind, it was unlikely to be the last. For a set of changes in American society, Ullman suggested, had transformed the economic role of climate. The key changes included a growth in the numbers of pensioned retirees; an increase in trade and service employment, much more "footloose" than agriculture or manufacturing was; developments in technology making manufacturing itself more footloose; and a great increase in mobility brought about by the automobile and the highway. All in one way or another had weakened the bonds of place and made Americans far freer than before to choose where to live. Whatever qualities made life in any spot particularly pleasant thus attracted migration more than in the past. Ullman grouped such qualities together as "amenities." They ranged from mountains to beaches to cultural attractions, but climate appeared to be the most important, not least because it was key to the enjoyment of many of the rest. Ullman did not suppose that all Americans desired the same climate. For most people, in this as in other respects, "where one was born and lives is the best place in the world, no matter how forsaken a hole it may appear to an outsider."
Conference papers on the topic "Driver relocation"
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Morita, Koji, Wei Liu, Tatsumi Arima, Yuji Arita, Koharu Kawase, Isamu Sato, Haruaki Matsuura, Yoshihiro Sekio, Hiroshi Sagara, and Masatoshi Kawashima. "Development of a Passive Reactor Shutdown Device for Prevention of Core Disruptive Accidents in Fast Reactors: Project Overview and Preliminary Results." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-64099.
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Abstract After the Fukushima NPP accident in 2011, it has become increasingly important for reactor safety design to consider design measures to prevent the occurrence of severe accidents. In this study, a new subassembly-type passive reactor shutdown device is proposed to enhance the diversity and robustness of prevention measures for core disruptive accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors. The proposed device contains pins with a fuel material that is kept in the solid state during normal operation but melts into the liquid when its temperature exceeds a prescribed value under the accidents. When a ULOF (unprotected loss of flow) or UTOP (unprotected transient overpower) accident occurs, the device can provide large negative reactivity passively by the relocation of liquefied device fuel into the lower plenum region of the pins by gravitation alone in a short time. The reactor, in which part of usual fuel subassemblies is replaced with the proposed devices, becomes subcritical before driver fuels are damaged, even if ULOF or UTOP transient occurs. In the present study, candidate materials for device fuel such as metallic alloy and chloride, optimum device pin structure for liquefied fuel relocation, and nuclear and thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the device-loaded core under accident conditions will be mainly investigated to demonstrate engineering feasibility of the proposed device. This paper describes the project overview and discusses preliminary results on nuclear requirements for negative reactivity to be inserted for reactor shutdown under expected device conditions.
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Nguyen, Vinh, and Jeremy Marvel. "Evaluation of Data-Driven Models in Human-Robot Load-Sharing." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-83907.
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Abstract Human-robot load-sharing is a potential application for human-robot collaborative systems in production environments. However, knowledge of the appropriate data-driven models for this application type is limited due to a lack of physical real-world data and validation metrics. This paper describes and demonstrates a load-sharing testbed for evaluating data-driven models in a human-robot load-sharing application. Specifically, the testbed consists of a single operator and single robot relocating a payload to a desired destination. In this work, the operator initially communicates to the robot using audio feedback to initiate and alter robotic motion commands. During the payload relocation, human, payload, and robot state data are recorded. The measurements are then used to train three data-driven models (neural network, naïve Bayes, and random forest). The data-driven models are then used to transmit movement commands to the robot during human-robot load-sharing without the use of audio feedback, thus improving robustness and eliminating audio signal processing time. Evaluation of the three data-driven models shows that the random forest model was demonstrated to be the most accurate model followed by naïve Bayes and then the neural network. Hence, the results of this study provide novel insight into the types of data-driven models that can be used in load-sharing applications in addition to development of a real-world testbed.
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Wang, Shao-Huan, Yu-Yi Liang, Tien-Yu Kuo, and Wai-Kei Mak. "Power-driven flip-flop merging and relocation." In the 2011 international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1960397.1960423.
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Zhang, Canrong, and Hao Guan. "A data-driven exact algorithm for the container relocation problem." In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case48305.2020.9216846.
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Piromchart, Taradon, Supaluck Watanapanich, Siripong Limprachaya, Patara Limpanachaipornkul, Thirawat Sanitmuang, Jutiporn Jaiyen, Noppadol Iamtanasinchai, et al. "World's First Arsenic in Condensate Removal for Oil & Gas Industry and its Universal Applications for Adsorption Facilities." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31368-ms.
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Abstract Arsenic (As) and Mercury (Hg) are impurities unique to condensate produced from reservoir in the Gulf of Thailand and thus, the treatment process is critical to meet PTTEP's sale obligation. Mercury has been successfully removed by filtration, but no proven technology exists for arsenic removal until now. Normally, there are 3 condensate tankers to transfer offloading condensate to Petrochemical plant. In case any batch of condensate is rejected by customer. Trader is generally required at least 2 weeks to manage the tanker holding the high As condensate. Thus, the business impact of this project is cost saving from reducing the frequency of tanker demurrage. The major financial ramification is a key driver for exploring the alternative treatment techniques for As removal. Several techniques to remove As content in condensate have been explored and tested to find a suitable solution to this major challenge. Several technologies were tested in-house, and solid bed adsorption is found to be the most effective with approximately 90% removal efficiency. The scaled-up unit is developed for pilot test with operating conditions designed to simulate actual site conditions for further large-scale development. The Arsenic Removal Mobile Unit is designed for a capacity of 4,670 BPD located at the Condensate Tank Terminal prior to installation at offshore facilities. Basic engineering was performed in-house by PTTEP according to adsorbent specifications with modular fabrication for flexibility of installation and relocation. Detailed engineering and construction were performed by contractor under PTTEP supervision. The engineering and procurement of long lead equipment were performed by PTTEP. Furthermore, in parallel, the engineering team are also performed to provide a basis design facility, plan & schedule for installing a permanent arsenic removal unit at Offshore locations (Full-scale). This test result will prove the performance of selected adsorbent and how the adsorbent reacts with actual condensate in full scale. PTTEP is the only company who have been studied about arsenic removal technology from condensate. This initiative has been carried through from preliminary conception to prototype field trials for practical application with an ambitious end-goal of commercialization. The success of this project will provide confidence for large-scale ARU investment to support the condensate management strategy. The expected benefit gain is saving revenue loss of each relevant party. Once this unit is installed at offshore. It will unlock field potential and increase operating flexibility. For downstream industry, it will reduce the adverse impact on downstream petrochemical plants. The service life of catalyst can be prolonged and reduce a toxicity risk to personnel. The high arsenic contaminated in disposal water shall be resolved.
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Pranevicius, Liudvikas, Julius Dudonis, Claude Templier, and Jean-Paul Riviere. "Mass-transport driven by atomic relocations under high-flux ion irradiation at elevated temperatures." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Emile J. Knystautas, Wiley P. Kirk, and Valerie Browning. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.452543.
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Pietrenko-Dabrowska, Anna, and Slawomir Koziel. "Expedited EM-Driven Optimization of Antenna Structures Using Gradient Search with Jacobian Change and Design Relocation Monitoring." In 2019 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2019.8879017.
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Chen, Keru, Wentong Li, Michael Chirico, and Tenindra Abeywickrama. "Effectively Relocating Ride-Hailing Drivers Using A Markov Decision Process with Dynamic Sharding." In 2022 23rd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdm55031.2022.00031.
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Knabe, Coleman, Bryce Lee, Viktor Orekhov, and Dennis Hong. "Design of a Compact, Lightweight, Electromechanical Linear Series Elastic Actuator." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35096.
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Series Elastic Actuators (SEAs) have several benefits for force controlled robotic applications. Typical SEAs place an elastic element between the motor and the load, increasing shock tolerance, allowing for more accurate and stable force control, and creating the potential for energy storage. This paper presents the design of a compact, lightweight, low-friction, electromechanical linear SEA used in the lower body of the Tactical Hazardous Operations Robot (THOR). The THOR SEA is an evolutionary improvement upon the SAFFiR SEA [1]. Design changes focused on reducing the size and fixed length of the actuator while increasing its load capacity. This SEA pairs a ball screw-driven linear actuator with a configurable elastic member. The elastic element is a titanium leaf spring with a removable pivot, setting the compliance to either 650 or 372 [kN/m]. The compliant beam is positioned parallel to the actuator, reducing overall packaging size by relocating the space required for spring deflection. Unlike typical SEAs which measure force through spring deflection, the force applied to the titanium beam is measured through a tension/compression load cell located in line with each actuator, resulting in a measurable load range of +/−2225 [N] at a tolerance of +/−1 [N]. A pair of universal joints connects the actuator to the compliant beam and to the robot frame. As the size of each universal joint is greatly dependent upon its required range of motion, each joint design is tailored to fit a particular angle range to further reduce packaging size. Potential research topics involving the actuator are proposed for future work.
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Akhtar, Tehsin, and Bablu Kumar Maiti. "Rationalization of Flares at Terminal Island." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207414-ms.
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Abstract This study aims to assess potential opportunities for optimizing the number of flares operated by COMPANY at the Terminal Island with oil and gas processing, storage and export facilities, while considering ongoing and future developments on the island and possible integration with flare network of other downstream Company. The different flare systems cater to flaring requirements of HP, MP and LP systems in oil and gas processing plants at the island. The fundamental drivers for flare systems rationalization study are disadvantages associated with greater number of flares such as: More plot area usage for flares at expense of industrial expansion Increased HSE risks in terms of thermal radiation and dispersion of toxic gases More fuel gas consumption as purge and pilot gas Higher operational and maintenance costs In this study, existing flares at Terminal Island were studied and options were developed for each flare system with the aim of rationalizing the number of flares. These options included demolition of flares, diversion and redistribution of respective flare loads to other flares. Relocation of flares to offshore platforms / reclaimed areas in sea and replacement of elevated flare with enclosed ground flare, which has negligible thermal radiation was also considered. The rationalization options developed for each flare system were evaluated on the basis of factors such as recovered sterile area, reduction in purge gas (Hydrocarbon and Nitrogen) and pilot gas consumption, maintenance cost, operation cost, number of flares and estimated investment as CAPEX (for modification scope). The current and future flare loads were taken into account while developing these options. The flare design capacities, available capacities for accommodating additional flare loads, sterile area freed along with minimization of associated dispersion and thermal radiation effects at ground level after demolition of flares were also considered for generation of suitable rationalization options. A simplified and optimized flaring network at Terminal Island operated by COMPANY was developed by reducing the number of flares based on techno-economic screening, while safeguarding the operational and safety requirements. As concluded from the study, eight (8) nos. of flares occupying significant sterile radii can be demolished out of total fourteen (14) nos. of existing flares. The sterile area recovered (approximately 77,000 m2) as result of flares rationalization is of great value and importance for building new facilities. The land recovered can be used for future developmental projects on the island instead of opting for land reclamation. In addition, COMPANY's objectives to reduce environmental impact, associated HSE risks and thermal radiation intensity at surrounding areas / facilities will also be achieved.