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1
Glazyrin, Alexander S., Sergey N. Kladiev, Vadim V. Timoshkin, Evgeniy V. Bolovin, Lyudmila E. Kozlova, Ivan A. Nabunskiy, Ivan V. Rakov, and Semen S. Popov. "SETUP AND INVESTIGATION OF THE OPERATION MODES OF THE SPEED OBSERVER IN A CONTROLLED DC ELECTRIC DRIVE." ELECTRICAL AND DATA PROCESSING FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS 19, no. 2 (2023): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2023-19-2-30-42.
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In modern closed-loop controlled electric drives used in manufacturing, the use of speed, current, torque, and other technological variable sensors is required. In some cases, indirect estimation of the electric drive state vector is required, when the use of technological parameter sensors (primarily speed sensors) is difficult or impossible. One of the problems is the length of the information cable in the feedback channel from the actuator to the power converter, which makes it difficult to use direct measurement methods. There are also difficulties in using sensors in an aggressive environment. For example, in the coal mining industry, electric motors or the entire electric drive are often located in an explosion-proof enclosure, and installing additional sensors will require expensive modernization of the entire system. State observers in sensorless electric drives allow restoring unmeasurable state vector components based on measured electrical signals in the power converters of the electric drive. From the perspective of a closed-loop controlled electric drive system, the main feedback is the feedback on the angular rotation frequency. Electric drives based on separately excited DC motors (SEDC) are simpler to investigate and implement such systems. The linearized mathematical model of an SEDC contains a relatively smaller number of differential equations compared to variable frequency drives due to the presence of independent channels for forming magnetic flux in the air gap and electromagnetic torque, which simplifies the analysis and synthesis of sensorless control systems using speed observers. Researching the observer of angular rotation for DC electric drives allows for developing design skills on a simpler system before moving on to variable frequency drives. Research in this area for both DC and AC electric drives is promising because it allows for an increased range of regulation and accuracy of the output coordinate in sensorless electric drives at the required level. This article is dedicated to the study of the properties of speed observers for DC electric drives with independent excitation of various structures. Aim of research Analysis of rotation frequency observer structure in DC motor drives with error reduction based on the proportional principle. Research methods Theoretical and experimental research methods were used in this study. Theoretical methods included the theory of automatic control, state observer theory, theory of electric drives, theory of electric machines, mathematical modeling, systems of differential equations, Laplace transforms, and numerical methods for solving differential equations. Experimental studies were conducted on a software-hardware complex, where the genetic algorithm method was used to identify the parameters of the electric machine equivalent circuit. Results Analytical expression for the characteristic equation roots for the investigated structure of the DC motor drive's speed observer was obtained. Based on this expression, stability criteria and trends in changes of the quality indicators for the angular velocity estimation were determined with varying observer coefficients.
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Liu, Shuo, Baoming Ge, Xinjian Jiang, Haitham Abu-Rub, and Fangzheng Peng. "Modeling, analysis, and motor drive application of quasi-Z-source indirect matrix converter." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 1/2 (December 20, 2013): 298–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2012-0163.
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Purpose – The paper aims to propose a new type of three-phase quasi-Z-source indirect matrix converter (QZSIMC) to extend the voltage gain for application in the induction motor drives. Design/methodology/approach – A unique H-shape quasi-Z-source network is connected between the three-phase voltage source and traditional indirect matrix converter to achieve the voltage boost and buck in a single-stage power conversion. The complete space vector modulation (SVM) method is proposed to control the proposed QZSIMC. The output voltage amplitude of quasi-Z-source network can be boosted by the shoot-through of the front-end rectifier, so the whole system's voltage gain is extended. Meanwhile, the QZSIMC modeling and quasi-Z-source impedance parameter design are developed by using the state space averaging method. The design-oriented analysis based on small signal model is used to investigate the quasi-Z-source impedance parameter's impact on the QZSIMC's dynamic performance. A simulated application example employs a 4-kW induction motor drive to verify the proposed QZSIMC, the developed modulation method and parameter design method. Findings – The proposed QZSIMC can achieve high voltage gain larger than one and also can fulfill buck function, which widens the induction motor drive's operation range. The simulation results verify the proposed QZSIMC and SVM and also validate the quality performance of the proposed induction motor drive and all theoretical analysis and parameter design method. Originality/value – The proposed QZSIMC effectively overcomes the limitation of traditional indirect matrix converter, through extending the voltage gain larger than one. The systematic principle, analysis, parameter design, and simulation verification provide the proposed QZSIMC with a feasible approach in practical induction motor drive applications.
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Cao, Yang, Yifan Ren, Hongfei Jia, Mingze Sun, and Zebo Dali. "Modeling Parking Choice Behavior Using Cumulative Prospect Theory." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (February 14, 2024): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041596.
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In order to capture the driver’s attitude and preference towards risk during the decision-making process, this paper establishes a parking choice model considering driver heterogeneity based on the cumulative prospect theory. This research innovatively considers the influence of the unreliability of cruise time on drivers’ parking choice behavior and adds the psychological cost of drivers’ anxiety caused by lateness into the model. At the same time, according to the driver’s parking preference for parking, the latent category model is used to divide the driver into time-sensitive and money-sensitive categories. This paper analyzes the influence of unreliable cruising time on drivers’ parking choice behavior and finds that drivers have the characteristics of overestimating high-probability events and underestimating low-probability events in the decision-making process. By comparing the parking choice results of rational and irrational drivers, it is found that the model considering the risk attitude of drivers in the decision-making process is more in line with reality.
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Sinaga, Marlina Setia, Arnita Arnita, Yulita Molliq Rangkuti, and Didi Febrian. "GAME THEORY APPLICATION ON ONLINE TRANSPORTATION COMPANY AND DRIVER INCOME LEVELS DURING THE PANDEMIC." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol16iss2pp713-720.
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Online motorcycle taxi drivers are a group of people who are economically affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to provide a balanced choice strategy for drivers and companies. Game theory was applied to conflict of interest situations as a research method. Choices for online transportation companies and drivers are analyzed and arranged in a payoff table until they reach the saddle point. Simulation software as an illustration of a balanced model. This research resulted in driver diligence and incentive strategies as optimal strategies for drivers and companies. If drivers improve performance by choosing a driver diligence strategy, the driver's expectations of getting incentives will be more realistic. Meanwhile, for the company, when the driver's diligence increases, the choice of providing incentives will provide balanced benefits as well.
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Tang, Yuzhou, Xiaodang Peng, Shiyong Xu, Mingju Bai, Lifang Lin, and Haihan Sun. "Study on Driver Gaze Characteristics in Sight Distance Limited Section of Mountain Highway Based on Visual Information." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (January 6, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9482875.
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In order to study the gaze behavior characteristics of drivers in mountainous road sections with limited sight distance, the real vehicle test is carried out by using Smart Eye Pro 5.7 noninvasive eye tracker. Combined with the sight distance change rate theory, 6 typical test representative mountainous sections are selected to study the gaze distribution law and gaze duration of drivers in different mountainous sections. The research shows that when the driver drives on the test section with the most unfavorable sight distance of 44 m, 50 m, and 56 m, the fixation characteristics of “from far to near” are significant, and the long fixation duration accounts for a large proportion of the driver. When the driver drives on the section with the most unfavorable sight distance of more than 70 m, i.e., the sight distance change rate of less than 1.33, the fixation characteristics of “from far to near” disappear. The driver’s fixation stability increases, the fixation freedom increases, and the proportion of medium and long fixation duration decreases. The data analysis provides a theoretical basis for drivers to pass safely in mountainous sections.
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Ambrożkiewicz, Bartłomiej, Krzysztof Przystupa, and Beata Nawłatyna. "Working time of a truck- theory, and practice." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.512.
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The aim of the article is to show practical and theoretical issues related to the driver's working time in everyday practice. The article lists legal acts regulating the working time of professional drivers. Rules regarding this matter were discussed. Examples of devices designed to record driver activity are shown. The research part includes the results of the analysis of an anonymous questionnaire concerning violation of regulations in the field of driver's working hours.
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Zhang, Lin, Xuan Wei huang, and Wei Ming Wu. "The Analysis of Driver's Behavior in Non-Signalized Intersection Based on the Game." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 1157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.1157.
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In order to study the driver's decision-making behaviors of the conflict vehicles in non-signalized intersection, according to time refinement, the driver's personality factors and the relative potential factors in the different strategies which affect the driver to make decisions, Based on the dynamic reduplicate game theory, the utility function of the driver's behaviors was built up. As the decision-making behavior by the driver in the process of cross-road, analyzing the different combination of the utility of the driver's decision-making behavior, Nash equilibrium was existed in a single game process, and the driver's optimal decision behaviors in a dynamic game was obtained. The illustration shows that impulse drivers in the decision-making period of time are more willing to choose to accelerate the first strategy; mild drivers prefer to choose acceleration strategy or uniform strategy; cautious drivers prefer to choose to uniform or deceleration strategy.
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Pohlmann, André, and Kay Hameyer. "Drive optimization of a pulsatile total artificial heart." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 3 (April 29, 2014): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-07-2013-0230.
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Purpose – Total artificial hearts (TAHs) are required for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In order to replace the native heart a TAH must provide a sufficient perfusion of the human body, prevent blood damage and meet the implantation constraints. Until today there is no TAH on the market which meets all constraints. So the purpose of this paper is to design a drive in such a way that the operated TAH meets all predefined constraints. Design/methodology/approach – The drive is designed in terms of weight and electric losses. In setting up a cost function containing those constraints, the drive design can be included in a optimization process. When reaching the global minimum of the cost function the optimum drive design is found. In this paper the optimization methods manual parameter variation and differential evolution are applied. Findings – At the end of the optimization process the drive's weight amounts to 460 g and its mean losses sum up to 10 W. This design meets all predefined constraints. Further it is proposed to start the optimization process with a parameter variation to reduce the amount of optimization parameters for the time consuming differential evolution algorithm. Practical implications – This TAH has the potential to provide a therapy for all patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases as it is independent of donor organs. Originality/value – The optimization-based design process yields an optimum drive for a TAH in terms of weight and electrical losses. In this way a TAH is developed which meets all implantation constraints and provides sufficient perfusion of the human body at the same time.
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Chen, Jiachen, Hui Chen, Xiaoming Lan, Bin Zhong, and Wei Ran. "A Method to Develop the Driver-Adaptive Lane-Keeping Assistance System Based on Real Driver Preferences." Sensors 24, no. 5 (March 4, 2024): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051666.
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To satisfy the preference of each driver, the development of a Lane-Keeping Assistance (LKA) system that can adapt to individual drivers has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, existing studies have mostly relied on the assumption that the LKA characteristic aligned with the driver’s preference is consistent with this driver’s naturalistic driving characteristic. Nevertheless, this assumption may not always hold true, causing limitations to the effectiveness of this method. This paper proposes a novel method for a Driver-Adaptive Lane-Keeping Assistance (DALKA) system based on drivers’ real preferences. First, metrics are extracted from collected naturalistic driving data using action point theory to describe drivers’ naturalistic driving characteristics. Then, the subjective and objective evaluation method is introduced to obtain the real preference of each test driver for the LKA system. Finally, machine learning methods are employed to train a model that relates naturalistic driving characteristics to the drivers’ real preferences, and the model-predicted preferences are integrated into the DALKA system. The developed DALKA system is then subjectively evaluated by the drivers. The results show that our DALKA system, developed using this method, can enhance or maintain the subjective evaluations of the LKA system for most drivers.
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Ni, Dingan, Fengxiang Guo, Hui Zhang, Mingyuan Li, and Yanning Zhou. "Improving Older Drivers’ Behaviors Using Theory of Planned Behavior." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 4769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084769.
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The proportion of older drivers has increased with the aging population. In order to improve the driving behavior and safety of older drivers, we aim to analyze behavior differences between older and younger drivers and then study an improvement strategy based on the older drivers’ behavioral characteristics. Older drivers’ behaviors can be enhanced through training, thereby improving driving safety. Simulated scenarios for behavior analysis and training are constructed for drivers who are recruited from the general driving population. Data on the drivers’ eye movement, physiological and psychological conditions, operation behavior, and vehicle status are collected and analyzed. The theory of planned behavior is adopted to construct a driving behavior enhancement training model for older drivers. Finally, a structural equation model is developed to comprehend the relationship between training level, driver characteristics, and traffic safety. The ability and speed of older drivers to obtain traffic information is worse than those of young and middle-aged drivers, and the vehicle control capability of older drivers has a larger volatility. The driving behavior training model can improve older drivers’ driving stability and safety, as follows: the positive effect of training on driving behavioral improvement is larger than the negative effect of aging; the negative effect of training level on dangerous driving tendency is larger than the positive effect of driver’s aging. The driving behavior of older drivers should be improved for the safety and stability of driving operations through the PNE (perceived-norm-execution) model. The relationship between training level, driving behavior characteristics, and traffic safety is discussed using the structural equation model, and results show that the training can improve the effect of the drivers’ age on the characteristics of driving behavior, and that older drivers tend to decrease dangerous driving tendencies.
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Ran, Wei, Hui Chen, Taokai Xia, Yosuke Nishimura, Chaopeng Guo, and Youyu Yin. "Online Personalized Preference Learning Method Based on In-Formative Query for Lane Centering Control Trajectory." Sensors 23, no. 11 (May 31, 2023): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115246.
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The personalization of autonomous vehicles or advanced driver assistance systems has been a widely researched topic, with many proposals aiming to achieve human-like or driver-imitating methods. However, these approaches rely on an implicit assumption that all drivers prefer the vehicle to drive like themselves, which may not hold true for all drivers. To address this issue, this study proposes an online personalized preference learning method (OPPLM) that utilizes a pairwise comparison group preference query and the Bayesian approach. The proposed OPPLM adopts a two-layer hierarchical structure model based on utility theory to represent driver preferences on the trajectory. To improve the accuracy of learning, the uncertainty of driver query answers is modeled. In addition, informative query and greedy query selection methods are used to improve learning speed. To determine when the driver’s preferred trajectory has been found, a convergence criterion is proposed. To evaluate the effectiveness of the OPPLM, a user study is conducted to learn the driver’s preferred trajectory in the curve of the lane centering control (LCC) system. The results show that the OPPLM can converge quickly, requiring only about 11 queries on average. Moreover, it accurately learned the driver’s favorite trajectory, and the estimated utility of the driver preference model is highly consistent with the subject evaluation score.
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Zhou, Yujie. "Game Study on Morning Peak Road Congestion Problem." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 53, no. 1 (May 13, 2024): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/53/20240024.
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The morning peak road congestion problem has always been a hot issue in urban traffic management. Road congestion during the morning peak not only affects the travel efficiency of travelers, but also has a serious negative impact on the urban environment and economic development. This article starts from the perspective of game theory and focuses on the problem of road selection. This article considers government supervision and builds a game model from the two game subjects of the driver and the traffic controller. This article analyzes the relationship between the driver and the driver, the driver and the traffic controller. This paper studies the impact of traffic time, whether the driver investigates in advance, and whether the traffic commander conducts road command on the stable strategy of the driver's road choice game. The research results of this article show that drivers and drivers can achieve Nash equilibrium by choosing different roads, and drivers adopting collaborative strategies during the morning peak period can effectively alleviate road congestion. Under the condition of ensuring the cost of arranging traffic commanders for drivers and the government, drivers can investigate the road in advance and traffic commanders can direct road 2, which can effectively promote the smooth operation of the traffic system. At the same time, this article puts forward targeted policy suggestions, aiming to optimize the allocation of transportation resources, improve road traffic efficiency, reduce morning peak road congestion, and provide scientific reference and decision-making support for urban traffic management.
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Aramita, Bellatrix Anya, Siti Maimunah, Edi Purwanto, and Frans Tohom. "Evaluation of Driver Behavior when Crossing Unsignalized Intersection from Minor Road to Major Road." RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v2i2.564.
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An example of aggressive driving behavior is the driver who immediately commits a violation when passing through an unsignalized intersection. Aggressive driving behavior may endanger other road users. Numerous studies have demonstrated that lowering aggressive driving behavior should lower the number of fatal and serious traffic accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to concentrate on the significance of driver behavior, especially at unsignalized intersections. The purpose of this study was to investigate drivers' understanding of appropriate behavior when crossing an unsignalized intersection from a minor road to a major road, to investigate the reasons for driver violations at such intersections, and to determine the relationship between cognitive and affective factors and drivers' behavior at such intersections. This study used observation, questionnaires, and interviews as the primary data-gathering methods. While the findings of the interviews were processed using Milles Huberman's theory, the questionnaire data were examined using multiple linear regression. The study's findings suggest that most drivers understand appropriate behavior while maneuvering from a minor to a major road; however, observational data reveals that 46.38% of drivers do not act on their understanding. Additionally, the driver's actions, such as feeling safe and being too indolent to stop the car, contributed to the infraction. The analysis's results also show that cognitive and affective elements favorably influence drivers' decisions at unsignalized intersections.
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Kosch, Michelle. "Fichte's Theory of Drives." Journal of the History of Philosophy 59, no. 2 (2021): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hph.2021.0026.
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Peter, Sophie. "Integrating Key Insights of Sociological Risk Theory into the Ecosystem Services Framework." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 6437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166437.
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Environmental risks give urgency to the need to understand the society–nature relationship. While the ecosystem services (ES) framework allows analysis of interrelationships between biophysical supply and human demand for natural resources, further research is needed to understand what drives societal demand for ES. Here, I explore how incorporation of the key sociological theories of risk (systems theory, ‘world risk society’, and cultural theory of risk) can advance this understanding. By examining these theories, the following key insights were identified: (1) A deeper understanding of societal structures and risk perception helps to understand culturally driven patterns of ES demand; (2) sociological ES research must use inter- and transdisciplinary methods to understand the drivers of ES demand and risk perception. It must also link this understanding to the natural sciences’ knowledge of the drivers of ES supply if it is to identify new instruments of environmental governance; (3) while anthropocentric in character, the ES framework, especially one that is modified by the concept of risk, enables society to reflect on its role as a proactive part of a social–ecological system, rather than a passive victim of nature’s whims. This change in perspective may prove to be a key step in achieving sustainable development.
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Jung, Kyunghoon. "A Theoretical Ground of Neuropsychoanalysis I: Visiting the Concepts of Drive with Freud, Lacan, Damasio, Panksepp, and Solms." Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 27, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 139–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2022.27.3.139.
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Psychoanalysis and neuroscience are the same in that both study the mind, although their methodologies are different. Neuropsychoanalysis, which makes integrative approaches to them, is needed for the mind studies. The paper attempts to explore the neuropsychoanalytic concept of drive by examining the drive-related theories of Freud, Lacan, Damasio, Panksepp, and Solms. According to Freud, drive arises from somatic sources and operates at the unconscious level. Affects, emotions, and feelings are based on drives, but they are felt and realized at the conscious levels. He focuses only on the psychological due to the intellectual limitations of his times but makes it clear that the sources of drive are somatic. Lacan refuses to attend to the physical source of drive. For Damasio, feelings arise primarily from the physical sources, and the feelings include background/primitive feelings, primary emotion feelings, and secondary emotion feelings. Feelings are fundamental to the mind and accompany emotions. Freud’s drive and Damasio’s feeling concepts are similar in that they indicate the basic energy of the mind arising from the somatic. Panksepp presents four major emotional systems on the ground of the sources of feelings within intrinsic brain functions. Solms follows Panksepp’s ideas. For both Damasio and Panksepp, feelings/emotional systems emerge from somatic sources, and the sources are a variety of neural circuits and neurochemicals. If we can fill with Damasio’s and Panksepp’s similar ideas of neural circuits and neurochemicals the somatic sources that Freud left blank, we can think of the neuropsychoanalytic concept of drive.
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Kuo Cheng Chung, Kuo Cheng Chung, and Che-Hung Lin Kuo Cheng Chung. "Drivers of Financial Robot Continuance Usage Intentions: An Application of Self-efficacy Theory." 網際網路技術學刊 24, no. 2 (March 2023): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642023032402018.
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<p>As financial technology (FinTech) continues to improve, financial robots gradually become the direction for customers’ investment and financial management references. This study develops an interactive model to illustrate how individuals use financial robots to achieve continuance intentions through self-efficacy. This study is conducted from the perspective of consumers. At present, most consumers obtain financial consulting services from financial robots and determine their investment directions based on data given. This study uses a self-efficacy model and the FinTech perspective to find the key factors for future investors to consider using financial robots. SPSS 21.0 and Smart PLS 3.0 are used in the analysis process. A total of 320 samples are obtained for the analysis in this study. Results show that financial and technological self-efficacy positively affect customers’ continuance intention. This study will help consumers possess the ability to choose financial robots and improve their continuance intentions through financial literacy and task– technology fit (TTF).</p> <p> </p>
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Lyu, Zhen, Chunhua Qi, and Shoulin Zhu. "Driver’s Attention Allocation and Mental Workload at Different Random Hazard Points on Prairie Highway." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (October 30, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3837509.
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To identify the characteristics of driver’s visual perception and measure the mental workload at different random hazard points on prairie highway, an on-road study was conducted with 28 drivers. The I view X HED eye tracker and MP150 multichannel physiological recorder were used to collect the driver’s eye movement and ECG data at different hazard scenarios synchronously. The gaze transfer theory and statistical methods were used to make comparative analysis of typical visual and mental workload evaluation indicators of drivers at different random risk points. The results show that no matter what kind of random risk is confronted, the percentage of drivers’ fixation duration to the current lane drops, where random risk belongs to increase. The distribution of eye glance transition proportions shows that drivers highly bias their scanning attention by only focusing on transferring between forward and the areas where the random belongs to. Compared with off-road risk points, the driver’s gaze transfer is more frequent when facing on-road risk points, and the gaze transfer path is fixed, indicating that on-road risks have higher requirements for drivers’ perception and greater information processing load. There are obvious differences in the degree of influence of the types of random risk points on driver’s psychology. The heart rate growth rate is the largest when drivers were confronted with overtaking cut-in (37.9%) and forward parking (38%), whereas the index RMSSD changes in the opposite way. It reaches the minimum value when the random risks are overtaking cut-in (22.679 ms) and forward parking (22.907 ms). Meanwhile, the driving speed shows larger fluctuation at risk points on the road. This study reveals that on-road hazards pose greater threats to drivers, and it can contribute to a better understanding of the potential hazards on the prairie highways and provide suggestions for future application of advanced driver assistance systems which can warn drivers about potential hazards.
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Shahbazbegian, Mohammad Reza, Anthony Turton, and Seyed Masoud Mousavi Shafaee. "Hydropolitical Self-Organization theory; system dynamics to analyse hydropolitics of Helmand transboundary river." Water Policy 18, no. 5 (March 29, 2016): 1088–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.204.
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The paper is based on the hydropolitical driver concept and analyses non-technological drivers responsible for the depletion of water resources determining the hydropolitical situation over time. To tackle the complexity stemming from the heterogeneity of drivers, the paper adopts both theoretical hydropolitics (hydropolitical driver concept) and system dynamics (SD) (causal loop diagrams tool) to map a mature self-organization mechanism in the Helmand transboundary river watershed gradually stemming from five known hydropolitical drivers' activity through history. The drivers are described according to two important historical phases. In this regard the authors introduce ‘primary’, ‘third party’, ‘national’, ‘regional’ and ‘state building’ drivers into the transboundary basin in order to define a mature system mechanism, called a ‘Hydropolitical Self-Organization (HSO)’ mechanism in the paper. In parallel with explaining the drivers, the corresponding five stages of the derived HSO are to be analysed. Also, to underpin the drivers and derived system mechanism activities, the paper adopts related theories, statistical data and historical documents. However, the mature self-organization mechanism including all drivers led to derivation of three perspectives of various hydropolitical scenarios in the future both within and between the two neighbouring countries as well as suggesting four system policy options relying on the SD principles to check unintended outcomes of the self-organization mechanism.
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Wang, Chang, Qinyu Sun, Zhen Li, and Hongjia Zhang. "Human-Like Lane Change Decision Model for Autonomous Vehicles that Considers the Risk Perception of Drivers in Mixed Traffic." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082259.
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Determining an appropriate time to execute a lane change is a critical issue for the development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs).However, few studies have considered the rear and the front vehicle-driver’s risk perception while developing a human-like lane-change decision model. This paper aims to develop a lane-change decision model for AVs and to identify a two level threshold that conforms to a driver’s perception of the ability to safely change lanes with a rear vehicle approaching fast. Based on the signal detection theory and extreme moment trials on a real highway, two thresholds of safe lane change were determined with consideration of risk perception of the rear and the subject vehicle drivers, respectively. The rear vehicle’s Minimum Safe Deceleration (MSD) during the lane change maneuver of the subject vehicle was selected as the lane change safety indicator, and was calculated using the proposed human-like lane-change decision model. The results showed that, compared with the driver in the front extreme moment trial, the driver in the rear extreme moment trial is more conservative during the lane change process. To meet the safety expectations of the subject and rear vehicle drivers, the primary and secondary safe thresholds were determined to be 0.85 m/s2 and 1.76 m/s2, respectively. The decision model can help make AVs safer and more polite during lane changes, as it not only improves acceptance of the intelligent driving system, but also further ensures the rear vehicle’s driver’s safety.
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An, Shu-Ke, Liang-Jie Xu, Gang Liu, and Ze Yu Shi. "A Fuzzy Full Velocity Difference Model Based on Driver’s Perception Characteristics." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7626095.
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The perception characteristics of drivers greatly vary with the status of traffic flow. To designate the vehicle trajectory more accurately, a driver’s perception headway coefficient is introduced, and a fuzzy full velocity difference (FVD) model is proposed in this paper. Consistent with the control theory, the stability conditions of the improved model are derived. Through the fuzzy control method, the input and output items of the control rule are constructed, respectively. The genetic algorithm is operated to calibrate the model parameters of timid and aggressive drivers. Eventually, the effectiveness of the model is verified by simulations. The research results show that, with the decrease of driver’s perception headway coefficient, the stability range of the traffic flow gradually increases, which is beneficial. Additionally, the average root means square percentage errors (RMSPE) values of the full velocity difference (FVD) model, the intelligent driver model (IDM), and the proposed model are, respectively, 0.312, 0.308, and 0.213. Compared with IDM and FVD models, the proposed model can accurately describe the local velocity variations and determine the car-following behavior of the human driving vehicle better.
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Sun, Jia Feng, Ning Yang, Juan Li, Jing Qiao, and Jian Gang Qiao. "Research on Interchange Ramp Circular Curve Radius Based on Land-Saving Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4109.
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As an important part of expressway, interchange has space multi-layer structure form and function of stereoscopic transportation steering, which transforms traffic flow, combs and controls traffic. At present the overpass occupies excessive land and large-scale project, which is serious waste of land resources. Under the premise of ensuring road capacity and traffic safety, in order to save land resource, based on Traffic Engineering, Psychology and other theory, the paper used the method of combination of computer simulation and field experiment, that’s through simulation of a driving simulator cabin got the tensity threshold of driver’s psychological and physiological reaction. Field tests were carried on about cars and drivers on the 68 expressway interchanges in Liaoning and Hubei province by using MC5600, dynamic driver heart physiological tester and other equipments. In addition, the paper surveyed the speed of the vehicle on the road and drivers’ psychological and physiological reaction, constructed mathematical model of driver tensity through analyzing feature point velocity and law of drivers’ psychological and physiological reaction, put forward suggested value of land-saving ramp circular curve radius ensuring traffic safety and service level from the point of speed consistency and driver tensity, which would make expressway interchange design meet the concept of economical highway. Therefore, the paper ensures the quality of highway geometric design as well as improves the effectiveness of highway construction and operation.
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Jiang, Xiaowei, Yanjie Ji, Muqing Du, and Wei Deng. "A Study of Driver’s Route Choice Behavior Based on Evolutionary Game Theory." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/124716.
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This paper proposes a route choice analytic method that embeds cumulative prospect theory in evolutionary game theory to analyze how the drivers adjust their route choice behaviors under the influence of the traffic information. A simulated network with two alternative routes and one variable message sign is built to illustrate the analytic method. We assume that the drivers in the transportation system are bounded rational, and the traffic information they receive is incomplete. An evolutionary game model is constructed to describe the evolutionary process of the drivers’ route choice decision-making behaviors. Here we conclude that the traffic information plays an important role in the route choice behavior. The driver’s route decision-making process develops towards different evolutionary stable states in accordance with different transportation situations. The analysis results also demonstrate that employing cumulative prospect theory and evolutionary game theory to study the driver’s route choice behavior is effective. This analytic method provides an academic support and suggestion for the traffic guidance system, and may optimize the travel efficiency to a certain extent.
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Wu, Yuru, Weifeng Li, Qing Yu, and Jinyu Chen. "Modeling the Impacts of Driver Income Distributions on Online Ride-Hailing Services." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 20, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3055337.
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The online ride-hailing taxi brings new vitality into the traditional taxi market, as well as new issues and challenges. The pricing and profit distribution of online ride-hailing services is one of the major concerns. This study focuses on the pricing and income distribution in the online ride-hailing system. Queuing system model and birth and death process theory are introduced to describe the driver’s flow process in the network. The social welfare maximization model and the platform profit maximization model are constructed based on the dynamic pricing mechanism, from the government’s and platform’s standpoint, respectively. Through numerical experiments, this paper analyzes the income distribution of drivers under different settings and the influence of different factors (average travel time, psychologically expected price of drivers and passengers, and probability of driver leaving the system) on the proportion of income distribution. The results show that the drivers’ income distribution proportion is higher in the pursuit of social welfare maximization than that in the pursuit of platform profit maximization, and in different benefit pursuit models, various factors have a certain influence on the driver’s income distribution proportion. The proposed method and conclusion in this study can be considered as references for online ride-hailing market supervision and policy-making.
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Żołna, Małgorzata Maria. "SAFETY SPEED RULE IN THEORY AND PRACTICE." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 39–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2219.
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This article considers an important issue, very often appearing in the case law (judicial decisions) and doctrine, namely the principle of safety speed rule, according to which the driver is obliged to drive at a speed ensuring control over the vehicle, take into account the driving conditions and to drive in an non-intrusive way for other drivers. Both exceeding the speed allowed in a given area, as well as driving a vehicle at a speed clearly hindering the movement of other road users is connected with imposing a penalty ticket and penalty points on the driver of the vehicle. The article provides an analysis of the provisions of the Road Traffic Law, justification of the Provincial Administrative Court in Szczecin, as well as the accident in which the driver significantly exceeded the allowed speed, which led to the road accident where the second driver died on the spot.
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Dachang, Z. H. U. "Sliding mode synchronous control for fixture clamps system driven by hydraulic servo systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes603.
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Although the two sides clips of a fixture clamps system have the same driving mechanisms, the synchronous error between the dual drivers of the two clips is generated by non-balanced forces. With position variation of clips and various uncertainty disturbances during the working process, the synchronous movement of the two clips is difficult. In the current paper, sliding mode synchronous controller is designed for fixture clamps system which is driven by hydraulic servo system. Setting the load dynamic error of one driver as external disturbance to the other driver, the departure from synchronization caused by the parameter variation and external forces between two clips is limited. The stability of the control system and the convergence of synchronous tracking errors are guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory. Simulations illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
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Sall, Robert J., Richard B. Wagner, and Jing Feng. "Drivers’ Perceptions of Events: Implications for Theory and Practice." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 1996–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631477.
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People are known to naturally segment meaningful units of activity into individual events. Though an influential body of work demonstrating the relationship between event perception and human performance in daily tasks does exist, less consideration has been given to ideas that event perception can shape driving performance. This paper offers an introduction to event perception for the transportation community with a study measuring drivers’ perceptions for events in simulated driving scenes. The results demonstrate consistency in drivers’ perceptions of events and that specific features of a driving scene can predict event boundaries. This study also provides some evidence for a relationship between event perception and driving skill as measured by driving frequency. Discussed are the study’s implications to predict and shape the cognitive performance of drivers, along with potential benefits for driver training programs.
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Lin, Tung-Cheng, David Fang, Siang-Ying Hsueh, and Ming-Cheng Lai. "Drivers of participation in Facebook long-term care groups: Applying the use and gratification theory, social identification theory, and the modulating role of group diversity." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219839618.
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Facebook long-term care groups have been established by long-term care workers, and few studies have explored the related drivers of participation from the perspective of caregivers. This study applied a mixed-methods approach; the qualitative component conducted a pilot study to explore the drivers of participation in Facebook long-term care groups and found that the use and gratification theory provides a valid approach for explaining these drivers. Subsequently, the quantitative component, based on the use and gratification theory, proposed a conceptual model to examine the effect of these drivers on the social identity of these groups as well as the modulating effects of extraversion and group diversity in terms of age and educational background. The results showed that the most important social identification–related driver underlying participation in these groups was self-discovery. In addition, the relationship among these drivers and social identification was found to be modulated by extraversion, age, and educational background.
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Abadjieva, Emilia. "Kinematic Theory of Spatial Rack Drives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.265.
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On the basis of performed vector analysis of spatial motion transformation of type rotation into translation is created a kinematic theory of this transformation type. Using the kinematic theory the basic kinematic-geometric characteristics of spatial rack mechanisms, applicable to their analysis and synthesis are initiated. These characteristics: kinematic cylinder of level, kinematic relative helicoids, and kinematic pitch surfaces are elements of kinematic geometry of the spatial rack drives
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STERN, TOM. "Against Nietzsche's ‘Theory’ of the Drives." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 1, no. 1 (2015): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2014.23.
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ABSTRACT:Nietzsche, we are often told, had an account of ‘self’ or ‘mind’ or a ‘philosophical psychology’, in which what he calls our ‘drives’ play a highly significant role. This underpins not merely his understanding of mind—in particular, of consciousness and action—but also his positive ethics, be they understood as authenticity, freedom, (self-)knowledge, autonomy, self-creation, or power. But Nietzsche did not have anything like a coherent account of ‘the drives’ according to which the self, the relationship between thought and action, or consciousness could be explained; consequently, he did not have a stable account of drives on which his positive ethics could rest. By this, I do not mean that his account is incomplete or that it is philosophically indefensible: both would leave open, misleadingly, the possibility of a rational reconstruction of Nietzsche's views; both would already assume more unity and coherence than we find in his texts. Specifically, as I show through detailed analysis, Nietzsche provides varied and inconsistent accounts of (1) what a ‘drive’ is, (2) how much we can know about drives, and (3) the relationship between drives and conscious deliberations about action. I conclude by questioning the hunt for a Nietzschean theory: is this the best way to be reading him?
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Fancher, Paul S., and Zevi Bareket. "Evolving Model for Studying Driver-Vehicle System Performance in Longitudinal Control of Headway." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1631, no. 1 (January 1998): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1631-03.
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A model for studying and evaluating the performance of drivers in controlling headway situations is currently being used to better understand how a driver’s perception of headway range and its rate of change in time (range rate) influence the performance of the driver-vehicle system in freeway driving situations. The model is based upon ideas derived from vehicle dynamics, control theory, and human factors research. It is an interpretive model in the sense that results obtained during real driving are processed to evaluate the parameter values and functional relationships used in the model. In this way, the model evolves as new data and information become available and as calculated results are interpreted and understood.
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Liu, Yun, Zhi Xiang Hou, Dan Yu, and Yi Hu Wu. "Research on Forecasting the State of Driver Based on Chaos Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.954.
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Considering ‘The state of car is the outside and mechanized expression of driver character’, the HRV sets of driver are input which could show the chaos characteristic, the constructed variable named ‘safety time coefficient’ is set up as output, and then a forecasting network on the state of driver is established. And a BP algorithm combing with chaos optimize algorithm is used in the network. The simulation results show that the established network could forecast the state of drivers and the reliability is steady.
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Arista, Ratri, Acintya Ratna Priwati, and Putri Yunifa. "The Sense of Community of Online Taxi Drivers." Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 8, no. 2 (January 2, 2022): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/psy.v8i2.7388.
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This study explores how the sense of community (SOC) is represented in online taxi driver communities. This study in Yogyakarta utilized qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was conducted using in-depth interview by snowball sampling method. Thematic analysis is used with theory-driven approach of SOC framework by McMillan and Chavis (1986). Nine male online taxi drivers were the participants. The findings show that all four SOC components are present: membership, influence, integration & need fulfillment, and shared emotional connection. Membership has permeable expanding boundaries with multiple membership and multilayered communities with conventional taxi drivers involvement. Bidirectional influence represents the influence component. Integration and needs fulfillment exists by their informational and helping shared values. Shared emotional connection is represented with the ‘brotherhood’ concept as their main community value. This study contributes to the literature on how sense of community is represented among informal workers amidst the heightened popularity of gig economy.
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Jiang, Zonglin, Jinping Li, Zongmin Hu, Yunfeng Liu, and Hongru Yu. "On theory and methods for advanced detonation-driven hypervelocity shock tunnels." National Science Review 7, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa050.
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Abstract This study describes theory and methods for developing detonation-driven shock tunnels in hypervelocity test facilities. The primary concept and equations for high-enthalpy shock tunnels are presented first to demonstrate the unique advantage of shock tubes for aerodynamic ground-based testing. Then, the difficulties in simulating flight conditions in hypervelocity shock tunnels are identified, and discussed in detail to address critical issues underlying these difficulties. Theory and methods for developing detonation drivers are proposed, and relevant progress that has advanced the state of the art in large-scale hypersonic test facilities is presented with experimental verifications. Finally, tailored conditions for detonation-driven shock tunnels are described, laying a solid foundation to achieve long test duration. This interface-matching key issue encountered in developing shock tunnels has been investigated for decades, but not solved for detonation drivers in engineering applications.
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Xu, Xiaoling, Xuejian Kang, Xiaoping Wang, Shuai Zhao, and Chundi Si. "Research on Spiral Tunnel Exit Speed Prediction Model Based on Driver Characteristics." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315736.
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The “white hole effect” alters the driving environment during a tunnel’s exit phase, making it more difficult and uncertain for drivers to access information and control their behavior, thereby endangering traffic safety. Consequently, the driving risk at the exit of a long spiral tunnel served as the subject of this study, and the Jinjiazhuang spiral tunnel served as the object of the natural vehicle driving experiment. Following the theory of a non-linear autoregressive dynamic neural network, a vehicle speed prediction model based on driver characteristics was developed for the exit phase of the tunnel, taking driver expectations and behavioral changes into account. It also classifies the driver’s behavior during the tunnel’s exit phase to assess the risk posed by the driver’s behavior during the tunnel’s exit phase and determine a dynamic and safe comfort speed. The study’s results indicate that the driver’s behavioral load changed significantly as the vehicle approached the tunnel exit. At the exit of the spiral tunnel, the vehicle’s actual speed was 71 km/h, which is below the speed limit of 80 km/h. This demonstrates that the expected change in the driver’s behavior in the tunnel exit phase was substantial. Therefore, setting the emotional safety and comfort speed so that the driver maintains a smooth comfort level in the tunnel exit phase can reduce the tunnel exit driving risk. The results of this study provide a benchmark for tunnel traffic safety and lay the groundwork for further development of vehicle risk warning settings for the tunnel’s exit phase.
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Chao, Emmanuel. "Contractual satisfaction: drivers and implication for theory." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 7, no. 3 (2014): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2014.060368.
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Suo, Z. "A Continuum Theory That Couples Creep and Self-Diffusion." Journal of Applied Mechanics 71, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1781176.
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In a single-component material, a chemical potential gradient or a wind force drives self-diffusion. If the self-diffusion flux has a divergence, the material deforms. We formulate a continuum theory to be consistent with this kinematic constraint. When the diffusion flux is divergence-free, the theory decouples into Stokes’s theory for creep and Herring’s theory for self-diffusion. A length emerges from the coupled theory to characterize the relative rate of self-diffusion and creep. For a flow in a film driven by a stress gradient, creep dominates in thick films, and self-diffusion dominates in thin films. Depending on the film thickness, either stress-driven creep or stress-driven diffusion prevails to counterbalance electromigration. The transition occurs when the film thickness is comparable to the characteristic length of the material.
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Krity, Kaushiki, Kunal Goyal, Mohit Khatri, Naman Pandey, and Suguna M. K. "Using Facial Features to Detect Driver’s Drowsiness State." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 1797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51947.
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Abstract: Drowsiness and fatigue are one of the main causes leading to road accidents. They can be prevented by taking effort to get enough sleep before driving, drink coffee or energy drink, or have a rest when the signs of drowsiness occur. The popular drowsiness detection method uses complex methods, such as EEG and ECG [19]. This method has high accuracy for its measurement but it need to use contact measurement and it has many limitations on driver fatigue and drowsiness monitor. Thus, it is not comfortable to be used in real time driving. This paper proposes a way to detect the drowsiness signs among drivers by measuring the eye closing rate and yawning. We provide a robust and intelligent strategy for detecting driver tiredness in this work to address this growing problem. This method involves installing a camera inside the car to record the driver's facial look. The first phase involves using computer vision algorithms to identify and track the face region in the recorded video sequence. After that, the head is removed and its lateral and frontal assent are examined for indications of driver weariness. The driver's state is finally assessed during the fusion phase, and if drowsiness is found, a warning message and an alert are given to the driver. Our tests provide strong support for the proposed theory. The parameters of the eyes and mouth detection are created within the face image. The video was change into images frames per second. From there, locating the eyes and mouth can be performed. Once the eyes are located, measuring the intensity changes in the eye area determine the eyes are open or closed. The major goal of this research is to create a non-intrusive system that can recognise driver weariness and deliver a prompt warning.
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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Jianqiang Wang, Jinglei Zhang, and Xuegang Jeff Ban. "Lane-changing model with dynamic consideration of driver's propensity." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 02 (February 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115500151.
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Lane-changing is the driver's selection result of the satisfaction degree in different lane driving conditions. There are many different factors influencing lane-changing behavior, such as diversity, randomicity and difficulty of measurement. So it is hard to accurately reflect the uncertainty of drivers' lane-changing behavior. As a result, the research of lane-changing models is behind that of car-following models. Driver's propensity is her/his emotion state or the corresponding preference of a decision or action toward the real objective traffic situations under the influence of various dynamic factors. It represents the psychological characteristics of the driver in the process of vehicle operation and movement. It is an important factor to influence lane-changing. In this paper, dynamic recognition of driver's propensity is considered during simulation based on its time-varying discipline and the analysis of the driver's psycho-physic characteristics. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to quantify the hierarchy of driver's dynamic lane-changing decision-making process, especially the influence of the propensity. The model is validated using real data. Test results show that the developed lane-changing model with the dynamic consideration of a driver's time-varying propensity and the AHP method are feasible and with improved accuracy.
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Zhai, Cong, and Wei-Tiao Wu. "An extended continuum model with consideration of the self-anticipative effect." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 31 (November 10, 2018): 1850382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918503827.
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Drivers would adjust the speeds in response to not only the external environment, but also the anticipated traffic condition. In this paper, we propose a new continuum model considering the driver’s self-anticipative effect. Such effect is mainly reflected by the difference between the current speed and optimal speed within the anticipation time step. By applying the linear stability theory, the stability condition of the new model is obtained. Through the nonlinear analysis method, the KdV–Burgers equation of the model is provided. The solution describes the evolution of density waves near the neutral stability region. The simulation example verifies that the self-anticipative effect of the driver contributes to suppressing traffic congestion and reducing exhaust emissions effectively. We thus suggest that the traffic flow stability could be improved in an ad hoc manner.
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Hermanto, Koko, Eki Ruskartina, Iksan Adiasa, Nurul Hudaningsih, Gipari Royen P, and Harizahayu Harizahayu. "EVALUATION OF THE QUEUE SYSTEM OF A DRIVING LICENSE APPLICATION AT KEPOLISIAN SUMBAWA BESAR." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 17, no. 1 (April 16, 2023): 0383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol17iss1pp0383-0390.
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A driving License (SIM) is a card that a motorized vehicle driver must own to prove the eligibility to drive a motorized vehicle. There are still many drivers who do not have a SIM. One of the reasons drivers don't apply for a driving license is because they object to follow every procedure in making a driver's license, which takes a long time and causes long queues every day. The application for a driver's license in a city or district is only in one place, namely at the City Police. As a result, many applicants apply for a driver's license in the queue system. This problem also occurs in the SIM-making service system at the Sumbawa Police Station. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the queuing system for SIM-making services at the Sumbawa Besar Resort Police using the queuing theory method. There are two types of submissions in applying for a SIM, namely a new application and an application for an extension of a SIM, and the queuing system model used is Single Channel-Multi Phase. There are three phases in applying for a new SIM: the registration phase, photo phase, and test phase. Meanwhile, the application for a SIM extension has two steps: registration and photos. Based on the results of the analysis, the use of one service in each phase has not been optimal in overcoming the number of queues in the new SIM application process because there is still a steady-state (ρ) greater than one and the number of applicants is still queuing in the system, namely on Monday (phase test), Wednesday (test phase) and Friday (photo phase and test phase). Therefore, it is proposed to add one more service on that day and phase so that the stadium condition (ρ) is less than one and there is only one applicant in the queue (Lq).
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Nadler, S. Scott, and John F. Kros. "Logistic Regression Approach to Predicting Truck Driver Turnover." International Journal of Applied Logistics 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2014010102.
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The purpose of this study is to identify those constructs that lead to driver turnover. The theory of reasoned action (TRA), originating in the social psychology literature is the theoretical approach in this study. Interviews with drivers were conducted using the intercept method to develop a survey instrument. The survey was then administered to drivers at large truck stops. This study makes contributions on two fronts. From a managerial perspective the study results indicate that companies can use a technique such as this model as part of their driver retention efforts in order to create competitive advantage by increasing efficiency and cutting costs. The resulting logistic regression model, based on four factors, accounts for eighty eight percent of the variance and accurately predicts which drivers or driver classes are most at risk of turning over.
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Moskovich, Yaffa. "Management Attitude Shaping Cultural Sustainability in a Taxi Company—An Israeli Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 13109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013109.
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This research examined human interaction in a taxi driving company, analyzing the cultural influence of the management’s social definition of its employees. In addition, this case study examined the relevance of “activity theory” through the perspective of the “iceberg model”. Based on this model, the researcher explored the overt and practical layers of the organizational culture of the company as well as its hidden layers. The ethnographic research developed along qualitative lines: 28 interviews and 10 direct observations in the organizational setting. The research questions were: ‘How did the owners’ attitude shape the culture of their taxi company and how did their behavior influence cultural sustainability?’ The findings portrayed a culture of conflict, driven by the owners’ motivation to become rich quickly. The overt layers of the organizational culture included domineering managerial behavior, exploiting the drivers’ inferior status, creating a high level of stress, and openly humiliating them. The drivers were deeply dissatisfied, which led to high rates of turnover. Moreover, analyzing the social interactions in the firm uncovered the hidden agenda of the owners (i.e., the covert layers), which was to amass a fortune in a short time at the expense of their workers. The analysis highlighted the damage this capitalist managerial attitude caused to the organizational sustainability of the company. The managerial behavior caused high driver turnover, which led to a constant shortage of drivers and instability in the company. By focusing on one taxi driving company in northern Israel, this research enriches the literature in the fields of social interaction, activity theory, organizational culture, and sustainability. This paper presents insights that stem from “activity theory”, according to which managers can interact with their employees, overcoming mistrust and conflict, in order to enhance organizational sustainability.
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Fansen, Kong, and Sui Jie. "Computer simulation of driver working memory processing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34856.
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In general, using simulations to solve problems of human behaviour, as is done in engineering, is particularly difficult. Making use of research into motor vehicle manoeuvrability, this article studies, from the engineering perspective, a computer simulation of working memory processing disabilities of automobile drivers. Firstly, utilizing theories drawn from cognitive psychology, motor vehicle manoeuvrability dynamics, and fuzzy control theory, a driver working memory simulation model is advanced. The model integrates working memory, which is a critical factor in predicting complex cognitive manipulation activities. Secondly, the driver's working memory processing is simulated using the model, and its effects on motor vehicle manoeuvrability and stability are assessed. The test result shows that there is an optimal range of processing time for driving. The lower limit of the range is limited by human physiological limits. The upper limit is defined by the task's complexity. The task could not be finished if the information processing time for finishing the complex task is greater than the upper limit.
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Zakrajsek, Jennifer, Lisa Molnar, David Eby, Lidia Kostyniuk, Nicole Zanier, David J. LeBlanc, and Tina B. Sayer. "GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING EVIDENCE-BASED RISKY DRIVING COUNTERMEASURES THAT INCLUDE OLDER DRIVERS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.655.
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Abstract Driver behavior will continue to play a critical role in driving safety for the foreseeable future. Utilizing behavior change theory appropriately presents opportunities to improve the effectiveness of risky driving countermeasures that have been under-utilized to date. Older drivers should not be excluded from consideration of risky behaviors. Forty-six drivers (33% age 65+) completed surveys, then drove for three weeks with data collection during all trips. The Theory of Planned Behavior guided a two-phased regression analysis approach: 1) behavioral intentions were predicted using attitudes about behaviors and demographics; 2) observed risky behavior was predicted using behavioral intentions, theory constructs, personality/psychosocial characteristics, demographics, and driving exposure. Results were synthesized and the emergent themes were used to formulate guidelines for developing theory-based education and communication risky driving countermeasures. Guidelines focused on four risky driving behaviors observed in a large proportion of participants (72% - 96%): holding/using a cellphone; eating/drinking; speeding; and tailgating. Twenty-six guidelines were developed across four categories: 1) relationships among risky behaviors; 2) characteristics or underlying dimensions of risky driving (e.g., time, location, emotion); 3) behavior change theory constructs; 4) audience and message factors. While older drivers self-reported low frequencies of risky behaviors, low intentions for future risky behaviors, and less favorable attitudes toward risky behaviors than younger drivers they were regularly observed engaging in risky behaviors: distracted behaviors in 79% of trips and 2.1 speeding events per trip. Risky driving countermeasures are appropriate for older drivers and the emergent guidelines will be presented with recommended variations for older drivers.
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SLOTE, MICHAEL. "Driver's Virtues." Utilitas 16, no. 1 (February 11, 2004): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820803001031.
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Julia Driver's Uneasy Virtue offers a theory of virtue and the virtues without being an instance of virtue ethics. It presents a consequentialist challenge to recent virtue ethics, but its positive views – and especially its interesting examples – have great significance in their own right. Driver's defence of ‘virtues of ignorance’ has force despite all the challenges to it that have been mounted over the years. But there are also examples differing from those Driver has mentioned that favour the idea of such virtues. Perhaps certain virtues of religious faith and the virtue necessary for dealing as best one can with moral dilemmas both require ignorance. However, some of the examples Driver does discuss raise the question whether virtue status is based solely on consequences, rather than perhaps having (in addition) a motivational component.
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Benabdellah, Abla Chaouni, Asmaa Benghabrit, and Imane Bouhaddou. "Complexity drivers in engineering design." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 6 (February 14, 2020): 1663–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-11-2019-0299.
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Purpose In the era of industry 4.0, managing the design is a challenging mission. Within a dynamic environment, several disciplines have adopted the complex adaptive system (CAS) perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to explore how we may deepen our understanding of the design process as a CAS. In this respect, the key complexity drivers of the design process are discussed and an organizational decomposition for the simulation of the design process as CAS is conducted. Design/methodology/approach The proposed methodology comprises three steps. First, the complexity drivers of the design process are presented and are matched with those of CAS. Second, an analysis of over 111 selected papers is presented to choose the appropriate model for the design process from the CAS theory. Third, the paper provides methodological guidelines to develop an organizational decision support system that supports the complexity of the design process. Findings An analysis of the key drivers of design process complexity shows the need to adopt the CAS theory. In addition to that, a comparative analysis between all the organizational methodologies developed in the literature leads the authors to conclude that agent-oriented Software Process for engineering complex System is the appropriate methodology for simulating the design process. In this respect, a system requirements phase of the decision support system is conducted. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in the fact of analysing the complexity of the design process as a CAS. In doing so, all the richness of the CAS theory can be used to meet the challenges of those already existing in the theory of the design.
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Thomas, Stephanie P., Sara Liao-Troth, and Donnie F. Williams. "Inefficacy: the tipping point of driver burnout." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 50, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-07-2019-0223.
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PurposeTruck drivers keep supply chains moving, but driver shortages and high turnover levels plague the industry. The purpose of this research is to examine the three dimensions of Maslach's job burnout model: exhaustion, cynicism and professional inefficacy, as it relates to role stressors and turnover intention. Logistics boundary spanners such as truck drivers appear to be especially susceptible to job burnout. Role theory and organizational support theory were used to develop hypotheses.Design/methodology/approachIndividual level survey data were collected from 190 truck driver respondents (not owner operators) at two large truck stops. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsFindings suggest that the relationship between role stressors and the dimensions of job burnout are not all the same. Role conflict significantly impacts exhaustion and cynicism. Role ambiguity significantly impacts cynicism and inefficacy. Results support a progression through burnout dimensions that begins with exhaustion and ends with inefficacy. Inefficacy was significantly related to intention to stay. Organizational support is a way to help drivers mitigate feelings of inefficacy.Practical implicationsManagers in trucking organizations can track burnout levels in their drivers using the Maslach Burnout Inventory with a specific focus on monitoring feelings of inefficacy, which may help lower turnover levels.Originality/valueThe findings support that the burnout dimension of inefficacy is the strongest indicator that a driver is considering leaving his current organization or the industry. This is contrary to other studies that have focused on the other two burnout dimensions.
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Deffenbacher, Jerry L., Tracy L. Richards, Linda B. Filetti, and Rebekah S. Lynch. "Angry Drivers: A Test of State-Trait Theory." Violence and Victims 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2005.20.4.455.
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Roy, Subhradeep. "Quantifying interactions among car drivers using information theory." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 30, no. 11 (November 2020): 113125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0023243.
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