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1
A, Shilpa. "Smart Drip Irrigation System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 1560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12888.
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Bryla, David R., Elizabeth Dickson, Robert Shenk, R. Scott Johnson, Carlos H. Crisosto, and Thomas J. Trout. "Influence of Irrigation Method and Scheduling on Patterns of Soil and Tree Water Status and Its Relation to Yield and Fruit Quality in Peach." HortScience 40, no. 7 (December 2005): 2118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2118.
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A 3-year study was done to determine the effects of furrow, microspray, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation on production and fruit quality in mature `Crimson Lady' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. Furrow and microspray irrigations were scheduled weekly or biweekly, which is common practice in central California, while surface and subsurface drip irrigations were scheduled daily. Trees were maintained at similar water potentials following irrigation by adjusting water applications as needed. Tree size and fruit number were normalized among treatments by pruning and thinning each season. Surface and subsurface drip produced the largest fruit on average and the highest marketable yields among treatments. Drip benefits appeared most related to the ability to apply frequent irrigations. Whether water was applied above or below ground, daily irrigations by drip maintained higher soil water content within the root zone and prevented cycles of water stress found between less-frequent furrow and microspray irrigations. With furrow and microsprays, midday tree water potentials reached as low as –1.4 MPa between weekly irrigations and –1.8 MPa between biweekly irrigations, which likely accounted for smaller fruit and lower yields in these treatments. To reduce water stress, more frequent irrigation is probably impractical with furrow systems but is recommended when irrigating during peak water demands by microspray.
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Murtiningrum, Murtiningrum, Ilham Nawan Rasyid, Lia Christyaningrum, Erlina Fahrunisa, and Ngadisih Ngadisih. "Performance of Drip and Mist Irrigation to Supply Water for Vegetable." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 999, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/999/1/012013.
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Abstract Irrigation or water use for agriculture is the biggest water consumer. Reducing water use for irrigation means significantly to water saving. Drip and mist irrigations are methods of water application which consume water more efficiently and more agriculture products produce from same amount of water. This research aimed to assess performance off drip irrigation and mist irrigation to supply irrigation water for vegetables. The vegetables cultivated were spinach, mustard, and water spinach. The indicators employed were discharge, uniformity, dan water productivity. The research results showed that average discharges of drip and mist irrigations were 0.0056 litre/second and 0.0012 litre/second, respectively. The uniformity was measured using distribution uniformity (DU) and Christiansen uniformity index (CU). The DU of drip and mist irrigations were 0.84 and 0.76, respectively. The CU of drip and mist irrigations were 0.76 and 0.82, respectively. The biomass water productivities of spinach, mustard, and water spinach irrigated with drip irrigation were 2.23, 9.51, and 7.92, respectively. The biomass water productivities of spinach, mustard, and water spinach irrigated with mist irrigation were 0.98, 8.70, and 9.10, respectively.
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Choi, C., I. Song, S. Stine, J. Pimentel, and C. Gerba. "Role of irrigation and wastewater reuse: comparison of subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0089.
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Two different irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation, are tested to investigate the level of viral contamination and survival when tertiary effluent is used in arid and semi-arid regions. The effluent was injected with bacteriophages of PRD1 and MS2. A greater number of PRD1 and MS2 were recovered from the lettuce in the subsurface drip-irrigated plots as compared to those in the furrow-irrigated plots. Shallow drip tape installation and preferential water paths through cracks on the soil surface appeared to be the main causes of high viral contamination in subsurface drip irrigation plots, which led to the direct contact of the lettuce stems with the irrigation water which penetrated the soil surface. The water use efficiency of the subsurface drip irrigation system was higher than that of the furrow irrigation system. Thus, subsurface drip irrigation is an efficient irrigation method for vegetable crops in arid and semi-arid regions if viral contamination can be reduced. Deeper installation of drip tapes, frequent irrigations, and timely harvests based on cumulative heat units may further reduce health risks by ensuring viral die-off under various field conditions.
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Zhang, Yu, Yongjun Zhu, and Baolin Yao. "A study on interannual change features of soil salinity of cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch in Southern Xinjiang." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): e0244404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244404.
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The drip irrigation under mulch has become one of significant supporting technologies for cotton industry development in Xinjiang, and has shown the good economic and ecological benefits. With the rapid development of society and economy in Southern Xinjiang, the conventional mode of large-quota winter and spring irrigation, salt leaching and alkali decreasing is difficult to support sustainable development of land and water resources in Southern Xinjiang. This study tries to adjust soil moisture and salt content regulation mode of massive water salt leaching and drip irrigation under mulch in the non-growing period of cotton field in Southern Xinjiang, explores interannual soil salinity change features of drip irrigation cotton field without winter and spring irrigation, and provides experimental basis for drip irrigation technology under mulch which can reduce and exempt cotton irrigation in winter and spring. According to ET0, the dual-factor complete combination experiment involving 3 irrigating water quotas (I1, I2, I3) and 2 irrigation times (T12, T16) was designed, and 6 treatments were involved in total(I1T12,I2T12,I3T12,I1T16,I2T16 and I3T16). The investigation results of four-year (2012–2015) field positioning experiment showed that, under the condition of “germination under drip irrigation” without winter and spring irrigation, increasing irrigation quota and irrigation times could lower 0-100cm soil salinity accumulation, but the soil salinity accumulation degree was 40-100cm, and less than 0-30cm. In the seedling stage, bud stage, blossom and boll-forming stage, and boll opening stage, the average salinity of 0-100cm soil increased by 39.81%, 31.91%, 26.85% and 29.47%, respectively. Increasing irrigation quota and irrigation times could ease interannual soil salinity accumulation degree of cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch, without winter and spring irrigation. 0-100cm soil salinity before sowing was related to the irrigation quota of cotton in the growing stage of the last year. The larger the irrigation quota was, the smaller the soil salinity before sowing would be. The accumulation amount of soil salinity at the end of growing stage under different treatments was lower than that before sowing. The drip irrigation of cotton under mulch in the growing stage could effectively regulate soil salinity distribution and space-time migration process in the growing stage of cotton. Compared with the beginning of 2012, 0-100cm average soil salinity under 3 irrigation quotas (I1, I2, I3) was 33.66%, 5.60% and 1.24%, respectively. Salt accumulating rates under 12 irrigations and 16 irrigations were 20.66% and 6.33%, respectively. The soil had the risk of salinization when the “germination under drip irrigation” without winter and spring irrigation was used. Such results can provide the reference for prevention and treatment of soil moisture and salt content of cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch in the arid region.
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Feibert, Erik B. G., Clinton C. Shock, and Lamont D. Saunders. "A Comparison of Onion Production Under Sprinkler, Subsurface Drip, and Furrow Irrigation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 839A—839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.839a.
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Onion yield and grade were compared under sprinkler, subsurface drip, and furrow irrigation in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Furrow-irrigated onions were planted on two double rows on 1.12-m-wide beds at 352,000 seeds/ha. Sprinkler- and drip-irrigated onions were planted in nine single rows on a 2.24-m-wide bed at 432,100 seeds/acre. Drip plots had three drip lines buried 0.10 m deep in each 2.24-m bed. Soil water potential at 0.2-m depth was measured by tensiometers and granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.). Furrow irrigations were started when the soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth reached –25 kPa. Drip-irrigated onions had soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth kept wetter than –25 kPa by daily replacement of crop evapotranspiration (Etc). Sprinkler irrigations were started when the accumulated Etc reached 25 mm. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993 and 1994. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993. Drip irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation every year. Drip irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1992 and 1994. Marketable onion yield was reduced in 1993 due to rot during storage.
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Seifzadeh, Ali Reza, Mohammad Reza Khaledian, Mohsen Zavareh, Parisha Shahinrokhsar, and Christos A. Damalas. "European Borage (Borago officinalis L.) Yield and Profitability under Different Irrigation Systems." Agriculture 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040136.
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European borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a cultivated medicinal plant in Iran, but common agronomic practices about profitable cultivation are mostly unknown. A 2-yr field experiment (2013 and 2014) was conducted in Guilan Province of northern Iran to evaluate European borage yield and profitability under irrigation with surface and drip irrigation systems. Treatments included (i) rainfed production (I0, control), (ii) single irrigation (I1) applied with surface irrigation alone and drip irrigation alone, and (iii) two irrigations (I2) applied with surface irrigation alone and drip irrigation alone. In 2013, I1 increased flower dry weight by 41.0% and seed weight by 7.1% compared with rainfed European borage, while with I2, the increases in those traits were 23.4% and 0.6%, respectively. In 2014, I1 increased flower dry weight by 78.0% and seed weight by 21.3% compared with rainfed European borage, while the respective increases were 51.8% and 17.3% with I2. On average, drip irrigation provided higher flower dry weight and seed weight by 39.3% and 12.6%, respectively, compared with surface irrigation. Drip irrigation increased variable costs by 165.2% compared with surface irrigation but resulted in increased gross income by 23.2%. Partial budgeting showed that I1 with drip irrigation provided the maximum net profit in both years. Based on the final rate of return, investing in the treatment I1 with drip irrigation was better than investing in the other treatments. Moreover, I1 with drip irrigation showed the highest value of economic water productivity and could be considered for improving the net income of European borage farmers.
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Walker, Wynn R. "Drip irrigation manual." Agricultural Water Management 12, no. 1-2 (October 1986): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(86)90018-1.
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Sahu, Sushma, D. K. Surywanshi, M. A. Khan, and Bhedu Prasad Sahu. "Knowledge level of drip irrigation farmers about drip irrigation technology." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 15, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/311-314.
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The present study was carried out during 2013 in the Durg district of Chhattisgarh state. This study was conducted in randomly selected 8 villages of two purposively selected blocks i.e. Durg and Dhamdha located in Durg district. The aim of this study was to assess the risk orientation and level of knowledge of drip irrigation farmers about drip irrigation technology. A total of 128 respondents including 64 drip irrigation farmers and 64 non-drip irrigation farmers were selected randomly. The data collection was done by the use of interview schedule through personal interview. Data were analyzed with help of suitable statistical tools. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents had high risk bearing capability and having high level of knowledge about equipments fitted in DIS. Majority of the DIF were having high level of knowledge regarding drip irrigation technology.
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Bell, A. A., L. Liu, B. Reidy, R. M. Davis, and K. V. Subbarao. "Mechanisms of Subsurface Drip Irrigation-Mediated Suppression of Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia minor." Phytopathology® 88, no. 3 (March 1998): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.3.252.
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Subsurface drip irrigation and associated mandatory minimum tillage practices significantly reduced the incidence of lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor) and the severity of corky root on lettuce compared with furrow irrigation and conventional tillage. Three possible mechanisms for the drip irrigation-mediated disease suppression were examined in this study: qualitative and quantitative differences in the soil microflora under furrow and subsurface drip irrigation; their antagonism and potential bio-control effects on S. minor; and the physical distribution of soil moisture and temperature relative to the two irrigation methods. To determine if the suppressive effects under subsurface drip irrigation were related to changes in soil microflora, soils were assayed for actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi during the spring and fall seasons. The effects of the irrigation methods on microbial populations were nearly identical during both seasons. In the spring season, the total number of fungal colonies recovered on potato dextrose agar amended with rose Bengal generally was greater in soils under drip irrigation than under furrow irrigation, but no such differences were observed during the fall. Numbers of actinomycetes and bacteria were not significantly different between irrigation methods during either season. No interaction between sampling time and irrigation methods was observed for any of the microbial populations during both seasons. Thus, the significant effect of sampling time observed for actinomycete and bacterial populations during the spring was most likely not caused by the irrigation treatments. There were also no qualitative differences in the three groups of soil microflora between the irrigation treatments. Even though some fungal, actinomycete, and bacterial isolates suppressed mycelial growth of S. minor in in vitro assays, the isolates came from both subsurface drip- and furrow-irrigated soils. In in planta assays, selected isolates failed to reduce the incidence of drop in lettuce plants. The soil moisture under subsurface drip irrigation was significantly lower at all depths and distances from the bed center after an irrigation event than under furrow irrigation. The soil temperature, in contrast, was significantly higher at both 5 and 15 cm depths under drip irrigation than under furrow irrigation. The suppression of lettuce drop under subsurface drip irrigation compared with furrow irrigation is attributed to differential moisture and temperature effects rather than to changes in the soil microflora or their inhibitory effects on S. minor.
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Hanson, Blaine R., Donald M. May, and Larry J. Schwankl. "Effect of Irrigation Frequency on Subsurface Drip Irrigated Vegetables." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0115.
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The effect on crop yield of drip-irrigation frequencies of two irrigations per day (2/d), one irrigation per day (1/d), two irrigations per week (2/week), and one irrigation per week (1/week) was investigated for lettuce (Lactuca sativa), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and onion (Allium cepa) grown on sandy loam and processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown on silt loam during experiments conducted during 1994 to 1997. All treatments of a particular crop received the same amount of irrigation water per week. Results showed that the 1/week frequency should be avoided for the shallow rooted crops in sandy soil. Irrigation frequency had little effect on yield of tomato, a relatively deep-rooted crop. These results suggest that drip irrigation frequencies of 1/d or 2/week are appropriate in medium to fine texture soils for the soil and climate of the project site. There was no yield benefit of multiple irrigations per day.
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Singh, O. P., and P. K. Singh. "Effects of drip and alternate furrow method of irrigation on cotton yield and physical water productivity: A case study from farmers’ field of Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2696.
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With the growing irrigation water scarcity, the researchers and policymakers are more concerned to improve the irrigation water use efficiency at farmers’ field level. The water-saving technologies provide greater control over water delivery to the crop root zone and reduce the non-beneficial evaporation from the crop field. Water productivity is an important concept for measuring and comparing water use efficiency. The present study tried to estimate the irrigation water use and physical water productivity of cotton under alternate furrow and drip irrigation methods in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. Results suggest that crop yield and physical water productivity were higher for cotton irrigated by drip method than alternate furrow method during normal rainfall and drought year. The irrigation water use under the drip method of irrigation was lower as compared to the alternate furrow method. In the case of total water (effective rainfall + irrigation water) use, per hectare crop yield and physical water productivity were higher for the drip method of irrigation than the alternate furrow method of irrigating cotton crop during normal rainfall and drought year. In the case of total water use (effective rainfall + irrigation water), it was lower for drip irrigation than the alternate furrow method of irrigating cotton crop during normal rainfall year and drought year. While estimating total water (effective rainfall + irrigation water) use, it was assumed that there is no return flow of water from the cotton field in the study area under both irrigation methods.
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Verma, Ramesh, Snehil Dubey, Abhishek Singh, and Munish Kumar. "Surface Irrigation Vs Drip Irrigation Method." Agrica 10, no. 1 (2021): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-448x.2021.00010.9.
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Pal, Payel, Sanmay Kumar Patra, and Ratneswar Ray. "Deficit Irrigation-Nutrient Coupling on Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Indian Jujube." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2222.
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Sustainability of quality fruit production in Indian jujube is adversely affected by improper irrigation and nutrient management. A field study comprising of four irrigation levels (drip irrigation at 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 of pan evaporation (E0) and surface irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE with 50 mm depth) and three nutrient levels (100% RDF, 75% RDF+25% RDF as vermicompost and 50% RDF+50% RDF as vermicompost) was conducted during 2018-19 (11 months) on jujube plant. Results showed that tallest tree (3.72 m), greatest tree circumference (0.32 m), maximum fruits tree-1 (563), highest fruit weight (15.5 g) and fruit yield tree-1 (8.42 kg) were recorded with drip irrigation at 0.8 E0 with 100% RDF. Minimum growth, yield components and yield were found with drip irrigation at 0.4 E0 with 50% RDF+50% RDF as vermicompost. Seasonal ETa was 373.6, 409.4 and 446.4 mm for drip irrigation at 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 E0, respectively and 694 mm for surface irrigation. Maximum CWUE of 18.87 g tree-1 mm-1 was obtained with drip irrigation at 0.8 E0 with 100% RDF. About 55.7-75.5% water was saved by drip irrigations which could bring an additional area of 55.5-85.8% under drip irrigated jujube. Highest predicted yield of 9.02 kg tree-1 was accomplished with 278 mm irrigation water. This model approach could serve as a good guideline to yield potential decision in relation to limited irrigation water for jujube growers in the Indo-Gangetic plains or similar agro-climatic regions.
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Shukla, Ruchira, and Yogesh Chandrakant Dhande. "Marketing of Drip Irrigation In Jalgaon District." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 2, no. 3 (January 15, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/mar2013/1.
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Wu, B. M., and K. V. Subbarao. "Effects of Irrigation and Tillage on Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Sclerotinia minor Sclerotia and Lettuce Drop Incidence." Phytopathology® 93, no. 12 (December 2003): 1572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.12.1572.
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The temporal and spatial dynamics of Sclerotinia minor sclerotia and the resulting incidence of lettuce drop were studied under furrow irrigation with conventional tillage and subsurface-drip irrigation with minimum tillage during 1993–95. Lettuce crops were grown each year during the spring and fall seasons. All plants were inoculated immediately after thinning in the spring of 1993. Grids of 24 contiguous quadrats (1 by 1 m2) were demarcated in the centers of each 150-m2 plot. Lettuce drop incidence in each quadrat was evaluated each season prior to harvest. One soil sample (100 cm3) was collected from each quadrat at harvest and after tillage prior to planting of the next crop for both spring and fall crops and assayed for S. minor sclerotia using wet sieving. Lloyd's index of patchiness, the β-binomial distribution, and variance of moving window averages were used to evaluate the spatial patterns of sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence under the two irrigation systems and associated tillage treatments. Disease incidence remained significantly higher under furrow irrigation than under subsurface-drip irrigation throughout the study period, and was significantly higher on fall crops than on spring crops. Under furrow irrigation, the number of sclerotia at the end of a crop season increased significantly over that at the beginning of the season, but no significant changes were detected over years. In contrast, the number of sclerotia within a single season did not increase significantly under subsurface drip irrigation, nor was year-to-year accumulation of sclerotia statistically significant. The degree of aggregation of sclerotia increased significantly during a cropping season under furrow irrigation, but not under subsurface drip irrigation. The conventional tillage after harvest under furrow irrigation decreased the degree of aggregation of sclerotia after each season, but the distribution pattern of sclerotia under subsurface-drip irrigation changed little by the associated minimum tillage. Spatial pattern analyses suggested that the aggregation of S. minor sclerotia occurred at a scale of no more than 1 m, and distribution of diseased lettuce plants was random at a scale larger than 1 m. The combination of fewer sclerotia produced by each crop and its unaltered distribution under subsurface drip irrigation and associated minimum tillage makes it a valuable cultural practice for lettuce drop management.
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Domullodzhanov, Daler. "Drip irrigation technology for potatoes through applying low-pressure semistationary small-capacity." Melioration and Water Management, no. 6 (January 22, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2020-6-4-8.
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The article describes the results of field and laboratory experiments on the study of the technology of drip irrigation of potatoes via using the semi-stationary low-pressure small-capacity drip irrigation system (LDIS) developed by us. Reinforced aluminium micro-tubes ensure uniform watering. Depending on the annual precipitation sufficiency, the potatoes irrigation requirements 1700…3400 m3/ha, the number of irrigations varied from 10 to 20 times, and the yield was between 54…58,2 tons per ha.
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Haile, Abraham Mehari, Herman Depeweg, and Brigitta Stillhardt. "Smallholder Drip Irrigation Technology." Mountain Research and Development 23, no. 1 (February 2003): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2003)023[0027:sdit]2.0.co;2.
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Vybornov, V. V., and V. A. Zaitsev. "Drip irrigation of onions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 843, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/843/1/012064.
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Abstract From 2017 to 2020, research was conducted in the Volgograd region in order to improve the efficiency of water and mineral nutrition management of onions by justifying the calculated layer of soil moisture and agrotechnical methods of cultivation on light chestnut soils to obtain 110 t/ha of marketable products. The main objectives of the research include the rationale for the formation of the water regime of the soil and drip irrigation regimes depending on the wetted soil, the study of patterns of growth, development and yield formation of onion depending on the studied factors, economic and environmental assessment of drip irrigation technology, the quality of the bulbs, depending on the studied factors. The field experience included the following options: water regime of the soil (factor A), mineral nutrition regime (factor B), promising onion hybrids (factor C).The studies were carried out on onion crops C1 – Migros F1; C2 – Dragon F1 ; C3 - Dammica F1. Against the background of the introduction of N180P80K70, the Migros F1 hybrid provides an average of 94.3 t/ha of onions in 3 years of research, which is 16.6 t/ha more in comparison with the Dragon F1 onion; and 2.2 t/ha more in the Dammica F1 hybrid.
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Hmielowski, Tracy. "Drip Irrigation in Rice." CSA News 64, no. 1 (January 2019): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2019.64.0102.
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Qi, Xue Bin, Zong Dong Huang, Dong Mei Qiao, Ping Li, Zhi Juan Zhao, Tao Fan, Hai Qing Wu, et al. "Effect of New Irrigation Technology on the Physiology and Water Use Efficiency of Potato by Reclaimed Water Irrigation." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3035–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3035.
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Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. The agricultural sector continues to have a negative impact on the ecological status of the environment. The worlds interest in high quality food is increasing. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on physiological responses, yield and water use efficiency, Soil nitrogen, Root weight density of potato in the semi-humid region of middle China using subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment used second-stage treated wastewater with and without addition of chloride, and both subsurface drip and furrow irrigations were investigated. Results indicated that the alternate partial root-zone irrigation is a practicable water-saving strategy for potato. The drip with chlorinated and non-chlorinated water improved water use efficiency by 21.48% and 39.1%, respectively, and 44.1% in the furrow irrigation. Partial root zone drying irrigation stimulates potato root growth and enhances root density. The content of the heavy metal in the potato tubers is no more than the National Food Requirements, and it is consistent with National Food Hygiene Stands.
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Archana, HA, N. Asoka Raja, R. Mahesh, and R. Kalpana. "Effect of Low Cost Drip Tape Irrigation System on Yield and Economics of Sweet Corn." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 19, no. 2 (March 10, 2017): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v19i2.31855.
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A study was conducted to determine the effect of low cost drip tape irrigation system on yield and economics of sweet corn in comparison to conventional inline drip irrigation and surface irrigation systems during 2013-14 at Coimbatore, India. The treatment comprises of two drip irrigation systems with three irrigation levels viz., 75, 100 and 125% of pan evaporation (PE) from Class A Pan evaporimeter. Plant height, fresh cob length, girth, number of kernels per cob and single fresh cob weight and yield were higher at 125% PE in conventional in line drip irrigation system and it was statistically at par with drip irrigation at 125% PE in low cost drip tape irrigation system. Water saving was 36, 49 and 62% at 125, 100 and 75% PE, respectively under conventional in line drip irrigation system and drip tape irrigation system as against the surface irrigation. The cost of low cost drip tape system was 68% lower than the conventional inline drip system. The results of the research indicated that based on net income, B:C ratio and GM/TMV ratio, adoption of low cost drip tape irrigation system at 125% PE was found to be best for small and marginal farmers with substantial yield and income compared to conventional inline drip system.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 71-77
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Shock, Clinton C., Erik B. G. Feibert, and Lamont D. Saunders. "Onion Response to Drip Irrigation Intensity and Emitter Flow Rate." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0652.
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Although an irrigation onset criterion for drip-irrigated onion (Allium cepa) has been determined, the optimal irrigation intensity has not been examined. Some authors have argued that very high irrigation frequencies with low amounts of water are needed to maximize crop responses. Long-day, sweet Spanish onions were grown on 44-inch beds with two double rows spaced 1.8 ft apart and a drip tape buried 4 inches deep in the bed center. Onions were submitted to eight treatments as a combination of four irrigation intensities (1/16, 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 inch of water per irrigation) and two drip tape emitter flow rates (0.5 and 0.25 L·h–1) on silt loam in 2002 and 2003. The 1/16-, 1/8-, 1/4-, and 1/2-inch irrigation intensities had irrigations scheduled up to eight times, four times, twice, or once per day, respectively, to replenish soil water potential to –20 cbar as needed. Each plot was independently and automatically irrigated if the soil water potential at 8-inch depth was equal to or lower than –20 cbar. This resulted in an average of 564, 269, 121, and 60 irrigations over 107 days for the 1/16-, 1/8-, 1/4-, and 1/2-inch irrigation intensities, respectively. Onions were harvested, stored, and evaluated for yield and grade after 75 days of storage. Averaged over irrigation intensities, the drip tape with 0.5 L·h–1 emitters had significantly higher total yield, marketable yield, and colossal onion yield than the tape with 0.25 L·h–1 emitters. Averaged over emitter type, the 1/2-inch irrigation intensity had higher total and marketable onion yields than the 1/16- and 1/8-inch intensities. Averaged over emitter type, the 1/2-inch irrigation intensity resulted in the highest super colossal and colossal onion yield. Onions grown with an irrigation intensity of 1/2 inch and drip tape with emitter flow rate of 0.5 L·h–1 produced total yields of 50.0 ton/acre, marketable yields of 48.8 ton/acre, super colossal yield of 1.05 ton/acre, and colossal yield of 13.9 ton/acre. Interactions between irrigation intensities and emitter flow rates were nonsignificant for the number of irrigations, water applied, average soil water potential, or onion yield and grade. There was no significant difference in average soil water potential between treatments. There was no significant difference in total water applied plus precipitation between treatments, with, on average, 32.3 and 31.1 inches applied in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Onion evapotranspiration from emergence to onion lifting totaled 34.6 and 37.3 inches in 2002 and 2003, respectively.
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Tian, Huiwen, Liyuan Bo, Xiaomin Mao, Xinyu Liu, Yan Wang, and Qingyang Hu. "Modelling Soil Water, Salt and Heat Dynamics under Partially Mulched Conditions with Drip Irrigation, Using HYDRUS-2D." Water 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182791.
Full textAbstract:
Drip irrigation under mulch is a widely used technique in the arid region of northwest China. The partially mulched soil and the bare strips between mulched areas may complicate the migration of water, salt, and heat in soils, and cause lateral salt accumulation on bare soil surfaces. For investigating hydrothermal dynamics and salt distribution patterns under such circumstances, tank experiments with drip irrigation under plastic film on partially mulched soil were conducted under two intensities of drip irrigation (i.e., low (W1) and high (W2)) with the same total irrigation amount. The spatial distributions of soil water, temperature, and electrical conductivity were monitored accordingly. The two-dimensional (2D) model of soil water, salt, and heat transport under drip irrigation and partially mulched soil conditions was established using HYDRUS-2D, and kinetic adsorption during salt migration was considered. The results of the experiments showed that the uneven distribution of the hydrothermal state led to the accumulation of salt on the un-mulched soil surface. Water migrated from where the dripper was located, and heat accumulated mainly in the mulched soil. HYDRUS-2D matched reasonably well with the observed data, with an R2 higher than 0.54. Under the partially mulched conditions, lower intensity of drip irrigation (W1) show higher desalination efficiency in root zones, with less even lateral salt distribution. Scenario simulations further demonstrated that a larger total irrigation amount would result in a larger desalination zone, and drip irrigations with appropriate incremental intensity could improve salt leaching in the root zone with increased lateral migration of water.
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Subbarao, K. V., J. C. Hubbard, and K. F. Schulbach. "Comparison of Lettuce Diseases and Yield Under Subsurface Drip and Furrow Irrigation." Phytopathology® 87, no. 8 (August 1997): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.8.877.
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Subsurface drip and furrow irrigation were compared on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cvs. Salinas and Misty Day for yield and incidence and severity of three important diseases of lettuce in the Salinas Valley, CA. Experiments were conducted between 1993 and 1995 during the spring and fall seasons. The diseases examined included lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor), downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), and corky root (Rhizomonas suberifaciens). Replicated plots of subsurface drip and furrow irrigation were arranged in a randomized complete-block design. All plants were inoculated with S. minor at the initiation of the experiment during the 1993 spring season. Plots were not inoculated for downy mildew and corky root during any season nor were the plots reinoculated with S. minor. During each season, all plots were sprinkler irrigated until thinning, and subsequently, the irrigation treatments were begun. The furrow plots were irrigated once per week, and the drip plots received water twice per week. The distribution of soil moisture at two soil depths (0 to 5 and 6 to 15 cm) at 5, 10, and 15 cm distance on either side of the bed center in two diagonal directions was significantly lower in drip-irrigated compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Plots were evaluated for lettuce drop incidence and downy mildew incidence and severity at weekly intervals until harvest. Corky root severity and yield components were determined at maturity. Lettuce drop incidence and corky root severity were significantly lower and yields were higher in plots under subsurface drip irrigation compared with furrow irrigation, regardless of the cultivar, except during the 1994 fall season. Incidence and severity of downy mildew were not significantly different between the two irrigation methods throughout the study. The differential microclimates created by the two irrigation treatments did not affect downy mildew infection, presumably because the mesoclimate is usually favorable in the Salinas Valley. Subsurface drip irrigation is a viable, long-term strategy for soilborne disease management in lettuce in the Salinas Valley.
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Ali, AHMZ, SU Ahmed, MM Rahman, and MK Rahman. "Assessment of drip and flood irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.)." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 25, 2013): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v22i1.46273.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment was conducted in wooden boxes to assess flood, surface and sub-surface drip irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.). Four levels of irrigation treatments were applied: (i) SD1 = Drip irrigation pipe was set up on the surface of the soil ; (ii) SSD2 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 5 cm depth; (iii) SSD3 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 7.5 cm depth and (iv) FI = Flood irrigation was practiced without any drip irrigation pipe. Leaf area, leaf area index and biomass production of maize were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SSD3 than SSD2 and FI treatments. Biomass production was 37.2, 41.1, 54.2 and 35.2 g in SD1, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in surface and sub-surface drip irrigation than flood irrigation. Values for WUEs were 0.248, 0.298, 0.430 and 0.156 kg/m3 in SD1, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively. As a result, all three drip irrigation treatments enhanced water use efficiencies than flood irrigation. Comparing the three drip irrigation treatments, significantly (p < 0.05) higher nitrogen was found both in leaf and stem (3.3 and 3.8%) in sub-surface drip irrigation at 7.5 cm depth than flood irrigation (2.2 and 1.4%). Although, potassium contents in leaf and stem were not significantly different between the treatments, but had a tendency to be higher in drip irrigation treatments. Above all, drip irrigation performed better with higher water use efficiency.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(1): 47-54, 2013 (January)
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Evett, Steven R., Gary W. Marek, Paul D. Colaizzi, Brice B. Ruthardt, and Karen S. Copeland. "A Subsurface Drip Irrigation System for Weighing Lysimetry." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 1 (2018): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12597.
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Abstract. Large, precision weighing lysimeters can have accuracies as good as 0.04 mm equivalent depth of water, adequate for hourly and even half-hourly determinations of evapotranspiration (ET) rate from crops. Such data are important for testing and improving simulation models of the complex interactions of surface water and energy balances, soil physics, plant growth, and biophysics that determine crop ET in response to rapid microclimate dynamics. When crops are irrigated with sprinkler systems or other rapid additions of water, the irrigation event is typically short enough that not much ET data are compromised by the lysimeter mass change due to irrigation. In contrast, subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems may take many hours to apply an irrigation, during which time the lysimeter mass change is affected by both ET rate and irrigation application rate. Given that irrigation application rate can be affected by pressure dynamics of the irrigation system, emitter clogging and water viscosity changes with temperature over several-hour periods, it can be difficult to impossible to separate the ET signal from the interference of the irrigation application. The inaccuracies in the data can be important, particularly for comparisons of sprinkler and SDI systems, since they are of the order of 8 to 10% of daily ET. We developed an SDI irrigation system to apply irrigations of up to 50 mm to large weighing lysimeters while limiting the period of lysimeter mass change due to irrigation delivery to approximately ten minutes by storing the water needed for irrigation in tanks suspended from the lysimeter weighing system. The system applied water at the same rate as the SDI system in the surrounding field, allowed irrigation over periods of any duration, but often exceeding 12 h, without directly affecting lysimeter mass change and the accuracy of ET rate determinations, and allowed irrigation overnight without compromising lysimeter daily ET measurements. Errors in lysimeter ET measurements using the previous SDI system, which was directly connected to the field irrigation system, were up to 10% of daily ET compared with negligible error using the new system. Errors using the previous, directly connected, SDI system varied over time due to variable system pressure, and possibly due to water temperature (viscosity) changes and emitter clogging. With the new system, all of the water transferred to the lysimeter weighing system was eventually applied by the SDI system regardless of temperature, pressure, or emitter clogging. Differences between planned and applied irrigation depth were less than 2% over the irrigation season. Keywords: Evapotranspiration, ET, Subsurface drip irrigation, SDI, Weighing lysimeter.
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Xiang, Yi. "Automatic Grip Irrigation Control System Based on Sensors." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 9 (September 30, 2022): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v9i.1862.
Full textAbstract:
Drip irrigation are a certain type of irrigation that gives low-pressure water to soil and plants using plastic tubes placed beside or in the plants’ roots. It is a substitution of sprinklers or other types of furrowing methods of irrigating plants, which can be used to control the moister and processed by sensors. Sensors and sensors can be used to help the progression of the grip irrigation system. It shall be the coming future of the agriculture in both of small scale and large scale for it can obviously save water and labor in an obvious extent. A drip irrigation is a low-pressure, low-volume lawn and garden watering system that delivers water to home landscapes using a drip, spray or stream. It keeps roots moist, but not soaked, all while using less water than other irrigation techniques. In this study, the designed drip irrigation control system is based on the use of variety of sensors: wind sensor, soil moister sensor and rain sensor. After getting a correct database, we can use the control system based on sensors to make the pouring of water in an automatic way which can obviously decline the amount of water waste in the irrigation procession.
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Petrova - Branicheva, Vesela. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES ON IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND PRODUCTION OF ONION." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, ICTTE 2019 (2019): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2019.07.067.
Full textAbstract:
Fields studies were conducted in 2014-2015 on the territory of the experimental field Chelopechene to IPAZR "N. Poushkarov" on leached cinnamon forest soil. They were examined variants with different irrigation technologies in an optimal and reduced irrigation regime of onion: V1 - mikrosprinkler irrigation equipment - 100% irrigation rate; V2 - subsurface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate, V3 - subsurface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V4 - surface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate; V5 - surface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V6 - non-irrigated option. Reduction the irrigation rates by 50% at surface and subsurface irrigated results in a reduction in yield by 23 and 7%, and can be used when have water deficit.
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Sutton, Kipp F., W. Thomas Lanini, Jefferey P. Mitchell, Eugene M. Miyao, and Anil Shrestha. "Weed Control, Yield, and Quality of Processing Tomato Production under Different Irrigation, Tillage, and Herbicide Systems." Weed Technology 20, no. 4 (December 2006): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-057.1.
Full textAbstract:
A field experiment was conducted near Davis, CA, during the 2003 and 2004 summer growing seasons to compare weed control, yield, and fruit quality in different irrigation and tillage systems in processing tomato. Trial design was a subplots with the main plots as subsurface drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, subplots were standard tillage or conservation tillage, and sub-subplots were herbicide or no herbicide. The hypothesis was that subsurface drip irrigation could limit surface soil wetting and thus inhibit germination and growth of weeds equal to or better than standard tillage and/or herbicides. In both 2003 and 2004, weed densities in the subsurface drip irrigation treatments were over 98% lower than the levels in furrow irrigation treatments. In addition, weed densities were lower in the subsurface drip–conservation till–no herbicide treatment than in any of the furrow irrigation treatments, including the furrow irrigation–standard tillage–herbicide treatments. The time required for a hand-hoeing crew to remove weeds was 5 to 13 times greater in furrow irrigation treatments compared to subsurface drip irrigation treatments. Weed biomass on beds at tomato harvest was 10 to 14 times greater in the furrow systems as compared to the subsurface drip irrigation systems. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of subsurface drip irrigation in controlling weed germination and growth, compared to tillage or herbicide applications. Tomato yield was higher in the subsurface drip irrigation treatment compared to furrow irrigation in 2004. Herbicide treatment increased yield in 2004, but only in the furrow irrigation treatment in 2003. Fruit brix level was not related to treatment in 2003, but was lower in the subsurface drip irrigation plots in 2004. These results indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can reduce weed competition in conservation tillage systems, without requiring herbicide applications.
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Shaglouf, Mohamed M., Mostafa A. Benzaghta, Hassin AL. Makhlof, and Moftah A. Abusta. "Scheduling Drip Irrigation for Agricultural Crops using Intelligent Irrigation System." Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences, no. 01 (October 6, 2019): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.19.
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The expansion of agriculture to provide the necessary food is related to the availability of water, but the limited availability of irrigation requires research on techniques to reduce water losses. This paper presents an application of a prototype design of microcontroller based on an intelligent irrigation system which will allow irrigation to take place in the areas. This method can be applied to the system of drip irrigation and its impact on the quantities of water used in irrigation as its application is part of the solution to the problem of water shortage suffered by Libya in addition to reducing the amount of water wasted while irrigating crops. In this study, a network of smart irrigation system was designed for a 5-hectare farm in AL-Sawawa area, located to the east, at about 20 km from Sirte city. The farm was divided into two parts, a vegetable crops section with an area of 3ha and the other section of 2 ha for olive trees. The intelligent irrigation system senses the moisture content of the soil and the temperature of the air through the sensors and turns on or off the water pumps using the relays to carry out this procedure. The main advantage of using this irrigation system is to minimize human intervention and ensure proper irrigation. The microcontroller serves as the main unit of the entire irrigation system, Photovoltaic cells are used to provide solar energy as an energy supply for the whole system. The system is controlled by the microcontroller; it obtains data from the sensors, it compares the data as pre-programmed, and the output signals activate the relays to operate the pumps to start the irrigation process.
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Jin, Xiaohui, Minjian Chen, Yumiao Fan, Long Yan, and Fang Wang. "Effects of Mulched Drip Irrigation on Soil Moisture and Groundwater Recharge in the Xiliao River Plain, China." Water 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121755.
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Mulched drip irrigation for maize cultivation has been widely implemented in the Xiliao River Plain in Northeast China in recent years. However, the effects of the change in irrigation method on soil water content and groundwater recharge in this area still remains uncertain. In this study, soil water content under mulched drip irrigation and flood irrigation was measured through field experiments. Soil water movement in the entire growing season under the two irrigation methods was simulated for the quantitative analysis of groundwater recharge by the Hydrus-2D model. Results showed that soil water content under mulched drip irrigation was generally larger than that of flood irrigation in the initial growth stage. However, an opposite trend was observed in the main growth stage. The simulated results indicated that the cumulative water fluxes of flood irrigation were greater than the values of mulched drip irrigation. Moreover, while infiltration depth under flood irrigation reached the maximum simulated depth (400 cm), infiltration depth under mulched drip irrigation was only 325 cm. The results of this study showed that mulched drip irrigation reduced the infiltration depth and groundwater recharge to some extent in the Xiliao River Plain. Such results are helpful in determining the influence of mulched drip irrigation on groundwater and can be a reference for the maintenance of the sustainability of regional groundwater in the large-scale promotion of mulched drip irrigation.
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Shock, Clinton C., Erik B. G. Feibert, and Lamont D. Saunders. "Irrigation Criteria for Drip-irrigated Onions." HortScience 35, no. 1 (February 2000): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.1.63.
Full textAbstract:
Long-day onion (Allium cepa L. `Vision') was subjected to five soil water potential (SWP) treatments (–10, –20, –30, –50, and –70 kPa) using subsurface drip irrigation in 1997 and 1998. Onions were grown on 1.1-m beds with two double rows spaced 0.56 m apart and a drip tape buried 13 cm deep in the bed center. Soil water potential was maintained at the five levels by automated, high-frequency irrigations based on SWP measurements at 0.2-m depth. Onions were evaluated for yield and grade after 70 days of storage. In 1997, total and colossal (bulb diameter ≥102 mm) yield increased with increasing SWP, but marketable yield was highest at a calculated –21 kPa because of greater decomposition in storage in wetter treatments. In 1998 total, marketable, and colossal-grade onion yield increased with increasing SWP. Onion profits were highest with a calculated SWP of –17 kPa in 1997, and at the wettest level tested in 1998. Storage decomposition was not affected by SWP in 1998. Maintenance of SWP at –10 and –20 kPa required, respectively, 912 and 691 mm of water in 1997 and 935 and 589 mm of water in 1998. Onion crop evapotranspiration from emergence to the last irrigation totaled 681 mm in 1997 and 716 mm in 1998.
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Phene, C. J., R. B. Hutmacher, and K. R. Davis. "Two Hundred Tons Per Hectare of Processing Tomatoes—Can We Reach It?" HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.16.
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Processing tomato is an important crop in California, where ≈ 100,000 ha is grown annually. In the past, processing tomatoes have been irrigated mostly by sprinkler and furrow irrigation, although several tests have been conducted with drip irrigation, and a few growers are using subsurface drip irrigation. Yields of tomato have been shown to be sensitive to water management when the amount of irrigation water closely matches plant water use. Tomatoes have been identified as susceptible to drought stress and waterlogging at both ends of the furrow irrigation cycle. Subsurface drip irrigation is a relatively new method in which drip irrigation laterals are buried permanently 20 to 60 cm below the soil surface. This method has provided the control and uniformity of water and fertilizer distribution necessary to maximize the yield of processing tomatoes. A computerized control system maintains nearly constant soil water and nutrient concentration in the root zone by irrigating and fertilizing frequently, thus avoiding small water and nutrient stresses, especially during the critical period between first and peak bloom. During the maturation and ripening stage, irrigation and nutrient concentrations can be adjusted to increase soluble solids and to adjust the maturation rate to coincide with the harvest schedule. Maximum yield levels can be obtained when nearly all the fertilizers (N, P, and K) are injected precisely in time and space through the drip irrigation system to meet the crop nutrient requirement. Water-use efficiency (WUE), defined as the ratio of yield: unit of water used by the plant, can be maximized by using this precise irrigation and fertilization technique. Yields >200 t·ha-1 of red tomatoes were achieved in large field plot research, and commercial yields of 150 t·ha-1 were achieved in large-scale field applications with a lesser degree of control. Therefore, we predict that with further fine-tuning, commercial yields of 200 tons of processing tomatoes/ha could be achieved using a subsurface drip irrigation system with accurate water and fertility management.
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Hochmuth, George. "Current Status of Drip Irrigation for Vegetables in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States." HortTechnology 4, no. 4 (October 1994): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.4.390.
Full textAbstract:
Responses to a 1993 survey showed that drip irrigation was used on 36,400 ha of commercial vegetables in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. Florida led with 44% of total drip-irrigated vegetable area, followed by Georgia, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania, with about 10% each. Drip irrigation was used most commonly on tomato, pepper, and watermelon crops. The most-important benefits of drip irrigation were improved water and fertilizer delivery efficiencies compared to other irrigation systems, such as overhead sprinklers and subirrigation. Challenges with drip irrigation included high installation cost, emitter clogging problems, need for filtration, overirrigation problems, disposal of tubing, and lack of readily available expertise. Most drip irrigation was used with polyethylene mulch and most tubing was thin-wall disposable rather than thick-wall reusable. Eighty-one percent of the drip-irrigated vegetable acreage was fertigated with N and K. Survey responses indicated that drip irrigation use for vegetables is increasing.
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Montazar, Ali, Michael Cahn, and Alexander Putman. "Research Advances in Adopting Drip Irrigation for California Organic Spinach: Preliminary Findings." Agriculture 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9080177.
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The main objective of this study was to explore the viability of drip irrigation for organic spinach production and the management of spinach downy mildew disease in California. The experiment was conducted over two crop seasons at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center located in the low desert of California. Various combinations of dripline spacings and installation depths were assessed and compared with sprinkler irrigation as control treatment. Comprehensive data collection was carried out to fully understand the differences between the irrigation treatments. Statistical analysis indicated very strong evidence for an overall effect of the irrigation system on spinach fresh yields, while the number of driplines in bed had a significant impact on the shoot biomass yield. The developed canopy crop curves revealed that the leaf density of drip irrigation treatments was slightly behind (1–4 days, depending on the irrigation treatment and crop season) that of the sprinkler irrigation treatment in time. The results also demonstrated an overall effect of irrigation treatment on downy mildew, in which downy mildew incidence was lower in plots irrigated by drips following emergence when compared to the sprinkler. The study concluded that drip irrigation has the potential to be used to produce organic spinach, conserve water, enhance the efficiency of water use, and manage downy mildew, but further work is required to optimize system design, irrigation, and nitrogen management practices, as well as strategies to maintain productivity and economic viability of utilizing drip irrigation for spinach.
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Oukaira, Aziz, Amrou Zyad Benelhaouare, Emmanuel Kengne, and Ahmed Lakhssassi. "FPGA-Embedded Smart Monitoring System for Irrigation Decisions Based on Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensors." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091881.
Full textAbstract:
The basic need common to all living beings is water. Less than 1% of the water on earth is fresh water and water use is increasing daily. Agricultural practices alone require huge amounts of water. The drip technique improved the efficiency of water use in irrigation and initiated the introduction and development of fertigation, the integrated distribution of water and fertilizer. The past few decades have seen extensive research being carried out in the area of development and evaluation of different technologies available to estimate/measure soil moisture to aid in various applications and to facilitate the use of drip irrigation for users and farmers. In this technology, plant moisture and temperature are accurately monitored and controlled in real time over roots in the form of droplets, by developing smart monitoring system to save water and avoid water waste using drip irrigation technology. Water is delivered to the roots drop by drop, which saves water as well as prevents plants from being flooded and decaying due to excess water released by irrigation methods such as flood irrigation, border irrigation, furrow irrigation, and control basin irrigation. Drip irrigation with an embedded intelligent monitoring system is one of the most valuable techniques used to save water and farmers’ time and energy. In this paper, we design an embedded monitoring system based in the integrated 65 nm CMOS technology in agricultural practices which would facilitate agriculture and enable farmers to monitor crops. Hence, to demonstrate the feasibility, a prototype was constructed and simulated with modelsim and validated with nclaunch the both tools from Cadence, as well as implementation on the FPGA board, was be performed.
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Bogle, C. R., and T. K. Hartz. "Comparison of Drip and Furrow Irrigation for Muskmelon Production." HortScience 21, no. 2 (April 1986): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.2.242.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Drip and furrow irrigation of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Perlita’) were compared in 1983 in Weslaco, Texas. Drip irrigation at 40% or 20% available soil water depletion (SWD) in the surface 30 cm of soil required 25% and 42%, respectively, of the irrigation water volume required by furrow irrigation at 40% SWD. There was a trend toward earliness and increased total and marketable yields with drip irrigation. Neither fruit size distribution nor cull percentage was affected by irrigation method. In 1984, drip irrigation at 20%, 40%, or 60% SWD showed increased muskmelon yield with increased water application. Drip irrigation regime did not influence earliness, fruit size distribution, or soluble solids content. Highest water use efficiency, 181 kg marketable fruit·ha−1·mm−1 total water (irrigation + rainfall), was recorded in the 40% SWD treatment.
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Hartz, T. K. "Drip-irrigation Scheduling for Fresh-market Tomato Production." HortScience 28, no. 1 (January 1993): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.1.35.
Full textAbstract:
Drip-irrigation scheduling techniques for fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production were compared in three growing seasons (1989-91). Three regimes were evaluated: EPK [reference evapotranspiration (ETo, corrected Penman) × programmed crop coefficients], ECC (ET0 × a crop coefficient based on estimated percent canopy coverage), and SMD (irrigation at 20% available soil moisture depletion). EPK coefficients ranged from 0.2 (crop establishment) to 1.1 (full canopy development). Percent canopy coverage was estimated from average canopy width ÷ row width. Irrigation in the SMD treatment was initiated at -24 kPa soil matric tension, with recharge limited to 80% of daily ET0. The EPK and ECC regimes gave similar fresh fruit yields and size distributions in all years. With the EPK scheduling technique, there was no difference in crop response between daily irrigation and irrigation three times per week. In all seasons, ECC scheduling resulted in less total water applied than EPK scheduling and averaged 76% of seasonal ET0 vs. 86% for EPK. Irrigating at 20% SMD required an average of only 64% of seasonal ET0; marketable yield was equal to the other scheduling techniques in 1989 and 1991, but showed a modest yield reduction in 1990. Using an SMD regime to schedule early season irrigation and an ECC system to guide application from mid-season to harvest may be the most appropriate approach for maximizing water-use efficiency and crop productivity.
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NeSmith, D. Scott. "DRIP-IRRIGATION RATES FOR MUSCADINES." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 892d—892. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.892d.
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During 1997 through 1999 mature `Southland' muscadine grapes were grown in Griffin, Ga., with different rates of daily irrigation. Irrigation rates were 0, 15, 22.5, and 30 L·d–1 (LPD), supplied to individual plants through 2 emitters. In 1997, substantial water deficit occurred during August, in 1998 during May and June, and in 1999 during July and August. The greatest yield response to irrigation was observed during 1998. No significant response to irrigation was observed during 1999, even though soil water was greatly depleted in the upper 30 cm late in the season for control plants. The 3-year average response of total yield indicated a significant response to irrigation, with the greatest yield occurring at the 22.5 LPD rate. Together these data suggest that muscadine grapes respond to irrigation, especially when water deficits during the early to mid season are prevalent. With single trellis vines, 22.5 LPD should provide adequate water in warm, humid regions similar to the southeastern U.S.
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Suresh Kumar, D., and K. Palanisami. "Can drip irrigation technology be socially beneficial? Evidence from Southern India." Water Policy 13, no. 4 (November 29, 2010): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.311.
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Drip irrigation has received considerable attention from policy makers because of its significant contribution towards resource saving, enhanced agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. This paper explores the potential benefits of drip irrigation adoption by addressing the social benefits and costs in Southern India. The study shows that adoption of drip irrigation technology has resulted in significant external and private benefits. The social benefit–cost ratio (SBCR) ranged from 4.33 to 5.19 at a 2% discount rate under different scenarios across regions. This confirms that a wide adoption of drip irrigation produces sufficient social benefits to justify the subsidization of drip irrigation. Water management policy should focus attention on the promotion of drip irrigation in regions where water and labour scarcity are critical.
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Kasymbekov, R. A., B. Sh Aytuganov, and S. Zh Akmatova. "PUMP-AND-FILTRATION PLANT FOR DRIP IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 8 (2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-202-08-97-102.
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The increasing shortage of irrigation water for irrigating crops requires the use of modern water-saving technolo-gies. Drip irrigation technology is the most optimal of them. Despite the demand for modern production, this technology is not yet widely used; the reason for which is the lack of technical means. In order to develop a technical means -pump-and-filtration plant for drip irrigation technology, the literature on adapting drip irrigation technology to certain countries was studied. The inventions were studied and the disadvantages characteristic of the existing devices de-signed for filtration of irrigation water wereidentified. Based on the analysis of these plants, a design of a mobile pump-and-filtration plant was proposed. The plant is transporta-ble, simple and reliable in operation, independent of the electricity source for driving the pump, and also combining high-quality three-stage cleaning of irrigation water: from sand and coarse particles through a hydrocyclone due to centrifugal force; cleaning small particles through a mesh filter and fine cleaning using a filter element. The design of the plant provides for the possibility of cleaning the filter element without interrupting the operation of the plant itself by separately disconnecting the fine filters using butterfly valves. The proposed plant enables agricultural producers, together with irrigation, to feed plants with mineral fertilizers required for their growth. The presence of a simple plant consisting of a butterfly valve, pipes and a system of valves allows adjusting the rate of fertilizer consumption and the frequency of its supply. The plant is easy to manufacture and efficient to use.
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Andrian, Andrian, Rahidin H. Anang, and Rahmat Kurniawan. "UPAYA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI IRIGASI TETES (DRIP IRRIGATION) KABUPATEN BANYUASIN (STUDI KASUS KELOMPOK TANI RUKUN MAKMUR DESA BUDI MULYA KECAMATAN AIR KUMBANG) Agricultural Development Effort in Irrigation Technology Implementation (Drip Irrigation) Banyuasin District (Case Study of Rukun Makmur farmer Group Budi Mulya Village Air Kumbang Regency)." Societa: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 6, no. 2 (March 4, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jsct.v6i2.821.
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The purpose of this research is to know Agricultural counselor effort to convince farmer group in applying drip irrigation technology in Regency of Banyuasin And the obstacles of farmer in applying drip irrigation technology in Regency of Banyuasin. This research was conducted in the Budi Mulya Village of the district Air Kumbang Banyuasin Regency. In March until May 2017. The research method used is case study method. The sampling method that used in this research are purposive sampling and systematic sampling. Data methods of collection used in this study are observation and interviews directly to the respondents who have been determined using the tools of quisionary aids that have been prepared previously and documentation and secondary data. Data processing is done using descriptive-qualitative method. The results of the study showed that the efforts of Agricultural counselor in applying drip irrigation technology include: drip irrigation technology socialization, selection of extension method, the procedures for the use of drip irrigation, the application of drip irrigation. And obstacles faced by farmers in the process of applying drip irrigation technology is a problem: capital for the purchase of equipment for drip irrigation such as drip hoses and Water source caused the dry season farmers getting difficulty water supply to watering and fertilizing plants.
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Li, Zhaoyang, Rui Zong, Tianyu Wang, Zhenhua Wang, and Jinzhu Zhang. "Adapting Root Distribution and Improving Water Use Efficiency via Drip Irrigation in a Jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) Orchard after Long-Term Flood Irrigation." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121184.
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Jujube tree yields in dryland saline soils are restricted by water shortages and soil salinity. Converting traditional flood irrigation to drip irrigation would solve water deficit and salt stress. The root distribution reacts primarily to the availability of water and nutrients. However, there is little information about the response of jujube roots to the change from flood irrigation to drip irrigation. In this context, a two–year experiment was carried out to reveal the effects of the change from long–term flood irrigation to drip irrigation on soil water, root distribution, fruit yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of jujube trees. In this study, drip irrigation amounts were designed with three levels, i.e., 880 mm (W1), 660 mm (W2), 440 mm (W3), and the flood irrigation of 1100 mm was designed as the control (CK). The results showed that replacing flood irrigation with drip irrigation significantly altered soil water distribution and increased soil moisture in the topsoil (0–40 cm). In the drip irrigation treatments with high levels, soil water storage in the 0–60 cm soil layer at the flowering and fruit setting, and fruit swelling stages of jujube trees increased significantly compared with the flood irrigation. After two consecutive years of drip irrigation, the treatments with higher irrigation levels increased root length density (RLD) in 0–60 cm soil depth but decreased that in the 60–100 cm depth. In the horizontal direction, higher irrigation levels increased RLD in the distance of 0–50 cm, while reducing RLD in the distance of 50–100 cm. However, the opposite conclusion was obtained in W3 treatment. Additionally, in the second year of drip irrigation, W2 treatment (660 mm) significantly improved yield and WUE, with an increasing of 7.6% for yield and 60.3% for WUE compared to the flood irrigation. In summary, converting flood irrigation to drip irrigation is useful in regulating root distribution and improving WUE, which would be a promising method in jujube cultivation in arid regions.
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Galande, Mr S. G. "Agricultured Automatic Drip Irrigation System." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 1, no. 2 (2012): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-0122427.
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Mikkelsen, Robert L. "Phosphorus Fertilization through Drip Irrigation." Journal of Production Agriculture 2, no. 3 (July 1989): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1989.0279.
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Suryawanshi, O. P. "Drip Irrigation Design and Management." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 04 (April 10, 2018): 695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.078.
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Ben-Gal, A., Y. Cohen, A. Peeters, A. Naor, Y. Nezer, N. Ohana-Levi, I. Bahat, et al. "Precision drip irrigation for horticulture." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1335 (February 2022): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1335.32.
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Xiloyannis, C., P. Angelini, and A. Galliano. "DRIP IRRIGATION OF KIWIFRUIT TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 282 (December 1990): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.282.28.
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van Acker, Rene. "Subsurface drip irrigation in Ontario." Crops & Soils 51, no. 2 (March 2018): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cs2018.51.0206.
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