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Caamaño-Isorna, Francisco, Lucía Moure-Rodriguez, Montserrat Corral Varela, and Fernando Cadaveira. "Traffic accidents and heavy episodic drinking among university students." Traffic Injury Prevention 18, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1192284.
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Nazeer, Muhammad Atif, Muhammad Mohsin, and Abdur Rehman. "Identifying the Causes and Protective Measures of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) in Bahawalpur City, Pakistan." Vol 3 Issue 4 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2021030407.
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Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is a growing public issue and fall among the four top causes of mortality and morbidity globally. The main objective of this study was to identify the causes and protective measures of road traffic accidents in Bahawalpur City. Primary data was gathered through a structured questionnaire during a field survey in selected five public places as sample sites i.e. Larry Ada, University Chowk, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), One Unit Chowk, and Melad Chowk. Secondary data of road accidents was gathered form National Highway and Motor Way Police (NH&MP) while primary data was gathered from 150 respondents (30 from each study site) and analyzed in SPSS software by applying descriptive statistics and road accident risk index (RARI). Findings revealed that the main causes of these accidents include increase in population (62.66%), increase in demand for vehicles (22%), bike drivers (69.33%), overtaking of the vehicles (51.33%), over speed and hustle to reach the destination (34.66%). One wheeling is also a major reason, which results in the death of teenage drivers (52%), violation of the traffic rules (25.33%). RARI results also suggest the relationship between the affected persons and the road traffic accidents. Lastly, few suggestions were proposed to overcome the ratio and severity of road traffic accidents because these accidents are predictable and largely preventable through multi-disciplinary coherent strategies.
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Vu, Hai Minh, Tung Thanh Tran, Giang Thu Vu, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Chau Minh Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Tung Hoang Tran, et al. "Alcohol Use Disorder among Patients Suffered from Road Collisions in a Vietnamese Delta Province." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132423.
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Traffic collisions have continuously been ranked amongst the top causes of deaths in Vietnam. In particular, drinking has been recognized as a major factor amplifying the likelihood of traffic collisions in various settings. This study aims to examine the relationship between alcohol use and traffic collisions in the current context of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 traffic collisions patients in six health facilities in the Thai Binh Province to investigate the level of alcohol consumption and identify factors influencing alcohol use among these patients. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scale was used to determine the problematic drinking behavior of the participants. The percentage of patients having problematic drinking was more than 30%. Being male, having a high household income, and working as farmer/worker were risk factors for alcohol abuse. People causing accidents and patients with a traumatic brain injury had a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol before the accidents. This study highlights the necessity of more stringent laws on reducing drink-driving in Vietnam. In addition, more interventions, especially those utilizing mass media like educational campaign of good behavior on social networks, are necessary to reduce alcohol consumption in targeted populations in order to decrease the prevalence and burden of road injuries.
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Levine, Barry, and John E. Smialek. "Status of Alcohol Absorption in Drinking Drivers Killed in Traffic Accidents." Journal of Forensic Sciences 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 14632J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs14632j.
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Marinho, Rui Tato. "‘The Last Coachman’, the Trio of Risk Factors: Alcohol, Tobacco and Traffic Accidents." Acta Médica Portuguesa 27, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.5591.
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Cybulska, Ewelina, and Renata Krajewska. "Analysis of the road accidents caused by drunk road users." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.043.
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One of the main causes of road accidents in Poland is the consumption of alcohol by drivers of vehicles. Despite the various preventive and educational actions, this problem still exists.The article discusses the problem of participation in road traffic after drinking alcohol. The influence of alcohol on the drivers of the vehicles was indicated. Legal regulations concerning alcohol consumption by drivers of vehicles in Poland have been characterized. Police statistical data on the frequency, type, severity of accidents and road accidents caused by drunk drivers and pedestrians in the years 2007-2017 were analyzed.
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Saldanha, Raquel Forgiarini, Flavio Pechansky, Daniela Benzano, Carlos Alberto Sampaio Martins de Barros, and Raquel Brandini De Boni. "Differences between attendance in emergency care of male and female victims of traffic accidents in Porto alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, no. 9 (September 2014): 3925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014199.12892013.
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Driving under the influence of alcohol/ drugs (DUI) is a well-established risk factor for traffic accidents, and men and women have different consumption patterns. The scope of this paper is to analyze differences in alcohol and drug consumption, as well as on behavior associated with traffic accidents among men and women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 609 sequential traffic accident victims attended in emergency care from Porto Alegre. Subjects gave a structured interview, were breathalyzed and had a saliva test for alcohol/drug screening. Results showed that women were mainly passengers or pedestrians (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in positive blood alcohol concentration. However, men reported more binge drinking and THC use, while women had more benzodiazepine in their saliva (p<0.05). This is the first Brazilian study to compare alcohol and drug use among men and women who were the victims of traffic accidents. Results point to differences in the pattern of substance abuse, as well on risk behavior. Data may be useful for specific prevention strategies that take gender differences into consideration.
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Smith, D. Ian. "Effect on Casualty Traffic Accidents of Changing Sunday Alcohol Sales Legislation in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Drug Issues 20, no. 3 (July 1990): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269002000303.
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Rolando, Sara, Franca Beccaria, Antonella Ermacora, and Laura Marinaro. "Drinking and driving: training the "prevention multipliers"." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (November 2010): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2010-su3013-ing.
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In the period 2007-2009 the Ministry of Health and the CCM (the Desease Control Center), in accordance with the Piemonte Region and the ASL CN2 Alba-Bra, have realized 88 training courses in 11 regions involving 2427 "multipliers of prevention", including Health Service workers, law enforcement officers, driving school teachers, Motor Registry and Traffic Authority officers, teachers, instructors (provisional licences). The project provided the participants with methodological and teaching tools for the activation of prevention actions of road accidents caused by the consumption of alcohol, pharmaceuticals and illegal drugs, targeted at young learner drivers, new licence-holders, and high-risk drivers.
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roglu, Veysel, and Suna Ibrahimoglu. "Evaluation of blood ethyl alcohol levels in the emergency service: The case of Şırnak province." Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 11, no. 4 (2022): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2022.10.220.
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It is known that drinking and driving is an important factor causing traffic accidents and this situation affects every part of the society. The data for which ethyl alcohol was requested from the şırnak state hospital automation system between 01/01/2020 and 01/07/2022 will be analyzed statistically. Demographic characteristics and ethyl alcohol results of patients admitted to the emergency department were obtained from the hospital information management system. 90.8% of the 306 requests are male and 9.2% are female. 50.7% of the requests are from young people between the ages of 18–29 and 5.9% are under the age of 18. When the cases were evaluated according to age, traffic accidents took first place among individuals between the ages of 18-29. In the evaluation of the cases according to gender, traffic accidents were found to be higher in males, and we found it statistically significant (p=0.016). When the cases were evaluated according to their ethyl alcohol levels, it was seen that 284 out of 306 people were below 50 ml/dL. It was determined that 191 people applied as a result of a traffic accident, but they were not alcoholics, and it was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). It is important that the study has the first remarkable findings for the province of Şırnak. We tried to make predictions by looking at the data we obtained from this study. In this study, the majority of which are traffic accident claims, young adults and men are in the majority. However, it is noteworthy that traffic accidents do not occur due to alcohol, but traffic rules are not followed.
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Miyatake, Nobuyuki, Naoko Tanaka, Noriko Sakano, and Hiroshi Kinoshita. "Relationship between Road Traffic Accidents and Drinking Habits in All 47 Prefectures of Japan." Journal of Transportation Technologies 03, no. 03 (2013): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2013.33019.
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Gruenewald, Paul J., and Fred W. Johnson. "Drinking, Driving, and Crashing: A Traffic-Flow Model of Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Accidents*." Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 71, no. 2 (March 2010): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2010.71.237.
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Zhao, Xiaohua, Xingjian Zhang, and Jian Rong. "Study of the Effects of Alcohol on Drivers and Driving Performance on Straight Road." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/607652.
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Drinking driving is responsible for a high proportion of traffic accidents. To study the effects of alcohol on drivers and driving performance, 25 drivers’ subjective feelings and driving performance data in different blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) levels were collected with simulated driving experiment. The investigation results revealed that alcohol affected drivers in many aspects, including attitude, judgment, vigilance, perception, reaction, and controlling. The analysis of accident rate showed that higher BAC level would lead to higher accident rate. The statistical analysis results of driving performance indicated that average speed, speed standard deviation, and lane position standard deviation were significantly higher under the influence of alcohol. They also had a statistically significant linear trend as the function of BAC level. The discrimination of drinking driving based on driving performance was performed with Fisher discrimination method. The results showed that drinking driving with higher BAC level was easier to discriminate from normal driving. Also, the results indicated that the three significant indicators on straight roadway could be used in the discrimination of drinking driving state. The conclusions can provide references for the study of drinking driving and the identification of driving state and then contribute to traffic safety.
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Tang, Xiaoling, Aifeng Zhai, Xiaowen Ding, and Qiande Zhu. "Safety Guarantee System of Drinking Water Source in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Its Application in Huangjuedu Drinking Water Source Area." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 7074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247074.
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With China’s rapid economic growth and increasing speed of urbanization, water pollution accidents have become one kind of environmental pollution source in China and bring potential risk to urban drinking water safety. The Huangjuedu Drinking Water Source Area is an important water source in Chongqing City (Southwest China) and a water intake source for the Jiangnan Waterworks of the Chongqing Drinking Water Company. There are still risks of water pollution accidents caused by ship leakage, road traffic accidents, chemical plant leakage, etc. The safety of the drinking water area is related to regional residents’ health and life safety and also has a profound impact on economy development and social stability. To reduce the harmful impacts of water pollution, it is of great scientific value and practical significance to analyze the pollutant diffusion of water pollution accidents with the Three Gorges Reservoir Area drinking water source security platform. In this paper, a two-dimensional water quality monitoring model was applied, and the digital elevation model was incorporated into the geographic information system, which generated a computational grid. Then, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area drinking water source security platform was developed. The platform can predict the water flow velocity, pollutant concentration at the drinking water inlet, and the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants in the whole water source area. Furthermore, a hypothetical ammonia nitrogen leak accident was analyzed using this safety platform. The ammonia nitrogen concentration at the intake of the drinking water source area was detected and analyzed by the security platform from the time of the accident until the concentration dropped to the background during four water periods under different wind direction conditions. The pollutants took 19, 22, 25, and 40 min to reach the water quality standard during the four water periods. Moreover, the diffusion of ammonia nitrogen in the southeast wind was faster than that in the southwest wind. The results showed that the platform is scientific and practical, and the prediction results are helpful for the Emergency Management Department to quickly and accurately predict the migration of ammonia nitrogen pollution and make corresponding plans under accident conditions.
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Płachecka, Magdalena. "Alcohol consumption by the drivers as a risk factor in public transport." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 7-8 (August 31, 2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.272.
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Issues to do with driving vehicles after drinking alcohol as well as being in a state of intoxication have been the object of interest in units, institutions, organs of public administrations, which carry out actions to increase the safety of road traffic in Poland. The aspect of drunk driving should be considered on the public heath spectrum, as a result of accidents caused by drunk driving hundreds of people die and thousands are left severely injured. In order to build awareness among people driving motor vehicles, programs, initiatives and different promotion actions are introduced to raise the importance of not driving after drinking alcohol. The purpose of this article is to present and assess actions made to improve the safety of people participating in road traffic with particular emphasis on public transport, eg. buses. The actions and initiatives taken at the national level have been discussed which will improve and increase road safety.
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Smith, Ian. "Effect on casualty traffic accidents of the introduction of 10 p.m. Monday to Saturday hotel closing in Victoria." Australian Drug and Alcohol Review 7, no. 2 (April 1988): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595238880000341.
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Zaleha, S. H., Nur Haliza Abdul Wahab, Norafida Ithnin, Johana Ahmad, Noor Hidayah Zakaria, Chinonso Okereke, and A. K. Nuraini Huda. "Microsleep Accident Prevention for SMART Vehicle via Image Processing Integrated with Artificial Intelligent." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012082.
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Abstract Number of accidents caused by microsleep increases rapidly each day. This is due to the current trend of life, for example high workload, long working hours, traffic jams, having too much caffeine, drinking alcohol, age factor, and many others. This microsleep can lead to major accidents, higher number of deaths, injuries, demolition of property and permanent disability. The creation of SMART Vehicles in the Internet of Things (IoT) increases the technology capabilities in transportation sectors, in addition to reduce the number of crashes on the roads. An integration with Artificial Intelligent (AI) can be a perfect combination on development of a microsleep detection and prevention. While the image processing will be used as the method of detecting the face changes from normal to microsleep symptoms on detecting the eye degree, the head motion and the mouth yawning. This work presented a review of current research that supported the integration of IoT and AI. The analysis and discussion on the best solution and method to prevent microsleep accidents was shown. Lastly, recommendation on development of real sensors for SMART Vehicles will be discussed. A preliminary result on this work also will be shown.
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Falk, Joern, Björn Globisch, Martin Angelmahr, Wolfgang Schade, and Heike Schenk-Mathes. "Drinking Water Supply in Rural Africa Based on a Mini-Grid Energy System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 9458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159458.
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Water is an essential resource required for various human activities such as drinking, cooking, growing food, and personal hygiene. As a key infrastructure of public services, access to clean and safe drinking water is an essential factor for local socio-economic development. Despite various national and international efforts, water supply is often not guaranteed, especially in rural areas of Africa. Although many water resources are theoretically available in these areas, bodies of water are often contaminated with dangerous pathogens and pollutants. As a result, people, often women and children, have to travel long distances to collect water from taps and are exposed to dangers such as physical violence and accidents on their way. In this article, we present a socio-economic case study for rural development. We describe a drinking water treatment plant with an annual capacity of 10,950 m3 on Kibumba Island in Lake Victoria (Tanzania). The plant is operated by a photovoltaic mini-grid system with second-life lithium-ion battery storage. We describe the planning, the installation, and the start of operation of the water treatment system. In addition, we estimate the water prices achievable with the proposed system and compare it to existing sources of drinking water on Kibumba Island. Assuming a useful life of 15 years, the installed drinking water system is cost-neutral for the community at a cost price of 0.70 EUR/m3, 22% less than any other source of clean water on Kibumba Island. Access to safe and clean drinking water is a major step forward for the local population. We investigate the socio-economic added value using social and economic key indicators like health, education, and income. Hence, this approach may serve as a role model for community-owned drinking water systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Clausen, Thomas, Priscilla Martinez, Andy Towers, Thomas Greenfield, and Paul Kowal. "Alcohol Consumption at Any Level Increases Risk of Injury Caused by Others: Data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 9s2 (January 2015): SART.S23549. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s23549.
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Background Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for injury. However, information is needed about alcohol drinking patterns and the risk of injury among older adults in low- and middle-income countries as this population grows. We aimed to examine the influence of drinking patterns on the burden of injury and investigate factors associated with different types of injury in older populations in six emerging economies. Methods Data from more than 37,0 adults aged 50 years and older were included from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 conducted in six emerging economies, namely, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. We investigated past-year reported injuries from falls, traffic accidents, and being hit or stabbed. Alcohol drinking patterns were measured as lifetime abstinence, ever but not past- week use, and gender-specific past-week low-risk and high-risk use. We stratified by gender and used logistic regression models to observe the association between alcohol drinking pattern and risk of injury by controlling for other factors. Results During the year prior to interview, 627 (2.2%) subjects reported bodily injury resulting from a car accident, 1,156 (4.2%) from a fall, and 339 (.9%) from being hit or stabbed during the past year. For women, only being a high-risk drinker increased the risk of being hit or stabbed, whereas for men, all levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of being hit or stabbed. We observed a higher risk of being hit or stabbed from past-week high-risk drinking among women (odds ratio [OR] = 6.09, P < 0.01) than among men (OR = 3.57, P < 0.01). We observed no association between alcohol drinking pattern and injury due to car accidents for either women or men. Conclusions The risk of experiencing injury due to violence increased with level of alcohol exposure of the victim. The increase in alcohol use in emerging economies calls for further study into the consequences of alcohol use and for public health initiatives to reduce the risk of violence in older adult populations, with special attention to the experience of older adult women.
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Song, Wei, and Guangde Zhang. "Risky-Driving-Image Recognition Based on Visual Attention Mechanism and Deep Learning." Sensors 22, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 5868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155868.
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Risky driving behavior seriously affects the driver’s ability to react, execute and judge, which is one of the major causes of traffic accidents. The timely and accurate identification of the driving status of drivers is particularly important, since drivers can quickly adjust their driving status to avoid safety accidents. In order to further improve the identification accuracy, this paper proposes a risky-driving image-recognition system based on the visual attention mechanism and deep-learning technology to identify four types of driving status images including normal driving, driving while smoking, driving while drinking and driving while talking. With reference to ResNet, we build four deep-learning models with different depths and embed the proposed visual attention blocks into the image-classification model. The experimental results indicate that the classification accuracy of the ResNet models with lower depth can exceed the ResNet models with higher depth by embedding the visual attention modules, while there is no significant change in model complexity, which could improve the model recognition accuracy without reducing the recognition efficiency.
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Milinia, Tasya Endah, Dani Nasirul Haq, and Siti Arum Alia. "Physical Workload and Work Fatigue among Tank Car Drivers at Surabaya Integrated Terminal." Folia Medica Indonesiana 58, no. 4 (December 5, 2022): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v58i4.36305.
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Highlights: Physical workload had no correlation with work fatigue among tank car drivers. Companies and tank car drivers are advised to carry out work fatigue management by exercising lightly and fulfilling nutritional and water intake. Abstract : Every year, there are nearly a thousand times more of non-fatal accidents than fatal accidents. In Indonesia, Java Island has the highest number of traffic accidents. Work accidents have three main factors, i.e. worker factors, labor factors, and environmental factors. Fatigue is one of the conditions called silent killer. The aim of this research was to analyze the correlation of physical workload with work fatigue in tank car drivers at Surabaya Integrated Terminal. This research was an observational cross-sectional study. The sample were 205 tank car drivers fufilling the inclusion criteria as fuel tank car drivers and willing to participate in this research. The independent variable in the study was physical workload, while the dependent variable was subjective work fatigue. Data were collected using the IFRC questionnaire. The Spearman’s correlation test revealed the value of Sig. (2-tailed)=0.437, indicating no significant correlation between physical workload and subjective work fatigue. The results showed that the physical workload had no correlation with work fatigue. Fatigue found among the drivers are probably induced by other factors not analyzed in this study. Companies and tank car drivers are advised to carry out work fatigue management by, for example, drinking water regularly, carrying out light exercise, and fulfilling nutritional intake.
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Aggarwal, Amita, and Sukhpal Kaur. "Sociodemographic Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims admitted at Emergency Surgical OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 46, no. 1 (2012): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1005.
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ABSTRACT Objective To assess sociodemographic profile of roadside accident victims. Materials and methods Using purposive sampling technique 100 patients were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire consisting of personal identification data, personal habits and details related to occurrence of accident was used to collect the data. Results More than half subjects (59%) were in age group of 20 to 40 years with mean age being 36.5 years ± 14.2. Majority of the accident victims (84%) were male. More than half (67%) belonged to Hindu religion, educated up to secondary level (65%), were married (54%) and were rural habitants (54%). Twenty-six percent of subjects had the history of drinking alcohol. Out of these 15 subjects (57.7%) had consumed alcohol at the time of accident. Sixty-eight percent were driving two wheeler; only 27% were wearing protective equipment (helmet/seat belt) at the time of accident. Approximately one-third (39%) had 6 to 15 years of driving experience. Half (51%) of the accidents occurred in evening hours and on Saturday and Sunday. Conclusion The present study reflects that there is need to plan strategies to decrease risk of accidents and inculcate healthy driving habits in the vulnerable citizens. How to cite this article Aggarwal A, Kaur S, Dhillon MS. Sociodemographic Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims Admitted at Emergency Surgical OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):15-18.
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Mercer, G. William. "The relationships among driving while impaired charges, police drinking—driving roadcheck activity, media coverage and alcohol-related casualty traffic accidents." Accident Analysis & Prevention 17, no. 6 (1985): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(85)90042-9.
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Pantea, Cristina, Razvan Horhat, Salomeia Putnoky, Oana Suciu, Ioana Tuta Sas, Codruta Bacean, Radu Bagiu, Corneluta Fira Mladinescu, and Brigitha Vlaicu. "Risk Behaviours for Traffic Accidents in 18-20 Years Young People Travelling with Drunk Driver of Timis County, Romania." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 3 (April 15, 2018): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.3.6179.
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The present research aimed to assess some predictors for experiencing traveling in a car with a driver who has consumed alcohol, in a group of young people, aged between 18 and 20 years, residents of Timis County, Romania. The study group of 1606 young subjects, 18-20 years of age, 51.4% pupils and 48.6% students, with girls being significantly better represented, was applied a transversal population study. Percents of 29.8% of boys and 28.4% of girls got 1-3 times in a car with a drunk driver, and 10.1% of boys and 6.5% of girls traveled in such circumstances more than 4 times. Boys tend to accept the risks of traveling in a car with a drunk driver significantly more frequently than girls. We identified some predictors for traveling with a driver who has consumed alcohol, such as the binge drinking model and the model of mixed alcohol and drugs consumption, the practice of alcohol consumption associated with vehicle driving by the father, as well as by friends.
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Čulík, K., V. Štefancová, and A. Kalašová. "Driving Simulator as a Tool for Reaction Time Measurement." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012034.
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Abstract The reaction times of a driver were measured in a driving simulator environment in this article. Young drivers under the age of 26 were the focus of the study. They cause many accidents. Each participating driver provided basic information later used for mathematical-statistical analysis. The main advantage of driving simulators is limitless usage. It is possible to simulate situations that would be unacceptable in real road traffic. Therefore, this study could focus also on drivers influenced by alcohol. The main goal of the article is to evaluate the reaction times. Then it was possible to evaluate if gender, practice, and alcohol, statistically significantly affect the reaction time. We also focused on drinking before driving for a smaller number of drivers. For these mathematical-statistical purposes, we used a one-sample t-test, paired-samples t-test, and independent-sample t-test.
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Čulík, Kristián, Alica Kalašová, and Vladimíra Štefancová. "Evaluation of Driver’s Reaction Time Measured in Driving Simulator." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093542.
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This article evaluates the driver’s reaction times in a driving simulator environment. The research focused mainly on young drivers under the age of 26, who cause many accidents. Each participating driver provided basic information later used for mathematical-statistical analysis. The main advantage of driving simulators is limitless usage. It is possible to simulate situations that would be unacceptable in real road traffic. Therefore, this study is also able to examine drunk driving. The main goal of the article is to evaluate if gender, practice, or alcohol significantly affected the reaction time of 30 drivers. We also focused on drinking before driving for a smaller number of the drivers; ten of them performed driving under the influence of alcohol. For these mathematical-statistical purposes, we used a one-sample t-test, a paired-samples t-test, an independent-sample t-test, and a correlation analysis together with the assessment of its statistical significance.
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Hariharan, Sneha, and Ravishankar T. K. "Smart Helmet." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48212.
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Abstract: As the number of motorcyclists in our country rises, so do the number of traffic accidents and fatalities. The majority of these accidents are the result of drunk driving and a failure to wear a helmet. The majority of nations now require their residents to wear helmets while riding bikes and to never ride while intoxicated, but despite this, the laws are still broken. Drive Protection and Accident Detection Smart Helmet was developed in an effort to address this issue as engineers using the use of mechatronics. It is made up of an intelligent system that is built into the helmet and the vehicle. The helmet device makes sure the motorcyclist is wearing a helmet and is not drinking during the trip. If the aforementioned requirement is not met, it interacts with the vehicle unit to turn off the motorcycle's ignition system. Vehicle unit checks and intimates’ accident and SMS notifies of accident using geometric coordinates. Geometric coordinates can be used to locate the injured cyclist using a basic GPS monitoring software. The primary goal of the suggested idea is to offer a safe and affordable smart helmet. The smart helmet was designed using a Wi-Fi enabled processor and an integrated network of sensors for the engine control system, accident alert system, and alcohol detection. When it comes to the driver's safety, the suggested system is quite beneficial.
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German, Christopher A., Kaewalee Soontornmon, Phathai Singkham, Lokachet Tanasugarn, Ratanachote Thienmongkol, Natirath Weeranakin, Hiroshi Tamura, and Akihiro Nishi. "A Systematic Review on Epidemiology and Promotion of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Thailand." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 31, no. 5 (July 2019): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539519860733.
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Background. Road traffic accidents are the fourth leading cause of death in the entire population, and the first among the youth (ages 15-19 years) in Thailand. The situation in Thailand is worse than in neighboring low- to middle-income countries in the Southeast Asia region. Seventy-three percent of the deaths in the country are motorcycle drivers or passengers. Although motorcyclists (both drivers and passengers) have been obligated to wear helmets by law, the prevalence of helmet use nationwide is not high (43.7% in 2010). Methods. We performed a systematic review to examine potential social determinants of helmet use behavior (observational studies) and to summarize previous intervention studies to promote helmet use (interventional studies) in the country. Studies were identified in PubMed and Web of Science, and by additional review of Thai-written literature. Results. We identified 16 relevant studies for social determinants of helmet use and 5 relevant studies for promoting helmet use in Thailand. Our review shows that several factors such as teens and children (age), women (gender), rural areas (geography), and alcohol drinking (interaction with another behavior) are associated with non-helmet use. We also identified 4 interventional studies implemented in Thailand: 1 law enforcement program and 4 community-based educational programs. Although all the studies improved the prevalence of helmet use after the interventions, only 2 studies exceeded 50%. Conclusion. There is consistent evidence that being younger, being a woman, living in non-Bangkok areas, and drinking alcohol are associated with non-helmet use among motorcycle users in Thailand. We also observed that the effect of past intervention programs is limited.
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Alford, Chris, Callum Broom, Harriet Carver, Sean J. Johnson, Sam Lands, Rebecca Reece, and Joris C. Verster. "The Impact of Alcohol Hangover on Simulated Driving Performance during a ‘Commute to Work’—Zero and Residual Alcohol Effects Compared." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051435.
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Driving is increasing across the world and road traffic accidents are a major cause of serious injuries and fatalities. The link between alcohol consumption and impaired driving has long been established and has led to legislation in many countries, with enforcement of legal limits based on blood alcohol concentration levels. Alcohol hangover research is an emerging field with a range of laboratory and naturalistic studies now clearly demonstrating the significant impairments that can result from hangover, even when alcohol levels are measured at or close to zero the day following a social drinking occasion. Driving is a commonplace activity but requires competency with a range of complex and potentially demanding tasks. Driving impaired can have serious consequences, including death and serious injury. There have been only limited alcohol hangover driving studies. The studies presented examined the consequences of alcohol hangover with a driving simulator contrasting a group with zero residual alcohol (N = 26) next day and another with residual alcohol (N = 26) assessed with breathalyzer in the morning before undertaking a 20 min commute to work. All participants completed a morning drive after a night without alcohol consumption and another after a night of social drinking. The driving scenarios were relatively demanding including traffic and pedestrians, traffic lights and other potential hazards in a mixed rural and urban journey. Subjective hangover and workload were assessed in addition to a range of driving performance variables, including divided attention, steering control and driving violations. Analyses contrasted driving in the no alcohol condition with the residual alcohol condition. The combined groups data (N = 52) was contrasted with the zero and residual alcohol groups. Significant contrasts were found for a range of driving measures, including divided attention, vehicle control, and driving violations as well as perceived workload. The pattern of impairment was broadly similar across both groups, indicating that whether or not residual alcohol was present, consistent driving impairment was seen. The relatively high number of significant variables may reflect the increased cognitive demand of the 20 min commute drive including busy and complex urban environments. This was also reflected in the significant increase in perceived workload recorded across the 6 dimensions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Associations between subjective measures and driving performance with hangover suggested a potential lack of awareness of impairment, though were limited in number. The overall findings indicate that the levels of impairment seen reflect those seen with alcohol impaired driving, even when breath alcohol is zero.
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Dunbar, J. A., S. A. Ogston, A. Ritchie, M. S. Devgun, J. Hagart, and B. T. Martin. "Are problem drinkers dangerous drivers? An investigation of arrest for drinking and driving, serum gamma glutamyltranspeptidase activities, blood alcohol concentrations, and road traffic accidents: the Tayside Safe Driving Project." BMJ 290, no. 6471 (March 16, 1985): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.290.6471.827.
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Lewsey, Jim, Houra Haghpanahan, Daniel Mackay, Emma McIntosh, Jill Pell, and Andy Jones. "Impact of legislation to reduce the drink-drive limit on road traffic accidents and alcohol consumption in Scotland: a natural experiment study." Public Health Research 7, no. 12 (June 2019): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr07120.
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Background It is widely recognised that drink driving is a leading cause of road traffic accidents (RTAs). There is evidence that changing the drink-drive limit from a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 to 0.05 g/dl is effective in reducing RTAs. Scotland changed the blood alcohol concentration limit to 0.05 g/dl on 5 December 2014. Aims To assess whether or not the numbers and rates of RTAs and per capita alcohol consumption in Scotland were reduced because of the 2014 drink-drive legislation. To assess whether or not the 2014 change in legislation provided good value for money. Design A natural experimental, quantitative study. The control group was England and Wales, that is, the other countries in Great Britain, where the drink-drive legislation remained unchanged. Setting Great Britain. Participants The entire population of Scotland, England and Wales for the period of January 2013–December 2016. Intervention The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland. Outcome measures The counts and rates of RTAs; and per capita alcohol consumption. Methods For the numbers and rates of RTAs (both traffic flow and population denominators were used), and separately for the intervention and control trial groups, negative binomial regression models were fitted to panel data sets to test for a change in outcome level after the new 2014 legislation was in place. To obtain a ‘difference-in-differences’ (DiD)-type measure of effect, an interaction term between the intervention group indicator and the binary covariate for indicating pre and post change in legislation (‘pseudo’-change for the control group) was assessed. For off- and on-trade per capita alcohol sales, and separately for the intervention and control trial group, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average error models were fitted to the relevant time series. Results The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 2% relative decrease in RTAs in Scotland [relative risk (RR) 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.04; p = 0.53]. However, the pseudo-change in legislation was associated with a 5% decrease in RTAs in England and Wales (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00; p = 0.05). For RTA rates, with traffic flow as the denominator, the DiD-type estimate indicated a 7% increase in rates for Scotland relative to England and Wales (unadjusted RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.17; p = 0.1). The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 0.3% relative decrease in per capita off-trade sales (–0.3%, 95% CI –1.7% to 1.1%; p = 0.71) and a 0.7% decrease in per capita on-trade sales (–0.7%, 95% CI –0.8% to –0.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusion The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland in December 2014 did not have the expected effect of reducing RTAs in the country, and nor did it change alcohol drinking levels in Scotland. This main finding for RTAs was unexpected and the research has shown that a lack of enforcement is the most likely reason for legislation failure. Future work Investigations into how the public interpret and act on changes in drink-drive legislation would be welcome, as would research into whether or not previous change in drink-drive legislation effects on RTAs in other jurisdictions are associated with the level of enforcement that took place. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38602189. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Majláth, Melinda, and Pascal Ricordel. "CSR Communication in Problematic Sectors: The Example of Hungarian Brewers." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p326.
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Thesis statement: CSR reputation indices (like MSC KLD400, Dow Jones Sustainability Index) exist in such form which exclude companies operating in ethically questionable industries like tobacco, gambling, nuclear power, adult entertainment or alcoholic drinks. However, drinking alcohol is a very important part of the culture and is a tradition in many European countries (for socializing and as a gift) even if in some cases it has very ambivalent judgment. Alcohol addiction, domestic violence, traffic accidents, serious health problems mean a real burden on the society. So the main question is how these companies try to legitimize their behaviour through their CSR actions? Methodology: Structured, qualitative comparison of the CSR communication of the four biggest Hungarian brewers has been made. Information provided on the homepage is tested as the main and most easily available source for concerned customers. Results: Significant difference can be seen among the examined brewers in their CSR activities and its communication. Some breweries which are subsidiaries of big international companies have CSR policy at corporate level but they are not actually translated it into local initiatives. The increased amount of alcohol-free beer offered and sold is a positive trend. Conclusions and Implications: Proving legitimacy of their activity is the central element of CSR communication, but responsibility-taking is mainly perceived as a role of the consumer or the employees but not for the company itself. Keywords: Beer manufacturer, CSR, qualitative research, ethical responsibility
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Das, Bishnu Ram, Sampurna Bora, Arpan Kumar Das, and Gitali Kakoti. "Knowledge and practices towards road safety measures among intern and resident doctors: a cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 5456. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214288.
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Background: In spite of ongoing commitment and efforts, road traffic accidents continue to be a leading cause of death and disabilities in India. Adequate knowledge on road safety measures among budding doctors can create awareness and provide preventive counselling to their clients. An attempt was made to assess the knowledge and practices about road safety measures among intern and resident doctors working in tertiary care setting.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 young doctors of Jorhat Medical College, Jorhat, Assam.Results: Among the enrolled study participants 54% were intern and 46% were resident doctors. More than half of the participants were male. Knowledge on different, road signs among the young doctors ranges in between 68% to 99%. The dangerous effects of alcohol consumption while driving/riding were known to 93% of the participants. While riding two wheels, only 58% always use helmet with belt and 33% sometimes use mobile phone. Regarding exceed in speed limit in two wheels, 11 (17%) participants informed that they surpass the speed limit and among them 10 (26%) were males which was found to be statistically significant. Among four-wheelers, 48% always use seat belt and 49% sometimes use mobile phone while driving. During four-wheel driving, 21% participants were involved in occasional drinking/smoking and it was found significantly higher in males.Conclusions: The study revealed that in spite of having adequate knowledge about road safety measures, intern and resident doctors are poor in practicing which warrant motivational and counselling intervention.
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Sapsirisavat, Vorapot, and Wiriya Mahikul. "Drinking and Night-Time Driving May Increase the Risk of Severe Health Outcomes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Traffic Injuries among International Travelers at a University Hospital Emergency Center in Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 9823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189823.
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Road traffic injury (RTI) is a leading cause of death in developing countries. This burden affects not only locals, but also international travelers. Data on international travelers with RTIs in Thailand, especially from a medical perspective, are limited. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with severe health outcomes following RTIs among international travelers at a university hospital emergency center in Thailand from January 2015 to December 2019. The retrieved data consisted of demographics, risks, preventive factors, and health outcomes. The severity of outcome was classified as fatality, hospitalization, or non-severe. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify the possible determinants of severity of health outcome among international travelers with RTI. A total of 720 travelers with RTIs (69% males; 82.5% were Southeast Asian) were included, with a mean age of 28.5 years. Of these, 144 (20%) had severe health outcomes: 64 (9%) fatalities and 80 (11%) hospitalizations. The level of severity of outcome was not associated with travelers’ demographics, but was associated with conventional risk factors, i.e., motorcycle use, alcohol/drug use, night-time driving, and less use of seatbelt/helmet. In a multinomial logistic regression analysis, alcohol drinking (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–4.55) and night-time driving (AOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.36–4.75) were associated with hospitalization. Patients who had a history of tetanus vaccination were less likely to die (AOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17–0.81). In conclusion, one-fifth of RTIs resulted in severe health outcomes, and 9% were fatal. Road safety campaigns in Thailand should target travelers of all nationalities. Interventions that enhance travelers’ safety practices and proper preparation for road accidents should be explored further.
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Chui, Kwok Tai, Wadee Alhalabi, and Ryan Wen Liu. "Head motion coefficient-based algorithm for distracted driving detection." Data Technologies and Applications 53, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dta-09-2018-0086.
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PurposeConcentration is the key to safer driving. Ideally, drivers should focus mainly on front views and side mirrors. Typical distractions are eating, drinking, cell phone use, using and searching things in car as well as looking at something outside the car. In this paper, distracted driving detection algorithm is targeting on nine scenarios nodding, head shaking, moving the head 45° to upper left and back to position, moving the head 45° to lower left and back to position, moving the head 45° to upper right and back to position, moving the head 45° to lower right and back to position, moving the head upward and back to position, head dropping down and blinking as fundamental elements for distracted events. The purpose of this paper is preliminary study these scenarios for the ideal distraction detection, the exact type of distraction.Design/methodology/approachThe system consists of distraction detection module that processes video stream and compute motion coefficient to reinforce identification of distraction conditions of drivers. Motion coefficient of the video frames is computed which follows by the spike detection via statistical filtering.FindingsThe accuracy of head motion analyzer is given as 98.6 percent. With such satisfactory result, it is concluded that the distraction detection using light computation power algorithm is an appropriate direction and further work could be devoted on more scenarios as well as background light intensity and resolution of video frames.Originality/valueThe system aimed at detecting the distraction of the public transport driver. By providing instant response and timely warning, it can lower the road traffic accidents and casualties due to poor physical conditions. A low latency and lightweight head motion detector has been developed for online driver awareness monitoring.
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Vrábel, Ján, Branislav Sarkan, and Amit Vashisth. "Change of driver's reaction time depending on the amount of alcohol consumed by the driver - the case study." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 87, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol87.art4.
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Each driver should drive according to the actual road traffic rules of the country in which is he currently located. The law systems of various states of Europe allow an increased maximal blood alcohol level of driver. As the fact that no small number of road accidents is caused because of the influence of alcohol on the driver, it is necessary to focus the attention of the society on this issue. The paper deals with the influence of alcohol to change of the reaction time of the driver. During the project of the alcohol effect on the driver and its behaviour, the reaction time of several drivers of a selected group of people was measured. At first (before alcohol drinking) it was assessed the physical and mental condition of the drivers, using a series of question. Subsequently were carried out the measurements by car with sober driver. After this initial measurement the driver began to drink an alcohol and after 20 minutes the level of alcohol in driver´s breath was determined by certificated equipment. After finding of this value was the driver re-tested by the car, where he had to stop the vehicle before simulated barrier. During the tests the stopping distance, the mean fully developed deceleration was explored as the supporting variables. As the most important variable was the driver´s reaction time. It was researched by using of the video-analysing from two synchronized cameras. The aim of this paper is to focus on the fact that there is a dependence between the amount of consumed alcohol and the driver´s reaction time, which significantly affects the road safety. The reaction time of the driver directly influences to the stopping distance thus it is resolute for stopping the vehicle before a barrier
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Akinlade, Olusanya C., and William R. Brieger. "Motorcycle Taxis and Road Safety in Southwestern Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 22, no. 1 (April 2003): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kqpm-rj52-4uy6-9l1y.
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Motorcycles have become a major form of commercial transportation in Nigeria over the past decade, due in large part to the economic downturn which has placed the purchase and maintenance of new cars and minibuses beyond the grasp of most. The phenomenon began in the towns of Igbo-Ora and Eruwa in southwestern Oyo State, Nigeria around 1989, and has been observed to have important health risks while at the same time providing essential transportation. The study documented 81 road traffic accidents from hospital records in the town of Igbo-Ora in the six months preceding the survey. An observational component of the study documented that only one among 480 motorcyclists observed wore a helmet. Other safety problems included speed, failure to stop at a junction before entering a main road, wearing non-protective light clothing and slippers, carrying in excess of one passenger, and failure to make appropriate turn signals. Older drivers were observed to perform more safety behaviors than younger ones. A total of 267 commercial motorcycle (taxi) drivers (CMDs) were interviewed. Only 31% had some form of license (including learner permits), only 44.2% had seen a copy of the highway code, and 28.1% were reported to have consumed alcohol during short breaks from work. CMDs who had some form of license were older, owned their motorcycle, and had higher safety self-efficacy scores. Those who had seen the highway code, which is published in English, were more educated and had longer years of driving experience, higher safety self-efficacy scores, and greater road safety knowledge. Drinking alcohol during the workday was negatively associated with safety self-efficacy, safety opinion scores, and ownership of the motorcycle. Health education based in the CMD union, school health education, and public advocacy to make consumers/passengers aware of safety issues is recommended.
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Monteiro Andrade, Luiz Odorico, Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha Bareta, Cid Ferreira Gomes, and Ondina Maria Chagas Canuto. "Public health policies as guides for local public policies: the experience of Sobral-Ceará, Brazil." Promotion & Education 12, no. 3_suppl (September 2005): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10253823050120030111x.
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The accelerated urbanisation process that Brazil has gone through in the last 50 years has given rise to daunting challenges for public managers, especially in terms of local public policy management for the building of “healthy cities”. In Sobral, a municipality of 173,000 inhabitants in Ceará in the North-eastern region of Brazil, a number of municipal policies were initiated beginning in 1997, many in partnership with the federal and state governments. They were inspired by the vision of a healthy and equitable city and were marked by strategic planning and the implementation of intersectoral projects. This article lays out some of the actions and their results, including an increase in the public supply of drinking water from 65% to 97% of households; an increase in sewage networks from 7% to 65%; an increase in public refuse collection from 42% to 90%; the expansion of green areas; the construction of nine kilometres of bicycle paths; the universalisation of integral health care through the Family Health Strategy through a network with specialised out-patient and hospital services; and a 148% increase in the number of children enrolled in primary school. These initiatives also resulted in the improvement of quality of life indicators, including a reduction in infant mortality from 61.4 to 19.0 per thousand live births, a drop in the mortality rate from traffic accidents from 33.40 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2001 to 15.25 in 2003; and a jump in literacy rates among children in the first cycle of primary school from 40 to 90.7%. In the present article, the authors describe some of the successful strategies and projects initiated between 1997 and 2003, and discuss how this experience could be reproduced in other communities across Brazil and around the world.
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Jomar, Rafael Tavares, Dandara de Oliveira Ramos, Vitor Augusto de Oliveira Fonseca, and Washington Leite Junger. "Effect of the zero-tolerance drinking and driving law on mortality due to road traffic accidents according to the type of victim, sex, and age in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: An interrupted time series study." Traffic Injury Prevention 20, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1576035.
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Vásquez Giler, Yira Annabell, Alina González Hernández, Paula Salomé Macías Moreira, and Olimpia Victoria Carrillo Farnés. "Análisis de la situación de salud en Cerro Guayabal." QhaliKay. Revista de Ciencias de la Salud ISSN: 2588-0608 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/qkrcs.v1i1.125.
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El Análisis de Situación de Salud es una herramienta que busca mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de poblaciones. Se diseñó una investigación transversal, descriptiva; con doble propósito: relacio- nar condiciones de vida y comportamiento del proceso salud y enfermedad en la comunidad Cerro de Guayabal y realizar ejercicio práctico-docente con estudiantes del quinto semestre de Medicina. Se encuestaron 266 familias, 1134 personas (91%) de la población total. El 71% solo alcanza nivel de formación primaria. Más de la mitad tiene viviendas en condiciones regulares y cultura sanita- ria entre regular y mal. El 87% no tiene necesidades básicas cubiertas. Más del 50% son familias disfuncionales. El 56% se dispensarizó de riesgo y 11% enfermos. Dada las condiciones de vida y ausencia de centro de salud parece existir morbilidad oculta. Existe riesgo de accidentes de tránsito y laboral. Resultó un tema crítico la recolección de residuos, el acceso a agua potable y la conta- minación ambiental. Existe imperiosa necesidad de intervenciones de salud para mejorar el estado de salud y calidad de vida de esta comunidad.
Palabras clave: calidad de vida, estado de salud, salud pública.
Abstract:
The Health Situation Analysis is a tool that seeks to improve the health and quality of life of pop- ulations. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed; with dual purpose: to relate living con- ditions and health behavior and disease process in the Cerro de Guayabal community and make practical-teaching practice with students of the fifth semester of Medicine. 266 families, 1134 people (91%) of the total population were surveyed. Only 71% reached primary level. More than half are in regular housing conditions and health culture fair to poor. 87% do not cover basic needs. More than 50% are dysfunctional families. 56% were risk dispensary and 11% were sick. Given the living conditions and lack of health center it seems to be hidden morbidity. There is a risk of traffic and labor accidents. Waste collection, access to drinking water and environmental pollution were critical issues. There is an urgent need for health interventions to improve the health state and quality of life of this community.
Key words: life quality, health state, public health.
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Vásquez Giler, Yira Annabell, Alina González Hernández, Paula Salomé Macías Moreira, and Olimpia Victoria Carrillo Farnés. "Análisis de la situación de salud en Cerro Guayabal." QhaliKay. Revista de Ciencias de la Salud ISSN: 2588-0608 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/qhalikay.v1i1.125.
Full textAbstract:
El Análisis de Situación de Salud es una herramienta que busca mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de poblaciones. Se diseñó una investigación transversal, descriptiva; con doble propósito: relacio- nar condiciones de vida y comportamiento del proceso salud y enfermedad en la comunidad Cerro de Guayabal y realizar ejercicio práctico-docente con estudiantes del quinto semestre de Medicina. Se encuestaron 266 familias, 1134 personas (91%) de la población total. El 71% solo alcanza nivel de formación primaria. Más de la mitad tiene viviendas en condiciones regulares y cultura sanita- ria entre regular y mal. El 87% no tiene necesidades básicas cubiertas. Más del 50% son familias disfuncionales. El 56% se dispensarizó de riesgo y 11% enfermos. Dada las condiciones de vida y ausencia de centro de salud parece existir morbilidad oculta. Existe riesgo de accidentes de tránsito y laboral. Resultó un tema crítico la recolección de residuos, el acceso a agua potable y la conta- minación ambiental. Existe imperiosa necesidad de intervenciones de salud para mejorar el estado de salud y calidad de vida de esta comunidad.
Palabras clave: calidad de vida, estado de salud, salud pública.
Abstract:
The Health Situation Analysis is a tool that seeks to improve the health and quality of life of pop- ulations. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed; with dual purpose: to relate living con- ditions and health behavior and disease process in the Cerro de Guayabal community and make practical-teaching practice with students of the fifth semester of Medicine. 266 families, 1134 people (91%) of the total population were surveyed. Only 71% reached primary level. More than half are in regular housing conditions and health culture fair to poor. 87% do not cover basic needs. More than 50% are dysfunctional families. 56% were risk dispensary and 11% were sick. Given the living conditions and lack of health center it seems to be hidden morbidity. There is a risk of traffic and labor accidents. Waste collection, access to drinking water and environmental pollution were critical issues. There is an urgent need for health interventions to improve the health state and quality of life of this community.
Key words: life quality, health state, public health.
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Zheng, Yang Yong, and Yao Mei. "Analysis of Influencing Factors of Traffic Accidents in Undersea Tunnel." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, August 10, 2020, 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2020/v15i317147.
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This study aims to study the influencing factors of traffic accidents in undersea tunnels and establish a prediction model of undersea tunnel traffic accidents. Through face-to-face inquiry and telephone survey, the relevant information of drivers who had traffic accidents in Jiaozhou Bay undersea tunnel from 2018 to 2019 was obtained, and the relevant information of citizens passing through Jiaozhou Bay undersea tunnel was obtained by posting questionnaires on the Internet. Based on whether there were traffic accidents in undersea tunnel, the drivers with undersea tunnel driving experience were divided into accident group and control group. Through the single factor analysis of the data, it is found that drinking, bad driving habits, having traffic accident experience, speeding and other thirteen factors have an important impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents undersea tunnel. Multivariate analysis was carried out on thirteen factors with significant influence, and a model for predicting the probability of accidents in undersea tunnels was established. Five influencing factors of speeding, the following distance is too small, carelessness, illegal lane change and having traffic accidents experience entered the model, with OR values of 7.11(2.94-18.90), 2.35(1.17-4.08), 3.99(1.23-7.45), 2.68(1.15-6.39) and 3.95(1.78-6.11). The occurrence of accidents in undersea tunnel is related to the length of the tunnel and the traffic flow. For an undersea tunnel with a length of 7 km and an average daily traffic flow of 50000 vehicles, the number of daily traffic accidents is 1.96. The driver’s violations and the driver’s carelessness are the main factors in undersea tunnel traffic accident. In order to improve the traffic safety of undersea tunnel, government departments should step up enforcement against traffic violations. In addition, the undersea tunnel management department needs to consider taking measures to improve the harsh and monotonous environment in the tunnel. This study provides an empirical basis for the prevention of traffic accidents in undersea tunnels.
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Nguyen, Minh Tam, and Assailly Jean-Pascal. "A COMPARISON OF DRINKING AND DRINK-DRIVING PATTERNS AMONG STUDENTS AND WORKERS AGED 15-25 YEARS IN BAC GIANG PROVINCE AND BINH THUAN PROVINCE." Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, October 2016, 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34071/jmp.2016.5.10.
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Traffic accidents and drink driving are serious health concerns for the young adult population. Statistics data in Vietnam shows that about 40% traffic accidents (with 11% fatalities) are involved with alcohol. Objective: To describe the situation of drinking and driving among young people aged 15-25 years. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 4,850 young adults in 2 provinces of Bac Giang and Binh Thuan. Results: The proportion of high school students drinking last year was 25.9%, that of students and adult workers were 61,1% and 71,2%, respectively. While the proportion of high school students who reported driving after drinking was still low (12.1%), that of students and young workers were much higher (54.2% among college/university students and 63,4% among young workers). Conclusion: The percentage of alcohol consumption and drink-driving among people aged 15-25 years was high. The important practical implications of these results are to design effective interventions to prevent alcohol consumption and drink driving as well as the risk of traffic crashes in the young population. Key words: young adults, 15-25 years old, alcohol consumption, drink-driving
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Souza, Cássia Rebeca de Lima, Letícia Xander Russo, and Everton Nunes da Silva. "Association of the new zero-tolerance drinking and driving law with hospitalization rate due to road traffic injuries in Brazil." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09300-y.
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AbstractWe investigated the association of the new zero-tolerance drinking and driving law (Law 12,760, Dec. 2012) with hospital admissions due to road traffic injuries in Brazil by using interrupted time series from 2008 to 2019. We used linear regression designed to adjust for autocorrelation and Cumby–Huizinga test for residual autocorrelation. Newey–West standard errors was used to handle heteroscedasticity. We used ICD-10 codes for land transport accidents (V01–V89). The hospitalization rate was calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. The sources were the Hospital Information System and the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics. Pre- and postintervention consist of 59 and 85 months, respectively. For Brazil, the hospitalization rate was associated with a reduction of 0.34 (p = 0.097; 95% CI − 0.74 to 0.06) in the first month of the intervention (Dec. 2012), followed by a significant change in the hospitalization trend. Compared to the period prior to the intervention, the monthly trend was associated with a reduction of 0.05 (p < 0.01; 95% CI − 0.06 to − 0.04) in the post period. These results stand in agreement with subgroup analyses for the Brazilian regions, although North and Northeast regions did not immediately reduce hospitalization rates (level change). Our results suggested that 440,599 hospitalizations for land transport accidents would be averted by the new zero-tolerance drinking and driving law from Dec. 2012 to Dec. 2019 in Brazil. Even using a quasi-experimental approach, our findings must be interpreted with caution due to observational design and registration flaws surrounding our data.
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Stehr, Mark F. "The Effect of Sunday Sales of Alcohol on Highway Crash Fatalities." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 10, no. 1 (August 10, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.1844.
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Abstract A large body of evidence indicates that increased alcohol availability leads to increased consumption of alcohol. From 1995 to 2008, fourteen states relaxed or repealed their bans on the Sunday sale of packaged alcohol. This paper leverages these repeals to provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effect of Sunday sales bans on alcohol related crash fatalities. Previous published studies in this area have found conflicting results regarding the effect of Sunday sales on traffic accidents and fatalities, but these studies have focused on repeals in single states, cities, or provinces; are outdated; or have failed to control for underlying changes in traffic fatalities that may be correlated with repeals but are due to other factors affecting traffic safety. Drawing upon data from the lower 48 states from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), this paper finds that only the repeal in New Mexico led to an increase in fatalities. The effect is evident only in New Mexico because this repeal led to larger increases in drinking in New Mexico than in other states, residents of New Mexico drive more than residents of the other repeal states, and there is a greater fraction of traffic fatalities involving alcohol in New Mexico than in the other repeal states.
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Mousa, Saleh, Ragab Mousa, Amany Fadaly, and Khalid Jamil. "Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithm for Identifying Feature Levels Associated with Safety Critical Events." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, March 29, 2021, 036119812199962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198121999626.
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According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), about seven million traffic accidents claimed more than 36,560 human lives in the U.S. in 2018 . These statistics have prompted researchers to investigate the driver characteristics associated with safety-critical events (SCE). This paper presents a hybrid CatBoost algorithm for identifying the feature levels associated with SCE. The model accounts for numerous difficulties and drawbacks reported in the literature. The model was trained and validated using the entire set of the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP2-NDS) events (crash/near-crash and normal/baseline). Results indicate that secondary tasks (interacting with object in-vehicle, reaching for objects in the vehicle, pet interaction, cellphone/tablet use, and writing/texting), intersection influence (parking lots/driveway/entrance/exit, uncontrolled intersections, traffic signals, interchanges, and stop signs), income (under $29,000 and $100,000–$149,000), age (16–19 and 20–24), traffic density (level of service C, D, and E/F), high sensation-seeking tendency (scoring 18–35 on a scale of 35), low driving knowledge (scoring 0–8.9 on a 19-point scoring system questionnaire), and gender = female are the feature levels having an association with SCE with a probability varying between 51% and 87%. Results also revealed that passenger interactions, eating/drinking, driving away from intersections or interchanges, being age 70—79, or driving in traffic density = A are more related to safe driving. Consideration of these results can contribute to reducing roadway crashes and improve traffic safety.
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Ancellin, R., C. Cogordan, J. B. Richard, R. Andler, and A. Deutsch. "Alcohol and cancer: risk perception among the French population." European Journal of Public Health 29, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.686.
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Abstract In 2015, in France, 41 000 deaths were estimated to be attributable to alcohol consumption including 16 000 deaths from cancer. 8% of all new cancer cases were attributable to alcohol. The French National Cancer Institute and Sante Public France have conducted a study on knowledge and opinions of the French population on the risks factors attributed to cancer, including alcohol consumption. Data came from the 2015 Barometre Cancer survey, a random cross-sectional telephone survey of the French general population (n = 3771 individuals aged 15-85 years). About 88% of the respondents felt well informed about the risks of alcohol. Opinions show an important risk denial and risk relativization: e.g, 85% agreed that the principal risk with alcohol consumption are traffic accidents or violence and 75% agreed that soda and hamburgers are as bad as alcohol for the health. Those perception were higher among men, older respondents, daily drinking consumers and those of low socioeconomic status. Population’s beliefs to deny the cancer risks due to alcohol use are common in France. These results can be used to redesign public information about the risks of alcohol. Key messages Population’s beliefs to deny the cancer risks due to alcohol use are common in France. It’s necessary to adress public information about the risks of alcohol.
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Bakhtari Aghdam, Fatemeh, Karim Shaheian, Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani, Ahmad Kousha, Koen Ponnet, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi, and Leila Jahangiry. "Drivers' unsafe behaviors in Iran: An investigation in West Azerbaijan." Frontiers in Public Health 10 (December 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.815380.
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BackgroundThe present study aims to investigate one of the major causes of traffic accidents: drivers' unsafe behaviors while driving.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the behaviors of 946 drivers at traffic lights were observed in the morning, at noon, and in the evening using direct in-field observation. The unsafe behaviors of the drivers included not fastening the seat belt, using a cellphone or handsfree device, smoking, being distracted by a child, talking with passengers, not observing the stop line, eating and drinking, and getting out of the car, letting out a passenger, or arguing with a passenger at the traffic light.ResultsOf the drivers at the traffic light, 60% did not obey the stop line, and 72% did not fasten their seat belt. Also, 13.6% used their cellphones, and 22% talked with passengers. The frequency of the other unsafe behaviors was <3%. For wearing seat belts, drivers aged 41–50 years wore seat belts almost five times more than drivers under 25 years of age (4.94 [2.36–10.320]; p < 0.001), and drivers aged 50 years and older were almost three times likelier to wear seat belts than drivers under 25 years of age (2.8 [1.31–6.08]; p < 0.001). The results showed that the drivers were significantly likelier to wear seat belts on Saturdays (after the weekend) (0.56 [0.40–0.78]; p = 0.001). Regarding using mobile phones while driving, women were twice as likely to use mobile phones as men (2.20 [1.30–3.72]; p < 0.001). Drivers aged 26–40 years used mobile phones significantly less than drivers under 25 years of age (0.24 [0.14–0.43]; p < 0.001) and drivers aged 41–50 years were significantly less likely to use mobile phones than drivers under 25 years of age (0.19 [1.31–6.08]; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results showed that the occurrence of wearing a seat belt in Shahin Dej was low. We observed a significant association between wearing a seat belt, age, whether it was Saturday (a day after weekend for Iranians). Additionally, similar associations were observed between using mobile phones and gender, age, and day of the week.
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Reynolds, Anna, Lynelle Moon, and Michelle Gourley. "1441Indirect effects of COVID-19 in Australia during 2020." International Journal of Epidemiology 50, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab168.568.
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Abstract Focus of Presentation COVID-19 is a major health threat that has led to substantial disruption to almost all parts of society worldwide. We brought together available data to assess the impact of the first 12 months of COVID-19 in Australia, examining initial data on the indirect effects of the pandemic on Australian’s health and welfare. Findings During 2020, Australia recorded lower than expected total mortality, in contrast to many other countries where excess mortality (higher than expected deaths) was observed. Age-standardised death rates for influenza and pneumonia, and chronic lower respiratory infections during both waves of COVID-19 cases were lower than in previous years. The initial impacts of the epidemic in Australia appear to have increased levels of psychological distress. However, the number of deaths by suicide in NSW, Victoria and Queensland have remained at similar levels to previous years. Important health behaviours, such as physical activity and alcohol consumption, worsened for some people but improved for others. The travel restrictions appear to have caused a reduction in injuries due to falls and road traffic accidents, particularly during the first lockdown in March-April 2020. Conclusions/Implications Public health measures introduced to control the spread of COVID-19 in Australia had both positive and negative health effects. The impact of these effects will need to be monitored over time. Key messages The indirect effects of COVID-19 in Australia are wide-ranging and include impacts on mental health, health behaviours and deaths from other diseases.
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Köchling, Jöran, Berit Geis, Cho-Ming Chao, Jana-K. Dieks, Stefan Wirth, and Kai O. Hensel. "The hazardous (mis)perception of Self-estimated Alcohol intoxication and Fitness to drivE—an avoidable health risk: the SAFE randomised trial." Harm Reduction Journal 18, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00567-4.
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Abstract Background Worldwide, alcohol-related road traffic accidents represent a major avoidable health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of self-estimating the degree of acute alcohol intoxication regarding the legal driving limit, and to identify risk factors for misjudgement. Methods In this prospective randomised controlled crossover trial, 90 social drinkers (mean age 23.9 ± 3.5 years, 50% female) consumed either beer or wine. Study group subjects were made aware when exceeding the legal driving limit (BrAC = 0.05%). Controls received no information about their BrAC. For crossover, beer or wine were consumed in the opposite order. Results 39–53% of all participants exceeded the legal driving limit whilst under the impression to be still permitted to drive. Self-estimation was significantly more accurate on study day 2 (p = 0.009). Increasing BrAC positively correlated with self-estimation inaccuracy, which was reproducible during crossover. Multiple regression analysis revealed fast drinking and higher alcohol levels as independent risk factors for inaccurate self-estimation. Conclusions Social drinkers are commonly unaware of exceeding the legal driving limit when consuming alcohol. Self-estimating alcohol intoxication can be improved through awareness. Dedicated awareness programs, social media campaigns and government advice communications should be utilised to address this avoidable hazard. Trial registration The trial was registered prospectively at the Witten/Herdecke University Ethics Committee (trial registration number 140/2016 on 04/11/2016) and at the DRKS—German Clinical Trials Register (trial registration number DRKS00015285 on 08/22/2018—Retrospectively registered). Trial protocol can be accessed online.