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1
Salas, Safe Jose Gregorio. "Drilling optimization using drilling simulator software." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173.
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Drilling operations management will face hurdles to reduce costs and increase performance, and to do this with less experience and organizational drilling capacity. A technology called Drilling Simulators Software has shown an extraordinary potential to improve the drilling performance and reduce risk and cost. Different approaches have been made to develop drilling-simulator software. The Virtual Experience Simulator, geological drilling logs, and reconstructed lithology are some of the most successful. The drilling simulations can run multiple scenarios quickly and then update plans with new data to improve the results. Its storage capacity for retaining field drilling experience and knowledge add value to the program. This research shows the results of using drilling simulator software called Drilling Optimization Simulator (DROPS®) in the evaluation of the Aloctono block, in the Pirital field, eastern Venezuela. This formation is characterized by very complex geology, containing faulted restructures, large dips, and hard and abrasive rocks. The drilling performance in this section has a strong impact in the profitability of the field. A number of simulations using geological drilling logs and the concept of the learning curve defined the optimum drilling parameters for the block. The result shows that DROPS® has the capability to simulate the drilling performance of the area with reasonable accuracy. Thus, it is possible to predict the drilling performance using different bits and the learning-curve concept to obtain optimum drilling parameters. All of these allow a comprehensive and effective cost and drilling optimization.
2
Ozer, Ceren. "Hydraulics Optimization Of Foam Drilling In Drilling Operations." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611059/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
HYDRAULICS OPTIMIZATION OF FOAM DRILLING IN DRILLING
OPERATIONS
Özer, Ceren M. Sc., Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Evren Ö
zbayoglu September 2009, 72 pages In drilling, drilling fluid affects every single step of operation. If rig system is thought as the human body, drilling mud can be defined as the blood system of it. Drilling fluid carries the cuttings, cools the bit, it conditions the hole and so on. Some special kinds of drilling fluids are used for special purposes such as underbalanced drilling. Underbalanced drilling is generally used to prevent formation damage, lost circulation and to increase the penetration rate.Since 1980&rsquo
s foam is used as drilling fluid for underbalanced drilling purposes and there are some models for bit hydraulic optimizations. In this study, mathematical model has been derived considering not the volumetric flow rate but the mass flow rate of the foams. Maximum hydraulic horse power at the bit is determined as a function of mass flow rate. Using this concept, optimum volumetric flow rates for liquid and gas phases as well as optimum nozzle size are determined.Using this mathematical model, a computer program is developed for comparing the results with the existing data available in the literature. It accounts for the compressibility of foam and pressure losses inside the drill string, bit and annulus.Hole size, drill-string properties, formation temperature and pressure, maximum inlet pressure are used as input parameters. Program calculates static back pressure,pressure losses in the whole system, bottom hole foam properties such as quality and velocity and optimum liquid and gas flow rates which are the key parameters of foamdrilling optimization. Results show that liquid and gas rates should be increased with increasing hole sizeand formation pressure. Increasing temperature gradient causes a minimal decrease on foam rate properties. In addition, pressure losses due to friction increases with increasing hole size and formation pressure. Decrease in formation temperature also decreases the foam quality. Changes in temperature gradient causes minimal changes on foam rate properties. Comparisons of the proposed model with other models from the literature also gave good match. The optimization criteria and assumptions are differing from the existing models. As a result the comparison does not have to one to one match with the others. The results from this study may be used for optimization of flow rate of foam as drilling fluid based on mass flow.
3
Eren, Tuna. "Real-time-optimization Of Drilling Parameters During Drilling Operations." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611558/index.pdf.
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Real-time optimization of drilling parameters during drilling operations aims to optimize weight on bit, bit rotation speed for obtaining maximum drilling rate as well as minimizing the drilling cost. The process is considered to be formation specific. A statistical method such as multiple linear regression technique has been used for the drilling optimization. An extensive literature survey on drilling optimization was conducted for this research study. A model is developed for this purpose using actual field data collected through modern well monitoring and data recording systems, which predicts the rate of drilling penetration as a function of available parameters. The rate of penetration general equation is optimized for effective functions at each data point. In order to optimize the parameters in the field, a computer network is required to be developed. The computer network will keep the piped data directly from the data source, and continuously be collecting the new data to be fed. A database present at the central computer will be continuously calculating the developed model parameters by means of multiple regression technique and inform the team at the field. The field engineer will transmit the current drilling parameters back to the central computer, and the headquarters will determine the new model parameters and optimum drilling parameters by including the recently received information. Therefore, there will be a real-time-optimization process. It is considered that this technique is going to be widely used in future drilling activities since it could reduce drilling costs and minimize probability of encountering problems due to working with optimized parameters.
It has been found that drilling rate of penetration could be modelled in real-time environment as a function of independent drilling variables such as weight on bit, rotation speed of the string, drilling fluid weight, and formation characteristics. The ability to have the drilling rate of penetration with respect to depth characteristically with certain parameters for specific formations on real-time basis could bring new insights to the nature of drilling optimization studies. Any significant departure of the actual rate of penetration from the predicted rate of penetration trend could have important indications which could be detected beforehand in real-time. The study has also achieved one of its objectives, giving the optimized independent drilling parameters found following statistical synthesis.
4
Ma, Jia. "Smart Drilling, a computer-based system for planning drilling operations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30964.pdf.
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Helgeland, Leif Rune. "Drilling of Deep-set Carbonates Using Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25582.
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A majority of the “easy” fields have already been developed, while demand for oil and gas continues to increase rapidly. Reservoirs in deep-set carbonates contains a large amount of the worlds remaining hydrocarbons and could pose as a solution for supplying the future demand. However, extracting these hydrocarbons has proven to be a daunting task. Carbonate formations are often severely fractured and karstified, leading to large or even total losses during drilling. As these fractures and “caves” are also the main target for gas, kicks and blow-outs are a constant threat.In this master thesis a variant of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD), Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD), has been reviewed. PMCD uses a static mud cap in the annulus to provide adequate downhole pressure, while a cheap sacrificial fluid is pumped down the drillstring to remove cuttings and transport it into the formation. A literature study was done in order to compare PMCD against other existing tech- niques, specifically conventional drilling and Constant Bottom Hole Pressure, another MPD variant. Working along side the losses have enabled PMCD to safely drill to Total Depth in these reservoirs, while reducing most of the Non-Productive Time and having an overall cheaper operation. Where other techniques are relying on time consuming and costly Lost Circulation Material, cement or other means of plugging the formation, PMCD works at its optimal.A static model was made to more clearly show the physics behind PMCD and to be able to simulate an operation through a gas bearing total loss ”cave” in a deep- set carbonate environment. Its procedures and advantages became clear, though the model and reservoir environment was rather simplistic. After an evaluation, the results were that PMCD lacks versatility and is not yet fully accepted by the industry, but that it offers the best solution for drilling of deep-set carbonates. The main conclusion is that in these reservoir, PMCD should as a minimum be used as a contingency in exploration wells.
6
Paknejad, Amir Saman. "Foam drilling simulator." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4792.
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Although the use of compressible drilling fluids is experiencing growth, the flow
behavior and stability properties of drilling foams are more complicated than those of
conventional fluids. In contrast with conventional mud, the physical properties of foam
change along the wellbore. Foam physical and thermal properties are strongly affected by
pressure and temperature. Many problems associated with field applications still exist,
and a precise characterization of the rheological properties of these complex systems
needs to be performed. The accurate determination of the foam properties in circulating
wells helps to achieve better estimation of foam rheology and pressure.
A computer code is developed to process the data and closely simulate the pressure
during drilling a well. The model also offers a detailed discussion of many aspects of
foam drilling operations and enables the user to generate many comparative graphs and
tables. The effects of some important parameters such as: back-pressure, rate of
penetration, cuttings concentration, cuttings size, and formation water influx on pressure,
injection rate, and velocity are presented in tabular and graphical form.
A discretized heat transfer model is formulated with an energy balance on a control
volume in the flowing fluid. The finite difference model (FDM) is used to write the
governing heat transfer equations in discretized form. A detailed discussion on the
determination of heat transfer coefficients and the solution approach is presented.
Additional research is required to analyze the foam heat transfer coefficient and thermal
conductivity.
7
Fossum, Trygve Olav. "Analysis and control of drilling riser dynamics in dual gradient drilling." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22358.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate a dual gradient riser system, adapted for operations in the Gulf of Mexico and subjected to first- and second-order wave forces, current and rig/vessel motion.Deep water drilling in narrow pressure zones pose several challenges for handling well pressure. Using two separate fluid volumes, in what is known as a dual gradient drilling (DGD) solution, the hydrostatic well pressure can be reduced by managing the return flow. To separate these volumes and control the mud return, the riser must accommodate a device known as a rotating control device (RCD). The RCD and the well pressure system extends the capabilities of conventional drilling schemes allowing for operations in deeper water and narrower pressure zones. The two volumes are closed off using a sealing element in the RCD, which holds the differential pressure created by the drilling system. The seal operate in a hostile environment resulting in extensive wear originating from abrasive particles, the rotating drillpipe and dynamic forces from the sheltering riser. The abrasion related to friction contact is strongly coupled with the riser and drillpipe contact and prompt the need for a closer analysis of the forces occurring between them. The riser system and RCD is therefore modelled in SIMA/RIFLEX and a dynamic analysis is carried out to obtain the lateral drillpipe/riser contact forces, indirectly finding the forces affecting the seal element. The analysis results indicate that the lateral force is below 4% of the seal element?s clamp force. The force magnitude is modest and will most likely have no significant impact on the operation. However, local forces and vibrations associated with resonance can create undesirable effects, which over time can lead to fatigue damage of the RCD and its subcomponents.Submerged equipment will be sensitive to range of resonance phenomena originating from the rig motions, second-order wave forces, current and vortex induced vibrations. This will encourage a review of the local dynamics and the potential use of riser control. Motivated by this, a finite element model is developed in Matlab/SIMULINK to study this in more detail. In order to de- tect resonance related vibrations, a modal decomposition model is formulated based on the finite element model. Using the modal model, a weighted estimate of the eigen frequencies active in the response can be provided to evaluate the resonance properties of the riser. To obtain a better understanding of the riser system and the control potential, a dynamic analysis of the models is carried out, focusing on low frequent rig/vessel motion. Both models are throughly verified using the commercial program RIFLEX, to ensure the sufficient accuracy. Inspired by the results from the analysis, control strategies based on manipulation of the resonance properties (modal con- trol) of the riser are examined, applied to a riser management system framework. The purpose of modal control is to increase safety margins and the operational economy, e.g. by reducing the time spent suspended because of seal element exchange or the risk for well head fatigue. Four different strategies based on manipulation of tension and position are proposed. Followed by a qualitative evaluation of the practical aspects, indicating that setpoint chasing and tension control are the most effective and attainable strategies available.The main contributions in this thesis are assessment of the lateral contact force associated with a deep water pipe-in-pipe dual gradient riser in the Gulf of Mexico, the development and verification of a extensive riser model using Matlab and SIMULINK, and the formulation of modal riser control for resonance vibrations in deep water drilling risers.
8
Xia, Tian. "INVESTIGATION OF DRILLING PERFORMANCE IN CRYOGENIC DRILLING ON CFRP COMPOSITE LAMINATES." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/36.
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In recent years, there has been a substantial growth in the application of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite materials in automobile and aerospace industries due to their superior properties such as lightweight, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and minimal fatigue concerns. The present study evaluates the drilling performance of woven carbon fiber reinforced plastics under both dry and cryogenic cooling conditions using uncoated solid carbide drill with a through-hole for coolant application.
The effects of the cooling conditions and the cutting parameters on drilling performance in drilling CFRP were evaluated in terms of generated thrust force, torque, cutting edge radius, outer corner flank wear, hole quality (including surface roughness, diameter error, roundness, delamination, burr formation, sub-surface quality). Both cooling conditions and cutting parameters were found to influence the thrust force and torque at different levels. The thrust force and the torque are higher in cryogenic cooling under all cutting parameters. In most of the cases, cryogenic drilling gives better bore-hole quality with lower surface roughness, more accurate diameter, less burr generation, better sub-surface quality, etc. Also, the tool-wear rates measured in drilling shows that cryogenic drilling produces less tool-wear than dry drilling does.
9
Isaksson, Robert. "Drilling with force feedback." Thesis, Linköping University, Automatic Control, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20897.
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Industrial robots have been used for a long time in the industry. Despite this thedevelopment of advanced force control system using industrial robots is relativelylimited. Using force controlled robot systems expands the possibility of what canbe done with industrial robots.Previously a force feedback system for a standard industrial robot from ABBhas been developed. The system is developed towards the aircraft industry, where amounted drill machine on the robot has to fulfill the requirements in robot drillingin aircraft structures. This thesis presents experimental results and improvementsof this industrial robot system. Mechanical modifications and tests of a new endeffector are analyzed.
10
Sigurjonsson, Kjartan Örn. "Dual gradient drilling simulations." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18362.
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The system studied in this thesis is called the Low Rise Return system and uses a partly filled marine drilling riser with a variable mud level which is used control the bottom holes pressure.Initially main components of the Low Riser Return System are listed and explained. Then the performance characteristics of the system are explored. Level movements in riser during level increase and decrease at constant mud pump rates are explained along with the effect of mud pump rate on maximum level increase and decrease rates.A simple simulator is then presented that calculates the bottom hole pressure when pump rates are changed. The simulator includes a function that enables it to simulate lost circulation scenarios.The simulator is used to simulate some preferred scenarios. First a pressure increase and decrease at constant mud pump rates are simulated. Then it is shown how a faster pressure decrease can be achieved by temporarily lowering the mud pump rate. Next simulations are shown where changes in mud level are used to compensate for changes in equivalent circulation density as mud pump rates are changed. Finally simulations are run that demonstrate how mud level can be reduced to cure lost circulation scenarios. Results and lessons learned are then discussed.
11
ABDU, JOAO PAULO SANSEVERINO. "SAFETY ASPECTS IN OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING WITH THE FLOATING MUD CAP DRILLING TECHNIQUE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36079@1.
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Frente às dificuldades de perfurar poços em reservatórios caracterizados por carbonatos fraturados e depletados, com frequente ocorrência de massivas perdas de fluido para formação e impossibilidade de manter o retorno de fluido para superfície, foi desenvolvida a técnica FMCD- Floating Mud Cap Drilling. A técnica consiste na perfuração com bombeio contínuo de fluido pela coluna de perfuração e também pelo anular do poço, injetando todo fluido e formação cortada pela broca para o reservatório. Na técnica convencional de perfuração, o fluido é bombeado pela coluna e retorna pelo anular, sendo possível monitorar continuamente a ocorrência de kicks - influxos acidentais de hidrocarbonetos no poço No entanto, na técnica FMCD, devido à ausência de retorno de fluido no anular, torna-se necessário adotar métodos não convencionais de monitoramento e prevenção de kicks, sendo o principal método, a injeção continua de fluido pelo anular, a uma vazão determinada, que evite influxos do reservatório e migração de hidrocarbonetos para superfície, denominada vazão de segurança. Inicialmente é apresentada uma contextualização da perfuração de poços offshore com técnica convencional e técnica FMCD, associada a uma ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre a técnica, e também de modelos e experimentos de fluxo óleo-água. Por fim, como objetivo principal da dissertação, é realizado a discussão de premissas, análise da vazão de segurança e métodos de monitoramento de influxos. Contudo, é esperado que a revisão bibliográfica e análises desenvolvidas, auxiliem em futuros projetos de perfuração com a técnica FMCD- Floating Mud Cap. Drilling.With the oil carbonate reservoirs exploration and exploitation around the world and the Brazilian coast, new challenges for well drilling are found which requires new techniques to be developed. The carbonate reservoirs can present fractures with high conductivity along its structure, often accompanied by geological faults. When associate with scenarios where the reservoirs are depleted, due to the ongoing production of these oil fields, may lead to fluid severe losses into the formation during the news well construction. For decades, in case of total loss at offshore wells drilling, the proposed solution has been to pump sealing material into the formation and, persisting the losses, to end it with a cement plug in open hole and make another attempt to drill the interval. When these procedures were not effective, the wells were often abandoned. On one side, it should be emphasized, that pumping sealant material and cement into the producing reservoir is undesirable, due to the possibility of damaging the intervals of greater permeability and production potential which may bring reduction in productivity (or injectivity) of the well. On the other side, continuing the drilling with fluid total loss may be intolerable from the operational safety point of view, as it is not possible to use conventional kick detection methods, that are mainly based on drilling fluid mass control. Facing these difficulties of drilling wells in reservoirs characterized by fractured and depleted carbonates, the FMCD (Floating Mud Cap Drilling) technique was developed. The technique consists of drilling with continuous pumping of fluid both through the drilling column and the well annulus, injecting all fluid and formation cuts into the reservoir.
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Wang, Yiwen. "Study on the Rheology of Drilling Fluid and Its Impact on Drilling Operation." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/77985.
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Optimisation and automation is becoming an integral part of drilling workflow in which, drilling fluid rheology is an important component. The objective of this thesis was to study the fluid rheology in more depth using different measurement methods. A series of experiments were conducted to ascertain the synergic interaction of low-end viscosifiers to enhance drilling fluid properties. Furthermore, rheological experiments were performed to investigate the effect of fine particles on the rheology of mono-dispersed suspensions.
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Gao, Wei, and 高偉. "Development and application of drilling process monitoring methodologyfor hydraulic rotary drilling in ground investigation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508993.
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Gransell, Fredrik. "Decision analysis: determining the most appropriate drilling method for production drilling in underground mining." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22506.
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The mining industry contains many factors with a high degree of uncertainty. Therefore, there is a need for decision analysis. The production drill process is an initial process in underground mining, thus it is important that the most appropriate drilling method is used for specific mining operations. The current study provides examples of important variables that can be used in the decision analysis of the given decision problem. Drill methods included in the decision analysis are hydraulic top-hammer, pneumatic, and hydraulic down-the-hole hammers. Monte Carlo simulations are used as decision analysis method and tornado diagrams are used to determine how large effect the variables have on the results given the variation in each variable. The Monte Carlo simulations are based on a hypothetical case. It is challenging to analyze only the drilling process because the results of this process influence other processes in the mine. Thus, a comprehensive decision model that includes several processes of the mining operation would be of value to the decision maker. The presented calculations focus on cost per ton in terms of direct and indirect costs of drilling. Examples of safety and environmental criteria are given, for a possible extension of the analysis.
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Park, Junho. "Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for a Managed Pressure Drilling with High-Fidelity Drilling Simulators." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6792.
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The world's energy demand has been rapidly increasing and is projected to continue growing for at least the next two decades. With increasing global energy demand and competition from renewable energy, the oil and gas industry is striving for more efficient petroleum production. Many technical breakthroughs have enabled the drilling industry to expand the exploration to more difficult drilling such as deepwater drilling and multilateral directional drilling. For example, managed pressure drilling (MPD) offers ceaseless operation with multiple manipulated variables (MV) and wired drill pipe (WDP) provides two-way, high-speed measurements from bottom hole and along-string sensors. These technologies have maximum benefit when applied in an automation system or as a real-time advisory tool. The objective of this study is to investigate the benefit of nonlinear model-based control and estimation algorithms with various types of models. This work presents a new simplified flow model (SFM) for bottomhole pressure (BHP) regulation in MPD operations. The SFM is embedded into model-based control and estimation algorithms that use model predictive control (MPC) and moving horizon estimation (MHE), respectively. This work also presents a new Hammerstein-Wiener nonlinear model predictive controller for BHP regulation. Hammerstein-Wiener models employ input and output static nonlinear blocks before and after linear dynamics blocks to simplify the controller design. The control performance of the new Hammerstein-Wiener nonlinear controller is superior to conventional PID controllers in a variety of drilling scenarios. Conventional controllers show severe limitations in MPD because of the interconnected multivariable and nonlinear nature of drilling operations. BHP control performance is evaluated in scenarios such as drilling, pipe connection, kick attenuation, and mud density displacement and the efficacy of the SFM and Hammerstein-Wiener models is tested in various control schemes applicable to both WDP and mud pulse systems. Trusted high-fidelity drilling simulators are used to simulate well conditions and are used to evaluate the performance of the controllers using the SFM and Hammerstein-Wiener models. The comparison between non-WDP (semi-closed loop) and WDP (full-closed loop) applications validates the accuracy of the SFM under the set of conditions tested and confirms comparability with model-based control and estimation algorithms. The SFM MPC maintains the BHP within ± 1 bar of the setpoint for each investigated scenario, including for pipe connection and mud density displacement procedures that experience a wider operation range than normal drilling.
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Råen, Jostein. "Managing pressure during underbalanced drilling." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18395.
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AbstractUnderbalanced drilling has received more and more attention in recent years. The reason for that may be because many oil fields, especially on the Norwegian continental shelf, have started to show signs of aging. By that I mean that the production is going down, and reservoir pressure is more and more reduced. Underbalanced drilling is a technique that is suitable for dealing with these challenges. The major benefits like for example reduced reservoir damage, and the ability to drill through narrow pressure windows, both help in prolonging the life of mature fields. To be able to perform a successful underbalanced drilling operation control over the pressure in the well is crucial. The bottom hole pressure must be controlled and adjusted as the operation goes on to make sure that underbalanced conditions are maintained at all times. My main goal with this thesis have been to demonstrate how the bottom hole pressure can be controlled by different parameters, and the investigation of different scenarios that can occur during an underbalanced operation and how they affect the bottom hole pressure.The Drillbench package contains two multiphase flow simulators that are specialized for underbalanced drilling. The Steadyflodrill is a steady-state simulator and the Dynaflodrill is a dynamic simulator. The dominant simulator in my work has been the Dynaflodrill.During drilling the bottom hole pressure is adjusted and controlled with three different parameters. These are the liquid injection rate, gas injection rate and the choke opening. Which of these parameters that will change the bottom hole pressure the fastest will vary with the type of well being drilled. Doing a connection during underbalanced drilling can be problematic, but this will vary with the type of reservoir being drilled. Separation of fluids in the wellbore when circulation is halted can cause severe fluctuations in the bottom hole pressure. By using the choke these fluctuations can be reduced to an acceptable level. Tripping underbalanced also offer challenges regarding separation of fluids which will kill the well after some time since the circulation is stopped for a long period. Also reservoirs containing heavier oil will be killed eventually if the reservoir is under pressured. Drilling through narrow pressure windows can be problematic if a pump failure should occur. This failure can lead to a sudden drop in the bottom hole pressure which can cause it to drop under the collapse pressure limit of the formation and cause for instance a stuck-pipe situation. Hitting an unexpected high pressure zone can lead to a well control situation due to an increased influx of formation fluids which exceeds the limits of the separator.Automation of underbalanced drilling has been difficult due to low data transportation rate from the bottom to surface, and difficulties with correct modeling of the multiphase flow in the well. A possibility can be to make use of the pump pressure and make an estimation of the bottom hole pressure based on that and a model of the friction in the drill pipes.
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Roukema, Jochem Christiaan. "Mechanics and dynamics of drilling." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31059.
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This thesis presents the mathematical modeling of drilling mechanics and dynamics in order to
improve hole shape accuracy, optimize the drill tool geometry and drilling operations.
The thesis presents prediction of cutting forces, torque, power, vibrations and hole shape as a
function of drill edge geometry, work material dependent cutting coefficients, drill structure and
drilling conditions. The forces and torque are expressed as a function of chip load distribution
along the cutting edge and cutting force coefficients. As the drill rotates and thrusts into the material,
it experiences torsional, lateral and axial vibrations. The coordinates of the cutting edges,
which generate the cut surface, are predicted by applying cutting forces and torque on the drill's
structural dynamic model. The generated surface is digitized, and the chip distribution along the
flute is calculated by subtracting it from the surface generated by the previous flute. Hence, the
exact model of drilling kinematics and structural dynamics are considered, which leads to integrated
simulation of static, dynamic and regenerative chatter vibrations of the drilling process and
generated hole surface. The model is also used to investigate the mechanism of whirling vibrations
and the hole wall formation by imposing commonly observed whirling motion on the drill.
The simulation shows good similarity with experimentally measured cutting forces and hole
geometries.
Although it is computationally costly, the numerical model of the drilling process considers the
full physical model with true kinematics, dynamics and nonlinearities such as cutting coefficients
and tool jumping out of cut due to excessive vibrations. As an alternative, an analytical frequency
domain stability analysis for drilling is proposed for efficient generation of stability charts. The
stability lobes predicted by the numerical and linear frequency domain models agreed well.
Although the models agreed well with the experimental results published in the literature, a significant discrepancy is observed at practical drilling speeds where the high frequency modes of
the drill led to chatter. It is shown that the unmodeled rubbing of the drill's flank with the wavy
surface finish and chisel edge contact, i.e. process damping, remains a fundamental challenge in
further research.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Tangen, Espen Håbet. "Slender well drilling and completion." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19624.
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Slender well drilling is a method that drills smaller holes and is more economical than conventional drilling due to the use of smaller equipment and rigs. Using the different tools for drilling slender wells, such as expandable reamers and expandable liners means that very deep wells can be drilled. If unexpected problems such as lost circulation or over pressured zones are faced, an expandable liner can be set. This type of solution imply very little or non- loss in diameter of the section. Reducing the amount of drill cuttings, steel, mud and cement means that less storage space is needed on the rig. Less storage needs means that a smaller and lower cost rig can be used. Using smaller equipment will also reduce the risk of the operations because the equipment is easier to handle during drilling and lifting operations. Avoiding the largest hole sizes and drilling more holes in the optimum range for ROP will reduce drilling time. There can also be some disadvantages with drilling slender wells. The equipment will be weaker if small holes are drilled, this is due to the small size of the equipment. In addition to this, hole cleaning can be a problem if mostly liners are used in the well and the well thereby have an upper sections with diameter that is significantly larger than the lower sections, since this will cause a large difference in the annular velocity of mud. The main objective with the thesis is to investigate the potential of using slender wells for exploration and production, as well as giving an overview of slender wells and how they are drilled. The work includes well construction, casing design and hydraulic calculations. The slender well designs are then to be compared with the conventional well design by looking at material savings. Pressure data from a high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) field in the North Sea was used. One of the objectives was to design a slender exploration well for 15 000 psi pressure rating. In addition to this a slender exploration well and a slender production well were designed using a water depth of 360 m. Based in the investigation slender well designs are feasible. The slender exploration wells are drilled in 5 sections, using a riser with an ID of 8 5/8” and an 11” wellhead (WH) and BOP. A 20” conductor casing is set, followed by an 11 3/4” surface casing with an 8 5/8” PIL. Then a 7” liner is set, before the well is drilled through the reservoir using a 5 7/8” drill bit. In the slender production well, an extra casing point is added to the well compared to the conventional well design, this allows more complicated wells to be drilled, or to cope with unexpected drilling problems. For drilling the slender exploration well, a riser with an ID of 12 1/2" is used together with an 11” WH and BOP. The surface casing has a diameter of 20”, followed by a 14” surface casing with a 10 3/4” PIL. An 8 5/8” liner is set below the 10 3/4" PIL. To maintain pressure integrity we install an 8 5/8 x 6 5/8” casing in the next section to isolate the liners, before the well is drilled to target depth (TD) where a 4 1/2" liner is set. The volume of drill cuttings from drilling the slender exploration well was reduced by 61,1 % compared to the conventional well. For the slender production well, the reduction was 53,5 %. The volume of steel for casings and liners in the well was reduced by 59,1 % for the exploration well and 20,1 % for the production compared to conventional well design. The mud volume needed in the well was reduced by 53,2 % for the slender exploration well compared to the conventional well, for the slender exploration well, the reduction in mud volume was 45,2 %. Further focus should be on well completion equipment for 15K pressure rating. This include expandable liner hanger, wellhead, BOP etc. A comparison of equipment for 10K versus 15K would have been of interest. Another important aspect is the time and cost saving from drilling slender wells.
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Hollensteiner, Erwin. "Drilling attitude determination and control." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555799.
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This thesis is concerned with the development of a new robust and efficient real time signal processing algorithm for a rotating strapdown inertial navigation system (INS). Although the signal processing in INS is dominated by the Kalman filter algorithm, often this algorithm is not feasible for small microcontroller or digital signal processor (DSP) applications. This thesis develops a new fixed point DSP algorithm for cal- culating the optimal estimate of orientation of the INS. In this thesis Kalman filter algorithms in INS are discussed. A filter algorithm for a rotating inertial navigation system is developed. The discussed navigation system is part of an oil drilling tool. The theoretical work is verified by a set of experiments and field tests. The experi- mental results have shown that the required attitude measurement accuracy can be achieved. It has been shown that it is possible to control the attitude for a directional drilling tool.
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Artiola, Janick. "Well Drilling and Pump Replacement." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298297.
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Video is available on the UofAZCALS YouTube channel.Arizona private well owners are responsible for their well water quality. This video shows where to collect water samples and describes the sample collection process in detail for the analysis of contaminants to insure unbiased results.
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Fasheloum, Mohammed. "Investigation of drilling parameters indicators." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11885/.
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The factors which influence the performance characteristics of diamond impregnated core bits and roller cone bits are examined, and actual field drilling data are analysed to determine these factors. Methods for selecting the appropriate bit type for optimised drilling are also highlighted. The importance of core drilling to the exploration and exploitation of the earth's natural resources and to the integrity of engineering structures is highlighted. An investigation of the slim hole continuous core drilling system and its application in the oil and gas exploration is analysed. The highly successful integration of oilfield, mining and geotechnical exploration technologies in a special investigation programme includes several elements which are important in the application of slim hole methods for oil and gas exploration are analysed. Many of the technical issues associated with a slim hole approach have been addressed in the development and application of the drilling, and coring equipment and systems. The project has given an opportunity to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages, merits and limitations for applying different drilling and associated technologies for deep hole construction to safety.
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Pitt, Martin John. "Vibratory screening of drilling fluids." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10642.
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Gao, Wei. "Development and application of drilling process monitoring methodology for hydraulic rotary drilling in ground investigation." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508993.
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Camallanqui-Alborque, C., G. Quispe, and C. Raymundo-Ibañeez. "Controlled Trim-Blasting Model to Improve Stability and Reduce Vibrations at a Production Gallery of the San Ignacio de Morococha S.A.A. Mining Company." IOP Publishing Ltd, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656296.
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This paper presents a blasting method called controlled trim blasting, in which the rock mass of an unstable gallery where high levels of vibration have been detected is analyzed. This methodology comprises a drilling mesh with two-contour gallery assessment, producing its drilling machines and determining the type of explosive used and burden and spacing, which will be detonated after the internal blasting. Further, the internal blasting will possess its drilling machines, burden, spacing, and a second type of explosive. The separation of the gallery into smaller parts will improve the blasting, as verified in the recorded simulation. In addition, the rock-mass stability improves because the explosives used in the perimeter of the gallery are low-power with mild detonation pressure, which does not generate high levels of vibration. This is a practical and efficient method in areas where the rock mass is not good or there is a mixture of rock types.
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Tamura, Mariana Tiemi. "An assessment of the drilling process employed by the hole-drilling method for residual stress measurements." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/167751.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2016.Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T04:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 339489.pdf: 89627893 bytes, checksum: 27264112985d98d934df23ec5f7ae7d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
Abstract: Predictive maintenance is important to prevent catastrophic accidents inoil and gas distribution networks, since failures in pipelines and other mechanical components may lead to serious economic and environmental consequences. A possible approach to perform predictive maintenance isto monitor periodically loads that act on these structures. This task can becarried out through the Hole-Drilling Method to measure residual stresses,a consolidated semi-destructive technique for both in-field and in-lab applications. Standardised by ASTM E837 - 13a, this method is based on ablind hole drilling that relieves local stresses; the stress relief that occurs after material removal induces a microstructure reorganization, settling the material in a new equilibrium state after producing strains on the hole surrounding surface. These strains are related to the stresses that caused them according to Hooke's law in linearly elastic isotropic materials. The measurement result provided by this technique is intrinsically sensitive to the drilling process and produced hole characteristics, since machining induced residual stresses can mislead the true stress value. Besides, the hole geometry may differ significantly from the model recommended by the standard, provoking further errors in stress calculation. This work aims to investigate a cutting tool and cutting parameters combination that presents the best performance for residual stress measurements through the Hole-Drilling Method from two perspectives: machining and Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry application to measure strains. Two square end mills (two and four flutes) with TiAlN coating were used to drill the following workpiece materials: aluminium alloy AA 6061, carbon steel AISI 1020 and stainless steel AISI 304L. Chip and burr formation are investigated in preliminary analysis concerning the optical technique application since the seelements can cause loss of correlation and produce unreliable data. Rotational speed and feed rates effects on machining induced residual stresses are analysed through analysis of variance. Chip analysis is performed to assess qualitatively plastic deformation suffered during the process. This information are complemented with microhardness measurements to verify microstructural changes caused by the drilling process. Four-flute end mill presented lower machining induced residual stress absolute values. Particularly, the cutting tool and cutting parameters combination yielded satisfactory results when drilling AA 6061 and AISI 1020. However, AISI304L presented highly compressive machining induced residual stresses for almost all conditions. The most influential cutting parameter on machining induced residual stress introduction was the feed rate in the majority of the tested conditions.
A manutenção preditiva tem um papel importante na prevenção de acidentes catastróficos em redes de distribuição de petróleo e gás, uma vez que falhas em dutos e componentes mecânicos integrantes destas malhas podem trazer graves consequências econômicas e ambientais. Um dos procedimentos usados para tal fim é o monitoramento periódico dos esforços que atuam sobre estas estruturas; isto pode ser feito através do Método do Furo Cego para medição de tensões residuais, uma técnica semi-destrutiva consolidada tanto em aplicações em campo quanto em laboratórios. Este método, normatizado pela ASTM E837 - 13a, consiste na produção de um furo cego, o qual alivia tensões localizadas; o alívio proporcionado pela remoção de material provoca a reorganização da estrutura, a qual se acomoda em uma nova condição de equilíbrio, que se expressa em deslocamentos na superfície vizinha ao furo. Os deslocamentos estão associados às tensões que as provocaram através de lei de Hooke em materiais isotrópicos linearmente elásticos. O resultado de medição desta técnica é intrinsicamente susceptível à qualidade do processo de furação e do furo produzido, pois tensões induzidas pela usinagem podem mascarar o valor de tensão que sede seja conhecer, além de produzir características geométricas que diferem significativamente do modelo padronizado pela norma e podem provocar erros no cálculo das tensões. Este trabalho visa estudar uma combinação de parâmetros de corte e ferramenta que apresente o melhor desempenho para medição de tensões residuais através do Método do Furo Cego tanto do ponto de vista da usinagem quanto da aplicação da Interferometria speckle na medição dos deslocamentos. Duas fresas de topo reto (dois e quatro gumes) com revestimento de TiAlN foram utilizadas na furação de corpos de prova dos seguintes materiais: liga de alumínio AA 6061, aço carbono AISI 1020 e aço inoxidável AISI 304L. Formação de cavaco e rebarba são avaliados em análise preliminar quanto à utilização da técnica óptica para medição de deslocamentos, uma vez que podem provocar perda de correlação e inutilizar pontos de medição. Os efeitos da rotação e da velocidade de avanço na tensão residual induzida pela usinagem são analisados através de análise de variância. Análise do cavaco é usada para avaliar qualitativamente a deformação plástica sofrida durante o processo; estas informações são complementadas com medições de microdureza para verificar alterações na microestrutura causadas pela furação. Fresas de quatro gumes apresentaram menores valores absolutos de tensão residual induzidas pela usinagem. Em particular, a combinação de ferramenta e parâmetros de corte mostrou-se satisfatória no caso do AA 6061 e AISI 1020, no entanto para o AISI 304L foram encontrados valores de tensão residual induzidas pela usinagem de caráter bastante compressivo em quase todas as condições. Observou-se que o parâmetro de corte de maior influência na introdução de tensões residuais pela usinagem foi a velocidade de avanço na maioria das condições testadas.
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Martin, Matthew Daniel. "Managed pressure drilling techniques and tools." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3884.
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The economics of drilling offshore wells is important as we drill more wells
in deeper water. Drilling-related problems, including stuck pipe, lost circulation,
and excessive mud cost, show the need for better drilling technology. If we can
solve these problems, the economics of drilling the wells will improve, thus
enabling the industry to drill wells that were previously uneconomical. Managed
pressure drilling (MPD) is a new technology that enables a driller to more
precisely control annular pressures in the wellbore to prevent these drillingrelated
problems. This paper traces the history of MPD, showing how different
techniques can reduce drilling problems.
MPD improves the economics of drilling wells by reducing drilling
problems. Further economic studies are necessary to determine exactly how
much cost savings MPD can provide in certain situation. Furter research is also
necessary on the various MPD techniques to increase their effectiveness.
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Stamnes, Øyvind Nistad. "Nonlinear Estimation with Applications to Drilling." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12500.
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This thesis addresses the topic of nonlinear estimation and its applications. Particular emphasis is given to downhole pressure estimation for Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD), but due to the mathematical similarities of the two problems, velocity estimation for mechanical systems is also considered. The thesis consists of the following three parts:Part I of this thesis addresses the problem of pressure estimation for MPD systems. Over the last decade MPD has emerged as a tool for drilling offshore wells with tight pressure margins. Several technologies for MPD have been developed and this thesis focuses on the so called constant bottomhole pressure variation. This version of MPD aims at keeping the pressure at one location in the annulus section of a well constant by applying back-pressure through the use of a choke manifold at the rig. As the pressure profile in the well is not measured, a key element of any control system (manual or automatic) is some sort of estimation scheme for the pressure in the well. To aid in control design for MPD systems, and to solve the pressure estimation problem, a fit for purpose low order model has been developed. Using data from offshore wells, and dedicated experiments onshore, it is demonstrated that the model captures the dominant pressure dynamics. It is also demonstrated that a newly developed adaptive observer, combined with a recursive least squares parameter identification scheme, is able to predict the downhole pressure in the presence of significant parametric uncertainties. Part II of this thesis addresses the problem of adaptive observer design for a class of nonlinear systems including the drilling model. To estimate unmeasured states, in dynamical systems with parametric uncertainties, one can use adaptive observers. Furthermore, if the system is sufficiently (persistently) excited, adaptive observers can be used to identify uncertain parameters. The current state of the art in adaptive observer design does not cover the class of systems to which the drilling model belongs. Motivated by this, a method for adaptive observer design for this class of systems is developed. The method guarantees stability and convergence of the state estimate without requiring persistent excitation. Another weakness with the current state of the art is that existing Lyapunov based adaptive laws have poor parameter identification properties, and can be very hard to tune, when estimating more than one parameter. This motivated the developement of an adaptive observer design that uses multiple delayed observers to improve the convergence rate of the estimation scheme, at the cost of an increased computational burden. In particular, explicit lower bounds on the convergence rate of the state and parameter estimation error are given, and, if the original non-adaptive observer has tunable convergence rate, the redesigned adaptive observer will have tunable convergence rate as well. Part III of this thesis addresses the topic of observer-based output feedback control of general Euler-Lagrange systems. The design of a globally stabilizing output (position) feedback tracking controller for general Euler-Lagrange systems has been an active field of research for at least two decades. Still, it was not until recently that a globally convergent velocity observer was developed. In part III of this thesis a significant obstacle in the development of a constructive observer design is removed yielding a constructive speed observer design with global performance guarantees. In addition, a separation principle is proven, guaranteeing global stability and convergence when the observer is used in conjunction with certain types of certainty equivalence controllers. To the best of the authors knowledge this represents the first observer-based output feedback tracking control solution that guarantees a global region of attraction for general Euler-Lagrange systems.
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Davidson, Sean R. H. "Heat transfer in bone during drilling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ46070.pdf.
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Zhang, Zhiwei. "Modelling of ultrasonically assisted micro drilling." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6918.
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Micro drilling has been applied in the interconnection and precision manufacturing industries extensively. As a promising machining technique, Ultrasonically Assisted Drilling (UAD) has become increasingly popular in both academia and industry in recent years. In this thesis, modelling techniques and experiments for Ultrasonically Assisted Micro Drilling (UAMD) are investigated. Representative work on modelling of micro drills and UAD has been documented and categorised. Existing gaps in the literature are identified and the aims of this research are formulated. Using the Finite Element (FE) technique, a hybrid model is developed to realise modelling for the whole drill bit without compromising the computation efficiency, even when the drill has a complicated geometry (small diameter flute, multiple step shanks, etc). A specific drill model (Φ0.3 mm diameter, 2 step shanks) is chosen for a case study in order to evaluate the model. The hybrid tool shows sufficiently accurate results and impressive computation efficiency in the evaluation. For vibration modelling, force modelling and experimental work, a standard Φ1 mm drill with 1 step shank is used across the chapters. First of all, FE analysis is conducted on the whole drill and normal modes are solved with boundary condition as fixed simply supported. A 2 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) model is then built considering rotation and the ultrasonic excitation to solve the transverse vibration with boundary conditions consistent with the FE model. The asymmetric geometric characteristics of the drill bit are taken account of through using the first two fundamental modes in the FE model. Potential parametric resonances are discussed in the numerical simulation. Other vibration characteristics are also discussed with varying parameters such as ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic amplitude and rotational speed. In order to extend the vibration model, a nonlinear thrust force model has been developed for incorporation into the 2 DOF model. The force model considers ultrasonic parameters, feed rate, material properties and the nonlinearity of the UAMD process. Force reduction during the UAMD process is explained qualitatively with the model and a full range of feed rates have been simulated to study their effect on the force reduction. The limitations of this model have also been explained. A high speed UAMD system was designed to examine the effects of key parameters. Experiments with different ultrasonic frequencies, amplitudes and rotational speeds were conducted and the influences of these parameters on thrust force were investigated. With the thrust force data from these experiments, a correlation study to the simulation results based on the force model is carried out. The study identifies the limitations on the current one dimensional force model and leads to recommendations for the further development of the force model. Further work is identified for both modelling and experiments, and the present models can be expanded to suit the research and development of UAMD techniques.
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Ng, Gary K. L. "Quality control in laser percussion drilling." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488033.
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李英傑 and Ying-kit Li. "Management of radon in tunnel drilling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255231.
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Rowsell, Philip J. "The automatic optimisation of drilling performance." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11909/.
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The drilling industry, along with many others, is becoming increasingly competitive, demanding greater efforts to improve safety and reduce costs. For this reason, companies are progressively looking towards computerised automation to enhance performance. Unlike most industries however, the drilling industry has been slow to take advantage of the advances in computer and automation technology. Only recently have automatic operations such as tubular handling been placed under computer control. These activities relate to peripheral mechanical handling problems which are relatively easy to solve. The concept of an automatic intelligent drill, capable of making its own or assisted decisions about drilling parameters such as weight on bit or rotational speed, may seem remote and far into the future. Research in drilling automation, at the University of Nottingham, has the ultimate objective of achieving computerized drill control through the the application of an intelligent knowledge induction system. At the University, a laboratory rig has been developed with such a system installed. Decisions for optimal performance are based on either maximum penetration or minimum cost drilling. The system has a self-learning capability, allowing a progressive improvement in performance. The prototype system is currently undergoing trials, using real data collected while the laboratory rig is drilling and artificial data. The results are very encouraging and demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of optimised drill performance. This thesis describes the design and development of this drill optimisation scheme produced by the author. Both the theory behind the optimisation system, and the results of the initial phase of Laboratory testing are included.
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Gardelin, Sara, and Madeleine Odebring. "Development of a Multi-Drilling Device." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-182904.
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Täby Brandskyddsteknik AB is a company that provides a service of fire-proofing tunnels by mounting fire-protection boards to the walls and the ceiling of the tunnel. The installation is done by drilling holes through the board and into the concrete and then hammering bolts into these holes. To reach the ceiling the installers use a scissor-lift. The drilling phase of the installation process is very strenuous work and entails vibrations from the hammer drill and a work posture with the hands raised above the shoulders. To lessen the strain on the installers and to reduce the installation time a multi-drilling device was developed. The device contains six attached hammer drills which are raised to the ceiling by six individual pneumatic cylinders that also provide the required drilling force. It is manoeuvred on an “X”-shaped base with four lockable wheels and contains a winch solution for height adjustment relative to the tunnel ceiling. An economical gain is also made by the company since the multi-drilling device replaces one of the three installers in terms of work. The device is adjustable for only the slimmer boards used by Täby Brandskyddsteknik AB since the larger boards are too heavy for only two persons to lift. The total weight of the device is approximately that of an average male and the device is solely designed after male height measurements since Täby Brandskyddsteknik AB currently does not have any female installers employed. The drilling depth is set with a simple manual adjustment and the upper part with the drill units can be angled to suit the slope of the ceiling with another manual adjustment. The multi-drilling device will only be used by the company’s installers and will therefore only be produced in a very low scale. Simplicity of the construction solutions and the use of standard components were favoured to provide easy manufacture and repair in-house. The process of the project consisted of an extensive background research including literature studies and observations of the installation work, idea generation with brainstorming, concept evaluation and development of the final concept. The project was concluded with the manufacture of a prototype of the final concept. Due to the time limitation of this project only parts of the prototype could be tested which means that there are very little basis for an evaluation of the functions and benefits of the multi-drilling device. This report also includes suggestions for further development of the device.Täby Brandskyddsteknik AB är ett företag som tillhandahåller tjänsten att brandsäkra tunnlar genom att montera brandskyddsskivor på väggarna och i taket på tunneln. Installationen görs genom att borra hål igenom skivorna och in i betongen och sedan slå bultar i dessa hål. För att nå taket använder installatörerna en saxlift. Borrfasen av installationsprocessen är ett ansträngande arbete och medför vibrationer från slagborren och en arbetsställning med händerna lyfta ovanför axelhöjd. För att minska belastningen på installatörerna och för att minska installationstiden utvecklades en multiborranordning. Anordningen består av sex fastsatta slagborrar vilka höjs till taket av sex individuella pneumatiska cylindrar som även ger den krävda borrkraften. Den manövreras på en “X”-formad bas med fyra låsbara hjul och innehåller en vinschlösning för höjdjustering relativt tunneltaket. Företaget gör även en ekonomisk vinst eftersom multiborranordningen ersätter en av de tre installatörerna med avseende på arbete. Anordningen är justerbar för endast de smalare skivorna som används av Täby Brandskyddsteknik AB eftersom de större skivorna är för tunga för endast två personer att lyfta. Den totala vikten av anordningen är den samma som hos en genomsnittlig man och anordningen är enbart designad efter manliga höjdmått eftersom Täby Brandskyddsteknik AB för tillfället inte har några kvinnliga installatörer anställda. Borrdjupet ställs in med en enkel manuell justering och den övre delen med borrenheterna kan vinklas för att passa takets lutning med en annan manuell justering. Multiborranordningen kommer endast användas av företagets installatörer och kommer därför endast produceras i väldigt liten skala. Enkla konstruktionslösningar och användandet av standardkomponenter gavs förmån för att förenkla tillverkning och reparation internt. Projektets process bestod av en omfattande bakgrundsundersökning med litteraturstudier och observationer av installationsarbetet, idégenerering med brainstorming, konceptutvärdering och utveckling av det slutgiltiga konceptet. Projektet avslutades med byggandet av en prototyp av det slutgiltiga konceptet. På grund av projektets tidsbegränsning testades endast delar av prototypen vilket ger en väldigt liten grund för en utvärdering av funktionerna och fördelarna med multiborranordningen. Den här rapporten innehåller även förslag på vidareutveckling av anordningen.
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Voisey, Kathleen Theresa O'Sullivan. "Laser drilling of metals and ceramics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272329.
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Miller, Duncan Edmund. "Rock Drilling with impregnated diamond microbits." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4962.
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A fully instrumented laboratory drilling rig was designed and used to drill a variety of rock types with impregnated diamond microbits. The rocks, selected to represent a wide range of properties, were characterised by optical petrography and by the measurement of uniaxial compressive strength and relative abrasion resistance. A computer controlled electronic data logging system was used to record the power consumption, the rotational velocity, the bit thrust, the torque and the penetration rate. Tests were conducted under set thrust and under set rate of advance conditions to determine the effect of varying the bit pressure, rotational velocity, diamond mesh size and concentration, and rock type on the dependent drilling variables of diamond wear, bit wear, rock fracture, torque, power consumption, penetration rate and reactive load. The drilling efficiency was monitored by calculating the specific energy of drilling from the power consumption corrected for the power losses in the machine and from the generated torque, the latter being more sensitive. The diamond wear on a used bit was evaluated under the optical microscope by classifying each exposed stone into one of ten wear categories. The rock fracture was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy of the drilled surfaces, and by particle size distribution analysis of the drilling detritus. On the basis of the results a performance model for impregnated diamond bit drilling was formulated in which a critical stress threshold per actively drilling diamond must be exceeded for steady drilling to take place with any specific combination of bit and rock type. The optimum drilling thrust at which the specific energy is at a minimum and the penetration rate at a maximum for a given rock and bit configuration, occurs marginally above the thrust required for all the exposed diamonds to be in contact with the rock. The effective bit pressure and the rock type characteristics are crucial determinants for diamond wear type development and hence for the drilling performance within the operating range. The transition from suboptimal to optimal drilling conditions has been described in terms of the characteristic diamond wear, the specific energy, and the coefficient of friction between the bit and the rock. The mechanism of diamond wear and rock fracture are discussed with reference to the results of the optical and (ii)) scanning electron microscopy of worn diamonds and the rock detritus. It is concluded that a variety of rock properties affects the drilling performance, sometimes unpredictably and that the realistic drilling of any specific rock is necessary to determine its resistance to drilling. The necessary approach is demonstrated in detail for a single rock type, norite, for which it is shown the transition takes place at a pressure of approximately 400 MPa per actively drilling stone irrespective of the diamond size or concentration. A discussion of rock drillability testing demonstrates that experimental drilling with microbits has a valid role in the realistic evaluation of drillability and in the study of the complex fracture and wear mechanisms that must be understood for the application and rational design of appropriate bits.
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Cole, Ian. "Mist Characterization in Drilling 1018 Steel." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149573/.
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Minimum quantity lubrication replaces the traditional method of flood cooling with small amounts of high-efficient lubrication. Limited studies have been performed to determine the characteristics of mist produced during MQL. This study investigated the mist concentration levels produced while drilling 1018 steel using a vegetable based lubricant. ANOVA was performed to determine whether speed and feed rates or their interactions have a significant effect on mist concentration levels and particle diameter. It was observed that the concentration levels obtained under all four speed and feed rate combinations studied exceeded the current OSHA and NIOSH standards.
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Åkerlund, Elin, Rebecka Havo, Åberg Jakob Jonsson, Patrik Österberg, and Mikael Fredriksson. "High Performance Steel for Percussive Drilling." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323387.
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Atlas Copco Secoroc AB are searching after new bulk materials for drill heads that are used in percussive drilling in order to improve their strength and durability. The aim of this project is to assist Atlas Copco in this search and provide them with further information regarding material properties, alloying elements, suppliers, etc. A literary study was carried out in order to identify materials that had UTS and KIC more than or equal to 1700 MPa and 70 MPa*m1/2, respectively. Materials that fulfilled these criteria were T250 grade maraging steel, Cobalt free maraging steel, High cobalt maraging steel, 300 grade maraging steel, AerMet 100, AF1410, S53, M54, 300M, 4340M and PremoMet. These were categorized into maraging steels, high alloy secondary hardened steels, and low alloy steels, and were then further researched. The material with the highest combination of UTS and KIC was M54 followed by AerMet 100; while AF1410 had the highest KIC but a low UTS, and PremoMet had the highest UTS but a low KIC. Maraging steels and HASH steels have a similar price range, while low alloy steels are much cheaper.
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Åkerlund, Elin, Åberg Jakob Jonsson, Patrik Österberg, Rebecka Havo, and Mikael Fredriksson. "High Performance Steel for Percussive Drilling." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323808.
Full textAbstract:
Atlas Copco Secoroc AB are searching after new bulk materials for drill heads that are used in percussive drilling in order to improve their strength and durability. The aim of this project is to assist Atlas Copco in this search and provide them with further information regarding material properties, alloying elements, suppliers, etc. A literary study was carried out in order to identify materials that had UTS and KIC more than or equal to 1700 MPa and 70 MPa*m^1/2, respectively. Materials that fulfilled these criteria were T250 grade maraging steel, Cobalt free maraging steel, High cobalt maraging steel, 300 grade maraging steel, AerMet 100, AF1410, S53, M54, 300M, 4340M and PremoMet. These were categorized into maraging steels, high alloy secondary hardened steels, and low alloy steels, and were then further researched. The material with the highest combination of UTS and KIC was M54 followed by AerMet 100; while AF1410 had the highest KIC but a low UTS, and PremoMet had the highest UTS but a low KIC. Maraging steels and HASH steels have a similar price range, while low alloy steels are much cheaper.
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Li, Ying-kit. "Management of radon in tunnel drilling /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2543892x.
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DeSilva, Sirilath. "Transient axisymmetric model for laser drilling." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289927.
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A transient axisymmetric model is developed to study the laser drilling phenomenon. Governing equations are the transient axisymmetric 3-D heat conduction equation for the solid substrate and for the liquid molten part, the thin layer model (TLM) equations are utilized. Boundary element method (BEM) is used for the region encompassing the moving boundary and finite difference method (FDM) is utilized for the remainder. BEM and FDM are coupled using flux and temperature at their interface. TLM is obtained using simplified free surface, mass, momentum and energy equations in body intrinsic coordinates. They are simplified by integrating across the layer using profiles for velocity and temperature thus obtaining a 1-D transient hyperbolic system. This is solved by a space-time flux conservation method. The TLM is coupled to the BEM-FDM by the common interface matching conditions. The constitutive equations governing laser interaction with material are used at the liquid-vapor interface.
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Williams, A. Lynn. "Implementing intervention with fidelity: Drilling down." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2014.
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McLaughlin, Jim. "ORTHOPEDIC DRILLING & THERMAL INJURY ANALYSIS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/512272.
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Mechanical EngineeringM.S.M.E.
In orthopedic surgery, fixation pins are used to provide stability of bone segments to ensure proper healing. The drilling process to implant these pins can generate a considerable amount of heat. Raising the temperature of bone tissue above 47°C for a prolonged amount of time can cause cell death in a process called thermal osteonecrosis. Should bone tissue surrounding implants like fixation pins die and begin to break-down, the stability of said implants becomes at risk for failure. The failure of a surgical implant can be costly, resulting in additional surgery for repairs and prolonged recovery time. Reducing the amount of heat generated during drilling can greatly lessen the potential for thermal injury. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying drilling parameters on heat generation, namely examining if internal temperatures be reduced by varying the rotational velocity and feed rate in orthopedic drilling, and thus reduce the probability of thermal osteonecrosis. Experiments were performed comparing combinations of feed rates and spindle speeds for the drilling process parameters, specifically feed rates of 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 9.0, and 12.0 mm⁄s and spindle speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm. The tests used traditional smooth-shaft fixation pins, with trocar tips, that were drilled into 20 PCF synthetic bone. A Flir T440 infrared camera was used to record thermal video of the drilling process. Data acquired from the infrared camera shows that lower spindle speeds resulted in lower maximum temperatures while varying feed rates had only a moderate effect. With these results orthopedic drilling can be optimized for reduced heat generation and the prevention of thermal osteonecrosis.
Temple University--Theses
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Zarif, Karimi Navid <1988>. "Analysis of drilling of composite laminates." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8503/1/ANALYSIS%20OF%20DRILLING%20OF%20COMPOSITE%20LAMINATES.pdf.
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This dissertation deals with the characterization, modeling, and monitoring of drilling process of composite materials through various experimental and analytical investigations.
Analytical models were developed which predicts critical thrust force and feed rate above which the delamination crack begins to propagate in the drilling of multi-directional laminated composites. The delamination zone was modeled as a circular plate, with clamped edge and subjected to different load profiles. Based on fracture mechanics, classical laminate theory and orthogonal cutting mechanics, expressions were obtained for critical thrusts and feed rates at different ply locations. The proposed models have been verified by experiments and compared with the existing models. It was found that the new developed models provide more accurate and rigorous results than the formers.
Quality of holes and drilling-induced damage when drilling fiber reinforced composite laminates were experimentally studied. Several quality responses were measured as indices of drilling performance, including thrust force, delamination size, residual compression strength, and flexural strength. Effects of key drilling parameters on these responses were statistically analyzed, and optimal drilling conditions for high performance and free-damage drilling were identified. Experimental results revealed that the choice of drilling conditions are critical to hole performance especially when these materials are subjected to structural loads.
An experimental study of acoustic emission as a tool for in-process monitoring and nondestructive evaluation of drilling of composites was conducted. Acoustic emission was used to examine the relationship between signal response and drilling induced damages. A procedure for discrimination and identification of different damage mechanisms was presented utilizing different signal analysis tools. Based on the results, frequency distribution and energy percentage of most important damage mechanisms occurring during drilling were determined. It was concluded that acoustic emission has a great potential for the application of online monitoring and damage characterization in the drilling of composite structures.
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Campos, Wellington. "Mechanistic modeling of cuttings transport in directional wells /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1995. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9527819.
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Becker, Thomas Edward. "Correlations for drill-cuttings transport in directional-well drilling /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1987. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8712608.
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菅原純 and Jun Sugawara. "Development and applications of a drilling process monitoring system for pneumatic drills." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30409184.
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Allan, Peter Gerard. "Development of a self-boring pressuremeter for the in situ testing of weak rocks." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238944.
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Sugawara, Jun. "Development and applications of a drilling process monitoring system for pneumatic drills /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25139460.
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Maolin, Liao. "Dynamic methods of stiffness identification in impacting systems for rotary-percussive drilling applications." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230156.
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Stiffness identification of an impacted constraint is the main issue discussed in this thesis. Primarily, a change of stability (bifurcation) is used to determine the dynamical stiffness of an impacted beam for a piecewise-linear impact oscillator. Detailed one- and two-parameter bifurcation analyses of this impacting system are carried out by means of experiments and numerical methods. Particularly, the two-parameter numerical continuation of the obtained codimension-one bifurcation (period-doubling bifurcation, or fold bifurcation) indicates a strong monotonic correlation between the stiffness of the impacted beam and the frequency at which this bifurcation appears. In addition to the bifurcation techniques, another method for stiffness identification is analysis of impact duration. To accurately detect impact durations from numerical or experimental signals, nonlinear time series methods are utilised. Two impacting systems, including the piecewise-linear impact oscillator and a drillbit-rock vibro-impact system, are studied to demonstrate this proposed method. For either system, the impact duration is relatively constant when the response of oscillator is a period-one one-impact motion, and it is approximated as a half of the natural period of the oscillator-constraint system. When the mass of oscillator is constant, for an impacted constraint with a certain stiffness, the higher the stiffness, the lower the impact duration. This monotonic correlation provides another mechanism to estimate the stiffness of the impacted constraint. Based on the developed two dynamical methods for stiffness identification, a control algorithm for parameter adjustment of the axial vibration for rotary-percussive drilling applications is designed. This control algorithm aims to maintain the optimal drilling state under the varying formations. By this way, the efficiency of rotary-percussive drilling is expected to be promoted.
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Wang, Hong. "Near wellbore stress analysis for wellbore strengthening." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338926861&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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