Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drawing lessons'

Stakeholder analysis (SHA) is an important tool in policy analysis, used to understand the actors who are affected by or have an effect on a particular policy. Its implementation spans a variety of sectors from government to corporate, and conservation to health. The widespread application of SHA naturally causes some confusion with regards to terminology and methodology, but also serves as an opportunity for cross-sectoral and cross-discipline learning. This mini-dissertation discusses methods used to conduct stakeholder analyses (SHAs). It presents, first, the results of a broad scoping review investigating SHA methods described in 28 articles outside the health sector spanning low, middle and high income geographical regions. This scoping review, together with the seminal Varvasovszky and Brugha (2000) health policy SHA guide is, second, used to inform a systematic review – that entails a more critical assessment of the application of SHA across 21 articles addressing the use of SHAs within health policy analysis work undertaken within low to middle income country (LMIC) settings. A variety of methodological approaches to SHAs are used outside of the health sector, including creative ways to generate information in collaboration with SHs, as well as to present SHA findings. Future health policy analysts and researchers would do well to look outside the health sector for more creative and participative data collection and presentation approaches. Notwithstanding the widespread citing of Varvasovsky and Brugha (2000) across health policy SHAs, many of the articles were found wanting in their reflection on key issues presented by Varvasovsky and Brugha (2000). Health policy SH analysts and researchers should consider the use of a two- step SH identification strategy in order to include a greater variety of SHs; offer reflection on their own role within the process of focus and the potential impact of this on the analysis; as well as expand on how context is accounted for in the SHA process, rather than just describing it.

The thesis sets out to evaluate the use of Causal Networks as a methodology and as a means of highlighting the problems associated with tourism in peripheral areas. Once these problems were identified through this process, the research findings are related to established literature and Lesson Drawing is evaluated as a means of comparative analysis. In attempting to utilise both Causal Networks and Lesson Drawing, three regions within Scotland were chosen as case studies. It was hoped that the selection of three regions within the same geographical propinquity would allow for Lessons to be both, imported and exported, from within the regions. The three regions chosen were Grampian; Inverness and Nairn; and Ross and Cromarty. An extensive literature search was conducted in an attempt to establish facts salient to the regions and primary research was carried out in all three regions. The primary research involved the use of an interview questionnaire. The respondents were all involved in tourism provision in one of the three case study regions. The interview data was collated and input onto conceptually clustered matrices. Causal Networks were constructed and analysed for each individual interview and for cognate groups and regions. Some tentative conclusions were drawn as a result of constructing the Causal Networks. These Causal Networks segmented the respondents into representative groups based on their functions or locations, for example commercial and non-commercial sector respondents or Grampian and Aberdeen City regional sector respondents. Using the Causal Networks opportunities for drawing lessons between the regions were highlighted. Finally, the effectiveness of both Casual Networks and Lesson Drawing methodologies were assessed in terms of their applicability for tourism provision in peripheral areas.

The focus of this thesis is on the problematic aspects of directors’ loyalty to their companies under Iraqi law. This issue belongs to one of the most complex areas of company law, because it relates to the fallibility of human nature and a director’s temptation to put his personal interests ahead of the company's interests. A comparison with English law is undertaken, with an emphasis on recent developments, particularly the English Companies Act of 2006. This comparison is aimed at identifying defects in Iraqi law and providing solutions to problems arising from the incoherence of Iraqi legislation and its lack of a fiduciary doctrine. In order to achieve this goal, this thesis focuses on certain managerial duties: the duty to act in the company’s interests; the duty to avoid conflicts of interest; and the director’s duty to declare his interest in transactions, as well as the enforcement of these duties. The author of this thesis argues that in Iraqi law there are several legislative loopholes and contradictions with regard to addressing the problems of a director’s divided loyalty. The main shortcoming is ascribed to the absence of a unifying conceptual underpinning of managerial duty within Iraqi legislation. This contrasts with the situation in English law, in which the fiduciary doctrine underpinning managerial duty operates to protect the company (as a vulnerable person) from certain aspects of a director’s self-interest and dishonesty by imposing strict duties relating to any eventuality in which the director might be swayed by personal interests rather than his duty. The plurality of legislation dealing with managerial duties is a further challenge facing Iraqi law, and such a situation often leads to a conflict between the rules governing this area. The above shortcomings in Iraqi law inevitably affect its unity and its coherence, and limit its capability to address certain fundamental aspects of director’s misbehaviour. This thesis demonstrates that addressing the problems of the divided loyalties of directors under Iraqi law should take the form of a comprehensive systematic overhaul of Iraqi Company Law. This reform should take into account the necessity of transplanting certain aspects of U.K. fiduciary duties into Iraqi law, particularly the concept of fiduciary duty, in order to provide a clear guide, not only to the courts when they apply and interpret the law, but also to the director himself and other practitioners.

This thesis investigates how external sources inform and impact Somaliland’s national teacher education policy making processes. In this research, external factor is mainly constituted by INGOs that are helping Somaliland’s education and teacher education re-construction which are considered to be part of wider global-national interactions. The conceptual frameworks of policy making processes, policy transfer, lesson drawing and policy learning are used to develop the theoretical perspectives that inform the research question. Constructivist’s qualitative research approach which utilises critical discourse analysis as the principle methodology has been used to gain an understanding of the discursive construction of meaning about Somaliland’s education reforms and analyse the discourses of teacher education and teacher professionalism that are evident in three contemporary education reform policy documents and interview data. This thesis considered policy making processes as a contested, dynamic and multidimensional phenomena and has acknowledged the centrality of power and resources in policy making processes. The analysis of the research data constructed Somaliland’s education reforms as a discourse of human capital. This had implications for the strategies for managing change, quality and improvement perception, and reconceptualisations of teacher education and teacher professionalism. The thesis concludes with concerns about the contextual visibility to implement the new discourses of education and teacher education and calls for increased policy learning, capacity building, resource increase and modernisation of institutions as well as change of the culture of work.

This thesis examines the public policy process. It explores the role of and relation between three concepts considered important in defining and shaping the making of policies: policy networks, evidence-use and policy transfer. It does this through examining a high profile and controversial area of public policy: the debate about sex offender community notification that resulted from the abduction and murder of eight-year-old Sarah Payne by a convicted sex offender in the summer of 2000. A case study methodology is employed, which includes interviews with key players and extensive documentary analysis. The study finds that none of the main concepts for understanding policy networks - iron triangles, issue networks, policy communities and advocacy coalitions - provide sufficient characterisation of the policy network involved in the 2000 community notification debate. Areas that these concepts do not fully address include the degree of choice participants have in getting involved in a policy network, the causes and processes of alliance building between network participants and the importance, characteristics and impact of organisational as well as personal links. Practitioner knowledge emerges as a major influence in policy making with different forms of evidence entering the policy debate in a strategic way - that is to support an argument. Factors that explain the influence of research evidence are its comprehensiveness, its perceived value for future policy debates on the same topic and the assumed integrity of the evidence-provider. The existing concept of lesson-drawing is found to focus too much on cases in which policy transfer has taken place. It is necessary to develop the concept further to explain situations in which lessons are drawn but where the idea of transferring a policy is dismissed. Finally, lesson-drawing is not limited to the substance of policies and practices but also includes lessons about tactics and processes.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-118).
Since the 1979 Open Door policy, there have been the tensions between the illusion of far reaching advancement and the reality that basic provisions are scarce. Reflected in modem shopping designs in Beijing, this phenomenon places constraints on designers who are forced to focus on financial returns, rather than civic or cultural benefits. A number of modem shopping centers have been designed with no regard for the precious urban and architectural characteristics of Beijing's shopping tradition. Thus, Beijing's unique cultural and social shopping experience is facing a slow but steady demise. After criticizing some of the aspects in current modem shopping center designs in Beijing, I will argue in this thesis that the solution to the discussed problems is to integrate traditional shopping culture continuity with modem retail requirements. I use the Beijing's Da Shi-La Traditional Shopping District as a primary case to comprehensively examine the urban and architectural essence of the Beijing merchandising tradition. Following the case analysis, I will recommend seven design principles which aim to guide the design of modem shopping centers in the city. These principles encompass the cultural environment, relation to traffic and access, mix of businesses, retail space for small to large businesses, architectural elements, public space, and individuality. The final part of the study includes a preliminary design proposal for Fang Zhuang New Shopping Center in Fang Zhuang, Beijing. The schematic design systematically illustrates an application of the seven design principles in an urban context.
by Qian Wang.
M.S.

The study of policy transfer has seen remarkable developments and received considerable attention in developed countries, but it has so far been ignored in the context of Libya. Thus, this research will fill a gap in the literature and further understanding of the topic of policy transfer, not only in relation to Libya but developing countries in general. This thesis aims at providing a comprehensive and systematic picture of the public health care system in Libya and, at the same time, to learn lessons from the UAE which can be transferred to the Libyan context in order to achieve a more effective health service. At the theoretical level, this research depended on the assumption that lessons can be drawn from the UAE to help build the public health system in Libya. This was achieved through the application of the framework of policy transfer. In order to build a more complete picture in relation to the success or failure of the transfer, the path dependency approach was used to explain the importance of old trajectories or how past legacy can lead to “lock-in" or decrease the ability of the lesson-drawing. Empirically it examined the public health sector in Libya as its main case study, comparing it with the UAE. Qualitative data collection methods were used, including personal interviews and official documents. With this in mind, the research aims to understand the public health care systems in the two countries and, through comparative analysis, make suggestions as to what lessons can be learned. The findings reveal that many lessons can learned from the practices of the UAE public health policy. Such experiences would help to remove the problems in public health services in Libya as well as to facilitate improvement of policies and plans. However, there are two factors, namely the legacy of the past regime and state capacity, which may hinder the success of the transfer. Furthermore, political will held by policy makers, including a desire for modernization of the public sector, could facilitate the transfer of the suggested lessons.

Bibliography: leaves 262-283. This thesis examines whether economic rationalist policies, as implemented by Labor governments in Australia in the 1983-1996 period, are the key to achieving national competitive advantage, restructuring and employment growth. It is argued that, whilst the policies made some progress in this regard, more could have been achieved through the use of strategic industry policies. It is argued that the key weakness of the rationalist policies of the period is that of an uncritical faith in market forces to produce economic prosperity. Markets fail to produce competence in a range of crucial activities such as research and development, technology diffusion, work organisation, management, education and training, finance and export marketing. This thesis argues that strategic industry policies can foster national excellence in such capabilities, and so bring improvements in national competitive advantage, restructuring and employment growth, beyond that achievable by markets alone.

In this thesis, it is postulated that a discrete body of health care law (HCL) can potentially offer more benefits to patients by providing protection for their rights and improving healthcare delivery as a result of making healthcare professionals and workers more aware of their legal duties towards patients than is the case where a field of HCL is absent. The emergence of a discrete body of HCL in England and Wales has not received a great deal of attention in the academic literature; there has not, as of yet, been any thorough study of the questions of how and why this relatively new field of law emerged three decades ago. This thesis addresses this gap in the literature and explores those attractive elements of HCL in the law of England and Wales that may be emulated by a jurisdiction like Ghana, which is seeking to develop this field of the law. A combination of legal history and empirical legal research methodologies are deployed to unpack the development of HCL in England and Wales as a response to the quest for patient empowerment in healthcare and the need to recognise the voice of society in mediating ethical dilemmas generated by rapid advances in medicine. The characteristics of HCL and rationale for its emergence in England and Wales are used as a basis of comparison within a functional comparative analytical framework in order to explore the need for the development of HCL in Ghana, as well as any lessons that may be drawn from the former.

This research focuses on agencification and quangocratisation (AQ) through a comparison of the experiences of South Korea and the UK. Although a number of studies of AQ have been produced recently, these reforms remain inadequately understood. Since AQ involves the structural disaggregation of administrative units from existing departments, executive agencies and quangos have distinct characteristics which are quite different from ordinary core departments. There are a number of factors which influence these changes; and this thesis explores nine existing theories which are available to explain these phenomena. Case studies are presented of Tate Modern in the UK and the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (MMCA), which are carefully analysed to examine the validity of those nine arguments. Although cultural agencies, which show some unique features, have become increasingly an essential part of the national economy, they have scarcely been researched from the viewpoint of public policy. This thesis endeavours to explore distinctive characteristics of this policy area; and moreover, it examines the diverse variables which have an impact on policy formation and its results through the process of comparison of arguments. The major tasks of this thesis are to investigate the applicability of the nine arguments and to weigh their merits. As a corollary of this comprehensiveness, it examines the whole public sectors of both countries, in order to show the broader picture and to understand the processes of changes and their backgrounds. More profoundly, similarities and differences between both countries are compared from both macro and micro perspectives. At the same time, the results of AQ are analysed through the comparison of outputs or outcomes before and after these changes, with a view to exploring whether their rationales are appropriate. Furthermore, it also examines the institutional constraints which influence not only the change of agencies but also their performances. Besides which, it seeks to find strategies for overcoming these constraints. This thesis adopts systematic and comprehensive approaches regarding basic concepts and data. It draws on theories of comparative research, the scope of the public sector, the classification and analysis of agencies and quangos, and theories underlying the detailed components of each argument and epistemological assumptions. Therefore, it suggests various aspects which enable us to broaden our understanding of the changes within the public sector; and to generate practical understanding to inform real world reform.

In the theoretical part of the thesis it is explained the requirements of teaching aids. These tools are designed for children in grammar art schools and high schools of art. The work deals with the methods of teaching that are closely connected with teaching aids, e. g. senses of perception, description and examples of tools, mediation curriculum, teaching lessons a logical construction, etc. The result is a set of variable methodological tools following learned.

abstract: In 1997, developmental biologist Michael Richardson compared his research team's embryo photographs to Ernst Haeckel's 1874 embryo drawings and called Haeckel's work noncredible.Science soon published <“>Haeckel's Embryos: Fraud Rediscovered,<”> and Richardson's comments further reinvigorated criticism of Haeckel by others with articles in The American Biology Teacher, <“>Haeckel's Embryos and Evolution: Setting the Record Straight <”> and the New York Times, <“>Biology Text Illustrations more Fiction than Fact.<”> Meanwhile, others emphatically stated that the goal of comparative embryology was not to resurrect Haeckel's work. At the center of the controversy was Haeckel's no-longer-accepted idea of recapitulation. Haeckel believed that the development of an embryo revealed the adult stages of the organism's ancestors. Haeckel represented this idea with drawings of vertebrate embryos at similar developmental stages. This is Haeckel's embryo grid, the most common of all illustrations in biology textbooks. Yet, Haeckel's embryo grids are much more complex than any textbook explanation. I examined 240 high school biology textbooks, from 1907 to 2010, for embryo grids. I coded and categorized the grids according to accompanying discussion of (a) embryonic similarities (b) recapitulation, (c) common ancestors, and (d) evolution. The textbooks show changing narratives. Embryo grids gained prominence in the 1940s, and the trend continued until criticisms of Haeckel reemerged in the late 1990s, resulting in (a) grids with fewer organisms and developmental stages or (b) no grid at all. Discussion about embryos and evolution dropped significantly.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ed.D. Biology 2014

碩士
國立臺東大學
教育學系教學科技碩士班
99
This study is based on the theory of &auot;teachers as researchers&auot;, from teaching plans to teaching reflection , a process of circulating of action reseach is conducted. The study applies digital technology into the teaching of drawing composition and discusses problems encountered during the teaching process. Data was collected through photography, interviews, ranking of student

碩士
逢甲大學
財經法律研究所
93
In his influential work, the Wealth of nations, Adam Smith had noticed that the form of a company could lower the operational cost. However, corporate directors and managers sometimes run business for their own private interests, instead of basing on the best interest of the shareholders. There were two famous scholars (one is Adolf Berle, the other is Gariner Means) identifying and the need of protecting the interests of the shareholders phenomenon of the separation of ownership and control. Thereafter, many scholars have been developing a series of research regarding how to reduce “agency cost” problem. Because “passive shareholders” are pervasive in modern corporations, the research of corporate governance focus on corporate directors and managers effectively and prevent them from self-dealing etc. Owing to the Market for corporate control in the U.S, the research suggests that the only way to supervise managers effectively is to change shareholders’ role to be ”positive”. Under the trend of the globalization, the transactions between individual businessmen are no longer the major concern of business law. The competition between corporations took place proprietary ones. Moreover, the age of “enterprise groups” are emerging. So, the competitive model of corporations should be shifted from individual company governance to conglomerate governance. While discussing the control model of Japanese’ keiretsu, the start point is zaibatsu. It was the pioneer of the economic development in early Japan history. The family owned zaibatsu dominated numerous sectors of Japanese economy. It also brought Japan to the modern economy gateway. This thesis not only introduces how zaibatsu use political strategies to run business, but also discusses how the banks finance zaibatsu members. This thesis will describe human capital in Japanese zaibatsu family, which later play important roles in keiretsu system. Zaibatsu relied on banks finance their family members before the world war II. Many researchers try to find out why the intermediate organizations are popular in Japan, as contrasted with their American counterparts. The reason behind is “path dependence”. Therefore, the main bank could transfer market for corporate control to internal control. It solved the” information asymmetries” problem. The main banks play a positive and key role to monitor company managers. Initially, firms and financial institutions group together by way of cross-shareholdings and business relationships to try to avoid “hostile takeover” from foreign company. Today, the members of the keiretsu with marginal cross-shareholding (because of owning 1% to 3% shares each others) serve as stable shareholders to protect members from been taken over. Keiretsu also creates information exchange forum. In the long run, the keiretsu could operate efficiently to maximum all members benefit. On the other hand, the members of keiretsu facilitate efficiency. The cross shareholding mode makes the members to stand together to achieve the maximum interests. The infrastructure created by cross shareholding to achieve the goals of keiretsu. After the world war II, zaibatsu had been eliminated from the allied force. Former zaibatsu members used friendship party to keep a low key from allied force. It became an important headquarter of information, and it’s function like second board, even could be called a “soft board” Besides, the employee play an important role in Japanese corporate governance. By adopting the lifetime employment system, gradually employee become “company man”. The employee enjoy the same goal with corporations to generate the best interests of the corporations. Therefore, researchers discuss what is the nature of the best interests of the corporations? And who owns the corporation, employee or shareholders? Company law is enacted under the influences of Germany, Japan, and the U.S. In essence, Taiwan is often resemble to Japan. Researching Japanese corporate governance can help a lot, of course, and the most important is that finding a real active corporate governance mechanism in Taiwan. I believe Japanese corporate governance provides as a feasible model for our corporate reform.

Cette thèse porte sur l’introduction des politiques de transfert de revenu au Brésil. L’objectif central de la recherche est de comprendre comment ces politiques se sont imposées dans le cadre des réformes de la protection sociale brésilienne pendant les années 1990, notamment à partir de 1995 et comment elles ont engendré un changement paradigmatique de troisième ordre de la politique nationale d’assistance sociale. Nous posons deux hypothèses de recherche : la première est que l’introduction de telles politiques au Brésil fut le résultat du rôle historique des intellectuels engagés dans la défense du revenu minimum en tant qu’alternative au modèle de protection sociale brésilien. Cette défense du revenu minimum fut soutenue par des intellectuels, des communautés épistémiques et par des politiciens qui ont inscrit le débat sur le revenu minimum à l’agenda politique brésilien. La deuxième hypothèse suggère que la convergence d’idées, d’institutions et d’intérêts a favorisé l’adoption de ces politiques. Cette convergence d’idées, d’institutions et d’intérêts repose sur le rôle de plusieurs acteurs tels les intellectuels, le président Cardoso et d’autres politiciens qui se sont mis à la défense du social au Brésil depuis 1999, des institutions parlementaires brésiliennes et des organisations internationales, notamment le FMI, la Banque mondiale et la Banque interaméricaine de développement – BID. Nous proposons l’approche des trois i pour rendre compte de ce changement. L’apprentissage social, les processus de diffusion et de lesson-drawing sont les facteurs à l’origine de la formation de la convergence autour des programmes de transfert de revenu. Nous montrerons que l’expérience brésilienne de programmes de transfert de revenu a non seulement engendré un processus d’apprentissage social renversé auprès de la Banque Mondiale mais qu'elle a aussi eu un effet aussi sur les actions de la BID. Nous suggérons que le changement paradigmatique de la protection sociale brésilienne a été amorcé par le gouvernement Cardoso dans un processus d’essais et d’erreurs. Ce processus, qui est à l’origine des réaménagements du programme « Comunidade Solidária », a permis la création du « Projeto Alvorada » et du « Réseau de protection sociale » en 2001. Les programmes de transfert de revenu reliés à l’éducation et aux soins de santé ont été les plus influents dans la construction du consensus qui s’est établi autour des programmes de transfert de revenu comme alternative à l’ancien modèle de protection sociale puisqu’ils procurent le renforcement du capital social en même temps qu’ils fonctionnent comme facteur structurant de la protection sociale. Ce legs du gouvernement Cardoso a permis au gouvernement de Luis Inácio Lula da Silva de consolider le nouveau paradigme avec la création du programme national Bolsa-Família. Le gouvernement Lula a donc bénéficié de l’héritage historique des deux mandats de Cardoso et, ironiquement, a récolté les fruits de l’apprentissage social. Le phénomène du « lulismo » en est la preuve. Par ailleurs, cette thèse met en question la paternité du programme Bolsa-Família puisqu’elle montre la création de ce programme d'abord comme la consolidation du processus d’apprentissage et puis comme conséquence de la création d’un nouveau paradigme pour la politique d’assistance sociale au Brésil qui a eu lieu pendant les deux mandats de Cardoso.
This thesis focuses on the introduction of conditional cash transfer policies in Brazil. The main objective of the research is to understand how these policies have emerged in a context of rethinking social security in Brazil during the 90s, more precisely from 95 and how these changes have caused a third order paradigmatic change in the elaboration of national social security policies. According to the first of two hypotheses presented in this research, the introduction of conditional cash transfer policies in Brazil is the achievement of intellectuals striving to present such policies as a viable alternative to the traditional Brazilian social protection network. Conditional cash transfer policies have been supported by intellectual, epistemic communities and by politicians that brought the debate on minimal revenue on the Brazilian political agenda. On the other hand, the second hypotheses suggests that the adoption of cash transfer policies was made possible by the convergence of ideas, institutions and interests in place. This convergence of ideas, institutions and interests rests upon the many actors in this debate such intellectuals, President Cardoso and other politicians who have been defending the social agenda in Brazil since 1999; Brazilian parliamentary institutions and international organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank and the Inter-american Development Bank – BID. In order to make sense of these changes in Brazil, the iii approach (idea-interest-institution) was used. Social learning, dissemination, lesson-learning and lesson-drawing processes are all factors explaining the convergence of opinions around the idea of conditional cash transfer programmes. It shall be proven that the Brazilian experiment with cash transfer programmes not only became a reversed teaching process with the World Bank, but also had effects on decisions made by the BID. This thesis also suggests that the paradigmatic change in Brazilian social security was initiated by the Cardoso governement as part of an error and trial change process. This process, which would have as a direct consequence the reinvention of “Comunidade Solidária”, also permitted the creation of “Projeto Alvorada” and of the “Rede de proteção social” in 2001. The health and education programmes were the most instrumental in building consensus in support of cash transfer programmes as an alternative to the traditional model of social security, because these programmes reinforce social capital while acting as structuring factors for social security. President Cardoso’s heritage allowed Luis Inàcio da Silva to consolidate the new paradigm in social security with the creation of the national programme Bolsa-Família. The Lula administration directly benefited from the previous government’s two mandates and, ironically, reaped the fruit of his predecessor’s labour. The social phenomena called “lulismo” stands as proof of this. Moreover, this thesis challenges the theory according to which Bolsa-Família is an invention of Luis Inàcio da Silva in showing how this programme was initially created as the result of social learning in Brazil between 1995 et 2002.

Ce triptyque d’essais présente le caractère versatile et évasif du concept moderne de capital social à plusieurs niveaux – global, national et régional, ainsi que dans le présent et dans le passé. Le premier article conteste l’hypothèse prédominante selon laquelle il y a une cohabitation entre l’engagement civique et la démocratie. Malgré sa validité au niveau général, la relation n’est pas confirmée si les catégories hétérogènes sont désagrégées. Pour les pays post-communistes de l'Europe, la relation entre le type de régime et la tendance de s'associer ressemble à celle des démocraties latines consolidées si la participation dans les associations volontaires est choisie comme mesure de la vitalité du capital social. Par conséquent, la vie civique moins intense ne prédit pas de difficultés pour la démocratie. Le deuxième article est une compilation originale de plus de 100 organisations classifiées selon les standards contemporains et une collection de présentations d'une douzaine d'organisations bulgares, les plus populaires depuis le XIXème siècle. Cette contribution importante à l’historiographie de la vie associative bulgare jusqu’à 1944 est le résultat d'un travail qui combine des entrevues avec des historiens et une recherche dans les archives. Le panoptique organisationnel sert de réfutation empirique de l’hypothèse qui attribue la faiblesse organisationnelle présente du poste-communisme à la pénurie de vie organisationnelle développée par le passé. ii Les mérites du troisième article sont doubles. Au niveau empirique on démontre que l’organisation culturelle la plus importante en Bulgarie a apparu comme une institution nationaliste imitant les organisations similaires des autres pays Européens. Elle s’est développée graduellement par une adaptation des expériences étrangères aux conditions locales. La collection des références bulgares est unique et représente le produit d’un travail méticuleux sur les documents et les entrevues. Au niveau abstrait, on confirme l’applicabilité de la théorie du transfert de la politique publique à un cas historique existant avant la théorie elle-même. Finalement, l’analyse détaillée des précurseurs du cabinet de lecture bulgare représente une contribution à la sociologie politique de l’histoire de la lecture. Mots clés: Europe de l’Est, poste-communisme, démocratie, société civile, engagement civique, organisations volontaires, troisième secteur, affiliation, transfert d'idées, apprentissage organisationnel.
A triptych of essays presents the versatility and the evasiveness of the trendy concept of social capital on several planes – global, national, and regional, as well as in the present and in the past. The first article challenges the influential hypothesis that there is cohabitation between civic engagement and democracy. While valid at a general level, the relationship is not confirmed once heterogeneous categories are disaggregated. For the European post-Communist countries, the pattern of the relationship between the regime type and the propensity to associate closely resembles the one in Latin mature democracies, provided that membership in voluntary associations is chosen as a measurement of social capital. Less intensive civic life does not bode for predicaments in democracy. The second article is an original compilation of more than 100 organizations classified according to contemporary standards and a collection of narratives about a dozen of the most popular organizations in Bulgaria since the 19th century. This invaluable contribution to the historiography of Bulgarian associational life until 1944 is the result of field work which combined personal interviews with historians of the organizations and archival research of original documents. The organizational panopticon serves as an empirical refutation of the hypothesis inferring that present organizational weakness of post- Communism is due to the lack of developed organizational life in the past. The merits of the third article are twofold. On empirical level it is demonstrated that the most important cultural organization in Bulgaria emerged iv as a nation-building institution modeled initially by imitating similar ones in other European countries and later by adapting foreign experiences to the local specific conditions. The collection of original Bulgarian references is unique and it is again a product of meticulous work with documents and personal interviews. On a more abstract level it confirms the applicability of the voluminous and unstructured theory on policy transfer to a historical case existing before the appearance of the theory itself. Last, but not least, the overview of the major European precursors of the Bulgarian reading club represents a modest tribute to the less known field of political sociology of history of reading. Keywords: Eastern Europe, post-Communism, democracy, civil society, civic engagement, voluntary organizations, Third sector, membership, transfer of ideas, lesson-drawing.

presente relatório pretende apresentar o trabalho realizado no estágio curricular em edição, realizado no Serviço Editorial do Município da Póvoa de Varzim e inserido no plano de estudos do mestrado em Estudos Editoriais, com data de início em novembro de 2017 e data de conclusão em abril de 2018. O trabalho aqui relatado tem como intuito demonstrar o papel desempenhado enquanto assistente editorial e tecer considerações e reflexões críticas. Para o efeito, apresento os vários projetos editoriais nos quais estive envolvida e analiso diferentes aspetos no desenvolvimento desses projetos. Dentro da gestão editorial vários temas poderiam ser alvo de análise, no entanto, o principal eixo deste trabalho prende-se com a questão do planeamento e da gestão do tempo. Considerado um fator crítico da gestão editorial, procuramos, ao longo da redação deste relatório, demonstrar quais as razões, os responsáveis e as principais ilações a retirar desta reflexão
Mestrado em Estudos Editoriais