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1
Canales, Andrés. "Development of neural probes using thermal drawing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111316.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 127-147).
The treatment of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions relies on better understanding the system that they afflict. However, the tools currently available to probe neural circuits are often limited to use in short-term studies primarily due to poor of biocompatibility. To address this challenge, flexible, minimally invasive neural probes were fabricated using a thermal drawing process, with polymers serving as their main structural constituent. Through the use of different polymers, probes containing arrays of tin electrodes as small as 5 [mu]m were fabricated, as were probes combining capabilities for electrical recording, optical stimulation, and drug delivery. A technique was developed to combine functionalities of these devices into a single probe to study the effect of optical stimulation with different waveforms on the brain activity. To break the longitudinal symmetry inherent to probes fabricated using the thermal drawing process, and to allow the incorporation of functionalities along the probe length, a method to combine thermal drawing with a method commonly used to fabricate neural probes, photolithography, was developed, along with the selection of the polymer that would allow consecutive processing using these two techniques. All of the fabricated probes were characterized and tested in vivo by implantation into mice and assessing their functionality. High signal-to-noise ratio (13±6) recordings were obtained using multielectrode arrays. Recordings of neural activity during simultaneous optical stimulation and drug delivery were performed with multifunctional probes. Hybrid probes combining metal electrodes with a polymer waveguide were used to study the response of large groups of neurons to different forms of optical stimuli. Most importantly, the biocompatibility of these probes was assessed over a 3 month period and compared favorably to that of steel microwires of similar size.
by Andrés Canales.
Ph. D.
2
Egan, Bridget Anne. "Drawing for designing : the development of purposive drawing in children during the primary school years." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394097.
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The usefulness or otherwise of drawing as a strategy in design thinking for primary children is a contested topic in the field of design and technology education. Previous studies have concentrated on analysing the drawings that children make, but there has been little prior work considering the understandings that children themselves hold about design drawing/sketching. The purpose of this study is to clarify the ways in which children themselves understand the use and purpose of drawing or sketching as part of design activity, and to determine key factors in developing in children a sense of purpose in making sketches and drawings during design and technology activities. The parameters of the debate are explored, and related to rationales for the inclusion of design and technology as a component of general education. Understandings about the nature of children's drawing, and the purposes that children themselves may bring to the act of drawing, are also reviewed. The study draws on evidence from observation and interview of 136 children between the ages of 4 and 11, some of them engaged on self-directed drawing tasks ('free' drawing) and others on design and technology activities in which they have been asked to draw during the process. In considering children when drawing freely, their talk about the drawing, and while drawing, was analysed to clarify the purposes which they appeared to have when drawing. During designing, children were interviewed about the usefulness of the drawings they had made, and how they expected to use it. The majority of the children interviewed during design activities saw the purpose of the drawing as a means of remembering ideas. There appeared to be little progression away from this notion between the children in Year One and the children in Year Six. Although memory may be an important function of drawing, it is argued that it is not the most important function when designing. Teacher interaction with children is suggested as the key to enabling children to use drawing and sketching in more productive ways during their design activity.
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Karakitsou, Chrisoula. "Assessment of cognitive development in four to eight year old children by means of drawing tasks." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22859.
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The present thesis explores the link between children's drawings and cognitive development. The aim of this study is to investigate the intellectual abilities of the child draughtsman with good depiction skills and to evaluate the merit of the drawing technique in the assessment of conceptual maturity. The standardised Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test (GHDT) of intellectual maturity was administered to 115 children between 4 to 8 years of age against criterion ability measures (Wechsler scales). Its psychometric properties are examined in respect to its norms and scales, its reliability and validity at different age levels and ranges of intelligence. Early theories in the area of pictorial representation were directed towards identifying features characteristic of different developmental periods (Kerschensteiner, 1905; Luquet, 1927/1977). At the same time Piaget and Inhelder (1948/1967) incorporated these stage theories into their model of spatial intelligence. Yet, the recent experimental study of children's drawings has disclosed a number of variables which interfere during the course of production, challenging the view that drawings can be seen as the royal route to access children's concepts. Stage theories are re-evaluated by means of fourteen experimental drawing tasks with various degree of difficulty. The tasks - administered to the same children tested with the standardised instruments -are spatial in nature and have been sampled from two widely researched areas related to the pictorial representation of partial occlusion and of spatial axes (horizontal/vertical). The acquisition of the pertinent spatial concepts by means of drawings is examined, considering competence-deficiency and competence-utilisation accounts of children's performance at different ages. Finally, overall perfomance on spatial tasks is compared with performance on conventional (Wechsler scales) and non-verbal (GHDT) measures of intellectual functioning, considering the optimum method to assess children's abilities by means of drawings. In general, drawing performance is reasonably sensitive to children's level of intelligence, yet the significance of drawing varies at different ages and ranges of IQ. Finally, the establishment of steadfast developmental trajectories falls short in the field of pictorial representation. The variable performance, particularly from the children at intermediate ages, suggests that the stages of intellectual or visual realism should be seen as relative and not as absolute.
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Håkonsen, Christian, and Mikael Berkelund. "Development of a new drawing system for STS." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-618.
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An engineering firm which handles and constructs drawings needs well defined routines and structures which should be homogeneous through all the different departments. A common drawing system results in better quality and cooperation between the departments.
SAS Technical Services (STS) did not have a common drawing system which had led to development of different routines in the different regions and departments. Requested was development of new routines regarding engineering drawings, such as drawing numbering structure, revision and subscription routines, which standards to adhere to, custom made drawing templates and management of the drawings with belonging documents.
Each requested task was broken into minor tasks and analyzed. Solutions by different leading engineering companies were used for comparison and ideas.
All the tasks were collected and organized in one single document which is the result of the thesis; a drawing instruction.
The drawing instruction will after a learning phase ease the work for the STS engineers as all necessary information can be found in one single place. Also, work with contractors will be time-saving as the instruction can be handed out for guidance.
En ingenjörsfirma som hanterar och skapar mängder med ritningar behöver väldefinierade rutiner och strukturer som är homogena genom hela bolaget. Ett gemensamt ritningssystem resulterar i bättre kvalitet och bättre samarbete mellan de olika avdelningarna.
SAS Technical Services (STS) hade inte ett gemensamt ritningssystem vilket har lett till att de olika avdelningarna har utvecklat olika rutiner rörande ritningar. Önskemålet var utvecklande av nya rutiner rörande ingenjörsritningar såsom ritningsnumreringsstruktur, revisions- och prenumerationsrutiner, vilka standarder som skall följas, egna ritningsmallar och skötsel av ritningar med tillhörande dokument.
Varje önskad uppgift blev uppdelad i mindre uppgifter och analyserad. Lösningar från olika ledande ingenjörsbolag användes för jämförelse och idéer.
Alla uppgifterna samlades och organiserades i ett och samma dokument som är resultatet av detta arbete; en ritningsinstruktion.
Ritningsinstruktionen kommer efter en inlärningsfas underlätta arbetet för ingenjörerna på STS eftersom all nödvändig information nu finns på ett och samma ställe. Arbeten med entreprenörer vill också bli underlättande eftersom instruktionen kan delas ut för vägledning.
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Brown, Ian, and n/a. "The effect of culture on children's drawing development." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060614.172038.
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Few would deny the importance of art education in the total
educational development of the child. Drawing is an integral
component of art education. Drawing for children appears to be a
natural form of expression. Studies involving the observation of
children's drawing development have had a long history in relation to
child art. Recognition that children pass through identifiable stages of
development in drawing and that these stages could be affected by
cultural and individual differences is an important focus in art education
research.
This study is concerned firstly with drawing development and
secondly, with differences in drawing development across cultures.
Eight year old children with predominantly European background and
eight year old children with Vietnamese/Kampuchean background were
chosen for this study.
The study was concerned with determining whether there were
any significant differences in drawing development between the two
ethnic groups, using a modified scale of the Rouse "Descriptive Scale for Measurement of Art Products".
The results of this study indicate that there are differences in
drawing abilities between the two ethnic groups.
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Morse, Rachel Claire. "The involvement of working memory in children's drawing development." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340648.
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Rose, Sarah Elizabeth. "Development of drawing ability and the attitudes and practices towards children's drawings in Steiner and National Curriculum schools." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2014. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2013/.
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Among educationalists there is some uncertainty about how best to teach children drawing skills and among psychologists there is uncertainty about how different approaches might influence children's drawing development. In the National Curriculum children are taught both expressive and representational drawing ability, but there is concern that the arts are being 'squeezed out' in favour of more 'academic' subjects. In contrast, children in Steiner schools experience less directive instruction in drawing, but experience an education where the arts and creativity are highly valued. However, little is known about the home drawing experiences of these pupils and the views of their teachers. This thesis aimed to identify similarities and differences in the drawing abilities and styles of pupils and the drawing attitudes and practices of the pupils, their parents and teachers. In study one expressive, representational and free drawings of 180 pupils (age 6 to 16 years old) were assessed for ability, style and creative intention. In study two 180 pupils, their teachers and parents were surveyed about attitudes and practices relevant to children's drawing experiences. Steiner pupils were found to have superior representational drawing ability but no consistent between-school differences were found in expressive drawing ability. Stylistic difference were evident in the free drawing. Drawing attitudes and practices of children were generally positive and few between-school differences identified. Parents and teachers associated with the Steiner schools tended to value drawing more highly, were more aware of the wider benefits of children engaging in art. However, National Curriculum teachers and parents tended to be more involved with children's drawing experiences. The studies presented in this thesis represent ground breaking research comparing drawing ability, and the art attitudes and practices that shape children's artistic experience in their respective Steiner and National Curriculum schools as well as their homes. More similarities were identified than anticipated. This suggests that school and home drawing environments may be less influential than previously thought. Alternatively, there might be fewer differences between the school types than the curricula suggest. Consequently, future research should consider the artistry of teachers and parents and observational data of classroom art lessons and home drawing experiences.
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Hudson, Kerry. "Factors affecting drawing ability in Williams syndrome and typical development." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553139.
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Drawing in William syndrome (WS), a rare genetic disorder, is often characterised by production of poorly integrated drawings that focus on the detail of a figure but fail to capture the global configuration. Little research has sought to understand drawing behaviour in WS despite frequent use of drawing as evidence of a local processing bias. This thesis examines factors that influence drawing in WS and typically developing (TD) groups to better characterise drawing performance in WS. In contrast to previous literature, this thesis demonstrates that drawing ability in WS cannot be typified by a bias towards local elements of a figure. Drawing in WS and TD groups was largely comparable, including for local elements. Instead, it is argued that drawing in WS represents reduced strategy-use, associated with two central components of drawing that are unrelated to motor or planning ability. First, individuals with WS demonstrate a failure to represent multiple spatial relations. This is clear from a greater sensitivity to complexity of ' the figure to-be-copied. Complexity in term of the number and type of lines reduced the frequency of strategy use when drawing in WS. Second, individuals with WS show poor attention to a model when copying. This is evidenced by reduced looks to a model in the WS group when drawing, relative to the TD group. Facilitation of drawing to increase the frequency in which drawing strategies are employed improved performance in the WS group to the level of TD individuals. It is argued that the benefit of facilitation is likely to depend on both an improvement in the representation of multiple spatial relations and on increased attention to the model. As a result of an understanding of the factors affecting drawing in both groups and the shortcomings of existing models, a new model of drawing is proposed.
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HUSSAIN, HARITH TAHA MOHAMED. "DEVELOPMENT OF A VECTORIAL LASER PLOTTER FOR GENERATING LARGE DRAWING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1991. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19776@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOO presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a viabilização de uma traçadora gráfica à laser, de funcionamento vetorial, para a produção de desenhos de grandes dimensões. A grande vantagem deste conceito é a obtenção de elevada velocidade de risco devido às peças móveis de número e dimensões reduzidas. Uma aplicação típica é o risco de encaixe na indústria de confecção. A recente construção de um protótipo no departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da PUC-RJ indicou a viabilidade prática do conceito.
The present work discusses the feasibility of a vectorial laser plotter for generating large drawing at relativiely high tracing speeds. A typical use for this type of plotter is in the garment industry where large nesting patterns have to be drawn for the fabric cutting process. The building of a prototype at the Mechanical Engineering Department of PUC-RJ has shown the actual feasibility of the concept described in this work.
10
Lee, Monica Mary. "Development in the depiction of depth." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57276/.
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This thesis contains an investigation of the way in which children and adults depict depth when drawing a table. Research on development in depiction is reviewed (Chapters 1 and 2), with particular reference to the use of pictorial depth cues and projection systems. A series of studies on the use of projection systems in the drawing of a table is reported (Chapters 3 to 5) which shows that development in the depiction of depth is not directly related to development in the use of projection systems. It is also shown that the use of projection systems 1s task dependent, and is not closely related to the subject's formal understanding of them. A formal system of classification of table drawings is introduced (Chapter 6), which demonstrates clear developmental trends in the way in which depth is depicted in the drawing of a table, and connects these trends with development in the use of pictorial depth cues. The roots of development in the depiction of depth are examined more closely by further experimental work (Chapters 7 to 9). It is shown that subjects have a very strong preference for oblique projection, and that inaccuracy in the copying of line drawings is largely dependent upon the knowledge of what these drawings represent. It is concluded that the results give support to an information processing view of development, in which the majority of subjects appear to work from a form of canonical model of a table which has implicit depth and is best depicted by oblique projection (Chapter 10). It is also suggested that development in the depiction of depth is linked to the increasing use of pictorial depth cues. These conclusions are presented more explicitly in the form of a possible process model of the way in which we depict depth (Chapter 11).
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Tani, Ayako. "Multi-dimensional line-drawing with glass through a development of lampworking." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2013. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/5030/.
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This is practice-based research about glass art, undertaken by an artist specialising in the lampworking technique. Over many centuries, lampworking has been widely used for scientific, industrial and craft purposes. In the early 1990s, there was a notable shift where traditional lampworking began merging with contemporary glass art, but there is still room for further development. The research focus is line-making through lampworking. Building upon Hoyt (1989), who determined the fundamental procedures in lampworking, this research identifies five operations relating to line-making: ‘bending’, ‘stretching’, ‘thickening’, ‘adding’ and ‘tooling’. Before this research, these techniques were already well practised in traditional lampwork training. However, they were recognised as only basics to construct larger pieces, and line-making itself did not gain real attention. Neither has the theoretical concept of making lines in glass been discussed enough. This research re-examines each of these operations and searches for dormant possibilities to exploit for artistic expression. The significance of glass lines is discussed in comparison to other line-making techniques and media in visual art. The taxonomy of lines advocated by Ingold (2007) is referred to as a guide for deeper exploration in this field. The investigation highlights the unique material feature of glass and contributes the idea of ’spatial traces’ and ‘projected lines’ to the discussion. A series of artworks is subsequently made to demonstrate and evaluate the research outcomes. The particular innovation generated by this research is the development of ‘calligraphic lampworking’, which is technically an extension of the ‘stretching’ operation. The act of stretching molten glass is observed to be comparable to ink calligraphy, in that they both leave a trace of movement. The distinctive difference is that the strokes of calligraphic lampworking are spatially liberated, whereas those of ink calligraphy are confined to the plane of a two-dimensional surface. The ‘multi-dimensionality’ of glass lines is also theoretically explored and discussed in terms of the glass’s clarity, reflections and shadows.
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Ceylan, Aybike. "Structural tools in the making of cities form as a development control mechanism /." Ankara : METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604767/index.pdf.
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Kelkar, Anand, Norm Lamarra, and Thomas Vaughan. "Development of a Synthetic Beamforming Antenna - From Drawing Board to Reality." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606144.
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ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaFollowing-up on an ITC 2006 paper, "From RF to bits with Synthetic Beamforming", we follow the development and fielding of a Digital Beamforming (DBF) Antenna. This antenna, built for an airborne Telemetry application, supports 10 individual polarization-diverse beams and immediately converts RF to IF at the antenna element through a suite of LNBs. The IF is then digitized and all subsequent processing is performed through an array of 200+ FPGAs, including DBF, optimal combining, demodulation, and IF upconversion. We present our Model-Based Design approach, which allowed us to develop and test the system incrementally and rapidly, particularly during the transition from factory testing to flight operations, where several unexpected problems were discovered. Our software tool set enabled us to dissect the System behavior via post-mission replay, and our detailed simulations were instrumental in developing mitigation quickly. The System-level impacts and root causes of some of these issues are also discussed. We believe the flexibility of DBF and the modular software architecture were key in quickly mitigating many of these unforeseen real-world issues without hardware modification.
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Paine, Sheila Mary. "The development of drawing in the childhood and adolescence of individuals." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019594/.
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Horlik, Christine. "An investigation into the narrative approaches by pre-school children using artistic/visual measures to represent their "worlds" /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98931.
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This study examines the importance of the artistic process for young children and how this process can aid in their visual, verbal, mental, and emotional development at a critical time of growth. Videotaped interviews were conducted with four preschool children in order to determine the ways in which they represent their worlds through simple crayon drawings and the possible accompanying verbal narratives. This study shows that preschool children's drawings and narratives depict significant visual facets of their lives and argues that this process should be developed, encouraged, and valued both within the educational system and at home. Visual representation is a language in itself and should be recognized as a meaningful way for young children to make sense of their worlds.
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Hwang, Guan-Jong. "Animated drawing guide for basic art education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2355.
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Leung, Ka-po Filipe, and 梁嘉保. "Structural development of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) through solid-state drawing and annealing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26648891.
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FONTANELLA, JORGE LUIZ. "ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF A GRAPHIC PLOTTER FOR VERTICAL SURFACE DRAWING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2565@1.
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UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE PETRÓPOLISEsta pesquisa visa ao desenvolvimento de um protótipo de traçadora gráfica, para desenhar sobre uma superfície rígida na posição vertical. A principal aplicação desta traçadora é no segmento de comunicação visual para anúncios em grandes superfícies. Com a intenção de atingir alto grau de flexibilidade nesta utilização, a traçadora é concebida para trabalhar em coordenadas polares, dispensando um quadro fixo composto de várias guias lineares como seria o caso de uma traçadora x, y. Numa primeira parte, apresenta-se o layout básico, a construção do protótipo e as equações cinemáticas que governam o movimento. Em seguida, é feita uma análise estática da traçadora e do momento máximo requerido para movimentar o braço, visando à correta especificação dos atuadores. Com base nas equações geométricas utilizadas, foi elaborado um algoritmo de traçado que contempla as não linearidades inerentes ao problema.Vários testes com figuras geométricas foram realizados, para a avaliação do protótipo.
The present research aims the development of an experimental prototype of a plotterdesigned to work on a vertical plane. In order to achieve maximum flexibility to work on site, the plotter was conceived to operate in polar coordinates with a single fixed point.This concept simplifies transportation and assemblage of the plotter at the working location. The work discusses the kinematical equations for pen displacent, static and dynamic equation for torque evaluation as well as some design challenges which had to be overcome in order to make the plotter operational and reliable. Experimental results concerning precision and drafting velocity are presented in the work and final comments on further design improvements of the plotter are discussed in the last part.
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Bo, Jin. "Continuous versus discontinuous drawing possible cerebellar involvement in the development of temporal consistency /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3472.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Neuroscience and Cognitive Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hope, Gillian. "Drawing as a tool for thought : the development of the ability to use drawing as a design tool amongst children aged 6-8 years." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411654.
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My research into young children's understanding of using drawing to support designing was undertaken in a rural First School (children aged 5-9 years) across the years 1998-2002. Since little previous research had been conducted in the field, the first phase of the research aimed to discover how young children could use drawing to support designing, through analysing drawings produced in Design and Technology lessons. It appeared that below age 8, although children could record design ideas, they did not use drawing to support their design thinking or develop their ideas towards making. Understandings gained through reading, led to the belief that the metaphor of design drawing as both a Container and a Journey could be used to teach younger children to use drawing as a design tool. The second phase of the research, therefore, involved devising a Programme of four school term's duration, for a Year 2 class (average age 6.10 at start of Programme), that embedded the Container I Journey metaphor. These children's developing capability with design drawing was compared at intervals with that of a parallel class who did not receive the Programme. The evaluation of the Programme used both qualitative and quantified analysis to assess both process and products of using drawing to support designing. The analysis instrument for the products was based on a holistic view of the design process, placing Understanding the Purpose of the Drawing at the centre of capability and Dimensions of Design Drawing through which such capability were expressed in drawing as emanating from this central understanding. Besides demonstrating the success of the Programme, the analysis showed how children adapt their use of drawing for different activities (problem-solving or product design) and revealed the importance of discussion whilst drawing for the development of viable design ideas. Gill
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Ditcher, Kamille. "Exploring the Materials of Architectural Development." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32884.
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A factory inspired exploration in the architectural potential of space, material, sound, and light. This thesis is divided into chapters of the media types used for design. Primarily, the materials include photography, drawing, and modeling. The process yields overlap and interchange in ways of design that alter the ways of seeing and of advancing the work. Consequently, divisions of the book reoccur throughout the course of the thesis.Master of Architecture
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Beal, Benjamin D., and Benjamin D. Beal. "Using Insects for STEM Outreach: Development and Evaluation of the UA Insect Discovery Program." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622902.
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Science and technology impact most aspects of modern daily life. It is therefore important to create a scientifically literate society. Since the majority of Americans do not take college-level science courses, strong K-12 science education is essential. At the K-5 level, however, many teachers lack the time, resources and background for effective science teaching. Elementary teachers and students may benefit from scientist-led outreach programs created by Cooperative Extension or other institutions. One example is the University of Arizona Insect Discovery Program, which provides short-duration programing that uses insects to support science content learning, teach critical thinking and spark interest in science. We conducted evaluations of the Insect Discovery programming to determine whether the activities offered were accomplishing program goals. Pre-post tests, post program questionnaires for teachers, and novel assessments of children’s drawings were used as assessment tools. Assessments were complicated by the short duration of the program interactions with the children as well as their limited literacy. In spite of these difficulties, results of the pre-post tests indicated a significant impact on content knowledge and critical thinking skills. Based on post-program teacher questionnaires, positive impacts on interest in science learning were noted as much as a month after the children participated in the program. New programming and resources developed to widen the potential for impact are also described.
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Drake, Jennifer E. "Predictors of Local and Global Processing in Autistic and Typical Development." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3755.
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Thesis advisor: Ellen WinnerIndividuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been shown to have a local processing bias: they are able to focus on the details of a visual display and ignore the overall whole and context (Mottron & Belleville, 1993; Mottron, Belleville, & Ménard, 1999). Typical individuals with the ability to draw realistically also show this local bias (Drake, Redash, Coleman, Haimson, & Winner, 2010; Drake & Winner, 2011). Two opposing theories have been proposed to account for the local processing bias in individuals with ASD. Some have argued that the local processing bias is at the expense of the ability to grasp the whole and that these individuals lack a "global bias" (Happé & Frith, 2006). According to this view, individuals with ASD have "weak central coherence." Mottron and his colleagues, however, have suggested that the local processing bias seen in ASD exists alongside intact global processing (Mottron & Belleville, 1993; Mottron et al., 1999). According to this view, individuals with ASD have "enhanced perceptual functioning." However, it is likely that these classifications overlook individual variations in local and global processing in the ASD and non-ASD population, some ASD and non-ASD individuals strong in both, weak in both, strong only in local, or strong only in global. If so it would be important to determine the predictors of each pattern, whether the same patterns of individual differences exist in the ASD and non-ASD population, and whether the predictors of each pattern are the same for ASD and non-ASD individuals. Four predictors of local and global processing (as assessed by a battery of tasks) were investigated: verbal IQ, nonverbal IQ, realistic drawing skill, and severity of ASD diagnosis. Participants in study 1 were non-ASD children; Participants in study 2 were ASD children; and those in study 3 were the combined sample of ASD and non-ASD children. Four major findings emerged. First, the predictors of local and global processing skill in the ASD population are the same as those in the non-ASD population. Second, the strongest predictor of local and global processing skills was realistic drawing skill, and not diagnosis, a novel finding. Third, as a group, ASD individuals performed no better and no worse on either local or global processing tasks than did non-ASD individuals, again a surprising and novel finding. Finally, and consistent with finding #2, children with strong performance in local and global processing also scored high in both drawing realism and nonverbal IQ
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
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Sivborg, Joakim. "Development of a compact and flexible deep drawing module for fast running paperboard forming machine." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199408.
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In collaboration between TU-Dresden and KTH, a new flexible forming unit as part of a larger high speed deep drawing machine has been developed. The development is based on the current laboratory test rig at TU-Dresden. The new module is a 1/12th part of a larger, high speed forming wheel. The module was developed to meet the requirements of an output above 700 cups/min. The module was developed to replace hydraulics with all electric actuators/drives. The module was developed to be compact and simple yet reliable and robust in design.
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Lovell, Bonnie R. "Development of a Studio Art Curriculum for the Concentration Section of the Advanced Placement Drawing Portfolio." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/11.
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This thesis presents an Advanced Placement curriculum for the concentration section of the Drawing Portfolio. It is intended as a teaching tool to encourage and develop creative strategies related to idea generation and refinement based on creative problem solving, which is essential to the development of an effective concentration. One of the most difficult problems faced by Advanced Placement Studio Art students is idea generation for the artwork related to a central topic for the concentration section of their portfolios. This curriculum introduces lessons based on artist research, brainstorming, synectics, and SCAMPER techniques designed to foster creative idea generation for artwork development. It also gives students a tool with which to analyze the ideas generated based on specific criteria necessary to the concentration. This curriculum specifically encourages the creative process in students and provides teachers with a foundation with which to begin a unique and highly personal journey by the individual student.
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Lin, Xiaodan, and 林曉丹. "Morphology and structure development of a PET/PP blend in extrusion, solid-state drawing and annealing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240598.
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Hannay, Karen F. "A depth approach to teaching drawing during middle childhood: A case study curriculum evaluation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36635/1/36635_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of implementing a depth approach to teaching drawing to an intact year four class: specifically, the effect that instruction had on the character of the children's drawings and their attitude towards drawing and their drawing ability. A definition of 'a depth approach' was derived from the literature.
An educational evaluation of a depth drawing program was conducted in a Queensland state school. A pilot study, conducted with a year three class assisted in the development of a drawing program and design of the data collection methods. Participant-observation, interviews, children's written comments and analysis of the children's drawings constituted the data collection methods. The researcher participated as a visiting art teacher.
The children were interviewed individually before and after the teaching intervention in order to ascertain their attitude to drawing and any change in attitude. Informal discussions during classes and student comments on their drawings also contributed to the data. A pre-intervention drawing was solicited from the children so as to assist in the evaluation of drawing development resulting from the lessons.
The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of a depth approach to teaching drawing that: provides sequential and cumulative learning; considers the developmental readiness of the children; draws on a variety of teaching/learning strategies that assist children to develop a variety of skills and provides opportunities for children to apply these skills expressively can assist children to develop outside the stages described by developmentalists and to retain and develop a positive attitude towards drawing.
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Shan, Haifeng. "Structure development in melt spinning, cold drawing and cold compression of poly(ethylene-co-octene) with different octene content." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1137341440.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, 2006."May, 2006." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 10/11/2006) Advisor, James L. White; Committee members, Avraam I. Isayev, Thein Kyu, Darrell H. Reneker, Shing-Chung "Josh" Wong; Department Chair, Sadhan C. Jana; Dean of the College, Frank N. Kelley; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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W, Lindvall Fredrik. "Development of a test method for measuring galling resistance." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-928.
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Abstract
Today sheet metal forming is used to make a variety of mass production because it has a high production rate. One of the biggest concerns in sheet metal forming is wear of the tool in form of galling. Galling in sheet metal forming is characterised by an increased tool surface roughness, unstable friction in the forming process and undesirable scratches on the final products.
Several ways of ranking materials resistance to galling exist today but only ASM G98 is standardised. Nevertheless, some different methods developed for ranking tool materials’ tendency to galling have also been developed.
The aim of this thesis is to develop and improve the Uddeholm Tooling Tribo Test rig located at Uddeholm Tooling AB. The rig, which is a variation of cylinder-on-cylinder test equipment, was improved with a new tool holder, a utilization of the real sheet material counter face and a new data acquisition system and software. The galling was detected using scratches on the sheet, metallographic analysis of the material adhered on the tool specimen, monitoring of coefficient of friction and the standard deviation of the coefficient of friction.
The obtained results show difficulties with ranking of tool materials in terms of galling resistance under non-lubricated conditions. The tool steels tested were SVERKER21 and UNIMAX. AISI304-10, DC04 and DOCOL1000DP sheets were used. Additionally a low friction coating of BalinitC on SVERKER21 was also included. All specimens of the tool steels showed signs of galling on every run, only the low friction coating showed a transition in behaviour of friction coefficient corresponding to galling initiation. The standard deviation of the coefficient of friction increased at low loads. A decrease of the test loads led to stability loss of the system detected by an increase in the standard deviation of the coefficient of friction. This might happen because the Kistler platform is originally designed for larger loads. Although, the test rig does not work properly in its present state, the concept looks promising.
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Marr, Gregory M. "Development of a Methodology for Creating Families of Parts." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/823.
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The purpose of this thesis was to develop methodologies and procedures for the construction and use of CAD part families. This project uses the software CADDS5 created by Computervision, Inc., and its "Family of Parts" module. This software allows the creation of an entire family of similar parts using a single parametric master model and a text file containing the necessary parameters for each member of the family. CADDS5 users at Raytheon were surveyed to determine how they use standard parts, what types of standard parts are used, and typical modeling strategies. A set of criteria were developed to determine which groups of parts would be good candidates to be used as test cases. Four test cases were used to develop the methodology or procedure for the creation of families of parts. In addition, efficient use of these part families required the development of a set of search engines to allow the users to find parts more easily, and a parts server to generate new family members. The Family of Parts software in CADDS5 serves as a starting point for the creation of a usable library of standard parts. However, it has a poor user interface and has no system for part management and database administration. This thesis has made up for several of these shortcomings, and has created the core of a working library that can be easily used by all of the designers without requiring detailed knowledge of the details behind the implementation. The methodology developed during this project provides the necessary information for designers to create the majority of standard parts in use at Raytheon. For those who want to expand the library, it has provided useful information that will help them create high-quality parts that will work well with this system.
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Ceylan, Aybike. "Structural Tools In The Making Of Cities:form As A Development Control Mechanism." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12604767/index.pdf.
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Macro-scale planning and design as a product of modernism have been abandoned to a high degree, as a result of the reactionary post-modern approaches since the 1960�
s. Intensifying with the rise of neo-liberal approaches in the 1970&
#65533
s, these reactions advocated merely incremental decision-making and design in the making of cities. These developments lived in the western countries showed their reflections in Turkey with the 1980&
#65533
s, resulting in fragmented planning practices. However it is the hypothesis of the study that macro-scale urban design: thus designing the form and the structural elements of the city is the statement of the development policy of the city. Thus structural elements that make up a certain city form is a major area of concern for urban design. Within this frame firstly the debate between the modern and post-modern approaches about the scope of intervening in the development of the city will be evaluated. Then the Turkish planning approach will be analyzed with regard to its success in development control. Basic city forms and their growth characteristics will be examined in the next part. Finally the planning practices of Ankara and the form and the structural elements proposed will be evaluated accordingly.
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Nguyen, Hong Trang. "Formulating supportive instruments for green building development in Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122898/1/Hong%20Trang_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.
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This research looks into the development of green building policy in Vietnam based on the results of a survey and interviews with construction professionals and policy-makers in Vietnam. It reveals the current market state, barriers and drivers to green building development, recommended policies and, thus, provides a policy-making framework as a holistic approach to policy design integrating those data and the relevant policy community. This study is also the first of its kind to investigate a case study for policy change and policy learning from a prospective approach, integrating two widely applied methods – lesson drawing guidance and policy transfer framework. It gives an important insight into factors affecting the process of initiating and incorporating a new policy for green building development in the current legislation given the complexity of a network of actors.
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McVicker, Diana Lynn. "The development of curriculum for a high school course integrating drafting and mathematics." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1333.
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Jain, Vibhor. "Analysis of structural development during superdrawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28185.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Wang, Youjiang; Committee Co-Chair: Jacob, K.I.; Committee Member: Aneja, A.P.; Committee Member: Garmestani, Hamid; Committee Member: Thio, Yonathan S.; Committee Member: Yao, Donggang
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Vendeville, Nathalie. "Comprendre et marquer les émotions du personnage du récit dans un dessin : quels apports au développement typique et troublé?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30059/document.
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Ce travail de thèse propose de s’intéresser au développement des capacités de compréhension et de marquage graphique des émotions de manière conjointe. Ce manuscrit aborde plusieurs questions comme le décalage pouvant exister entre ces deux capacités ou encore l’influence des stéréotypes liés au genre sur la manière dont les enfants comprennent les émotions dans une histoire et les représentent dans leurs dessins (Etudes 1 et 2). Dans une visée plus appliquée, ce travail de thèse pose la question de la pertinence d’utiliser une tâche de dessin pour évaluer la compréhension des émotions chez des enfants présentant des troubles du langage oral (Etude 3). Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons demandé à des enfants âgés de 6 à 10 ans d’identifier l’état émotionnel du personnage d’un récit (i.e., tâche d’identification) et/ou de marquer cette émotion dans leur dessin en complétant le visage du personnage (i.e., tâche de marquage graphique). Contrairement aux travaux déjà existant dans le domaine, les histoires utilisées pour examiner les capacités de compréhension et de marquage des émotions sont issues de la littérature jeunesse. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse suggèrent que l’âge, l’émotion mais aussi l’importance de l’évènement déclencheur de l’émotion sont autant de facteurs pouvant expliquer le décalage existant entre la capacité à comprendre une émotion et celle consistant à la représenter dans un dessin. Par ailleurs, les enfants semblent identifier et représenter les émotions en tenant compte des stéréotypes de genre. Enfin, la tâche de dessin semble être une tâche intéressante lorsque nous nous intéressons à la compréhension émotionnelle des enfants présentant des troubles du langage. Les apports de ce travail de doctorat sont discutés au regard des connaissances théoriques et méthodologiques qu’il fournit à propos des capacités de compréhension et de marquage des émotions. Nos perspectives de recherches futures sont également abordéesThis thesis deals with the development of two abilities: understanding and drawing of emotions studied together. This work considers many questions, namely on the gap between both abilities, and the influence of gender stereotypes on how children understand emotions in a story and how children represent these emotions in their drawings (Study 1 and 2). On an applied basis, we consider the interest of using a drawing task to assess the emotional understanding in children with language impairment (Study 3). To answer these questions, we ask children aged 6 to 10 to identify the emotional state of a character in a story (i.e., identification task) and to depict this emotion in a drawing by completing the character’s face (i.e., drawing task). Contrary to prior studies, we used natural stories from children literature to assess abilities to understand and to depict emotions. Our results suggest that age, emotion and the trigger event of the emotion can explain in part the difference between both abilities. Moreover, children seem to identify and depict emotions taking account of gender stereotypes. Finally, the drawing task seems to be relevant to assess the emotional understanding in children with language impairment. Contributions of this thesis are discussed in view of theoretical and methodological knowledge about abilities to understand and to depict emotions. Research perspectives are also approached
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Fernandez, Teresa Sushama. "From the drawing board into schools : an analysis of the development and implementation of a new physics curriculum in New Zealand secondary schools /." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2551.
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This thesis explored the introduction of a new physics curriculum in New Zealand secondary schools. It was part of a nationwide overhaul of the whole school curriculum from primary to secondary schools, initiated in the early 1990s. The study of curriculum change is inextricably woven with teacher change, as the teacher is seen as central to any real change in curricula in the classroom. Some theories of teacher change are reviewed here and synthesised into a list of criteria relevant to bringing about effective change in teachers and their practices. A sociocultural perspective emerged as being a useful theoretical approach in analysing and explaining these processes of curriculum change and teacher change because it takes a holistic approach that deals with 'people, places and things' and the discourses involved therein. In particular, Wenger's sociocultural theory was used to study the introduction of a new senior physics curriculum. His terms 'reification' and 'participation' were seen to apply to this research: the curriculum document was taken to be a reified communication artifact, and 'participation' is involved in every stage of its development and implementation. In the context of this theorising, data was procured from in-depth interviews with the three curriculum writers and ten physics teachers in and around a provincial city in New Zealand. The teachers were interviewed three times over a period of three years: before, during and after the first year of implementation; namely 1996 to 1998. The interviews showed that most of these ten physics teachers did not undergo any significant change in their teaching because of the introduction of 'Physics in the New Zealand Curriculum'. The reasons or barriers identified, such as lack of guidelines and clarity, and contentment with their own existing practice, were aligned with factors that have been identified by other researchers as important influences on teachers undergoing change, such as clarity of change and need for change. Three key elements were identified from these issues emerging from the data as necessary conditions or resources for teacher change: knowledge, support and time. In the present study, there was very limited knowledge held by the teachers about 'what', 'how' and 'why' changes were being implemented. Secondly, there was little social and system support for the curriculum change. Finally, teachers had little time to focus on and reflect on the change. A model of curriculum change, incorporating Wenger's notions of 'reification' and 'participation', but extended to include 'dereification' emerged from the data. 'Dereification' highlighted an important stage whereby the curriculum document as an artifact, needed to be incorporated into the plane of lived experiences of teachers. The introduction of the term 'dereification' supported the development of this model of curriculum change incorporating teacher change whereby the model outlined processes of reification and dereification involved in a mandated curriculum change. The model of curriculum change developed here also contained a screen that symbolises the lack of intersubjective linkage between teachers and the designers of the new curriculum. There was no follow-up teachers' guide, not enough explanation of the curriculum document, no direct communication between the writers and the teachers, and insufficient professional development for the teachers using it. The research findings led to three propositions: the curriculum document as a key artifact was not sufficient to effect a curriculum change; the lack of transparency of the curriculum document development was a constraint on teachers' commitment to the curriculum change; and the lack of support for teachers in their dereification of the curriculum document impacted negatively on curriculum change. The key elements of knowledge, support and time identified as crucial for teachers to effect any real change in their practice are critical at different points in the model of curriculum change. It is suggested that using such an interplay between the factors underlying teacher change and the sociocultural analysis of curriculum change, might enable more pro-active intervention at the various stages of the process of a curriculum change to effect a real change.
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Flavell, Maurice Raymond. "The development and application of the use of encased voids within the body of glass artefacts as a means of drawing and expression." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8309.
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This practice-led thesis is based on a study of the use of encased voids or bubbles in glass. The study is grounded in practice and draws out through antecedents in philosophy, psychology and epistemology, a methodology called Reflective Risk. It shows that through a rigorous analysis of practice, using video and personal reflection that new insights emerge. The study is framed by craft practice (the word craft here used as a collection of ‘genre’ of which glass is part). The thesis uses experiential learning as a tool and a means of understanding the practice of creating and controlling encased voids in glass in the context of contemporary applied arts practice. The framework, Reflective Risk, is constructivist in approach. It is based on Experiential Learning Theory (ELT), but it also draws on epistemological theories of tacit knowledge. The thesis shows that through an understanding of technique and material qualities, process can be deconstructed to reveal new insights. The thesis documents how an understanding ELT and a range of self-regulatory antecedents can influence the cognitive process of craft practice through praxis. The results of this study, on the one hand, are directed to glass practitioners and on the other, to provide a theoretical approach appropriate for the reflective practitioner working in other media by adopting a parallel method of enquiry.
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Kanmaz, Gokce. "Suppliers." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613228/index.pdf.
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New product development is a challenging process which plays a significant role for the rise of the competitiveness of a firm. This process benefits from cooperative relations in the supply network of the firm, such as the collaboration in buyer- supplier relations. The automotive industry presents a good example for studying buyer supplier relations. The positive effects of supplier involvement in product design and development process have been discussed intensely in the literature due to the exceptional success of OEMs &ndashOriginal Equipment Manufacturers- in the Japanese automotive industry. This study analyzes the role of suppliers in the automotive sector, the buyer-supplier interface and relations, and new product development process specific to the automotive industry in order to highlight the outcomes of supplier involvement in product development process especially during the design phase. A descriptive questionnaire study on the Turkish automotive supplier industry was conducted. The questionnaire was completed by 25 supplier firms who are members of the Association of Turkish Automotive Parts &
Components Manufacturers (TAYSAD) and 5 OEM firms. The questionnaire results show that the level of supplier involvement in the product design phase is low compared to the other project phases such as introduction to the project, prototype production, pre-launch, and mass production. Following this preliminary study, two in-depth interviews were conducted with one OEM and one supplier representatives, and more detailed information on suppliers&rsquo
involvement in product design was gathered. Keywords: Supplier Involvement, Automotive Industry, Product Development, Collaborative Design
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Rocha, Ana Luísa Afonso. "Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada em ensino de artes visuais no 3º ciclo do ensino básico e secundário realizado na Escola Secundária Francisco Rodrigues Lobo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14897.
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O presente relatório, insere-se no âmbito do processo de creditação da
unidade curricular de prática de ensino supervisionada (PES), do Mestrado
em Ensino de Artes Visuais no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino
Secundário e inclui várias descrições e reflexões que abrangem os diferentes
domínios do nosso desempenho profissional no ano lectivo de 2011/12 na
escola Secundária Francisco Rodrigues Lobo; ABSTRACT: This report was developed to accomplish the process of accreditation of the
Supervised Teaching Practice (PES), in the Master of Teaching the Visual
Arts at the 3rd Cycle of Basic and Secondary Education. Includes several
descriptions and reflections covering the different areas of our professional
performance in the academic year 2011/12 at secondary school Francisco
Rodrigues Lobo.
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Barbosa, Margarida de Melo Grandvaux. "Representação de acontecimentos através do desenho com crianças de 3/4 e 5/6 anos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/345.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia EducacionalNo seguimento de alguns trabalhos realizados na área das representações de acontecimentos e, principalmente com base em investigações no âmbito do quadro teórico de K. Nelson, surge o nosso estudo. Com ele, pretendemos recolher mais informações que revelem a ligação existente entre a estruturação temporal dos acontecimentos e a familiaridade com os mesmos, o desenho e a sua complexidade e, por último, a linguagem e a sua função reguladora. Para que fosse possível atingir o objectivo a que nos propusemos, baseámo-nos no paradigma da produção de scripts, de maneira a compararmos o desempenho das crianças numa tarefa de produção de desenhos e as verbalizações associadas ao mesmo, para dois tipos de acontecimentos: "Um dia de escola" e "Uma festa de anos". A amostra é constituída por 60 crianças, com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 6 anos, distribuídas por dois grupos: 3/4 anos e 5/6 anos. Assim sendo, esperávamos que as crianças mais novas, ao explicarem os seus desenhos, recorressem a mais etiquetas/descrições, comparando-as com as crianças mais velhas, de quem aguardávamos relatos mais estruturados, complexos e elaborados, isto é, mais próximos da estrutura narrativa das histórias. A par desta complexidade verbal, também aguardávamos uma outra complexidade, mas desta feita a nível gráfico. Sendo assim, esperávamos que as crianças mais velhas elaborassem desenhos mais pormenorizados, complexos e com maior número de elementos desenhados, em relação às crianças mais novas. Os dados analisados segundo as grelhas construídas por nós, foram sujeitos a uma confirmação estatística. Para isso, realizámos uma análise de variância multivariada para comparar os dois grupos etários e os dois tipos de acontecimentos, na análise das verbalizações, da complexidade da estrutura narrativa e da complexidade dos desenhos. Também utilizámos o teste de Anova de Friedman para comparar os elementos específicos dos dois acontecimentos. Através dos resultados, verificámos que são as crianças mais novas que emitem mais enunciados espontâneos durante a realização do desenho, em ambos os acontecimentos. Constatámos que tanto as crianças mais novas, como as mais velhas, emitiram mais enunciados induzidos no acontecimento "Uma festa de anos". Em ambos os acontecimentos, foram sempre as crianças de 5/6 anos que emitiram mais enunciados induzidos. Comparando os dois grupos etários, também constatámos que em ambos os grupos, a maioria dos enunciados foram do tipo Descrição/Etiquetagem, embora as crianças mais velhas também tenham revelado um número bastante significativo (estatisticamente significativo), comparativamente com as crianças mais novas, de enunciados Acção /Acontecimento. Observou-se então, que as crianças do grupo dos 3/4 anos apresentaram níveis de estruturação narrativa mais baixos do que as do grupo dos 5/6 anos. Por último, relativamente ao nível das produções gráficas, constatámos que foi no grupo das crianças mais velhas que estas se mostraram mais complexas, evidenciando-se quanto à organização do desenho e aos elementos específicos de cada acontecimento. Embora, não tenhamos encontrado diferenças significativas entre os dois tipos de acontecimentos, no geral foi no acontecimento "Um dia de escola" que as crianças desenharam mais elementos.
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Linvill, Eric. "Development of Finite Element Models for 3-D Forming Processes of Paper and Paperboard." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173009.
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Paper materials have a long history of use in packaging products, although traditional paper-based packaging is limited in its shape and design. In order to enable more advanced paper-based packaging, various 3-D forming processes for paper materials have been studied. Since 3-D forming processes typically include the application of moisture and/or temperature, the effects of moisture and temperature on the mechanical response of paper have also been investigated. In Paper A, an experimental study of the combined effects of moisture and temperature on the uniaxial mechanical properties of paper was conducted. These experiments provided new insights into how moisture and temperature affect both the elastic and plastic properties of paper materials. These experiments also provided the framework from which the effects of moisture and temperature were modelled in Paper C. In Paper B, an explicit finite element model of the paperboard deep-drawing process was developed. An orthotropic material model with in-plane quadrant hardening was developed and verified for paper. The simulation results matched the trends from experimental deep-drawing up to when micro-scale wrinkling occured. Since most experimental failures occur prior to wrinkling, this model provided quantitative understanding of failure in the paperboard deep-drawing process. In Paper C, an explicit finite element model of paper hydroforming, utilizing the same material model for paper materials as in Paper B, was developed and verified. The simulation results matched well with experimental results, and a parametric study with the finite element model produced quantitative understanding of the hydroforming process for paper materials. Additionally, drying was identified as an important phenomenon for determining the extent of formability of paper materials.Papper har länge använts som förpackningsmaterial men traditionella pappers- och kartongförpackningar är begränsade i form och design. Olika 3-D formnings processor har studerats för att möjliggöra mer avancerade pappersbaserade förpackningar. Effekterna av fukt och temperatur på pappers mekaniska egenskaper har också undersökts eftersom fukt och temperatur har stor betydelse för slutresultatet i 3-D formningsprocesser. I Artikel A har den kombinerade effekten av fukt och temperatur på de uniaxiella mekaniska egenskaperna av papper undersökts experimentellt. Dessa experiment visar hur fukt och temperatur påverkar både elastiska och plastiska egenskaper hos papper samt ligger till grund för modelleringen av inverkan av fukt och temperatur i Artikel C. I Artikel B har en explicit finita element modell för djupdragning av kartong utvecklas. En ortotropisk materialmodell baserad på en rektangulär flytyta har utvecklats och verifierats för kartong. Simuleringen följde trenderna i experimenten fram till den punkt där mikroskopiska rynkor bildas. Resultaten från analyserna med modellen ger kvantitativ förståelse för materialbrott i djupdragningsprocessen eftersom de flesta experimentella materialbrott inträffar innan mikroskopiska rynkor bildas. I Artikel C har ett explicit finita element modell av hydroformning av papper baserad på materialmodellen från Paper B utvecklats och verifierats mot experimentell hydroformning av papper. En parameterstudie med finitaelement-modellen producerade kvantitativ förståelse för hydroformningsprocessen för papper. Dessutom identifieras torkning som ett viktigt fenomen för att fastställa graden av formbarheten för pappersmaterial.
QC 20150907
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Amaitik, Saleh Mohammed. "Development Of A Step Feature-based Intelligent Process Planning System For Prismatic Parts." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606104/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Computer aided process planning (CAPP) is generally acknowledged as a significant activity to achieve Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). In coping with the dynamic changes in the modern manufacturing environment, the awareness of developing integrated and intelligent CAPP systems has been raised in an attempt to generate more successful implementation of intelligent manufacturing systems.
The main objective of this research work has been to develop an integrated intelligent process planning system that helps designers and process planners to improve their design and planning in the early stages of the product life cycle. In
order to achieve this goal, the following specific objectives have been accomplished:
(1) Developed a STEP-based feature modeler for building mechanical parts using high-level 3D solid features as the basic design entities. The modeler is capable of generating high-level product data in XML format according to
ISO 10303-AP224 standard. This file can be used to integrate into CAPP/CAM systems without using a complex feature recognition process.
(2) Developed a STEP-based intelligent process planning system for prismatic parts. The system maps STEP AP224 XML data file and produces the corresponding machining operations to generate a digital process plan in XML format according to ISO 14649 (STEP-NC) standard. A Hybrid
approach of most recent techniques of artificial intelligence (neural networks, fuzzy logic and rule-based) is used as the inference engine of the developed system.
Three neural network models are implemented to select machining operations, cutting tools, and machine tools. Several fuzzy logic models are utilized to select machining parameters for different machining operations, work material, and tool material combinations. The rule-based functions are utilized to perform operation sequence and setup planning.
An object-oriented approach has been used in the definition and implementation of the developed system. This approach offers advantages of incremental system development and reusability. The developed system is integrated
with AutoCAD using Activex automation interface. Several examples have been presented to demonstrate and verify the applicability of the developed system.
Finally, this research will contribute significantly to the applicability of advanced artificial intelligent techniques in CAPP systems. The implementation of STEP technology in this research will support the integration of CAPP system with
other systems in CIM environment. The developed system is intended to be an effective concurrent engineering tool that bridges the gap between design and manufacturing.
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Norrlander, Amanda. "Agents of Change or Not? A Case Study of Earthchild Project in South Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324814.
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This present case study is exploring whether an Education for Sustainable Development initiative, as exemplified by the South African Earthchild Project (ECP), which is focused on yoga, environmental education and hiking, can empower children and enhance their agency to become agents of change for Sustainable Development. With empowerment and agency theories as a backdrop, a quasi-experimental design is adopted. A drawing method is used in combination with follow-up interviews with an experimental group (children exposed to ECP) and a control group (children not exposed to ECP). Additional data were collected by a focus group session, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. These additional sources are youth who have been members of ECP for numerous years. The findings of this research suggest that that children and youth who are exposed to ECP’s activities are more empowered and have more agency in terms of Sustainable Development than those who are not exposed. Taking into account the study’s limitations and imperfections, it can be concluded that ECP, using an ESD-inspired approach, is meeting its intended objectives.
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Doyduk, Ugras. "An Urban Renewal Story In Ankara Metropolitan Area:case Study Cevizlidere." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609514/index.pdf.
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Globalization has created a theoretically supra-national, borderless world which encompasses a combination of urban economies and societies, displacing them from
localities through mobilization of labor and capital based on strong telecommunicational network relations. The dimensions of global-local relationship is defined in diversification at each level of globalization, creating heterogeneous,global-local relations expressed through the new concept of governance which involves concepts of rule of law, transperancy, responsiveness, equity,effectiveness and efficiency, accountability, strategic vision. The concepts of urban
legibility and imageability are based on these new concepts for creation of sustainable and livable places by reorganization and renewal of urban physical structure.
Urban renewal, which aims to change urban environment according to planning in order to conform with present and future requirements for urban living and working
is a political process in essence, the physical urban structure that rises on a renewal site is the result of political decisions about allocation of resources. Urban renewal is not only re-building of physical urban tissue but involves change in used of land and buildings through re-planning, comprehensive re-development of land,preservation, conservation, rehabilitation, sustainable development, liveability and
gentrification.This thesis aims at exploring the laws of urban renewal and clarification and recognition of dynamics of it which will be integrated with the spatial and social
evolution of a typical gecekondu district subject to transformation. Following the review of theory of urban renewal, its current implementations and approaches,
unauthorized housing in Turkey and relevant legal aspects and renewal implementations are discussed along with examples from other countries. The study then concentrates on a specific implementation in a gecekondu area renewed in a
legal framework through Improvement and Development Plans, keeping in mind comparisons with renewal though special transformation projects. The study shows that renewal through Improvement and Development Plans in Cevizlidere, did not approach the renewal process through a feasible transformation policy, integrating it with the city plans and left implementation to developers motivated by
maximization of personal rent gain. The aim of legalization of squatter houses was realized but renewal failed to reach the target groups urging most of them to relocate elsewhere in the city, replaced them by a very different socio-economic
group in the area, creating an unwholesome, unaesthetic physical tissue with a congested building stock and physical environment in Balgat in general and Cevizlidere in particular.
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Puspitawati, Ira. "The development of children's perception of hierarchical patterns : an investigation across tasks and populations." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679986.
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The thesis investigated the development of children's global/local processing hierarchical patterns introduced by Navon (1977). The objectives were to understand more comprehensively the developmental characteristics of children's perception through their global and local processing of hierarchical patterns, by considering the effects of age, stimuli properties, duration of exposure to the stimuli and gender in a perceptual task and a drawing task. These effects were tested in 3 different populations: typically developing children, children with mental retardation and early blind children. The results revealed that typically developing children attended to both the local and global level of processing but these modes of spatial information processing operated independently. In a first step, children before 4 years of age showed dominance of local processing and then a more global processing developed at 4 years of age, and at 5 years of age integrated responses began to emerge. Early blind children showed similar developmental characteristics, although there was a protracted period of local processing dominance. Indeed, these children mainly produced local responses at ages of between 6 and 10 years, and then developed more global responses at 11-12 years and continued to integrate the two levels of analysis at later ages. On the other hand, global dominance was shown in children with mental retardation and their development was affected more by mental age than by chronological age. Moreover, their responses were shown to be sensitive to the fact that meaningful object could be located at the local level, enhancing local processing in this case. These results need further confirmations as the studies of global/local processing in atypical children are not numerous. In particular, the effect of duration of exposure to the stimuli should be further analyzed, because this factor did not seem to have a great effect in our experiments while it seemed more powerful in other studies carried out with adults. Replication of the study with children with mental retardation appears also important to plan for future work, because we can have some doubt relatively the absence of modification through ages of the way these children perceive hierarchical patterns. Finally, defining more precisely what may underlie the gender differences seems also worth to explore since gender did not show a major effect in our results.
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Pinheiro, Nélio [UNESP]. "Formação em moda no caminho da sustentabilidade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89728.
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As questões ambientais vêm sendo cada vez mais estudadas e discutidas por diversos segmentos da sociedade incluindo empresas, governos e instituições de ensino que atuam nas mais variadas áreas de pesquisa. O design como área de conhecimento, também cria propostas de forma a combater a degradação do meio ambiente e possibilitar um futuro mais sustentável. O presente estudo, que se caracteriza como pesquisa qualitativa, tem como objetivo a compreensão dos significados e das características presentes nas ações de formação superior , em design de moda, atreladas a questões que envolvem moda e sustentabilidade. Para tanto, analisou-se o impacto que a formação acadêmica exerce sobre os estudantes de design e a importância das histórias de vida na formação e na atuação, onde o pessoal e o profissional se encontram. Foram analisados processos de produção que utilizam resíduos gerados pelas empresas, tanto do pesquisador quanto dos sujeitos entrevistados, ações de ensino na disciplina de ecodesign e, ainda, dois Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso desenvolvidos em diferentes universidades, mas que versam sobre a mesma temática. O estudo aponta o quanto se faz necessário considerar as trajetórias pessoais e profissionais na formação do design, assim como, é imprescindível que se atende para o desenvolvimento de produtos de moda vinculados à sustentabilildade, de uma maneira mais ampla, e não somente pelo reuso de retraços têxteis, mas que abrange as dimensões social, econômica, ecológica e cultural
Environmental matters have been increasingly studied and discussed by different segments of society including campanies, governments and educational institutions that act on various research fields. Design as an area of knowledge, also creates proposals as a way of fighting the environment degradation and enabling a more sustainable future. The current study, which is characterized as a qualitative research, aims to comprehend the meaning and the present characteristics of the actions of superior education, is fashion design, linked to questions involving fashion and sustainability. Therefore, an analysis was made on the impact that educational training has on design students and the importance of the life stories during education and performance, where the personal and the professional meet each other. It was analyzed production processes that use wastes generated by companies, from the research as much as the interviewees, teachings in the Ecodesign subject, and also two Course Conclusion Papers developed in different universities, but that has the same theme. The study shows how necessary it is to consider the personal and professional journeys on the Designer's formation, and also how important it is to focus on the development of fashion products related to sustainability, in a general way, not only for the reuse of textile remains, but convering the social, economic, ecological and cultural dimensions
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Pinheiro, Nélio. "Formação em moda no caminho da sustentabilidade /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89728.
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Orientador: Aniceh Farah NevesBanca: Monica Moura
Banca: Ronaldo Alexandre de Oliveira
Resumo: As questões ambientais vêm sendo cada vez mais estudadas e discutidas por diversos segmentos da sociedade incluindo empresas, governos e instituições de ensino que atuam nas mais variadas áreas de pesquisa. O design como área de conhecimento, também cria propostas de forma a combater a degradação do meio ambiente e possibilitar um futuro mais sustentável. O presente estudo, que se caracteriza como pesquisa qualitativa, tem como objetivo a compreensão dos significados e das características presentes nas ações de formação superior , em design de moda, atreladas a questões que envolvem moda e sustentabilidade. Para tanto, analisou-se o impacto que a formação acadêmica exerce sobre os estudantes de design e a importância das histórias de vida na formação e na atuação, onde o pessoal e o profissional se encontram. Foram analisados processos de produção que utilizam resíduos gerados pelas empresas, tanto do pesquisador quanto dos sujeitos entrevistados, ações de ensino na disciplina de ecodesign e, ainda, dois Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso desenvolvidos em diferentes universidades, mas que versam sobre a mesma temática. O estudo aponta o quanto se faz necessário considerar as trajetórias pessoais e profissionais na formação do design, assim como, é imprescindível que se atende para o desenvolvimento de produtos de moda vinculados à sustentabilildade, de uma maneira mais ampla, e não somente pelo reuso de retraços têxteis, mas que abrange as dimensões social, econômica, ecológica e cultural
Abstract: Environmental matters have been increasingly studied and discussed by different segments of society including campanies, governments and educational institutions that act on various research fields. Design as an area of knowledge, also creates proposals as a way of fighting the environment degradation and enabling a more sustainable future. The current study, which is characterized as a qualitative research, aims to comprehend the meaning and the present characteristics of the actions of superior education, is fashion design, linked to questions involving fashion and sustainability. Therefore, an analysis was made on the impact that educational training has on design students and the importance of the life stories during education and performance, where the personal and the professional meet each other. It was analyzed production processes that use wastes generated by companies, from the research as much as the interviewees, teachings in the Ecodesign subject, and also two Course Conclusion Papers developed in different universities, but that has the same theme. The study shows how necessary it is to consider the personal and professional journeys on the Designer's formation, and also how important it is to focus on the development of fashion products related to sustainability, in a general way, not only for the reuse of textile remains, but convering the social, economic, ecological and cultural dimensions
Mestre
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Pluskalová, Eva. "Implementace a využití prostředků ze strukturálních mechanismů EU v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18034.
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The aim of the thesis is to compare the financial inflows from EU to Czech republic in 2004 -- 2006 and 2007 -- 2013. The thesis focuses at the inflows from structural funds with more focus at the current period. Special attention is put at the experiences from 2004 -- 2006 and their incorporation into programs of 2007 -- 2013. It doesn't cover pre-accession finantial support, European regional cooperation a iniciatives of EU, which are mentioned for completeness' sake.
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Silva, Claudio Henrique Laval. "AVANÇOS E LIMITES DA LEI GERAL DA MICRO E DA PEQUENA EMPRESA (LC123/2006) 2006 a 2013." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2801.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-24This study was undertaken to analyze progress and limitations in the implementation of the General Law of Micro and Small Enterprises, which establishes general rules relating to differential treatment and favored small businesses, that is in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 2006- 2013. Initially defines and characterizes the Micro and Small Enterprises, describes the main problems faced and the national scene. Describes the performance of the Brazilian Service of Support for Micro and Small Enterprises (Sebrae), in the field of public policy for small business, discusses the general law with a focus on benefits established, and efforts made to that enterprises are benefited. Advances established at initial hypothesis has been signed by the analysis of data on adherence to the National Simple, to the micro entrepreneur Individual and the evolution of the volume of public purchases from micro and small enterprises. . The limits in the implementation of the General Law of MPE were appointed through field research in the representative bodies of the business forum, technical experts of law and the demands of micro and small enterprises. The main constraints identified were the Tax Substitution, the REDESIM, ignorance and impunity to the fulfillment of the Law Finishing the job general aspects reported by respondents and the hook for other work from the creation of the Department of Micro and Small Enterprise with working on your goals public policy support for micro and small enterprises are cited.
Este trabalho foi realizado para analisar os avanços e limites na implementação da Lei Geral das Micro e Pequenas Empresas, que estabelece normas gerais relativas ao tratamento diferenciado e favorecido aos pequenos negócios, de que trata a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, de 2006 a 2013. Inicialmente o trabalho define e caracteriza as Micro e Pequenas Empresas, descreve os principais problemas enfrentados e o cenário nacional. Descreve a atuação do Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (Sebrae), no campo das políticas públicas para os pequenos negócios, discorre a Lei Geral com foco nos benefícios estabelecidos, e o esforço empreendido para que as empresas sejam beneficiadas. Os avanços estabelecidos na hipótese inicial foram referendados pela análise dos dados referentes à adesão ao Simples Nacional, ao Microempreendedor Individual e pela evolução do volume de compras públicas junto às Micro e Pequenas empresas. Os limites na implementação da Lei Geral da MPE foram apontados por meio de pesquisa de campo junto a entidades representativas do fórum empresarial, técnicos conhecedores da lei e das demandas das micro e das pequenas empresas. As principais limitações apontadas foram a Substituição Tributária, a REDESIM, o desconhecimento e a impunidade ao cumprimento da Lei. Finalizando o trabalho são citados aspectos gerais relatados pelos entrevistados e o gancho para outros trabalhos a partir da criação da Secretaria da Micro e da Pequena Empresa que possui em seus objetivos trabalhar políticas públicas de apoio para as micro e pequenas empresas.
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Christensen, Mia Jane. "Children's understandings of sustainability related topics and issues: A phenomenographic investigation seen through drawings and interviews with 6-8-year-old children." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212370/1/Mia_Christensen_Thesis.pdf.
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This study explored and described the varying ways a group of 6-8-year-old children understood sustainability-related topics and issues. The findings of this study revealed children’s understandings were experienced across six increasingly complex and inclusive action-orientated categories: Providing; Regulating; Educating; Helping; Innovating; and Connecting. This study drew on the theory and methodology of phenomenography. The implications from this research are relevant to teaching practice and may shift the ways teachers, and educators think about the competence and capability of young children to be involved in addressing complex and multifaceted issues that are relevant to their lived world.