Journal articles: 'Draw materials'

1

HANSON, DAVID. "Hazardous materials transport bills draw fire." Chemical & Engineering News 68, no. 32 (August 6, 1990): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n032.p021.

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Rahbar, Ruhollah Semnani, and Mohammad Reza Mohaddes Mojtahedi. "Influence of Hot Multistage Drawing on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nylon 6 Multifilament Yarn." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 6, no. 2 (June 2011): 155892501100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501100600202.

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The effect of hot multistage drawing conditions on the structure and properties of nylon 6 fibers was investigated by varying second stage draw ratio. Total draw ratio was changed from 3.3 to 5.775 to clarify the structural changes in nylon 6 fiber at a broad range of draw ratio. The structural development of the fibers was studied with FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, and tensile testing. A continuous drop of the γ crystalline form content is observed as a function of draw ratio, in parallel with an increased content of α crystalline phase. The γ crystalline phase vanished completely at draw ratio of 4.62. Increasing draw ratio caused an increase in birefringence and no significant change occurred in crystallinity for the drawn nylon 6 fibers. Deformation behavior of drawn nylon 6 fibers has been explained in terms of applied thermal treatment and mechanical deformations which occurred in each step of multistage drawing.

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Bechtel, S. E., S. Vohra, and K. I. Jacob. "Fiber draw using draw pins under isothermal conditions." Polymer Engineering and Science 44, no. 2 (2004): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.20029.

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DAGANI, RON. "New Opportunities In Materials Science Draw Eager Organometallic Chemists." Chemical & Engineering News 72, no. 40 (October 3, 1994): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v072n040.p031.

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Chapelle, Carol A. "The spread of computer-assisted language learning." Language Teaching 43, no. 1 (May 18, 2009): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444809005850.

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This paper argues that the vertical spread of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), i.e., a spread throughout language materials and curricula, makes it difficult to draw a clear distinction between CALL and other language materials. In view of the emphasis that teachers, researchers, and administrators have placed on evaluating CALL, I argue that some valuable lessons about materials evaluation can be drawn from reflection on issues in CALL evaluation. In particular, I discuss the opportunities for professionals to reconsider assumptions held about comparative research, draw upon research perspectives and methods from applied linguistics in materials evaluation, and include critical perspectives which examine the opportunities that materials offer language learners to engage in language and culture learning.

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Thipprakmas, Sutasn. "Effect of Draw Bead Height on Wall Features in Rectangular Deep-Drawing Process Using Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1580.

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Concave/convex wall features are usually generated in the deep-drawn parts with complicated geometry, especially the difficult-to-deep draw materials. The application of the draw bead could reduce the concave/convex wall features. However, it is difficult to determine the suitable draw bead geometry and its position to obtain a straight wall. In this study, the effects of draw bead height were investigated using the finite element method (FEM) and experiments. The application of the draw bead and the effects of its height on the concave/convex wall features could be theoretically clarified on the basis of principal stress distribution. The application of draw bead led to the decrease in tensile stress in the direction of punch movement and also increased in the tensile stress distributed to the corner zone; therefore, the concave wall feature decreased. In addition, this feature decreased as the draw bead height increased. However, the application of a very large draw bead height resulted in a convex feature. The FEM simulation results were validated by experiments in the following two cases, i.e., without and with draw bead formations. With reference to the material thickness distribution, the FEM simulation results showed a good agreement with experimental results.

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Kuriyagawa, Mizue, and Koh Hei Nitta. "Semicrystalline Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polyolefin-Based Materials." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.713.

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The mechanical yielding and necking behaviors of metallocene-catalyzed high density polyethylenes were investigated from a structural point of view. In particular the natural draw ratio was investigated with different crosshead speeds, molecular weights, and the cross-section shapes of sample specimens. We proposed a structural model for explaining the necking formation in addition to the molecular weight and the cross-sectional shape dependences of the natural draw ratio.

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Ivan’kova, Elena, Igor Kasatkin, Gleb Vaganov, Vladimir Elokhovskiy, Alexander Bugrov, Vladimir Yudin, Ewa Pavlova, and Miroslav Slouf. "Morphological Transformation in Polymer Composite Materials Filled with Carbon Nanoparticles: Part 1—SEM and XRD Investigations." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103531.

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HDPE-based nanocomposite fibers have been extruded from a melt and drawn up to draw ratio DR = 8. Two kinds of carbon nanodiscs (original ones and those exposed to additional annealing) have been used as fillers. Obtained nanocomposite fibers have been investigated with the help of different experimental methods: rheology, SEM and WAXS. It has been demonstrated that the annealed carbon nanodiscs possess a nucleation ability that finally leads to strong transformation of the material morphology.

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9

Telford, Mark. "Tougher nanotube fibers a hot draw." Materials Today 8, no. 12 (December 2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(05)71273-6.

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10

Wu, Yanhuang, Wenhua Zhang, and Qingchun Ge. "Piperazine-Based Functional Materials as Draw Solutes for Desalination via Forward Osmosis." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 11 (September 14, 2018): 14170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02796.

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11

Porter, Douglas, and Ron W. Anthony. "Tramways, Draw Works and Flumes." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.990.

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The settlement of the American West was directly dependent on the extraction of resources including minerals, precious metals, timber, and the commerce that resulted. The infrastructure that developed around these extraction activities was intended to be merely functional, and therefore temporary. Readily available forest resources made timber structures relatively inexpensive and easy to build; they could be put into service quickly and were adequate to immediate needs. Many of these structures survive today at former mining and milling sites, along with remnants of the railroad lines that served them. Together they provide a compelling picture of the development of the American West and the technologies used to extract, refine, and transport the materials that initiated settlement of the region. Preservation of these sites and structures poses many interesting problems: Most of the structures were designed to meet short-term needs and have already outlasted their intended service life; Most of the structures were strictly utilitarian, and maintenance of them was discontinued when mining or logging operations ceased; Exposure of these structures to severe weather conditions is typical. The structures are at remote sites and access is extremely limited; Many of the structures are dangerous due to the extent of deterioration and proximity to open mines, adits, and industrial waste. In this presentation, the authors will use three case studies to illustrate preservation issues common to remote resource extraction sites, techniques used to access the timber structures, and some of the stabilization strategies implemented at each of the sites. The case studies include the aerial tramway of the Keane Wonder Mine in Death Valley National Park, the Cable Mountain Draw Works in Zion National Park, and the Hanging Flume in Colorado.

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Balaban, Alexandru T. "Clar Formulas: How to Draw and How not to Draw Formulas of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 24, no. 2 (March 2004): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406630490424124.

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13

Yoo, H. J. "Draw resonance in polypropylene melt spinning." Polymer Engineering and Science 27, no. 3 (February 1987): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760270304.

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14

Humphreys, J., E. L. V. Lewis, I. M. Ward, E. L. Nix, and J. C. McGrath. "A study of the mechanical anisotropy of high-draw, low-draw, and voided PVDF." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26, no. 1 (January 1988): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260108.

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15

Song, Jung-Han, Hoon Huh, and Se-Ho Kim. "Stress-Based Springback Reduction of a Channel Shaped Auto-Body Part With High-Strength Steel Using Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129, no. 3 (January 16, 2007): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2744399.

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In this paper, an optimum design is carried out with finite element analysis to determine process parameters which reduce the amount of springback and improve shape accuracy of a deep drawn product with the channel shape. Without springback simulation usually performed with an implicit solving scheme, the study uses the amount of stress deviation through the sheet thickness direction in the deep drawn product as an indicator of springback. The simulation incorporates the explicit elasto-plastic finite element method for calculation of the final shape and the stress deviation of the final product. The optimization method adopts the response surface methodology in order to seek the optimum condition of process parameters such as the blank holding force and the draw-bead force. The present optimization scheme is applied to the design of the variable blank holding force in the U-draw bending process and the application is further extended to the design of draw-bead force in a front side member formed with advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) sheets made of DP600. Results demonstrate that the optimum design of process parameters decreases the stress deviation throughout the thickness of the sheet and reduces the amount of springback of the channel shaped part. The present analysis provides a guideline in the tool design stage for controlling the evolution of springback based on the finite element simulation of complicated parts.

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16

Doudou, Bessem Ben, Eric Dargent, and Jean Grenet. "Relationship between Draw Ratio and Strain-Induced Crystallinity in Uniaxially Hot-Drawn PET MXD6 Films." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 21, no. 3 (July 2005): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087905058248.

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17

Hartanto, Yusak, Masoumeh Zargar, Xiaolin Cui, Bo Jin, and Sheng Dai. "Non-ionic copolymer microgels as high-performance draw materials for forward osmosis desalination." Journal of Membrane Science 572 (February 2019): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.042.

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18

Charlton, Alexander J., Boyue Lian, Gaetan Blandin, Greg Leslie, and Pierre Le-Clech. "Impact of FO Operating Pressure and Membrane Tensile Strength on Draw-Channel Geometry and Resulting Hydrodynamics." Membranes 10, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10050111.

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In an effort to improve performances of forward osmosis (FO) systems, several innovative draw spacers have been proposed. However, the small pressure generally applied on the feed side of the process is expected to result in the membrane bending towards the draw side, and in the gradual occlusion of the channel. This phenomenon potentially presents detrimental effects on process performance, including pressure drop and external concentration polarization (ECP) in the draw channel. A flat sheet FO system with a dot-spacer draw channel geometry was characterized to determine the degree of draw channel occlusion resulting from feed pressurization, and the resulting implications on flow performance. First, tensile testing was performed on the FO membrane to derive a Young’s modulus, used to assess the membrane stretching, and the resulting draw channel characteristics under a range of moderate feed pressures. Membrane apex reached up to 67% of the membrane channel height when transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 1.4 bar was applied. The new FO channels considerations were then processed by computational fluid dynamics model (computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by ANSYS Fluent v19.1) and validated against previously obtained experimental data. Further simulations were conducted to better assess velocity profiles, Reynolds number and shear rate. Reynolds number on the membrane surface (draw side) increased by 20% and shear rate increased by 90% when occlusion changed from 0 to 70%, impacting concentration polarisation (CP) on the membrane surface and therefore FO performance. This paper shows that FO draw channel occlusion is expected to have a significant impact on fluid hydrodynamics when the membrane is not appropriately supported in the draw side.

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PANEK, JOEL C., SWAN D. SMITH, and DOUGLAS W. COFFIN. "Creasing severity and reverse-side cracking." April 2020 19, no. 4 (May 1, 2020): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.4.219.

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Crease cracking can be detrimental to the functionality and appearance of paperboard-based pack-aging. The effect of creasing severity on the degree of reverse-side crease cracking (bead-side of the crease) of paperboard was investigated. Samples were creased with a range of rule and channel geometries, and the cracking degree was quantified as the percent of cracked length relative to the total length of the crease. The cracking degree was typically below 5% at low crease penetration depths, but was exponentially higher beyond a critical penetration depth. A rule and channel combination with a wider clearance shifted the critical depth to larger values. The creasing severity parameter, termed the creasing draw, converged the cracking degree data from different rule and channel combinations to a single curve. The creasing draw was derived from the same analytical expres-sions as the transverse shear strain and quantifies the length of paper that is drawn into the channel during creasing. The critical draw is defined as the draw at which cracking becomes greater than 5%, which corresponds with the point at which cracking becomes exponential. The critical draw is a material/system parameter that defines the level below which cracking is minimal.

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20

Yildirim, Kenan, Sule Altun, and Yusuf Ulcay. "Relationship between Yarn Properties and Process Parameters in False-Twist Textured Yarn." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 4, no. 2 (June 2009): 155892500900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892500900400205.

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The properties of false-twist textured yarns in the aspects of crimp characteristic and tensile behavior depend mainly on the draw ratio and the D/Y ratio. This study comprises investigations of the effect of D/Y ratio and draw ratio on the crimp and tensile properties and percent crystallinity. While there was no noticeable change on the percent crystallinity by altering these parameters, tenacity increased and crimp contraction decreased with increasing draw ratio, and crimp stability decreased when the D/Y ratio increased. K/S value also decreased with increasing draw ratio.

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21

Harrison, Philip, and Luis Felipe Gonzalez Camacho. "Deep draw induced wrinkling of engineering fabrics." International Journal of Solids and Structures 212 (March 2021): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2020.12.003.

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22

Zhang, Zhenya, Wentao Liu, Hao Liu, Aihua Sun, Yeonwoo Yoo, Suqin He, Chengshen Zhu, and Mingcheng Yang. "The Thermal Behavior of γ-PA1010: Evolution of Structure and Morphology in the Simultaneous Thermal Stretched Films." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071722.

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In this work, polyamide 1010 (PA1010) films were prepared by melt-quenching. A wide-angle X-ray diffractometer (WAXD) with a thermal stretching stage was used to investigate the structure transformation, crystallinity and degree of orientation in the course of simultaneous thermally stretched PA1010. The crystallinity increased along with the increase of draw ratio and then decreased as the draw ratio was over 2.00 times—which the maximum value reached when the draw ratio was about 2.00 times. The degree of orientation of γ-PA1010 was much greater at higher temperature than room temperature (RT); the difference gradually became weaker with the increase of draw ratio. There was a linear relationship between the draw ratios and tensile force at higher temperatures, and the tensile force increased with the increase of draw ratios. The tensile force may induce crystallization and promote orientation in the course of simultaneous thermally stretched PA1010. These phenomena are beneficial to understand the structure-processing-performance relationship and provide some theoretical basis for the processing and production.

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23

Barros, Pedro D., M. C. Oliveira, J. L. Alves, and L. F. Menezes. "Pre-strain effect on springback of 2D draw bending." International Journal of Materials Engineering Innovation 4, no. 2 (2013): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmatei.2013.054395.

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24

Mirjafari, Arsalan. "Ionic liquid syntheses via click chemistry: expeditious routes toward versatile functional materials." Chemical Communications 54, no. 24 (2018): 2944–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc00372f.

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The application of click reaction (e.g. CuAAC, thiol–X, oxime formation and nucleophilic ring opening) has recently begun to draw attention for efficient and robust synthesis of new functional ionic liquids, requiring minimal purification.

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Pap, Zsolt, Éva Karácsonyi, Lucian Baia, Lucian Cristian Pop, Virginia Danciu, Klára Hernádi, Károly Mogyorósi, and András Dombi. "TiO2 /WO3 /Au/MWCNT composite materials for photocatalytic hydrogen production: Advantages and draw-backs." physica status solidi (b) 249, no. 12 (October 22, 2012): 2592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201200095.

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26

Zhang, A., P. Lu, N. Yang, and Z. Wu. "Thermal Analysis of PE Extended Chain Crystal of PE Extended Chain Crystal from Gel Spinning." International Polymer Processing 2, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-1987-0024.

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Abstract It has been recognized that ultra-high strength and high modulus ultra-highly drawn Polyethylene (PE) fiber is produced from the formation of extended chain crystal. Nevertheless, whether extended chain crystal exists in gel spinning ultra-highly drawn PE fiber is still an unsettled question. In this work, decalin was adopted as a solvent for PE gel spinning. By means of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction methods etc, the existence of extended chain crystal was explored. Reasons for confusion in previous studies of this problem were discussed. In PE fiber from 3 wt-°/o dope, extended chain crystal starts to form during draw ratios over 20. When draw ratio equals 42, the content of extended chain crystal roughly equals that of folded chain crystal. The melting point of extended chain crystal is 6°C higher than that of folded chain crystal. They are 145.5° C and 150° C to 152.5° C respectively. The latter would slightly rise with arise of draw ratio. Multi-crystallization behavior of annealed PE fiber was determined and discussed. It was also confirmed that there is a linear logarithm relationship between thermal shrinkage (internal stresses) and fiber moduli.

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Goffin, Nicholas, Lewis C. R. Jones, John Tyrer, Jinglei Ouyang, Paul Mativenga, and Elliot Woolley. "Characterisation of Laser System Power Draws in Materials Processing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4020048.

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Due to their high speed and versatility, laser processing systems are now commonplace in many industrial production lines. However, as the need to reduce the environmental impact from the manufacturing industry becomes more urgent, there is the opportunity to evaluate laser processing systems to identify opportunities to improve energy efficiencies and thus reduce their carbon footprint. While other researchers have studied laser processing, the majority of previous work on laser systems has focused on the beam–material interaction, overlooking the whole system viewpoint and the significance of support equipment. In this work, a methodical approach is taken to design a set of energy modelling terminologies and develop a structured power metering system for laser systems. A 300 W fibre laser welding system is used to demonstrate the application of the power characterization system by utilizing a purpose-built power meter. The laser is broken down according to sub-system, with each part analysed separately to give a complete overall power analysis, including all auxiliary units. The results show that the greatest opportunities for efficiency improvements lie in the auxiliary units that support the laser devices as these were responsible for a majority of the electrical draw; 63.1% when the laser was operated at 240 W, and increasing as the beam power reduced. The remaining power draw was largely apportioned to electrical supply inefficiencies. In this work, the laser device delivered a maximum of 6% of the total system power. The implications of these results on laser processing system design are then discussed as is the suitability of the characterization process for use by industry on a range of specific laser processing systems.

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Joo, Byeong Don, Jeong Hwan Jang, Hyun Jong Lee, and Young Hoon Moon. "Characteristics of Rotary Draw-Bent Tubes for the Hydroforming." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.320.

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Hydroformed parts have higher dimensional accuracy, structural strength, and dimensional repeatability. The pre-bending process is an important process for the successful hydroforming in the case where the perimeter of the blank is nearly the same as that of final product. At initial pre-bending stage, the variations of wall thickness and cross-section have effects on the accuracy of final products and quality. Because of a relatively excellent productive velocity, geometric size precision and reliance of product qualities, rotary draw bending is widely used. This study shows the bendability such as cross-section ovality, springback ratio and thickness variation in the various conditions of materials.

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Lazarova, Zornitsa, Hristina Tankova, and Maya Rashkova. "FEAR ASSESSMENT WITH THE ‘DRAW A PERSON’ TEST OF THE DENTAL TREATMENT IN SPARING ENZYME-BASED EXCAVATION OF CARIES IN CHILDREN BETWEEN 4 AND 6 YEARS OF AGE." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 27, no. 4 (October 18, 2021): 4043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2021274.4043.

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Aim The aim of the study is to assess fear with the ‘Draw a Person’ test in sparing enzyme-based excavation with Brix 3000 and conventional excavation when treating carious lesions in primary teeth. Materials and Methods The study involves 72 children aged 4-6. The enzyme-based excavation was used at 42 of the children and for the remaining 30 – conventional excavation with a bur. Each child has to complete the ‘Draw a Person’ Test: at home, before and after dental treatment in the dental office. The height of each figure is measured in centimeters using a ruler. Results and Conclusions Immediately prior to the dental treatment, a double reduction in the size of the figure in both groups could be observed, as compared to the figure drawn at home, which refers to an increase in the fear level. After the end of the treatment, in both groups, an increase could be observed as to the height of the figure drawn, and there is the impression that the height of the figures, drawn by children, where the carious lesions were excavated with Brix 3000 are closer to the figures drawn at home, compared to children treated using the conventional method.

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Gnäupel-Herold, Thomas, Daniel E. Green, Tim Foecke, and Mark Iadicola. "Through-Thickness Stresses in Automotive Sheet Metal after Plane Strain Channel Draw." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.433.

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A series of samples from four automotive materials - AKDQ, HSLA50, DP600, and AA6022-T43 - were deformed in a channel draw processes with different levels of draw bead penetration. As a result, varying magnitudes of deformations in plane strain mode and residual stresses were obtained. Through-thickness stress profiles were obtained non-destructively using a novel, high resolution X-ray diffraction technique.

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Jendrlin, Martin, Suntisak Khumngern, Apon Numnuam, Panote Thavarungkul, Proespichaya Kanatharana, Dmitry Kirsanov, Vladimir L. Zholobenko, Lukasz Mendecki, and Aleksandar Radu. "Ion sensing pencil: Draw your own sensor." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 337 (June 2021): 129751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.129751.

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Panda, Prasanta K., Sachin R. Tambe, and Amol G. Thite. "Zinc oxide nanorod as effective reinforcing material for enhancing β phase crystal in poly(vinylidene fluoride) filaments." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 25 (April 27, 2020): 3833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320921548.

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The present work is an attempt to demonstrate that incorporation of small amount of zinc oxide nanorods enhances the β crystal percentage, which is essential for improvement in piezo-electric performance of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fiber. The zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized with aspect ratio of 26 and uniformly dispersed in PVDF by melt compounding process. Those compounded polymers were melt spun and subsequently cold drawn to obtain composite filaments. The effect of nanostructure, loading amount, melt draw ratio, cold draw ratio, and drawing temperature was investigated. The incorporation of nanorods resulted in 14% increase in β phase crystal content compared to control PVDF filaments. The β phase crystal content has been analyzed using the wide-angle X ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. This increase in β phase crystal content was 10% more compared to circular zinc oxide nanoparticle reinforced PVDF composite filament. There was no significant change in mechanical properties of the composite filaments compared to the control PVDF filament.

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Zhu, Zi Xin. "Research on Nano Materials Tennis Rackets." Advanced Materials Research 507 (April 2012): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.507.75.

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Research the application of nano materials in tennis rackets. This paper reviews the material development for tennis rackets and analyzes the differences of performance and price of various materials. It then summarizes the current application of nano material in tennis rackets and its pros and cons, and finally proposes reasonable usages of nano material, providing reference for the scientific development of nano tennis rackets. We can draw the conclusion that the application of nano materials in tennis has improves the performance of tennis rackets and promotes the scientific, personalized and humanized development of tennis, but the trend is to develop safer and more desirable nano tennis rackets with appropriate nano materials.

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Roberts, J. "Zircon Markets Draw a Line in the Sand." Interceram - International Ceramic Review 63, no. 4-5 (August 2014): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03401055.

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35

Zhu, X. Y. "How to Draw Energy Level Diagrams in Excitonic Solar Cells." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 5, no. 13 (June 17, 2014): 2283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz5008438.

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36

Behrens, Bernd-Arno, Jürgen Rosenberger, Dietmar Süße, and Volker Ulbricht. "Cost-efficient fabrication of load-adapted profiles by draw bending." International Journal of Material Forming 2, S1 (August 2009): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-009-0461-5.

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Wu, Ai-xiang, Li-chun Jiang, and Jia-sheng Chen. "Mobility factors of cracked ore in vibrating-ore draw shafts." Journal of Central South University of Technology 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-005-0208-5.

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38

Flynn, Alison B., and Ryan B. Featherstone. "Language of mechanisms: exam analysis reveals students' strengths, strategies, and errors when using the electron-pushing formalism (curved arrows) in new reactions." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 18, no. 1 (2017): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6rp00126b.

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This study investigated students' successes, strategies, and common errors in their answers to questions that involved the electron-pushing (curved arrow) formalism (EPF), part of organic chemistry's language. We analyzed students' answers to two question types on midterms and final exams: (1) draw the electron-pushing arrows of a reaction step, given the starting materials and products; and (2) draw the products of a reaction step, given the starting materials and electron-pushing arrows. For both question types, students were given unfamiliar reactions. The goal was for students to gain proficiency—or fluency—using and interpreting the EPF. By first becoming fluent, students should have lower cognitive load demands when learning subsequent concepts and reactions, positioning them to learn more deeply. Students did not typically draw reversed or illogical arrows, but there were many other error types. Scores on arrows questions were significantly higher than on products questions. Four factors correlated with lower question scores, including: compounds bearing implicit atoms, intramolecular reactions, assessment year, and the conformation of reactants drawn on the page. We found little evidence of analysis strategies such as expanding or mapping structures. We also found a new error type that we describe as picking up electrons and setting them down on a different atom. These errors revealed the difficulties that arose even before the students had to consider the chemical meaning and implications of the reactions. Herein, we describe our complete findings and suggestions for instruction, including videos that we created to teach the EPF.

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Tascan, Mevlut. "Optimization of Process Parameters of Wet-Spun Solid PVDF fibers for Maximizing the Tensile Strength and Applied Force at Break and Minimizing the Elongation at Break using the Taguchi Method." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 1 (March 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900119.

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PVDF polymer is well known with its high strength, toughness and piezoelectric properties. It is commonly used in film form for sensor applications, mechanical actuators, energy harvesters, artificial muscles, and membranes. PVDF polymer is also used as hollow fiber membranes in filtration applications, such as nanofiber-web produced using electrospinning and as solid PVDF fiber produced using melt spinning for research purposes. According to a literature study, research on PVDF solid fiber production using wet spinning is limited. This article is about the optimization of the process parameters of wet-spun solid PVDF fibers for maximizing the tensile strength and applied force at break and minimizing the elongation at break using the Taguchi Method. According to the results, the highest applied force at break was achieved when PVDF fiber made from the process parameters of 12 rpm pump speed, 1.5 mm spinneret diameter, 1.0 draw ratio, and 40°C draw temperature. The highest tensile strength was achieved when PVDF fiber was made from the process parameters of 8 rpm pump speed, 1mm spinneret diameter, 2.0 draw ratio, and 40°C draw temperature. The minimum elongation at break was achieved when PVDF fiber was made from the process parameters of 4 rpm pump speed, 1.5 mm spinneret diameter, 2.0 draw ratio, and 25°C draw temperature. These results may prove that process parameters could be used for the further production of the PVDF fibers. Additionally, the Taguchi method was found to be reliable for optimizing the wet spinning of PVDF fibers.

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Lewis, E. L. V., and I. M. Ward. "A study of the mechanical anisotropy in shear of high-draw, low-draw, and voided poly(vinylidene fluoride)." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27, no. 7 (June 1989): 1375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1989.090270701.

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Serkov, A. T., M. B. Radishevskii, and Yu V. Afanas'eva. "Mechanism of draw resonance in chemical fibre spinning." Fibre Chemistry 32, no. 3 (May 2000): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02361054.

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Oleksik, Mihaela, Nicolae Cofaru, and Valentin Oleksik. "Experimental Studies Regarding Mechanical Behaviour of Textile Reinforcements Laminated Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.348.

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The aim of this paper is to determine the mechanical properties of textile reinforcements laminated composite material and to establish the influence of thickness about these properties. The composite material used for this is a laminated sheet of HGW 2082. In order to study the mechanical behaviour of these kinds of materials we select two experimental tests: uniaxial test and bending test. For the uniaxial test we have measured the maximum load, the maximum extension, the maximum tensile stress and the maximum tensile strain. Also, using an optical extensometer we measured the major and the minor strains. For the bending test we measured the maximum load and the maximum bending deflection and the major and minor strains. After the uniaxial tension tests we can draw that we obtained the following results: the maximum value of the local major strain and equivalent strain decreases with the increase of the specimen thickness. After the bending test we can draw the following conclusions: the maximum value of the bending deflection decreases with the increase of the specimen thickness while the maximum value of the local major strain increases with the increase of the specimen thickness.

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Bejan, Adrian, and Sylvie Lorente. "Vascularized Multi-Functional Materials and Structures." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.511.

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Here we draw attention to the development of smart materials with embedded vasculatures that provide multiple functionality: volumetric cooling, self-healing, mechanical strength, etc. Vascularization is achieved by using tree-shaped (dendritic) and grid-shaped flow architectures. As length scales become smaller, dendritic vascularization provides dramatically superior volumetric bathing and transport properties than the use of bundles of parallel microchannels. Embedded grids of channels provide substantially better volumetric bathing when the channels have multiple diameters that are selected optimally and put in the right places. Two novel dendritic architectures are proposed: trees matched canopy to canopy, and trees that alternate with upside down trees. Both have optimized length scales and layouts. Flow architectures are derived from principle, in accordance with constructal theory, not by mimicking nature.

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Cho, Jin-Ho, Hyun Il Lee, Jae Won Heo, and Sung-Sahn Lee. "Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes According to the Presence or Absence of a Posterior Draw Force during Graft Fixation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Medicina 58, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58121787.

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Background and Objectives: A reduction forced toward the posterior side during graft fixation may help to lessen anterior tibial translation after ACL reconstruction. The purpose was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of graft fixation when a posterior draw was used and when it was not used during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Materials and Methods: Of 110 patients who had undergone primary arthroscopic ACL reconstruction between January 2017 and August 2020, in all, 76 patients had been operated on without a posterior draw (non-draw group), and 34 patients had received surgery with a posterior draw (draw group). The results of the Lachman test and the pivot-shift test, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) indexes, the Lysholm scores, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores, and side-to-side difference (STSD) on stress radiography were compared between the two groups. Results: The postoperative WOMAC indexes, Lysholm scores, and IKDC subjective scores were similar across both groups. Postoperative STSD (2.4 ± 2.2 for the non-draw group vs. 2.0 ± 2.2 for the draw group; p = 0.319) and change in STSD (3.5 ± 3.5 for preoperative STSD vs. 4.3 ± 4.4 for postoperative STSD; p = 0.295) were not superior in the draw group. Conclusions: The take-home message is that graft fixation with a posterior draw during ACL reconstruction did not result in significantly better postoperative stability. The postoperative clinical outcomes were similar between both groups.

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Rajagukguk, Pahala Bp, Abdul Muin Sibuea, and Julaga Situmorang. "PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR DESAIN GRAFIS COREL DRAW BERBASIS KECAKAPAN HIDUP (LIFE SKILLS) PADA LEMBAGA KURSUS DAN PELATIHAN (LKP)." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI & KOMUNIKASI DALAM PENDIDIKAN 6, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jtikp.v6i2.16959.

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Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Bahan Ajar Desain Grafis Corel Draw Berbasis Kecakapan Hidup, dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dan keefektifan Bahan Ajar Desain Grafis Corel Draw Berbasis Kecakapan Hidup. Penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan pengembangan model Borg and Gall dan pengembangan bahan ajar merujuk pada Dick and Carey. Ujicoba dilakukan pada peserta didik LKP Central Com Kota Gunung Sitoli Nias. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Uji ahli materi pelajaran desain grafis corel draw berada pada kriteriasangat baik dan layak, (2) Uji ahli media pembelajaran berada pada kriteria sangat baik dan layak, (3) Uji ahli desain pembelajaran berada pada kriteria sangat baik dan layak, (4) uji coba perorangan berada pada kriteria sangat baik, (5) Uji coba kelompok kecil berada pada kriteria sangat baik, (6) Uji coba lapangan berada pada kriteria sangat baik, (7) Bahan Ajar Desain Grafis Corel Draw Berbasis PKH pada LKP sangat efektif digunakan . Hal ini terlihat dari hasil penelitian, yaitu pada peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan bahan ajar ini, ditemukan bahwa skor hasil belajar dari 26 responden diperoleh skor terkecil 65 dan skor tertinggi 90, nilai rata-rata 76,54 dan standar deviasi 5,96. Pada peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan tidak menggunakan Buku Ajar Desain Grafis Corel Draw Berbasis Kecakapan Hidup pada LKP, ditemukan bahwa skor hasil belajar dari 26 responden didapat skor terkecil 55 dan skor tertinggi 80, nilai rata-rara 67,89 dan standar deviasi 6,03. Dari hasil perhitungan dipeoleh thitung = 7,22 sedangkan ttabel = 2,01. Karena thitung = 7,22 > t table = 2, 01 sehingga ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam presentasi antara peserta didik yang menggunakan Buku Ajar Desain Grafis Corel Draw Berbasis Kecakapan Hidup (PKH) pada lembaga kursus pelatihan dengan yang tidak menggunakan Buku Ajar Desain Grafis Corel Draw Berbasis Kecakapan Hidup pada LKP. Kata Kunci: pengembangan bahan ajar, desain grafis corel draw, kecakapan hidup, lembaga kursus dan pelatihan Abstract: This study aims to produce Corel Draw Graphic Design Teaching Material Based on Life Skills, and to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of Corel Draw Graphic Design Teaching Material Based on Life Skills. Development research using the Borg and Gall model development and development of teaching materials refers to Dick and Carey. The test was conducted on LKP Central Com students in Gunung Sitoli City, Nias. The results of this study indicate: (1) the expert test of corel draw graphic design subject matter is in very good and decent criteria, (2) the learning media expert test is in very good and feasible criteria, (3) the learning design expert test is in very good criteria and feasible, (4) individual trials are in very good criteria, (5) Small group trials are in very good criteria, (6) Field trials are in very good criteria, (7) Corel Draw Based Graphic Design Teaching Materials PKH on LKP is very effective to use. This is evident from the results of the study, namely in students who were taught using this teaching material, it was found that the learning outcomes score of 26 respondents obtained the smallest score of 65 and the highest score of 90, an average value of 76.54 and a standard deviation of 5.96. In students who were taught by not using Corel Draw Graphic Design Textbooks Based on Life Skills in LKP, it was found that the learning outcomes of 26 respondents obtained the smallest score of 55 and the highest score of 80, the average score of 67.89 and the standard deviation of 6.03 . From the calculation results obtained thitung = 7.22 while ttable = 2.01. Because tcount = 7.22> t table = 2, 01, so there is a significant difference in presentation between students who use Corel Draw Based Design Skills in Life Skills (PKH) in training course institutions and those who do not use Corel Graphic Design Textbooks Life Skills Based Draw on LKP. Keywords: development of teaching materials, corel draw graphic design, life skills, course institutions and training

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Lee, Sungyun. "Performance Comparison of Spiral-Wound and Plate-and-Frame Forward Osmosis Membrane Module." Membranes 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10110318.

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We compared two representative forward osmosis (FO) modules—spiral-wound (SW) and plate-and-frame (PF)—to provide practical information for the selection of FO element for a large-scale FO process. The FO operating performance of commercially available SW FO and PF FO was explored under different membrane area and flow rate conditions. The performance trend as a function of the membrane was obtained by adjusting the number of serially connected elements. Although SW FO and PF FO elements exhibited comparable feed pressure drops, SW FO demonstrated a significantly higher draw channel pressure drop than PF FO. Furthermore, the significant draw pressure drop in SW FO increased the draw inlet pressure, consequently limiting the number of serially connected elements. For example, the maximum number of serially connected elements for the normal operation was three elements for SW FO (45.9 m2) but nine elements for PF FO (63 m2) when the flow rate of 10 LMP was applied for feed and draw streams. Additionally, a footprint analysis indicated that SW FO module exhibited a slightly larger footprint than PF FO. Under investigated conditions, PF FO exhibited relatively better performance than SW FO. Therefore, this pilot-scale FO study highlighted the need to reduce the flow resistance of SW FO draw channel to take advantage of the high packing density of the SW element.

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Ferrari, Federico, Maite Pijuan, Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda, and Gaetan Blandin. "Exploring Submerged Forward Osmosis for Water Recovery and Pre-Concentration of Wastewater before Anaerobic Digestion: A Pilot Scale Study." Membranes 9, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9080097.

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Applying forward osmosis directly on raw municipal wastewater is of high interest for the simultaneous production of a high quality permeate for water reuse and pre-concentrating wastewater for anaerobic digestion. This pilot scale study investigates, for the first time, the feasibility of concentrating real raw municipal wastewater using a submerged plate and frame forward osmosis module (0.34 m2) to reach 70% water recovery. Membrane performance, fouling behavior, and effective concentration of wastewater compounds were examined. Two different draw solutions (NaCl and MgCl2), operating either with constant draw concentration or in batch with draw dilution over time, were evaluated. Impact of gas sparging on fouling and external concentration polarization was also assessed. Water fluxes up to 15 L m−2 h−1 were obtained with clean water and 35 g NaCl/L as feed and draw solution, respectively. When using real wastewater, submerged forward osmosis proved to be resilient to clogging, demonstrating its suitability for application on municipal or other complex wastewater; operating with 11.7 g NaCl/L constant draw solution, water and reverse salt fluxes up to 5.1 ± 1.0 L m−2 h−1 and 4.8 ± 2.6 g m−2 h−1 were observed, respectively. Positively, total and soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration factors of 2.47 ± 0.15 and 1.86 ± 0.08, respectively, were achieved, making wastewater more suitable for anaerobic treatment.

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Galangau, Olivier, Lucie Norel, and Stéphane Rigaut. "Metal complexes bearing photochromic ligands: photocontrol of functions and processes." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 48 (2021): 17879–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt03397b.

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Metal complexes associated with photochromic molecules are attractive platforms to achieve smart light-switching materials with advanced properties and to draw exciting perspectives that will boost the field of photoswitchable materials.

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Bidaki, Reza. "Body Image Distortion in Patients with Depression and Normal Persons as Good Enough Draw a Person Test." Brain and Neurological Disorders 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9730/017.

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Aim and Background: Body image refers to the perception and feeling that a person has about his/her physical self and its constituents. This research studies the comparison of body image distortion in patients with depression and normal in Rafsanjan city, Iran. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical study with case and control group. The investigated population consists of all patients with depressive disorder who referred to psychiatric Children and Adolesce outpatient clinics of Rafsanjan City (A city in southwest of Iran) in 2014. Drawing test of "Good enough - Harris" had been used in 40 depressed patients and 40 non-depressed as a control group.Chi-square test for data analyzing had been used. Results: The results showed that depressed patients in painting of the dummies were different in the most aspects as compared to control group. Conclusion: We suggest using "dummy test Good enough- Harris " in order to complementary diagnosis of depressed Persons.

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Haryanti, Dwi. "DRAW ME A PROVERB: ENHANCING WRITING SKILLS THROUGH WISDOM." UAD TEFL International Conference 1 (November 20, 2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/utic.v1.165.2017.

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Proverbs are believed to have an important role in language teaching as a part of obtaining cultural knowledge, metaphorical understanding, and communicative competence. They have been considered an important part of the fostering of pupils, as they prompt moral values and present common behavior. In 2013 curriculum enacted for senior high school students in Indonesia, the proverb is one of the main materials studied in English subject. This paper aims at presenting how transforming proverbs to pictures and paragraph provides alternative method to help the students understand the meaning as well as to enhance their writing skills. To do this aim, three general phases were applied, namely before the instruction phase, during the instruction phase, and after the instruction phase. The result shows that transforming proverbs to pictures and paragraphs helps the students to convey the culture and wisdom. Moreover, it provides students with a rich source of vocabulary. It also gives them an opportunity of making comparisons between their own proverbs and the English ones, thus broadening their knowledge of the world. Finally, it helps students to write in English in a more natural, native-like way using the fixed expression.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Draw materials'

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