Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DRAT'

Adaptability is one of the reasons for the success of bacteria, allowing them to survive in conditions where no other organisms would be able to thrive. Nitrogen deficiency, for example, can be a limiting factor for the growth of micro-organisms, as this element is an essential part of almost all types of biomolecules. As such, some bacteria have evolved specific mechanisms to overcome nitrogen limitation. Nitrogen fixing bacteria, or diazotrophs, use a specific enzyme complex, nitrogenase, in order to harness this element from the enormous reservoir that is the Earth’s atmosphere. However, nitrogen fixation is a demanding process for the cells, requiring vast amounts of energy and tight regulation. In this thesis we explore the mechanisms regulating nitrogen fixation in Rhodospirillum rubrum, a purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacterium. Using proteomics tools, we show how the regulation of both the nitrogen and carbon fixation processes is interconnected, possibly in order to maintain the intracellular redox balance. Using a new detergent molecule, we also demonstrate how nitrogen availability affects the chromatophore membrane proteome. Our studies have revealed the crucial role of the cellular pool of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) for adequate signaling through the PII proteins and the effects resulting from artificially manipulating this metabolite’s concentration. In R. rubrum nitrogenase is also subjected to post-translational control (the “switch-off” effect) and this work shows for the first time that the enzyme modifying nitrogenase (Dinitrogenase Reductase ADP-ribsosyl Transferase or DRAT) forms a complex with the PII protein GlnB. This complex allows DRAT activation and its formation – and, therefore, DRAT activity – is regulated by binding of ADP:ATP and 2OG to GlnB. Upon light withdrawal, nitrogenase activity anaerobically in the dark is also here demonstrated to be dependent on the activity of the pathway starting in pyruvate formate-lyase and we show how different nitrogen sources influence the switch-off response. This response can, in some conditions, be modified by addition of pyruvate and we have studied how this metabolite influences nitrogenase activity and switch-off regulation. This study allows a better understanding of the underlying processes controlling the metabolic routes in R. rubrum and also provides new insights into regulation of enzyme activity, paving the road for the complete establishment of the mechanisms regulating nitrogenase switch-off.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Submitted.

The use of composite structures in engineering applications has proliferated over the past few decades due to its distinct advantages namely: high structural performance, corrosion resistance, and high strength/weight ratio. However, they also come with a set of disadvantages, i.e. they are prone to fibre breakage, matrix cracking and delaminations. These types of damage are often invisible and if undetected, could lead to catastrophic failures of structures. Although there are systems to detect such damage, the criticality assessment and prognosis of the damage is often much more difficult to achieve. The research study conducted here resulted in the development of a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system for a 2D polymeric composite T-joint, used in maritime structures. The SHM system was found to be capable of not only detecting the presence of multiple delaminations in a composite structure, but also capable of determining the location and extent of all t he delaminations present in the T-joint structure, regardless of the load (angle and magnitude) acting on the structure. The system developed relies on the examination of the strain distribution of the structure under operational loading. This SHM system necessitated the development of a novel pre-processing algorithm - Damage Relativity Assessment Technique (DRAT) along with a pattern recognition tool, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to predict and estimate the damage. Another program developed - the Global Neural network Algorithm for Sequential Processing of Internal sub Networks (GNAISPIN) uses multiple ANNs to render the SHM system independent to variations in structural loading and capable of estimating multiple delaminations in composite T-joint structures. Upto 82% improvement in detection accuracy was observed when GNAISPIN was invoked. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was also conducted by placing delaminations of different sizes at various locations in two structures, a composite beam and a T-joint. Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer T-joints were then manufactured and tested, thereby verifying the accuracy of the FEA results experimentally. The resulting strain distribution from the FEA was pre-processed by the DRAT and used to trai n the ANN to predict and estimate damage in the structures. Finally, on testing the SHM system developed with strain signatures of composite T-joint structures, subjected to variable loading, embedded with all possible damage configurations (including multiple damage scenarios), an overall damage (location & extent) prediction accuracy of 94.1% was achieved. These results are presented and discussed in detail in this study.

The Man Behind the Man is a novel that explores identity, creativity, and how people come to understand what is important in life. The setting is the future and certain technological advances in the future become important plot and thematic tools for unraveling the mystery of personal identity. This is also a work that deals heavily with country music and how country music speaks to commonalities of the human experience.

For over the thirty years, drag performance has been examined for its utility to subvert or reinforce traditional gender roles. Many of these examinations have focused on performances that emphasize subversion and separated drag into two categories: the progressive drag that subverts, and the regressive drag that reinforces. While this approach has provided a wealth of understanding about drag performance and gender roles, drag can be examined without separating its subverting/reinforcing aspects. If drag is seen as the consideration of a given gender performing the not given gender, then another consideration can be made to the subverting performing the reinforcing. This new consideration, referred to here as the divine, can provide new utility for drag performance and its role in understanding gender.

L'arribada a l'estat espanyol de població immigrant ha plantejat unasèrie de qüestions al voltant de la titularitat i el subjecte de drets. Si béla vinculació entre els drets dels estrangers i els dels ciutadans es posade manifest, quan es parla de les dones els problemes dels dretsdesapareixen: parlar de dones immigrades sembla implicar parlar del'estatut de la dona a les diferents cultures, però no a la nostra.L'anàlisi jurídica i política de les implicacions de la llei d'estrangeria desd'una perspectiva feminista crítica està poc desenvolupada, per més queles qüestions que aquest tipus d'anàlisi revela són importants, tant pera les persones estrangeres com per als ciutadans i ciutadanes.L'estrangeria és un espill de la societat: els models d'home i dona quereflecteix la llei no són importats pels immigrants sinó imposats pernosaltres.Les qüestions i crítiques suscitades pels diferents feminismes sóncentrals per a aquest debat des de la filosofia política i jurídica: ladiscussió és el subjecte de drets, de quina manera es defineix i quinmarc d'actuació dissenyem en funció d'aqueixa manera d'entendre elsubjecte particular. He volgut examinar què pot significar fer unaanàlisi feminista crítica del dret i el sistema polític i en quina mesura eldret construeix a la dona immigrada com a subjecte subordinat;presentant aquesta construcció com la punta de l'iceberg del nostrecontracte social.La tesi consta de tres parts. La primera, dedicada a la teoria feministadesenvolupada les darreres dècades, assenyala dues grans etapes: elprojecte antisexista i el projecte de reconstrucció teòrica i social. Lateoria feminista crítica recull tots dos i és el punt de partida ja quereformula el projecte i el subjecte del feminisme en institucionalitzar ladiferència entre dones. Aquesta reformulació permet incloure les donesimmigrades a l'anàlisi a partir del desplaçament del sistemasexe/gènere i creuar-lo amb l'estrangeria (un altre sistema de creació jurídica de la diferència).La segona part analitza els instruments d'anàlisi amb què podemcomptar des d'una perspectiva feminista per apropar-nos al dretd'estrangeria. Per tal de minar i modificar els espais de poder, lesestratègies i discursos que conformen les relacions socials excloents calconéixer els instruments (conceptes i categories) que s'utilitzen o queimpedeixen que les relacions es produesquen en un marc d'igualtat illibertat. En el cas de les dones immigrants, em sembla especialmentimportant analitzar dos aspectes o desenvolupar dos perspectives queen faciliten la interpretació: la divisió públic/privat i la masculinitat deldret.La tercera part és una crítica feminista del dret d'estrangeria. Ambl'estrangeria ens posem davant dels problemes del nostre sistema idavant les raons de l'exclusió. La clau de lectura de la llei ha estat elsistema d'accés als drets: el contracte de treball, el reagrupamentfamiliar, l'empadronament i el permís especial de col·laboració amb lajustícia. L'objectiu és posar de manifest com el sistema sexe/gèneretravessa l'estrangeria a partir de tres situacions protagonitzades perdones immigrants: l'accés desigual als drets per la via del treball alinserir-se en treballs feminitzats; l'accés subordinat als dretsmitjançant el reagrupament familiar amb la qual es renova la ideologiade l'espai de la dona, i la necessitat de negar-se dues vegades lestreballadores del sexe per poder accedir als drets. Així, els criteris quefem servir per reconéixer una persona subjecte de drets han estatconstruïts sobre la base de l'exclusió de les dones. Si el dret ésinstrument d'exclusió i construeix subjectes exclosos; si la donaimmigrada és un no-subjecte de drets, això ens afecta a tots i no sols aelles.
The thesis considers two subjects: (1) the significance of a critical feministanalysis of law and the political system, and the possible liberatingconsequences derived from reflecting on matters such as citizenship, therecognition of rights and the end of systems of oppression and (2) theevaluation of the degree to which the law constructs the immigrant womanas a subordinate subject, presenting this exclusionary construction as thetip of the iceberg of our social contract, our juridical and political system,which permits the reinforced exclusion of immigrant women and itssilencing. The study, thus, politicizes the situation of immigrant womenand tries to explain the reasons for their exclusion, and, in addition,includes a revision of the limitations surrounding gender and citizenship.The work consists of three parts: the starting point is a review of the"stages" of feminist thought, not only does this aim to clarify debates andpositions later considered, but it also acts as a revision of how and fromwhich point immigrant women can be considered in the intended method.The second part presents the instruments of analysis developed by feministtheory with regard to politics and law. The third part applies theseinstruments to the analysis of the legislation relating to foreigners, showingthat the different levels of access to rights by immigrant women is evidenceof an incomplete (gendered) citizenship, unequal for women. The analysisproves that law is one of the structures responsible for creating genderdifference resulting in a significant difference in the establishment ofhierarchies with regards to the enjoyment of rights. This is this can bewitnessed in three different situations in which women have a leading role:family reunification, domestic service and prostitution (sex work).

Since a few years, flat screen TVs, such as LCD and plasma, has come to completelydominate the market of televisions. In a SoC solution for digital TVs, severalprocessors are used to obtain a decent image quality. Some of the processorsneed temporal information, which means that whole frames need to be storedin memory, which in turn motivates the use of SDRAM memory. When higherdemands of resolution and image quality arrives, greater pressure is put on theperformance of the SoC memory subsystem, to not become a bottleneck of thesystem.

In this master thesis project, a model of an existing SoC for digital TVs is usedto benchmark and evaluate the performance of an SDRAM memory controllerarchitecture study. The two major features are the ability to reorder transactionsand the compatibility with DDR3. By introducing reordering of transactions, thechoice is given to the memory controller to service memory requests in an orderthat decreases bank conflicts and read/write turn arounds. Measurements showthat a utilization of 86.5 % of the total available bandwidth can be achieved, whichis 18.5 percentage points more, compared to an existing nonreordering memorycontroller developed by NXP.

Geschafft! Nach dem Theaterbau Kraftwerk Mitte, der Ende letzten Jahres viel beachtet an den Start ging, ist nun der Kulturpalast-Umbau abgeschlossen. Dresden schulterte gleich zwei kulturelle Großprojekte auf einmal. Dies ist ohne Beispiel in der Stadtgeschichte und umso erfreulicher für alle, die daran Anteil haben.

This thesis describes the Drag language. Drag is a general purpose, gradually typed, lexically scoped, and multi-paradigm pro- gramming language. The essence of Drag is to build the abstract syntax trees of the programs directly and interactively. Our work includes the language specification and a prototype program. The language specification focuses on the syntax, the semantic model, and the type system. The prototype consists of an interactive editor and a compiler that targets several plat- forms, among which we focus on the LLVM platform in this thesis.

Anbauverfahren von Gurken am »Hohen Draht« mit einer Spanndrahthöhe von 3,40 m werden hinsichtlich Ertragsleistung, Arbeitszeitaufwand und Wirtschaftlichkeit mit Standardanbauverfahren (Spanndrahthöhe 2,20 m) verglichen. Die Ergebnisse des vierjährigen Forschungsprojektes zeigen, dass Gurken im Gewächshaus auf Substrat am »Hohen Draht« mit 200 bis 220 Gurken/m² deutlich höhere Erträge als die Standardverfahren erzielen. Pflege und Arbeitszeitaufwand sind allerdings eindeutig höher. Der Anbau von Gurken am »Hohen Draht« führte dennoch zu einer Verbesserung der Deckungsbeiträge um fast ein Drittel. Die Investitionskosten für die Umstellung von 1 ha Standardverfahren auf den Gurkenanbau am »Hohen Draht« betragen 70.000 bis 80.000 Euro. Bei steigenden Energiekosten ist das Verfahren am »Hohen Draht« eine wirtschaftliche Alternative zu den gegenwärtigen Standardverfahren. Allerdings mangelt es an guten Spezialsorten. Problematisch ist das Risiko von Ertragsausfällen durch Stängelbotrytis.

La guerra de Successió va representar un fort trasbals per a l’estament notarial de Catalunya. Els col•legi de la ciutat de Barcelona va prendre part decididament pel partit de l’Emperador, mentre que l'altre que existia, el de notaris reials ho va fer pel partit del Borbó. A Catalunya, a part d'aquests actuaven altres tipus de notaris, com els escrivans de manament, els notaris senyorials, i els apostòlics. Després del 1714 es va centralitzar les designacions de fedataris, que van ser, monopolitzades pel poder reial la qual cosa representava la necessitat de satisfer la taxa anomenada fiat que era una quantitat econòmica elevada que calia satisfer per a obtenir el privilegi de la fe pública. Aquesta circumstància, en un principi, va afectar també els notaris causídics (procuradors dels tribunals). El 1728 es van redactar unes ordinacions per al notariat de Catalunya, en virtut de les quals es canviava el règim tradicional del notariat a Catalunya, obligant a la fedataris, encara que fossin senyorials, a passar un examen al Consell de Castella, a la Cort. El 1736 es va prohibir l’actuació dels rectors de les parròquies com a fedataris que era tradicional a Catalunya, i es van redactar ordinacions per al notariat de Catalunya. Aquestes normes van deixar el règim jurídic del notariat de Catalunya molt proper al de Castella. Elc col•legis barcelonins van aconseguir escapolir-se de l'aplicació d'aquestes disposicions. Moltes d’aquestes normes es van deure a la iniciativa de l’oïdor i regent de l’Audiència Bernardo de Santos. El 1752 des del Consell de Castella es va comissionar a l’oïdor Andrés de Simón Pontero per a que dugués a terme la visita, inspecció de notaris que tenia molta tradició a Castella, però que era desconeguda a Catalunya. Va representar una pesada càrrega econòmica sobre el notariat de Catalunya, i va servir per a finançar una campanya de recerca a arxius eclesiàstics Després, per iniciativa del mateix oïdor, es van tramitar a la Cort les ordinacions per als notaris de Catalunya de 1755 que pràcticament van equiparar el règim del notariat al de Castella i van estar vigents fins la llei del Notariat. De la comparació del notariat de Catalunya amb el de València, Aragó i Mallorca es pot concloure que el model d’aquests regnes de l’antiga Corona d’Aragó era semblant al de Catalunya, Al Regne de València, a partir del 1707, en pocs anys es va produir uns forta davallada en el nivell tècnic dels fedataris, a causa de la imitació del model de Castellà. La comparació de la tradició catalana i castellana del notariat fa notar l’una diversitat de concepcions, però el que més cal remarcar és que a Catalunya era basada en la preparació tècnica dels candidats, mentre que el notariat castellà reial, almenys des del segle XVI es basava en la venalitat de càrrecs. A Castella l’alienació d'oficis de fe pública va tenir com a conseqüència una notable baixada en el nivell tècnic del notariat reial que es va fer notar ja durant els segles XVI i XVII. A Catalunya, a pesar d'haver-hi hagut intents, no es va produir aquesta alienació massiva de càrrecs de fe pública, que va fer baixar notablement el nivell tècnic dels fedataris reials castellans. En el territori de Catalunya actuaven una multiplicitat de notaris. Respecte de la seva competència, es regien per criteris territorials, encara que en algun cas aïllat s’admetia el principi de la personalitat L’adveniment de la nova planta va representar un fort trasbals per a la pervivència de la llengua catalana en l'àmbil jurídic. No hi ha cap mena de dubte que es van produir prohibicions verbals d’ús de la llengua catalana com a mitjà d'expressió jurídica. El 1755 es va deixar de banda el lllatí, la qual cosa va aplanar el camí cap a la imposició de la llengua castellana, que va tenir lloc amb la Llei del Notariat.

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 79).
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is consuming an ever-increasing portion of a system's energy budget as advances are made in low-power processors. In order to reduce these energy costs, modern DRAM chips implement low-power operating modes that significantly reduce energy consumption but introduce a performance penalty. This thesis discusses the design and evaluation of an energy-aware DRAM subsystem which leverages the power-saving features of modern DRAM chips while maintaining acceptable system performance. As this subsystem may employ a number of different system policies, the effect of each of these policies on system energy and performance is evaluated. The optimal overall policy configurations in terms of energy, delay, and energy-delay product are presented and evaluated. The configuration which minimizes the energy-delay product demonstrates average energy savings of 41.8% as compared to the high-performance configuration, while only introducing an 8.8% performance degradation.
by Brian S. Pharris.
M.Eng.

We have investigated the page coloring technique bank partitioning and if it can be applied on commercial hardware platforms to reduce execution time jitter for specific tasks. We have also investigated how to alter execution times using bank partitioning. Unpredictable latency created by execution time jitter is a problem in real-time computing on commercial hardware platforms. We have run experiments that try to prove that the bank partitioning method we use alters the execution time and that thrashing occurs in the main memory if we run multiple instances of a workload. We receive significant changes in execution times when using bank partitioning and we can determine that thrashing occurs. However, due to the lack of the ability to measure the hardware performance counter for row buffer misses, we cannot determine if thrashing occurs in the main memory level. Since we cannot determine when, or if thrashing occurs in the main memory we find that we cannot reduce execution time jitter on the two systems that we have tested using bank partitioning on. We also find that execution times of specific tasks can be altered by reducing the number of bank bins associated with the specific task. The execution time of the task is increased if we reduce the number of bins associated with it.

The theme of this thesis is the evaluation of the economical development of the consolidated group of Czech Railways in the 2005 -- 2009 period. The first part of this work introduces the structure and history of the group in the years 2005 -- 2009. This part is followed by the financial analysis itself. The financial analysis is divided into three parts: the basic methods, the bankruptcy prediction models and the analysis based on the Quelle methodology. The last part of this thesis is focused on the future prospectives and the transformation program Vize 2012 (Vision 2012).

I uppsatsen utreds vad försäkring är samt vad affärsrisker är och hur de försäkras inom ramen för ansvarsförsäkringen. Viktiga frågor är var, och varför, gränsen för affärsriskers försäkringsbarhet dras som den gör, samt huruvida en ny struktur och systematik kan ge upphov till en mer ändamålsenlig gränsdragning. För att kunna förstå och argumentera kring behandlingen av affärsrisker i ansvarsförsäkringen, samt för att kunna omfamna ämnessfären med ett helhetsgrepp, måste först en relation till försäkringens väsen byggas. Kunskapen om vad försäkring är och varför försäkring finns utgör oumbärliga fundament i argumentationen om affärsriskers försäkringsbara vara eller icke vara. De försäkringsrättsliga principerna och den normativa bas som bygger upp rättsområdet synliggör ramen för försäkringsavtalsparternas förhållande och rekvisiten för försäkringsbarheten. Dessa principer och normer utgör sedermera bakgrunden som affärsriskerna ses emot i analysen. Ansvarsförsäkringen täcker den försäkrades skadeståndsansvar. En uppdelning kan göras mellan hur täckning sker av kontraktuella skadestånds- och ersättningsansvar respektive utomobligatoriska skadeståndsansvar. I och med att professions- och rådgivningsansvaret behandlas annorlunda än ansvaret i andra tjänsteverksamheter finns det en principiell vinst i att belysa det separat. Affärsriskerna leder fram till ett eventuellt ansvar och hur de behandlas kan ses i de omfattnings- och undantagsvillkor som återfinns i den vanliga ansvarsförsäkringen och i GLI-försäkringen. I uppsatsen genomgås följande utvidgande och undantagande villkor: undantaget för ren förmögenhetsskada, undantaget för omhändertagen egendom, undantaget för garantier och utfästelser, undantaget för förutsebar skada, undantaget för skada på levererad egendom, tillägget för ren förmögenhetsskada, återkallelsetillägget, tillägget för ingrediens- och komponentskada, åtkomst- och återställandetillägget samt goodwilltillägget. Gränsdragningen för täckning av affärsrisker i ansvarsförsäkringen är spretig och förefaller inte utgå ifrån en bakomliggande systematik. De gemensamma nämnarna analyseras dock, vilket ger en uppfattning av de syften som försäkringsbranschen vill uppnå med avgränsningen mot vissa affärsrisker. Med erfarenheter från vad försäkringens väsen är, hur och varför gränsdragningen görs samt dess, ur ändamålssynpunkt, inte helt tillfredställande resultat, kan en ny struktur och systematik föreslås. Förhoppningsvis leder det till en mer genomtänkt och förståelig hantering av affärsrisker i ansvarsförsäkringsfrågor.
In this thesis, I examine what insurance is, together with what business risk is and how business risks are insured in the context of liability insurance. Important questions are where, and why, the boundaries of the insurability of business risks are set as they are, and also whether a new structure and systematics could give rise to a more suitable delimitation. To be able to understand and argue about how business risks are treated in the context of liability insurance, and also to be able to approach the sphere of the subject holistically, a relation to the essence of insurance must first be built. The knowledge about what insurance is and why it exists is an indispensable foundation for the argumentation around the insurability of business risks. The principles and the normative base that make up the legal area of insurance law reveal the framework of the relationship between the parties of the insurance contract and the requirements of insurability. These principles and norms subsequently form the background against which the business risks are seen in the analysis. The liability insurance covers the liability of the insured. A distinction can be made between how the insurance covers contractual liability and non-contractual liability. Since professional liability, such as the liability of advisors, is treated differently from the liability of other service businesses, there is a principal benefit in elucidating it separately. The business risks lead to a potential liability, and how they are treated can be seen in the regular and global liability insurance policies. In this thesis, the following expanding and excluding policies are covered. Exclusion of pure financial loss, property in trust, promise or guarantee, foreseeable damage and damage to delivered property. Addition of pure financial loss, recall, claims due to ingredients or components, access and restoration costs, and goodwill. The boundary of coverage of business risks in the context of liability insurance is fuzzy and does not appear to be set based upon any underlying systematics. The common denominators are, however, analyzed which gives an idea of the ends that the insurance industry wants to achieve through the delimitation against certain business risks. With knowledge of what constitutes the essence of insurance, of how and why the boundaries are set as they are and of their, from a purpose-oriented point of view, not entirely satisfactory results, a new structure and systematics can be proposed. Hopefully, it leads to a more thought-out and comprehensible treatment of business risks in matters regarding liability insurance.

Air intake related aerodynamic aspects of an air breathing cruise missile are analyzed. A method for thrust and drag accounting is established, and, based on that, a partial simulation model for the thrust and intake spillage drag force of the missile is developed. The model combines wind tunnel data with analytical data. The intake spillage force has two components, pre entry force and cowl force. The pre entry force can be computed relatively easily, while the cowl force depends strongly upon actual intake geometry and no general method exists. An approximate cowl force is computed based on available data. The accuracy of the cowl drag results is difficult to predict, as no complete theoretical model is available, and the partial models published cite no accuracy limits. The cowl drag results need further verification through wind tunnel tests or CFD analysis. However, spillage force results are produced that are in the magnitude of 30% of total drag, which is expected. Also, dependencies on known variables and trends are as expected. Finally, flight test profiles in order to validate the model are suggested.

Since the publication of Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America in 1972, drag performance has been an object of fascination for many French and Anglo-American queer and feminist theorists. Employing an intersectional, transfeminist approach, I explore central preoccupations traversing diverse theories of drag, focusing particularly on three issues: the relationship between drag and performativity, the assumption that a drag performer’s gender differs from the gender they perform on stage, and the positioning of drag as necessarily either subversive or reactionary. Analysing the flaws and benefits of these conceptual trends as they appear in a representative selection of French and Anglo-American queer and feminist theoretical texts, I challenge the perception of drag as subverting or upholding the status quo, suggesting that this understanding creates reductive generalisations and cannot account for the diversity and complexity of many current drag scenes. Further, I contest the definitional focus on a presumed opposition between the gender of the performer and the gender they perform on stage. Although a performer’s gender can shape their experience and understanding of drag performance, the focus on this presumed opposition erases certain performers’ identities and distracts from what is actually happening on stage. While my first two chapters concentrate on selected queer and feminist theorizations of drag performance, my final chapter considers the relationship between Butlerian gender parody, intramural parody, and extramural satire in Rachilde’s Monsieur Vénus, Virginia Woolf’s Orlando, and Monique Wittig’s Le Corps lesbien. Here, I develop the frame of ‘textual drag’ to describe the interactions of these forms of parody and satire in these texts, while highlighting their authors’ interrogations of norms of gender performance, gender identity, and embodiment. I then conclude by demonstrating how existing insights into drag performance can be combined with my own findings to create a particularizing, transfeminist approach to drag.

La tesis trata del estudio del deber de correlación de la sentencia. Todos losordenamientos procesales penales contienen normas que regulan los alcances delpoder de resolver de los órganos jurisdiccionales, las cuales determinan concierto grado de certeza dentro de qué márgenes debe resolver el juzgador en cadacaso. Estas normas establecen la necesaria amplitud con que se deben ejercer lospoderes de decisión jurisdiccional y los límites dentro de los cuales se han derealizar.Inicialmente se establece que el deber de correlación debía entenderse como laexigencia de congruencia de la sentencia del juzgador con la acusación y ladefensa, de manera que la decisión jurisdiccional tenía que referirse a todas laspeticiones y alegaciones planteadas por las partes, como un deber deexhaustividad, y, a la vez, referirse sólo al objeto del proceso introducido a travésde la acusación, sin ampliarlo, extenderlo o desviarlo a otro, en tantomanifestación del límite a su poder de decisión.La correlación impone entonces dos deberes al juzgador, uno de exhaustividady otro de límite, y por eso en caso de infracción de éstos el órgano jurisdiccionalincurre o en incongruencia omisiva o en incongruencia por exceso,respectivamente.El deber de exhaustividad halla su principal fundamento en la tutela judicialefectiva sin indefensión y en el derecho de defensa, mientras que el deber delímite de la sentencia encuentra fundamento en el principio acusatorio, aunquetambién se debe considerar la influencia del derecho a ser informado de laacusación, del derecho de defensa y del principio de contradicción.La complejidad del deber de correlación por las materias implicadas en él y laextensión de su contenido, impuso la prudencia al trazar el objeto de estudio deesta investigación, razón por la cual se decidió ceñir la tesis al estudio de lacorrelación como límite a los poderes de decisión del juzgador, dejando a un ladoel deber de exhaustividad, con el fin de realizar una exposición, aunquerestringida, más acabada.Ahora bien, la investigación sobre el deber de correlación dentro de lostérminos señalados se realizó desde una triple aproximación a su estudio:dogmática, de Derecho positivo y jurisprudencial. Se intenta dar a estos tres aspectos un tratamiento lo más integrado posible, sin perjuicio de ensayar unorden sistemático que en cierta medida impone divisiones temáticas.Respecto del carácter comparado de la tesis, del Derecho español con elchileno, cabe consignar que tiene especial interés, ya que permite cotejar elobjeto de estudio en dos ordenamientos normativos distintos, pero que poseenuna raíz jurídica común, lo cual se traduce en una visión compartida de lasmaterias jurídicas implicadas en la correlación.Se analiza primeramente el caso español, pues es éste el Derecho que ha deservir de referencia para la comparación con el chileno.El caso español ofrecerá unas categorías de análisis dogmático yjurisprudencial sobre la base de un Derecho vigente, que se ha visto en lanecesidad de resolver problemas concretos de correlación. El desarrollodogmático y jurisprudencial en el Derecho español, ha dado lugar a la creaciónde criterios sistemáticos que justifican y explican racionalmente y desde el puntode vista de la técnica procesal el instituto de la correlación. En Chile todavía nose ha producido un estudio científico a este respecto y de ahí la conveniencia deaprovechar la experiencia dogmática española para el estudio del caso chileno.La tesis, con todo, no renuncia a hacer un estudio crítico de la correlación enambos Derechos comparados, consignando las conclusiones que han parecidocientíficamente procedentes.
Every criminal procedural Law contains regulations limiting the Court'scompetence to decide on a concrete case. These regulations provide both therange and the limits of jurisdictional powers. This thesis deals with one aspect ofthese regulations, the "duty of correspondence". Namely, the principle accordingto which the final decision of a Court has to be consistent or congruent with thefacts presented both in the accusation an the defence. On the one hand, the Courthas the competence to deal with all the charges and defences brought byprosecutor and defendant. On the other hand, the duty of correspondence imposesa serious limitation on the Court's competence: the judgment is completelybound by the prosecution; not being allowed for the Court to deliver a judgementsurpassing or diverting the domain of the prosecution. Both obligations areconceived as a guarantee to have fair notice of the prosecution.Consequently, the duty of judgement's correspondence imposes two specificobligations to the Court: a positive duty to resolve exhaustively all the demands-avoiding to omit any charge or defence- and a negative duty to not resolvebeyond the limits of prosecution. This research explores, from a comparativeview between the Spanish and Chilean Law, the later obligation, focussing on theproblem from multiple perspectives. The Author suggests a systematic andintegrated order for the negative dimension of the correspondence duty.Therefore, he considers the positive Law, the theoretical discussions and the caseLaw.

La presente Tesis Doctoral, presentada como requisito para optar al título de Doctor en Derecho Constitucional, tiene por objeto estudiar profundamente y desde un enfoque político-constitucional el Artículo 11 de la Constitución Política de Colombia que reza: "El derecho a la vida es inviolable. No habrá pena de muerte". Ello con el propósito de determinar si la masiva violación de este derecho en el País se debe a deficiencias en las garantías jurídicas existentes o si, siendo estas suficientes, la explicación se encuentra más bien en la incorrecta formulación de las políticas gubernamentales y en el deficiente funcionamiento de las instituciones políticas creadas para tal fin; haciéndose por tanto necesario buscar soluciones más desde el ámbito político tal como lo plantea la Gobernabilidad Democrática, que desde el ámbito puramente jurídico como lo plantea la teoría constitucional.Para ello, la Tesis Doctoral se compone de tres grandes bloques:Un primer bloque en el cual se estudia en detalle la normativa que, relativa al respeto, protección y promoción de la vida, comporta carácter obligante para Colombia, tanto desde el ámbito nacional como continental y universal. Allí se analiza el concepto mismo de Derecho a la Vida, así como su protección en la Constitución Política, en sus normas derivadas, en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y en los muy diversos acuerdos y convenios que, relativos a los derechos humanos, el País ha firmado y ratificado en el ámbito continental con la Organización de Estados Americanos y en el ámbito universal con la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, los cuales revisten especial importancia para Colombia toda vez que, por medio del llamado "Bloque de Constitucionalidad", hacen parte del derecho interno. Este análisis de la normativa existente, se ve complementado con el estudio de las garantías jurisdiccionales y no jurisdiccionales que cada una de las instancias señaladas presenta para alcanzar su cumplimiento. Un segundo bloque estudia la magnitud de la violación del Derecho a la Vida en Colombia en cifras reales -relación entre la norma y la realidad-, y para ello tiene presente tanto el contexto general del País como las hipótesis tradicionalmente manejadas que explican la violencia homicida colombiana en razón de su situación de pobreza o del Conflicto Armado Interno. En este bloque, se desvirtúan ambas hipótesis, se introduce el fenómeno del narcotráfico como variable fundamental para explicar la presencia de una subcultura de la muerte y se determina la responsabilidad político-constitucional que al Estado colombiano le compete por no garantizar realmente en su territorio la plena vigencia del Derecho a la Vida.Un tercer bloque conjuga el análisis de la teoría jurídica y la realidad homicida de Colombia y, a partir de ambas, plantea soluciones desde la Gobernabilidad Democrática como forma de gobierno que tiene presentes las necesidades, prioridades y expectativas de los actores sociales, compagina las mismas con el mandato jurídico-político sobre el cual se estructura el Estado Social de Derecho y permite la participación de los estamentos públicos, privados y de la sociedad civil en la formulación, diseño e implementación de las políticas públicas relativas al respeto, protección y promoción del Derecho a la Vida.Posterior al análisis jurídico, práctico y político realizado, se documenta y argumenta -extrayendo las conclusiones correspondientes- cómo la masiva violación del Derecho a la Vida en Colombia no se debe a un problema de falta de garantías normativas -pues desde un enfoque jurídico-constitucional se demuestra que la vida en Colombia se halla plenamente protegida-, sino que la explicación fundamental se encuentra en una mala formulación de las políticas públicas y a un deficiente funcionamiento de las instituciones nacionales responsables de hacer valer el más importante de los derechos: el Derecho a la Vida como pilar y razón de ser del Estado de Derecho.Finalmente, se formula una conclusión general relativa a la utilidad y proyección práctica de la Tesis Doctoral -con el espíritu del trabajo de investigación por excelencia realizado desde la Universidad, y concebida ésta como motor de la sociedad-; es decir, la mejora de la protección del Derecho a la Vida a través de una correcta ponderación de los elementos que permiten la exigencia de responsabilidad constitucional e internacional al Estado colombiano y, paralelamente, facilitan una correcta cooperación constitucional e internacional por parte de la comunidad internacional y de otros Estados.
The objective of this Doctoral Thesis, submitted as a requirement to qualify for the title-holder of a Ph.D in Constitutional Law, is to analyze in detail and from both a political and constitutional perspective the 11th Article of the 1991 Colombian Constitution that states: "The right to life is not subject to violation. The death penalty will not be ruled". This analysis aims to determine whether the massive violation of this right in the country is due to deficiencies in the current legal rulings, or being these sufficient, due to the incorrect governmental policies and the deficient operation of the political institutions created to protect this specific right. The latter argument will make it necessary to find solutions from a political scope as the Governance puts forth, instead of relying solely on the legal framework as the constitutional theory advocates.In order to present a coherent reasoning, the Doctoral Thesis is divided in three parts:The first part is an insight into the law that regulates the topic at hand, the protection and the promotion of the Right to Life, insisting that it is mandatory for Colombia on a national, international and universal basis. The concept of Right to Life in itself will be analyzed, as well as its protection in the Political Constitution and the various accords and agreements Colombia has signed and ratified. The second part examines the magnitude of the Right to Life violation figures in Colombia -as a relation between the norm and reality-. In order to do so, it is essential to take into account the general context of the country at hand, as well as the traditional hypothesis that explain violence in Colombia, these being the poverty and the Internal Armed Conflict arguments. These two hypotheses are dismissed in this part of the study, introducing drug trafficking as a new and very present variable to explain the emergence of a death subculture. The last part combines the legal theory analysis and the reality of the homicide rates in Colombia, taking into consideration both analysis´s to raise different solutions from a Governance perspective. Deriving from the previous analysis, comes an argumentation, that the massive violation of the Right to Life in Colombia is not due to a lack of constitutional guarantees; since the legal and constitutional approach shows that life is wholly protected in Colombia. The leading explanation contends that the massive violation of this right is rooted in a deficient operation of national institutions that are theoretically supposed to guarantee the most important of all rights: the Right to Life, as the foundation and back bone of the Rule of Law.

This thesis suggests an improved parameter database implementation for one of Ericsson products. The parameter database is used during the initialization of the system as well as during the later operation. The database size is constantly growing because the parameter database is intended to be used with different hardware configurations. When a new technology platform is released, multiple revisions with additional features and functionalities are later created, resulting in introduction of new parameters or changes to their values. Ericsson provides support for old and new products. The entire parameter database is currently stored in DRAM memory as a hash map. Therefore an optimal parameter database implementation should have low memory footprint. The search speed and initialization speed for the target system are also important to allow high system availability and low downtime, since a reboot is a common fix for many problems. As many optimizations have to consider memory size – speed tradeoff, it has been decided to give preference to reducing memory footprint. This research seeks to: Analyze data-structures suitable for parameter database implementation (Hash map, Sparsehash, Judy hash, Binary search tree, Treap, Skip List, AssocVector presorted using std::map, Burst trie). Propose the best data-structure in terms of used memory area and speed. If possible, further optimize it for database size in memory and access speed. Create a prototype implementation. Test the performance of the new implementation. The results indicate that a more compact database implementation can be achieved using alternative data structures such as Presorted AssocVector an Sparsehash, however some search speed and build speed is lost when using these data structures instead of the original Gnu Hash Map implementation.

The thesis of the construction in the Andorran Law has been focused on the study of the building law in the Principality of Andorra. Throughout seven chapters, introductory aspects on urban planning and building are analyzed, from the historical and institutional perspective; The analysis and control of the building and use of the land through the license; Works without a license or in contravention of the license. The general Principles of law applicable to administrative infractions and penalties; Urban infractions; Administrative penalties in urban planning and finally inspection and judicial aid. All this with brushstrokes of comparative law, but, without being able to talk about a Thesis of comparative law. The ius aedificandi in the Principality of Andorra would not be understood without an analysis of the historical situation of the urban planning and land management in Andorra. As a result of all this and of the juridical reflections that take form along the present doctoral thesis, with the analysis of actions carried out in other European microconditions like the Principality of Monaco or the Republic of San Marino, they lead the author to a series of conclusions in which solutions are contributed also to formal and structural existing problems in the current juridical Andorran arrangement. The legal contributions of this thesis do not want to be in any case a rupture with the current administrative urban regulation, since the Principality of Andorra has not been formed on continuous ruptures but has historically (R) EVOLVED (if it´s allowed the antagonism of the two terms) slowly, but steadily, for seven centuries to the present day.
La Tesi L’edificació en el dret andorrà se centra en l’estudi sobre el dret edificatori al Principat d’Andorra. Al llarg de set capítols s’analitzen aspectes introductoris sobre l‘urbanisme i l’edificació, des de la vessant històrica i institucional; L’anàlisi i control de l’edificació i ús del sòl a través de la llicència; Les obres sense llicència o contravenint la llicència; Els principis generals del dret aplicables en les infraccions i sancions administratives; Les infraccions urbanístiques; Les sancions administratives en matèria urbanística i finalment la inspecció i l’auxili judicial. Tot plegat amb pinzellades de dret comparat, però, sense que es pugui parlar d’una tesi de dret comparat. El ius aedificandi al Principat d’Andorra no s’entendria sense una anàlisi de la situació històrica de l’urbanisme i ordenació del territori a Andorra. Tot plegat, i fruit de les reflexions jurídiques que es plasmen al llarg de la present tesi doctoral, amb anàlisi d’actuacions portades a terme en altres microestats europeus com el Principat de Mònaco o la República de San Marino, porten a l’autor a una sèrie de conclusions en les que també s’aporten solucions a problemes formals i estructurals, que es fan palesos en l’actual ordenació jurídica andorrana. Les aportacions jurídiques d’aquesta tesi, no volen ser en cap cas un trencament amb la regulació administrativo-urbanística actual, atès que el Principat d’Andorra no s’ha format a base de trencaments, sinó que històricament ha (R)EVOLUCIONAT (si es permet l’antagonisme dels dos termes) de forma lenta, però constant, durant set centúries fins arribar a l’actualitat.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

This thesis is motivated by the application of active flow control on the cabin of trucks, thereby providing a new means of drag reduction. Particularly, the work presented strives to identify how plasma actuators can be used to reduce the drag caused by the detachment of the flow around the A-pillars. This is achieved by conducting numerical simulations, and is part of a larger project that also includes experimental. The effect of plasma actuators is modeled through a body force, which adds very little computational cost and is suitable for implementation in most CFD solvers. The spatial distribution of this force is described by coefficients which have been optimized against experimental data, and the model was shown to be able to accurately reproduce the wall jet created by a single plasma actuator in a no-flow condition. A half cylinder geometry - a simplified geometry for the A-pillar of a truck - was used in a preliminary Large Eddy Simulation (LES) study that showed that the actuator alone, operated continuously, was not sufficient to achieve a significant reduction of the drag. Nevertheless, a significant drag reduction was obtained by simply increasing the strength of the body force to a higher value, showing that this type of actuation remains relevant for the reduction of drag. In the course of finding ways to improve the efficiency of the actuator, dynamic mode decomposition was investigated as a post-processing tool to extract structures in the flow. Such structures are identified by their spatial location and frequency, and might help to understand how the actuator should be used to maximize drag reduction. Thus a parallel code for dynamic mode decomposition was developed in order to facilitate the treatment of the large amounts of data obtained by LES. This code and LES itself were thereafter evaluated in the case of a pulsating channel flow. By using the dynamic mode decomposition it was possible to accurately extract oscillating profiles at the forcing frequency, although harmonics with lower amplitude compared to the turbulence intensity could not be obtained.
Denna avhandling behandlar tillämpningen av aktiv strömningskontroll för lastbilshytter, vilket är en ny metod för minskning av luftmotståndet. Mer i detalj är det övergripande målet att visa på hur plasmaaktuatorer kan användas för att minska luftmotståndet orsakat av avlösningen runt A-stolparna. In denna avhandling studeras detta genom numeriska simuleringar. Arbetet är en del av ett projekt där även experimentella försök görs. Effekten av plasmaaktuatorer modelleras genom en masskraft, vilket inte ger nämnvärd ökning av beräkningstiden och är lämplig för implementering i de flesta CFD-lösare. Den rumsliga fördelningen av kraften bestäms av koefficienter vilka i detta arbete beräknades utifrån experimentella data. Modellen har visat sig kunna återskapa en stråle nära väggen med god noggrannhet av en enskild plasmaaktuator för en halvcylinder utan strömning. Samma geometri - en halvcylinder som här används som förenklad geometri av A-stolpen på en lastbil - användes i en preliminär LES studie som visade att enbart aktuatorn vid kontinuerlig drift inte var tillräckligt för att uppnå en signifikant minskning av luftmotståndet. En signifikant minskning av luftmotståndet erhölls genom att helt enkelt öka styrkan på kraften, vilket visats att denna typ av strömningskontroll är relevant för minskning av luftmotståndet. I syfte att förbättra effektiviteten hos aktuatorn, studerades dynamic mode decomposition, som ett verktyg för efterbehandling för att få fram flödesstrukturer. Dessa strukturer identifieras genom deras rumsupplösning och frekvens och kan hjälpa till att förstå hur aktuatorerna bör användas för att minska luftmotståndet. En parallelliserad kod för dynamic mode decomposition utvecklades för att underlätta efterbehandlingen av de stora datamängder som fås från LES-beräkningarna. Slutligen, utvärderades denna kod och LES-beräkningar på ett strömningsfall med pulserande kanalflöde. Metoden, dynamic mode decomposition, visade sig kunna extrahera de oscillerande flödesprofilerna med hög noggrannhet för den påtvingade frekvensen. Övertoner med lägre amplitud jämfört med turbulensintensiteten kunde dock inte erhållas.

QC 20150312

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 51).
To address the needs of the next generation of low-power systems, DDR2 SDRAM offers a number of low-power modes with various performance and power consumption tradeoffs. The SCALE DRAM Subsystem is an energy-aware DRAM system with various system policies that make use of these modes. In this thesis, we design and implement a DDR2 DRAM controller and test a version of the SCALE DRAM Subsystem in hardware. Power measurements from the actual DRAM chips are taken and compared to datasheet derived values, and an analysis of the DRAM refresh requirements is performed. Some notable power consumption results include active powerdown being much closer to precharge powerdown and reads taking much less current than the datasheet indicates. In addition, based on the refresh tests, a system that powers down at least 12.3s for each 32MB of traffic can save power using delayed refresh and ECC data encoding.
by Vimal Bhalodia.
M.Eng.

The addition of a minute amount of polymer or surfactant additive to a turbulent fluid flow can result in a large reduction in the frictional drag in pipes and channels. Over the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out on drag reducing additives (DRA). DRA have been successfully applied for potential benefits in various industrial processes, including oil well operations, heating and cooling water circuits, marine and biomedical systems. The use of additives to enhance flow in petroleum pipelines has received the greatest attention due to its great commercial success in reducting cost and energy consumption. Although this effect has been known for almost half a century, the detailed mechanism of drag reduction have still not been clearly identified and is still a subject of ongoing controversy. The aim of this thesis is to develop an understanding of the role of drag reducing agents and to explain the nature of drag reduction mechanism. This could have an impact on the design of efficient pumping systems, the design of drag-reducing agent that are more stable over time, and the modeling of mixing processes that could be an important consideration in designing practical systems
L'ajout d'une quantité infime d'un polymère ou d'un additif tensioactif à un flux turbulent de fluide peut causer une forte diminution de la friction dans les tuyaux et les canalisations. Ces dix dernières années, de nombreuses études ont été réalisées sur les agents réducteurs de friction (ARF). Les ARF sont utilisés pour leurs effets bénéfiques dans de nombreux procédés industriels, tels que l'extraction de pétrole, le chauffage et le refroidissement de circuits de circulation d'eau ainsi que dans des systèmes marins et biomédicaux. L'utilisation d'additifs pour améliorer l'écoulement dans les canalisations de pétrole a été particulièrement étudiée, en raison de son succès commercial en terme de réductions de couts et de consommation d'énergie. Bien que l'action de ces additifs est connue depuis presque cinquante ans, le mécanisme détaillé de la réduction des frictions n'a pas été clairement identifié et est encore sujet à controverses. Le but de cette étude est d'apporter une explication au rôle de ces agents en matière de réduction des frictions, et d'expliquer la nature ce mécanisme. Les résultats présentés ici peuvent influencer significativement la conception des systèmes de pompes, le développement d'agent réducteurs de friction plus stables ainsi que la modélisation de procédés mixtes qui pourraient devenir une considération majeure dans le design de systèmes réels

A DRAM communicates with a processing unit via two interfaces: a data interface and a command interface. In today's DRAMs, also known as synchronous DRAMs (SDRAMs), both interfaces use a clock to communicate with the processing unit. The clock times the communication between the processing unit and the SDRAM on both the data interface and the command interface. We propose a self-timed DRAM. The self-timed DRAM introduces more flexibility into the DRAM interface by eliminating the clock. The command interface and the data interface each communicate with the processing unit using a handshake protocol rather than a clock. This thesis presents the data interface between the self-timed DRAM and the processing unit. The proposed data interface is self-timed. The self-timed data interface allows the DRAM to deliver data to or accept data from the processing unit as the processing unit demands rather than on a schedule set from the command interface. The self-timed data interface is designed using GasP circuits and micropipeline circuits. The design is simulated in 180nm CMOs process technology using hspice. This thesis presents the effects of width mismatch on the self-timed data interface. The micropipeline is slightly faster than the GasP. Also, the thesis compares the self-timed DRAM data interface with synchronous DRAM for the data burst rate.

Denna uppsats handlar om gymnasieelevers anpassning till olika texttyper i skrift. Uppsatsens frågeställningar är: 1.) Vilka berättande drag återfinns i gymnasieelevers argumenterande texter? 2.) Har gymnasieelevers medvetenhet om den argumenterande texttypen något samband med det betyg som de får på uppgiften?Hypotesen som framläggs är att det förekommer fler berättande drag i texter med lägre betyg, eftersom målen för högre betyg kräver en medvetenhet om olika texttyper.Undersökningen är utförd på debattinlägg skrivna av 20 gymnasieelever, uppgift B1 i det nationella kursprovet i Svenska B vårterminen 2012 Dit vinden blåser (Skolverket 2012b). Utifrån förekomsten eller avsaknaden av fyra berättande drag, utvalda av uppsatsens författare, klassificeras elevtexterna enligt hur väl de uppfyller den argumenterande texttypen. Kriterierna gäller pronomenval, inledning, personliga exempel och ordval.Resultatet av undersökningen visar på att förekomsten av berättande drag återfinns i elevtexter på samtliga betygsnivåer. De berättande dragen i elevtexterna är mest frekventa i de elevtexter som inte har uppnått ett godkänt resultat, det finns lika många berättande drag i G-elevtexterna som i VG-elevtexterna och det är lägst antal berättande drag i MVG-elevtexterna. Därmed verifieras hypotesen.

Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAM) are large complex devices, prone to defects during manufacture. Yield is improved by the provision of redundant structures used to repair these defects. This redundancy is often implemented by the provision of excess memory capacity and programmable address logic allowing the replacement of faulty cells within the memory array. As the memory capacity of DRAM devices has increased, so has the complexity of their redundant structures, introducing increasingly complex restrictions and interdependencies upon the use of this redundant capacity. Currently redundancy analysis algorithms solving the problem of optimally allocating this redundant capacity must be manually customised for each new device. Compromises made to reduce the complexity, and human error, reduce the efficacy of these algorithms. This thesis develops a methodology for automating the customisation of these redundancy analysis algorithms. Included are: a modelling language describing the redundant structures (including the restrictions and interdependencies placed upon their use), algorithms manipulating this model to generate redundancy analysis algorithms, and methods for translating those algorithms into executable code. Finally these concepts are used to develop a prototype software tool capable of generating redundancy analysis algorithms customised for a specified device.

La tesis doctoral pretende definir el marco jurídico que la Constitución construye para el desarrollo de la política ambiental. La protección del medio ambiente se considera como uno de los elementos fundamentales del modelo económico constitucional, que redefine las relaciones entre los seres humanos y su entorno en el marco de los procesos productivos y de explotación de los recursos naturales. De acuerdo con este punto de vista, la protección del medio ambiente en los ordenamientos jurídicos modernos responde a una necesidad de ordenar la actividad económica de las sociedades industrializadas para evitar que se produzca una degradación de las condiciones de vida determinadas por la configuración del entorno físico que rodea al ser humano. Partiendo de esta asunción, el trabajo realizado se articula en tres fases principales: contexto, concepto y desarrollo.
La primera tarea que se plantea es mostrar que, efectivamente, la aparición de normas jurídicas relativas al medio ambiente es un fenómeno relativamente reciente que se produce a partir de la toma de conciencia de la magnitud de los efectos de la actividad humana en el entorno, lo que sucede a partir del final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y, sobre todo, a partir de la década de los sesenta del siglo pasado. En este contexto, se intenta ubicar la aparición del Derecho ambiental en el marco de la crisis de los presupuestos ideológicos de la Modernidad sobre la relación entre el ser humano y la naturaleza desarrollados en el seno de la cultura industrial y tecnológica.
En segundo lugar, se define el concepto constitucional de medio ambiente adecuado para el desarrollo de la persona como la configuración normativa del espacio físico global de acuerdo con la orientación teleológica definida por la Constitución. Se excluyen, por lo tanto, las aproximaciones restringidas al concepto jurídico de medio ambiente por considerarlas inadecuadas en la interpretación del texto constitucional.
Por ello, a pesar de que, en principio, el artículo 45.1 de la Constitución se expresa como una norma de reconocimiento de un derecho, en realidad, se trata, primariamente, de una facultad atribuida a los poderes públicos, en la medida en que se trata de una configuración normativa que no puede depender, en última instancia, del ejercicio de derechos individuales, particularmente, de aquellos que tienen un contenido económico, como el derecho de propiedad (artículo 33) o la libertad de empresa (artículo 38).
Ahora bien, aunque la Constitución permite varias soluciones posibles en la política ambiental, se defiende que no es posible cualquier política ambiental dentro del marco definido por la norma fundamental. Así, en aquellos casos en que la actividad normativa del legislador no se corresponda con la necesidad de proteger un medio ambiente adecuado para el desarrollo de la persona, será procedente la declaración de inconstitucionalidad. La posibilidad del control del legislador es argumento suficiente como para justificar también la intervención de los Tribunales ordinarios en el control de la Administración en relación con la protección del medio ambiente. Es en el marco de este control de los poderes públicos donde debe situarse el derecho reconocido en el artículo 45.1, que actúa, fundamentalmente, como una legitimación para instarlo, aparte de una legitimación para participar en el proceso de toma de decisiones.
En relación con esto último, se defiende en la tesis que el derecho a un medio ambiente adecuado para el desarrollo de la persona se constituye en fundamento para sostener la participación de los ciudadanos, sin necesidad de otro título, en los procedimientos administrativos de toma de decisiones que afectan al medio ambiente, así como para sostener la posibilidad de los mismos de impugnar dichas decisiones ante la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa.
This work tries to define the framework that the Spanish Constitution builds to allow the development of environmental policies. The environmental protection is considered as one of the main elements of the constitutional economic model, which redefine the relationships between the human beings and their environment through the regulation of productive processes and exploitation of natural resources. According to this point of view, the environmental protection in the modern law systems is related to a need to establish rules for the economic activity of industrial societies to stop the degradation of the living conditions defined by the structure of the physical environment around the human being. From this point of departure, the work is divided in three main parts: context, concept and constitutional development.
The first task to do is to show that the appearance of legal norms about the environment is a relatively new phenomenon which begins with the take of conscience of the magnitude of the effects of human activity in the natural world. This happens since the Second World War and, more intensely, since the 60's. With that historical contextualization we try to locate the appearance of environmental law in the framework of the crisis of ideological presuppositions of Modernity about the relationship between the human being and the nature, as developed in the industrial and technological culture of the last centuries.
Second we define the constitutional concept of environment "adequate to development of the person" as the normative configuration of the physical global space according to the teleological orientation defined by the Constitution. Therefore we exclude the restrictive approaches to the legal concept of environment because we consider that they do not fit in the interpretation of the constitutional text.
For this reason, despite the article 45.1 of the Spanish Constitution is formally the recognition of a right, we consider that it is primarily the recognition of a power of the government, because, in order to protect the environment, we need previously a normative definition of the protected form of it, which cannot depend on the exercise of individual rights. In fact, this constitutional norm gives the government some kind of authorisation to put limits in the exercise of certain rights as the property.
Anyway, despite the Constitution allows several possible solutions in environmental politics, we defend that it is not possible any environmental policy within the framework defined by the fundamental norm. Therefore, in the cases in which the normative activity of the Parliament does not fit with the constitutional mandate to protect an environment "adequate to development of the person", it will be possible the declaration of inconstitutionality by the Constitutional Court. The possibility of control the legislator is a sufficient argument to justify too the intervention of the courts in the control of the government. We must situate in this framework the exercise of the individual right recognised in the article 45.1 of the Spanish Constitution, which works principally as a title to put in act the possibility of control.
In this context we can interpret too the right to environment "adequate to development of the person" as a title to take part in the decision-making process. We defend that this right, as recognised in the Spanish Constitution, is the principal foundation to give support to the participation of the citizens in these processes, without the necessity of any other title to take part. Related to this is the possibility to urge the ulterior control of the decision by the courts if necessary.

This essay examines why Vietnam veterans, who were draft motivated enlistees, enlisted when drafted or threatened with the draft. Data is taken from 63 oral history interviews conducted by The Vietnam Archive Oral History Project at Texas Tech University and is analyzed using the phenomenological research approach. The background of this paper briefly explains the Vietnam Draft and the draft avoidance options available to those men who were drafted. The results section utilizes quotes from the oral history interviews to show the main themes of why men chose to enlist when faced with the draft. The discussion section discusses these themes in a wider context and brings up areas for further research.

This paper uses empirical analysis to value of each section of the NFL Draft relative to the others in order to establish which NFL draft picks are undervalued. We crafted a new performance metric that uses the size of a given draftee’s second contract relative to his peers to evaluate his performance over the course of his previous contract. Using two OLS regressions, we predict the level of performance, given by our metric score, for each section of the draft. We then use the residuals from these regressions to investigate which sections of the draft are undervalued. The results show that mid-3rd round picks and late 5th round picks are the best value per dollar in the draft.

Daily drayage operations involve moving loaded or empty equipment between customer locations and rail ramps. Drayage orders are generally pickup and delivery requests with time windows. The repositioning of empty equipment may also be required in order to facilitate loaded movements. The drayage orders are satisfied by a heterogeneous fleet of drivers. Driver routes must satisfy various operational constraints. In the first part of the dissertation, our goal is to minimize the cost of daily drayage operations in a region on a given day. We present an optimization methodology for finding cost-effective schedules for regional daily drayage operations. The core of the formulation is a set partitioning model whose columns represent routes. Routes are added to the formulation by column generation. We present numerical results for real-world data which demonstrate that our methodology produces low cost solutions in a reasonably short time. The second part of the dissertation addresses minimizing total empty mileage when driver capacity is not restrictive and new orders are added to the problem in an online fashion. We present a lower bound for the worst case guarantee of any deterministic online algorithm. We develop a solution methodology and provide results for the performance of different scheduling policies and parameters in a simulated environment. In the third part of the dissertation, we study a system with one rail ramp and one customer location which is served by a single driver. The problem has discrete time periods and at most one new order is released randomly each time period. The objective is to maximize the expected number of orders covered. With this simple problem, we seek to learn more about route planning for a single driver under uncertainty. We prove that carrying out an order ready to be picked up at the driver's current location is optimal for the case with one customer location. We show that the structure of the optimal policies is not simple and depends on various parameters. We devise a simple policy which yields provably near-optimal results and identify a case for which that policy is optimal.

Il presente lavoro ha ad oggetto l’analisi del fenomeno giuridico della covendita, che, come noto, si è diffuso nella prassi negoziale italiana attraverso il recepimento di talune fattispecie negoziali nate e sviluppatesi negli ordinamenti anglosassoni. In particolare, l’attenzione viene rivolta alle cc.dd. clausole di drag along (o “trascinamento”), le quali si inseriscono nell’ambito delle pattuizioni negoziali che comportano un obbligo di covendita. Le ragioni della scelta di tale tema di ricerca risiedono nella diffusione di questo tipo di clausole nella disciplina dei rapporti societari. In effetti, la redazione di clausole che dispongono un obbligo di covendita rappresenta ormai una tecnica negoziale ampiamente diffusa nella pratica dei negozi acquisitivi di partecipazioni sociali. La clausola di drag along è normalmente inserita all’interno di patti parasociali stipulati laddove venga effettuata un’acquisizione da cui risulti una società partecipata da una pluralità di investitori. Tuttavia, con sempre maggior frequenza, e nell’ambito di una certa tendenza alla “migrazione dal parasociale al sociale” quale effetto della nuova disciplina dei patti parasociali introdotta dalla riforma del diritto societario, questo genere di clausole viene inserito direttamente negli statuti delle società di capitali. Il recepimento a livello statutario della clausola di trascinamento ha posto numerosi interrogativi in ordine alla relativa natura giuridica, validità ed efficacia. In particolare, gli aspetti che hanno costituito oggetto di maggiore attenzione da parte della dottrina e della giurisprudenza sono costituiti dalla collocazione sistematica della clausola statutaria di trascinamento e dalle relative condizioni di validità alla luce dei principi inderogabili dell’ordinamento societario. Un profilo che, invece, non è stato adeguatamente approfondito attiene alla natura “sociale” o “parasociale” di una siffatta clausola statutaria. Si tratta, peraltro, di un aspetto non secondario, atteso che, come cerca di dimostrare il presente lavoro, l’inserimento della clausola di trascinamento all’interno dello statuto sociale non sembrerebbe implicare di per sé il riconoscimento alla medesima di un valore “sociale” e, dunque, imporne automaticamente la valutazione della validità alla stregua del diritto societario. In questa prospettiva, il presente lavoro procede, innanzitutto, ad una ricognizione delle clausole che vengono generalmente ricondotte nel genus della covendita: e ciò, segnatamente, al fine di ricostruire i tratti tipologici delle clausole di drag along, così da distinguerle dalle altre tecniche negoziali ricomprese nell’istituto della covendita. In particolare, si cerca di individuare l’ambito di applicazione di una siffatta clausola e gli interessi economici che essa è in grado di soddisfare. L’indagine compiuta dimostra che la clausola di drag along è di regola estranea alla sfera dell’ordinamento sociale e abitualmente inserita in patti parasociali stipulati da soci di società a struttura chiusa che presentano un elevato grado di investimenti specifici, in ragione della sua inerenza a specifiche operazioni di acquisizione societaria, caratterizzate dal normale interesse dei soci paciscenti alla massimizzazione del valore delle proprie partecipazioni sociali e dal fisiologico disinteresse degli stessi a vincolare i soci presenti e futuri ad un determinato assetto negoziale. Successivamente, alla luce dei risultati raggiunti, obiettivo del lavoro è quello di dimostrare che la clausola statutaria di drag along può assumere carattere sociale o parasociale a seconda del caso concreto. In particolare, tale verifica, compiuta attraverso l’esame dei vari criteri di distinzione del sociale dal parasociale elaborati dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza, porta a ritenere che, al fine di riconoscere un rilievo sociale alla clausola statutaria di drag along, sia necessario che la stessa – oltre ad essere formulata in modo impersonale – soddisfi un ulteriore requisito: e, cioè, sia idonea a rispondere ad interessi sociali, destinati a soddisfare un’esigenza dell’ente o, indistintamente, dei soci in astratto, e non miri, invece, a gestire unicamente specifici rapporti tra soci. Infine, vengono esaminate le conseguenze che derivano sul piano qualificatorio e disciplinare a seconda che la clausola statutaria di drag along assuma, nel caso concreto, carattere “sociale” o “parasociale”. In particolare, l’indagine cerca di dimostrare, da un lato, che, contrariamente a quanto solitamente si ritiene, il patto parasociale di trascinamento – così come la clausola statutaria di drag along di natura parasociale – non pare essere, a rigore, un patto che disciplina le condizioni di “circolazione” delle partecipazioni, ma un patto che regola le condizioni di “investimento” e di “disinvestimento” nella società, essendo normalmente volto a tutelare l’interesse di tutti i soci paciscenti alla massimizzazione del valore delle partecipazioni sociali; dall’altro lato, che la struttura funzionale della clausola statutaria di drag along di carattere sociale presenta delle analogie rispetto alla struttura funzionale degli istituti giuridici del riscatto azionario e dell’esclusione del socio di s.r.l., dovendosi pertanto ritenere valida nella misura in cui sia compatibile con il principio dell’equa valorizzazione della partecipazione obbligatoriamente dismessa che si ricava dagli artt. 2437 sexies e 2473 bis c.c.
The present work relates to the legal analysis of the phenomenon of co-sale, which, as noted, it is common practice in negotiating through the implementation of certain Italian case negotiating created and developed in the Anglo-Saxon legal systems. In particular, attention is paid to cc.dd. drag along clauses (or "drag"), which are part of the negotiating stipulations that imply an obligation of co-sale. The reasons for the choice of research topic that reside in the spread of such clauses in the discipline of corporate relationships. In fact, the wording of clauses that have an obligation to co-sale is now negotiating a technique widely used in the practice of shopping acquisitive of shareholdings. The drag along clause is normally included in shareholders' agreements concluded when an acquisition is made, which result in a company owned by several investors. However, with increasing frequency, and within a certain tendency to "migrate from the parasocial to social" as a result of the new discipline of shareholders' agreements introduced by the reform of company law, such clauses are inserted directly into the statutes of the company capital. The implementation of the statutory provision at the drag posed numerous questions as to its legal, valid and effective. In particular, the aspects that have been the subject of increased attention by the doctrine and jurisprudence are constituted by the systematic position of the statute and the drive conditions of its validity in the light of the overriding principles of corporate order. A profile, however, has not been adequately thorough regards the "social" or "parasocial" of such a statute. It is, however, an important aspect, since, as this paper seeks to demonstrate, the inclusion of the clause in the bylaws do not drag would seem to imply the recognition of itself to the same value of a "social "and, therefore, automatically impose the same way as the evaluation of the validity of corporate law. In this perspective, this work proceeds, first, a survey of the clauses that are generally traced in the genus of the co-sale, and this, in particular, in order to reconstruct the typological features of the drag along clauses, so as to distinguish them from other negotiating techniques covered in the institution of co-sale. In particular, it seeks to identify the scope of such a clause and the economic interests that it is able to satisfy. The investigation carried out shows that the drag along clause is generally alien to the sphere of social order and usually included in shareholders' agreements concluded by shareholders of companies with a closed structure with a high degree of specific investments, because of its inherent specific corporate acquisitions, characterized by normal partners' interest in maximizing the value of their shareholdings and physiologically the same selflessness to bind the shareholders present and future negotiations to a specific structure. Later, in the light of the results achieved, goal of the work is to demonstrate that the statute can take to drag along social or agreement depending on the case. In particular, the verification process, accomplished through the examination of the various criteria of social distinction by the agreement drawn up by the doctrine and case law, leads to the belief that in order to recognize a social relevance to the statute of drag along, it is necessary that the same - as well as being formulated in an impersonal way - to fulfill an additional requirement: it is, is likely to respond to social interests, to meet a need or entity, without distinction of members in the abstract, and is not intended, however to handle only specific relationships between members. Finally, we examined the consequences on the level and discipline depending on whether the statute assumes drag along, in this case, "social" or " parasocial ". In particular, the survey seeks to demonstrate, firstly, that, contrary to what is usually considered the shareholders 'drag - as well as the statute of nature to drag along' agreement - does not seem to be, strictly speaking, a covenant governing the conditions of "circulation" of the investments, but a pact that regulates the conditions of "investment" and "disinvestment" in society, being generally aimed at protecting the interest of all shareholders to maximize the value of equity, on the other hand, the functional structure of the statute to drag along for social presents similarities with respect to the functional structure of legal institutions and the exclusion of equity of redemption partner srl, having to therefore be considered valid to the extent that both compatible with the principle of fair value of the investment which is made mandatory abandoned by the articles 2437 sexies e 2473 bis c.c.

Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formattted into pages: contains vii, 81 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1999.
"March 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Andres Larraza, Bruce C. Denardo. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-28). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1993.
Thesis advisor(s): Howard, Richard M. ; Sweeney, III, Joseph W. "December 1993." Includes bibliographical references (p. 97). Also available online.

Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 36 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-32). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

This thesis explores the elastic behaviour of the mechanical double action press and draw die system commonly used to draw sheet metal components in the automotive industry. High process variability in production and excessive time spent in die try-out are significant problems in automotive stamping. It has previously been suggested that the elastic behaviour of the system may contribute to these problems. However, the mechanical principles that cause the press system to affect the forming process have not been documented in detail. Due to a poor understanding of these problems in industry, the elasticity of the press and tools is currently not considered during the die design. The aim of this work was to explore the physical principles of press system elasticity and determine the extent to which it contributes to problems in try-out and production. On the basis of this analysis methods were developed for controlling or accounting for problems during the design process. The application of frictional restraining force to the edges of the blank during forming depends on the distribution and magnitude of the clamping force between the binders surfaces of the draw die. This is an important control parameter for the deep drawing process. It has been demonstrated in this work that the elasticity of the press and draw die can affect clamping force in two ways. The response of the press system, to the forces produced in the press during forming, causes the magnitude of clamping force to change during the stroke. This was demonstrated using measured data from a production press. A simple linear elastic model of the press system was developed to illustrate a definite link between the measured force variation and the elasticity of the press and tools. The simple model was extended into a finite element model of the complete press system, which was used to control a forming simulation. It was demonstrated that stiffness variation within the system could influence the final strains in a drawn part. At the conclusion of this investigation a method is proposed for assessing the sensitivity of a part to clamping force variation in the press during die design. A means of reducing variation in the press through the addition of a simple linear spring element is also discussed. The second part of the work assessed the influence of tool structure on the distribution of frictional restraining forces to the blank. A forming simulation showed that tool stiffness affects the distribution of clamping pressure between the binders. This was also shown to affect the final strains in a drawn part. However, the most significant influence on restraining force was the tendency of the blank to increase in thickness between the binders during forming. Using a finite element approximation of the try-out process it was shown that the structure of the tool would also contribute to the problems currently experienced in try-out where uneven contact pressure distributions are addressed by manually adjusting the tool surfaces. Finally a generalised approach to designing draw die structures was developed. Simple analysis methods were combined with finite element based topology optimisation techniques to develop a set of basic design guidelines. The aim of the guidelines was to produce a structure with uniform stiffness response to a pressure applied at the binder surface. The work concludes with a recommendation for introducing the methods developed in this thesis into the standard production process.

An experimental investigation has been undertaken in a wind tunnel to study the induced airflow and drag reduction capability of AC glow discharge plasma actuators. Plasma is the fourth state of matter whereby a medium, such as air, is ionized creating a system of electrons, ions and neutral particles. Surface glow discharge plasma actuators have recently become a topic for flow control due to their ability to exert a body force near the wall of an aerodynamic object which can create or alter a flow. The exact nature of this force is not well understood, although the current state of knowledge is that the phenomenon results from the presence of charged plasma particles in a highly non-uniform electric field. Such actuators are lightweight, fully electronic (needing no moving parts or complicated ducting), have high bandwidth and high energy density. The manufacture of plasma actuators is relatively cheap and they can be easily retrofitted to existing surfaces. The first part of this study aims at characterising the airflow induced by surface plasma actuators in initially static air. Ambient air temperature and velocity profiles are presented around a variety of actuators in order to understand the nature of the induced flow for various parameters such as applied voltage, frequency, actuator geometry and material. It is found that the plasma actuator creates a laminar wall jet along the surface of the material on which it is placed. The second part of the study aims at using plasma actuators to reduce skin-friction drag in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer. Actuators are designed to induce spanwise forcing near the wall, oscillating in time. Thermal anemometry measurements within the boundary layer are presented. These show that the surface plasma can cause a skin-friction drag reduction of up to 45% due to the creation of streamwise vortices which interact with, and disrupt the near-wall turbulence production cycle.

This is the first holistic study of English cross-dressed performers. It will situate drag performers within their cultural context in order to establish how their concerns, motivations, employment, communities, friendships, self-perception and artistic ambitions impact on their performances. Furthermore, it utilises performance and ethnographic analysis of a number of artistes to demonstrate how modern drag politicises communities and forms an accessible critique of social roles. Furthermore, it aims to reunite Queer Theory with the realities of its effects on society. The first chapter establishes the study’s position within the overarching framework of Queer Theory. A troupe of drag performers are examined in light of Judith Butler’s theories of performativity to elucidate how the social aspects of gender can be developed. Then, Kate Bornstein’s work is used to illustrate how individuals can use these identities as a conscious method of self-development. Following this, the second chapter explores the social role drag performers have, sometimes inadvertently, chosen. Developing the theories of the interrelationship between belief, LGBTQ sexuality and otherness purported by Kate Bornstein, it asserts the educational and social role that can be taken by drag performers. The third chapter focuses on the messages that these LGTBQ shaman (a theory developed from Laurence Senelick’s work) convey to their community via performance. Case studies illustrate how the performers tailor their acts to politicise their often apathetic audiences. This work is extrapolated in the fourth chapter, which focuses on the community-wide Pride Parade performances. The Rabelaisian carnivalesque is used to argue that the carnivals encourage the audience to review their gender development, revitalising the culture. Finally, the fifth chapter demonstrates how these differing theoretical strands enable televised drag performance to challenge censure by questioning ‘otherness’ itself. This is achieved with reference to horror theory, camp and the performances of Danny La Rue, amongst others, and the cultural impact of the programme Little Britain (2003). The thesis demonstrates that drag is, in fact, a dialogue that can engage and politicise mainstream culture.

The freight rail industry is essential to the US infrastructure and there is significant motivation to improve its efficiency. The aerodynamic drag associated with transport of commodities by rail is becoming increasingly important as the cost of diesel fuel increases. For intermodal railcars a significant amount of aerodynamic drag is a result of the large distance between containers that often occurs and the resulting pressure drag resulting from the separated flow that results due to their non-streamlined shape. This thesis reports on research that has been done to characterize the aerodynamic drag on intermodal train builds and allow their builds to be optimized for fuel efficiency. Data was obtained through wind tunnel testing of G-scale (1/29) models. Drag on these models was measured using a system of isolated load cell balances and the wind tunnel speed was varied from 20 to 100 mph. Several common intermodal scenarios were explored and the aerodynamic drag for each was characterized. These scenarios were the partial loading of containers on rail cars, the influence of the gap between containers, the use of a streamlined container near the front of the train, and the inclusion of semi-trailers on railcars. For each case multiple build configurations were tested and the drag results were compared to determine the optimal build for each scenario.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 64).
Samsung Electronics as a DRAM provider has kept its leadership in the DRAM market with leading technology and production capacity since the 1990s even though there were unpredictable market fluctuations and dramatic changes in competition. Through the depressed market starting from 2006 to 2008, and the financial crisis, Samsung Electronics tightened its leading position in the DRAM market with changes in the dynamics of competition. But, from the industry wide view, the IT industry is getting complex since its system change from vertical integration to horizontal ecosystem. Also, the shrinkage of optical lithography, the main technical issue in semiconductor industry, is predicted to reach the uppermost limit. In this sense, Samsung Electronics as a DRAM provider should analyze and evaluate its current position in the DRAM market and the IT industry and needs to set a strategic goal and methods for sustaining its current position and also pursue more growth. I examine the current DRAM market dynamics, diagnose Samsung's current business status and strategy in the DRAM industry, and try to find a way to create value as a complementor in diverse IT industries. Furthermore, I will try to find opportunities where Samsung can sustainably capture value in the DRAM market. For this analysis, I use several frame works and concepts: Value creation and capture, Michael Porter's five forces analysis and Value Chain, Departure from a perfect competitive market, Ecosystem, and Complementor.
by Joonkyu Kang.
S.M.

Thesis advisor: Christopher Maxwell
In this paper I present an econometric analysis of selection bias in the NBA Draft from 1995-2003. Employing an interval regression maximum likelihood control model that predicts the eventual value of players based on their Draft position, I pinpoint which groups of players consistently over-perform or under-perform relative to their Draft position. Using this analysis I detect bias pertaining to four different groups of players. There was a bias against high school players, especially those taken in the lottery (the top of the first round of the Draft), which may point to risk-averse tendencies of NBA teams. There was also a bias in favor of centers taken in the lottery, who were consistently drafted too high. Black players were selected too low in the first round, and too high in the second round. The final effect deals with foreign entrants to the Draft. From 1995-2001 foreigners were drafted too low; in 2002 and 2003, when more foreigners were selected, they were drafted too high. My paper details the nature of these biases and analyzes their potential causes
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: College Honors Program