Journal articles: 'Drainer'

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Niizuma, Kuniyasu, Toshiki Endo, Kenichi Sato, Shihomi Takada, Takayuki Sugawara, Shigeki Mikawa, and Teiji Tominaga. "Surgical Treatment of Spinal Extradural Arteriovenous Fistula With Parenchymal Drainage: Report on 5 Cases." Operative Neurosurgery 73, suppl_2 (February 25, 2013): ons287—ons294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000189.

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Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Spinal extradural arteriovenous fistula (SEDAVF) with parenchymal drainage (type A) is a rare clinical entity that causes venous congestive myelopathy. Treatment includes endovascular and open microsurgical interventions. We reviewed the clinical records of patients treated for a type A SEDAVF to evaluate the feasibility of our treatment strategy. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Between 2004 and 2010, 5 patients with a type A SEDAVF were treated at our institutes (4 men and 1 woman; mean age, 60 years). We performed endovascular transvenous embolization (TVE) when lesions were accessible transvenously; otherwise, microsurgical perimedullary drainer occlusion was performed. Follow-up ranged from 23 to 94 months (mean, 45.8 months). One patient was treated with TVE, and the remaining 4 were treated with microsurgical drainer occlusion. After a simple intradural drainer occlusion, an epidural venous lake was completely thrombosed in 2 patients. In 1 patient, postoperative angiography revealed that a part of the epidural component had persisted; however, the patient has been asymptomatic. In the remaining case with multiple intradural draining veins, sole drainer occlusion was not sufficient. A second surgery was required to meticulously coagulate the venous lake. As a consequence, parenchymal drainers disappeared. Overall, all patients stabilized or improved neurologically and experienced no recurrence. CONCLUSION: To treat a type A SEDAVF, either TVE or microsurgical intradural drainer occlusion can be used for satisfactory long-term results with minimal surgical risks. For a case with multiple intradural draining veins, detachment of the venous lake should be considered.

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Ezura, M., A. Takahashi, and K. Mizoi. "Dural Arteriovenous Shunts Involving the Sphenoparietal Sinus." Interventional Neuroradiology 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101999600200308.

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A 40-year-old male suffered transient global amnesia and was diagnosed as having a very rare location of dural arteriovenous shunt (dAVS) involving the right sphenoparietal sinus. The feeding pedicles of dAVS were not only arising from the right external carotid system, including the middle meningeal artery, but also the right internal carotid system including the ophthalmic artery. The dAVS drained into the right sphenoparietal sinus, right vein of Labbe, and right basal vein of Rosenthal through numerous dilated temporal cortical veins. The arteriovenous shunt itself was located at the dura around the right superior ophthalmic fissure and a large varix received direct shunting blood flow from the right sphenoparietal sinus. The dAVS was cured by drainer clipping following transarterial embolisations. A dAVS with cortical venous drainage is considered to have a higher risk of haemorrhage and venous infarction than the others and thus warrants treatment even if the clinical symptom is minimal. If the dAVS has a single drainer, it will be easily cured by way of drainer clipping. Preoperative embolisation makes clipping easier and safer. Intraoperative angiography is useful because preoperative angiography may not necessarily show the complete angioarchitecture around the lesion.

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Bretagnol, F., K. Slim, and J. L. Faucheron. "Résection antérieure avec anastomose colorectale sous-péritonéale. Drainer ou ne pas drainer ?" Annales de Chirurgie 130, no. 5 (June 2005): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anchir.2005.03.007.

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Fowler, John. "What is your battery drainer?" Dental Nursing 12, no. 10 (October 2, 2016): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2016.12.10.562.

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Oikonomou, Vlasis, Martin Patel, and Ernst Worrell. "Climate policy: Bucket or drainer?" Energy Policy 34, no. 18 (December 2006): 3656–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.08.012.

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David, Sophie, Alexandra Degandt, Patrick Bouffard, Marie-Ange Silicani, and Philippe Mauriat. "Épanchement péricardique : quand et comment drainer ?" Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation 9, no. 1 (February 2005): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1279-7960(05)83661-7.

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Larroquet, M., R. Epaud, C. Grapin, and P. Helardot. "Faut-il encore drainer les pleurésies purulentes ?" Archives de Pédiatrie 12, no. 6 (June 2005): 830–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2005.04.049.

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Vidali, N., A. Chevet-Noel, P. Ringenbach, and J. B. Andreoletti. "Faut-il encore drainer les réductions mammaires ?" Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique 64, no. 1 (February 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2018.03.006.

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Mineura, K., H. Sasajima, Y. Itoh, M. Kowada, N. Tomura, and K. Goto. "Development of a huge varix following endovascular embolization for cerebellar arteriovenous malformation." Acta Radiologica 39, no. 2 (March 1998): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859809172177.

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We report on the case of a huge varix that developed after the endovascular embolization of a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with a single drainer. A 21-year-old male presented with trigeminal neuralgia which was caused by the dilated drainer of the AVM. A varix was found at the basal vein of Rosenthal 2 months after an initial stage of embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles; it diminished after the surgical extirpation of the AVM The varix formation might have been facilitated by the stenosis in the vein of Galen and by the dynamic changes that followed the embolization This rare complication should be kept in mind when embolization is performed for AVMs with impaired venous outlets

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Vernier-Mosca, M., I. Pluvy, T. Bayti, A. Louvrier, and J. B. Andreoletti. "Abdominoplasties : faut-il encore les drainer en 2021 ?" Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique 66, no. 4 (August 2021): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2021.04.002.

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Ismaili, Nabila, Hamid Madani, Hayat Berkhli, Brahim Housni, and El Ouafi Noha. "La tamponnade : quand faut-il ne pas drainer ?" Sang thrombose vaisseaux 24, no. 8 (October 2012): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/stv.2012.0722.

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Télion, Caroline, and Pierre Carli. "Drainage thoracique en urgence : quand et où drainer ?" Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation 8, no. 6 (December 2004): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1279-7960(04)98289-7.

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Arslan, Metin. "Effects of drainer formworks on concrete lateral pressure." Construction and Building Materials 16, no. 5 (July 2002): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-0618(02)00025-9.

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Murshed, Ishraq, Aashray K. Gupta, Joshua G. Kovoor, and Guy J. Maddern. "Surgical inter‐hospital transfers: life saver or resource drainer?" ANZ Journal of Surgery 92, no. 6 (June 2022): 1300–1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ans.17786.

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Salé, A., F. Thépault, M. Labalette, M. Kerjouan, B. De Latour, B. Desrues, and S. Jouneau. "Premier épisode de pneumothorax spontané primaire : qui drainer, comment ?" Réanimation 25, no. 1 (January 2016): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13546-015-1156-1.

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Taieb, M., S. Ammari, N. Nait Slimane, K. Drai, A. Tibiche, and E. H. Haicheur. "Doit-on drainer systématiquement toutes les infections de nécrose pancréatique ?" Journal de Chirurgie Viscérale 159, no. 4 (September 2022): S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchirv.2022.07.084.

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Bensghir, M., M. Moutaoukil, M. Meziane, A. Jaafari, B. Hemmaoui, and C. Haimeur. "Pneumothorax occulte : faut-il drainer avant une intervention chirurgicale programmée ?" Revue de Pneumologie Clinique 72, no. 4 (August 2016): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2015.12.005.

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Razazi, K., A. Mekontso Dessap, and L. Brochard. "Faut-il drainer les épanchements pleuraux liquidiens des malades ventilés ?" Réanimation 23, S2 (December 20, 2013): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13546-014-0835-z.

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Setiawan, Tia, and Slamet Riyadi. "PENERAPAN ALAT MACHINE OIL DRAINER SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUK USAHA KRIPIK BELEDAG DI DESA SELAMANIK KABUPATEN CIAMIS." Abdimas Galuh 4, no. 2 (October 2, 2022): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ag.v4i2.8659.

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Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) Universitas Galuh yang dikemas dalam kegiatan “Penerapan Alat Machine Oil Drainer Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kesadaran Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Peningkatan Kualitas Produk Usaha Kripik Beledag di Desa Selamanik Kabupaten Ciamis” pada PD Dua Jempol bertujuan untuk mengatasi kualitas Produk yang terlalu banyak kadar minyak yang cukup tinggi akan menyebabkan kurang baik bagi kesehatan dan produk mudah menjadi tengik apabila selama penyimpanan terjadi, rendahnya harga jual produk, kurangnya pengembangan produk, kesulitan dalam pemasaran produk. Metode yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) Universitas Galuh ini yaitu metode instruksional, diikuti dengan praktek yang meliputi tiga tahapan, yaitu : 1) Penyampaian informasi (sosialisasi/penyuluhan) kepada UMKM kripik beledag mengenai kesehatan dan kualitas produk , 2) Pelatihan keterampilan membuat kripik beledag. 3) pelatihan keterampilan Penggunaan alat Machine Oil Drainer 4) Pembuatan Desain dan proses pengemasan kripik beledag. Dan Seminar hasil kegiatan pengabdian. Luaran yang dihasilkan berupa: 1) publikasi pada media cetak 2) publikasi pada media online, 3) Partisipasi mitra dalam mendukung program ini, selain sebagai peserta dalam pelatihan juga ikut sharing dalam proses pembuatan dan pengemasan produk dan yang telah dilatih mempunyai tugas untuk menyampaikan ke yang lain sehingga dapat mengembangkan usahanya.

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Wardono, Herry, Simparmin Br Ginting, and Herti Utami. "PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI ALAT SPINNER PADA PRODUK OLAHAN KERIPIK UMKM SWAKARYA DI DESA RULUNG SARI, LAMPUNG SELATAN." Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Sakai Sambayan 6, no. 3 (December 8, 2022): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jss.v6i3.378.

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The group of UMKM Swakarya, located in Desa Rulung Sari, Lampung Selatan is a home industry that produce variety of processed chips. This Swakarsa group is one of the UMKM that was initiated in 2020. At that time, the sluggish economy occurred, due to the Covid 19 pandemic, so the idea arose to sell processed products, namely banana chips and cassava chips. The problem with this partner of Swakarya UMKM is that the chip product turns out to be not hard like chips in general because the product does not drain the oil perfectly with a drainer, so the product cannot be stored longer. The Unila team provides solutions by using appropriate technology tools in order to drain the oil. In the manufacture of this chip product, after being fried, a spinner is used to drain the oil so that the chip product has a little oil content and is ready to be packaged and marketed. By providing this spinner, a tool for draining oil, it is expected that it will increase the production capacity of chips and the quality of chips produced by the partner for the better.

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Indrawati, Elsanda Merita, Hisbulloh Ahlis Munawi, Agus Suwardono, and Rachmad Santoso. "Design of Automated Processing Equipment Shallots (PEBMO) To Improve Product Quality Shallots." International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies 1, no. 8 (December 30, 2019): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v1i8.1807.

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For farmers onion, red onion quality is required to be maintained and prioritized, as the quality affect the selling price in the market. There are three types of quality of onion, which is of high quality red onion, red onion, medium quality and low quality onion. The third quality of onion was always found in every harvest, only a percentage of each crop are changing in every quality. Onion have lower quality will have a selling price is also very low, this has resulted in farmers losing money if yields lower quality onions have a high percentage. The best way to overcome the loss factor is to cultivate the red onion into a low-quality food products of high quality, so for that tool "PEBMO" is a solution to overcome the problems of onion farmers. Tools "PEBMO" designed to be able to make high quality products fried onions. This tool is designed to have 3 working system, ie peeler onion, red onion chopper, and oil drainer. With the tool "PEBMO" farmers can cultivate shallots low quality products easily and quickly, because farmers do not need to be difficult to peel and chop the onion using the manual method. In addition the tool is equipped with a tool that prevents the oil drainer fried onion products are completely free of oil and durable. Besides these tools also make fried onion products more hygienic and healthier because they have low levels of oil content. So with the "PEBMO" can improve the quality of low red onion into food products with high quality and price.

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Leeman, MF, ML Costa, E. Costello, and D. Edwards. "Timing of Re-Transfusion Drain Removal Following Total Knee Replacement." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 88, no. 2 (March 2006): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588406x95002.

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INTRODUCTION The use of postoperative drains following total knee replacement (TKR) has recently been modified by the use of re-transfusion drains. The aim of our study was to investigate the optimal time for removal of re-transfusion drains following TKR. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records of 66 patients who had a TKR performed between October 2003 and October 2004 were reviewed; blood drained before 6 h and the total volume of blood drained was recorded. RESULTS A total of 56 patients had complete records of postoperative drainage. The mean volume of blood collected in the drain in the first 6 h was 442 ml. The mean total volume of blood in the drain was 595 ml. Therefore, of the blood drained, 78% was available for transfusion. CONCLUSION Re-transfusion drains should be removed after 6 h, when no further re-transfusion is permissible.

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UDA, Kenji, Takashi IZUMI, Fumiaki KANAMORI, Kinya YOKOYAMA, Tetsuya TSUKADA, Masahiro NISHIHORI, Kazunori SHINTAI, Sho OKAMOTO, and Yoshio ARAKI. "Coexistence of a Dural Arteriovenous Fistula and Pial Arteriovenous Malformation Sharing a Common Drainer." NMC Case Report Journal 8, no. 1 (2021): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0349.

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Le Balc’h, E. "Traitement conventionnel des fistules anales." Côlon & Rectum 13, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/cer-2019-0072.

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Les fistules anales sont dans la plupart des cas d’origine cryptoglandulaire. Elles peuvent se présenter sous forme d’abcès aigu qu’il est alors nécessaire de drainer ou sous forme de fistule chronique. Le bilan topographique de la fistule est primordial pour guider la prise en charge. Il faut caractériser l’orifice interne, l’orifice externe et la complexité du trajet fistuleux qui les relie. En cas de fistule basse, une fistulotomie simple peut être envisagée et est le traitement le plus efficace. Si la fistule est haute et complexe, la prudence est de mise, et il faudra fractionner les temps opératoires pour limiter le risque de troubles de la continence postopératoire.

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Onda, Kiyoshi, Yuichi Yoshida, Kounosuke Watanabe, Hiroyuki Arai, Hideo Okada, and Tomoaki Terada. "High cervical arteriovenous fistulas fed by dural and spinal arteries and draining into a single medullary vein." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 20, no. 3 (March 2014): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.11.spine13402.

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Object The authors previously reported a case of complex arteriovenous fistula (AVF) at C-1 with multiple dural and spinal feeders that were linked with a common medullary venous channel. The purpose of the present study was to collect similar cases and analyze their angioarchitecture to gain a better understanding of this malformation. Methods Three such cases, affecting 2 males and 1 female in their 60s who had presented with hematomyelia (2) or progressive myelopathy (1), were treated surgically, and the operative findings from all 3 cases were compared using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to determine the angioarchitecture. Results The C-1 and C-2 radicular arteries and anterior and posterior spinal arteries supplied feeders to a single medullary draining vein in various combinations and via various routes. The drainage veins ran along the affected ventral nerve roots and lay ventral to the spinal cord. The sites of shunting to the vein were multiple: dural, along the ventral nerve root in the subarachnoid space, and on the spinal cord, showing a vascular structure typical of dural AVF, that is, a direct arteriovenous shunt near the spinal root sleeve fed by one or more dural arteries and ending in a single draining vein, except for intradural shunts fed by feeders from the spinal arteries. In 2 cases with hemorrhagic onset the drainer flowed rostrally, and in 1 case associated with congestive myelopathy the drainer flowed both rostrally and caudally. Preoperative determination of the shunt sites and feeding arteries was difficult because of complex recruitment of the feeders and multiple shunt sites. The angioarchitecture in these cases was clarified postoperatively by meticulous comparison of the DSA images and operative video. Direct surgical intervention led to a favorable outcome in all 3 cases. Conclusions A high cervical complex AVF has unique angioarchitectural characteristics different from those seen in the other spinal regions.

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Watanabe, K., T. Kinkori, T. Takagi, T. Inoue, and M. Takayasu. "A Case of Posterior Fossa Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Successfully Treated with Transarterial Embolization." Interventional Neuroradiology 12, no. 1_suppl (January 2006): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199060120s132.

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A 40-year-old man was transferred to our hospital due to sudden headache while swimming in the pool. CT revealed cerebellar haematoma within vermis associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with venous pouch on the surface of cerebellar vermis. Fistulas were on the meningeal surface near the sinus confluence. Draining veins formed venous pouch invaginating into cerebellar vermis. Transarterial embolization (TAE) was performed under the concept that main feeder should be embolized last to occlude the DAVFs completely. Post-embolization 3D-CT showed the cast of N-butyl –cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in the fistulas as well as in the drainer. The good order of occlusion made the embolization complete.

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Arif, Chusnul, Budi Indra Setiawan, Satyanto Krido Saptomo, Hiroshi Matsuda, Koremasa Tamura, Youichi Inoue, Zaqiah Mambaul Hikmah, Nurkholish Nugroho, Nurwulan Agustiani, and Willy Bayuardi Suwarno. "Performances of Sheet-Pipe Typed Subsurface Drainage on Land and Water Productivity of Paddy Fields in Indonesia." Water 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010048.

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Subsurface drainage technology may offer a useful option in improving crop productivity by preventing water-logging in poor drainage paddy fields. The present study compared two paddy fields with and without sheet-pipe type subsurface drainage on land and water productivities in Indonesia. Sheet-pipe typed is perforated plastic sheets with a hole diameter of 2 mm and made from high-density polyethylene. It is commonly installed 30–50 cm below the soil surface and placed horizontally by a machine called a mole drainer, and then the sheets will automatically be a capillary pipe. Two fields were prepared, i.e., the sheet-pipe typed field (SP field) and the non-sheet-pipe typed field (NSP field) with three rice varieties (Situ Bagendit, Inpari 6 Jete, and Inpari 43 Agritan). In both fields, weather parameters and water depth were measured by the automatic weather stations, soil moisture sensors and water level sensors. During one season, the SP field drained approximately 45% more water compared to the NSP field. Thus, it caused increasing in soil aeration and producing a more significant grain yield, particularly for Inpari 43 Agritan. The SP field produced a 5.77 ton/ha grain yield, while the NSP field was 5.09 ton/ha. By producing more grain yield, the SP field was more effective in water use as represented by higher water productivity by 20%. The results indicated that the sheet-pipe type system developed better soil aeration that provides better soil conditions for rice.

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André, Thierry. "Faut-il drainer les voies biliaires avant exérèse d’un cancer de la tête du pancréas ?" Bulletin du Cancer 97, no. 5 (May 2010): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/bdc.2010.1076.

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Mellor, S. G., M. H. Thomas, and B. S. Donnellan. "Cholecystectomy: Safe or Not Safe to Drain?" Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 81, no. 10 (October 1988): 566–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688808101005.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether drains influenced the size of subhepatic collections following cholecystectomy, and if these had any affect on complications. Eighty-five patients undergoing cholecystectomy had either no drain, a narrow bore suction drain or an open corrugated drain. Subhepatic fluid collections were measured by real time ultrasound on the first and fifth postoperative days, and thereafter if necessary. The volumes of fluid drained were also measured and clinical complications recorded. The subhepatic collections were, on average, the same whether a drain was used or not. Drains produced volumes considerably in excess of any subhepatic collection measured, but they did not appear to warn of biliary leakage. More complications (28%) were seen in the drained group compared with the undrained group (10.5%), and furthermore, the complications did not seem to occur in relation to the larger collections. One patient who had had a corrugated drain correctly placed developed biliary peritonitis. We suggest that drainage of simple cholecystectomy is unnecessary and, if an open drain is used, potentially dangerous.

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Mohialdeen, Fadhil Ahmed, Abdul-Wahid M. Salih, Mohammed IM Gubari, and Soran Ameen Hama-law. "Drain versus non drain in thyroid surgery." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 2 (December 18, 2016): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2016.1.2.5.

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The use of a suction drain in thyroid surgery is common practice in order to avoid hematomas or seromas. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of inserting a routine drainage tube after thyroid surgery. In this retrospective study, 102 patients who underwent either a total thyroidectomy for thyroid disorders were assigned to either the drained or the non-drained groups. The length of hospital stays, postoperative pain, patient comfortability and complications were retrieved. Both groups were homogeneous according to age, gender, type of procedure performed, histopathological diagnosis residency and marital status. No significant difference was found between the two groups in post- operative complications, but the length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in non-drained group (p<0.0001), and drained group needed one more dose of analgesics compared to non-drained group to alleviate the post-operative pain.Our findings, suggesting that the use of drain for thyroid surgery cannot lower the incidence of complications. Furthermore, the use of drains may increase length of hospital stay, postoperative-pain,and the need of analgesic and contribute to the discomfort of the patients. Hence, the routine insertion of drains after total thyroidectomy for benign disorders might not be necessary.

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Seivert, Vincent, Loïc Milin, Amandine Lamy, and Henry Coudane. "Faut-il drainer après une chirurgie réparatrice sous arthroscopie de la coiffe des rotateurs de l’épaule ?" Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 100, no. 7 (November 2014): S227—S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcot.2014.09.043.

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Ali, Riasat, Tom Hatton, Richard George, John Byrne, and Geoff Hodgson. "Evaluation of the impacts of deep open drains on groundwater levels in the wheatbelt of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 11 (2004): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04068.

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Abstract. Over one million hectares of the wheatbelt of Western Australia (WA) are affected by secondary salinisation and this area is expected to increase to between 3 and 5 million hectares if current trends continue. Deep open drains, as an engineering solution to dryland salinity, have been promoted over the past few decades; however, the results of initial experiments were variable and no thorough analysis has been done. This research quantifies the effects of deep open drains on shallow and deep groundwater at farm and subcatchment level. Analysis of rainfall data showed that the only dry year (below average rainfall) after the construction of drainage in the Narembeen area of WA (in 1998 and 1999) was 2002. The dry year caused some decline in groundwater levels in the undrained areas but had no significant impact in the drained areas. The study found that the effect of drains on the groundwater levels was particularly significant if the initial water levels were well above the drain bed level, permeable materials were encountered, and drain depth was adequate (2.0–3.0 m). Visual observations and evidence derived from this study area suggested that if the drain depth cut through more permeable, macropore-dominated siliceous and ferruginous hardpans, which exist 1.5–3 m from the soil surface, its efficiency exceeded that predicted by simple drainage theory based on bulk soil texture. The effect of drains often extended to distances away (>200 m) from the drain. Immediately following construction, drains had a high discharge rate until a new hydrologic equilibrium was reached. After equilibrium, flow largely comprised regional groundwater discharge and was supplemented by quick responses driven by rainfall recharge. Comparison between the hydrology of the drained and undrained areas in the Wakeman subcatchment showed that, in the valley floors of the drained areas, the water levels fluctuated mainly between 1.5 and 2.5 m of the soil surface during most of the year. In the valley floors of the undrained areas, they fluctuated between 0 and 1 m of the soil surface. The impact of an extreme rainfall event (or unusual wet season) on drain performance was predicted to vary with distance from the drain. Within 100 m from the drain, water levels declined relatively quickly, whereas it took a year before the water levels at 200–300 m away from the drain responded. The main guidelines that can be recommended based on the results from this study are the drain depth and importance of ferricrete layer. In order to be effective, a drain should be more than 2 m deep and it should cut through the ferricrete layer that exists in many landscapes in the wheatbelt.

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Benrabah, R., M. Boudjella, S. Boumelit, F. Nechiche, M. Saidani, T. Lounici, B. Hamada, et al. "Faut-il systématiquement drainer par sonde double JJ après urétéroscopie avec endolithotritie simple non compliquée ? Étude randomisée." Progrès en Urologie 23, no. 13 (November 2013): 1130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.purol.2013.08.259.

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Park, Seong-Cheol, Seung-Ki Kim, Byung-Kyu Cho, Hyun Jib Kim, Jeong Eun Kim, Ji Hoon Phi, In-One Kim, and Kyu-Chang Wang. "Sinus pericranii in children: report of 16 patients and preoperative evaluation of surgical risk." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 4, no. 6 (December 2009): 536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.7.peds0994.

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Object Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare venous varix in an extracranial location connected to the intracranial venous system. The aim of this retrospective study was to report on 16 pediatric cases of SP with consideration of the preoperative evaluation of surgical risk. Methods The study population consisted of 10 patients who had undergone surgery for SP and 6 patients with concomitant craniosynostosis and SP. The mean age of the patients at presentation was 3.7 years. To identify characteristics of SP with high operative risk, 8 cases in this report and 11 previously reported cases of SP with sufficient information were categorized on the basis of the number and size of SP, the number and size of transcranial channels, the venous drainage type, and the amount of blood loss. Hemorrhage amounts were classified into 3 grades based on the description of intraoperative blood loss. Results Sinus pericranii not associated with craniosynostosis were resected without any postoperative morbidity. Sinus pericranii associated with craniosynostosis were preserved. After craniofacial reconstruction, 2 cases of SP with craniosynostosis regressed, completely in one patient and partially in another. These 2 patients with SP were confirmed to have compromised intracranial sinus before craniofacial reconstruction. Among a total of 19 patients, multiplicity or size (> 6 cm) of SP (p = 0.036) and multiplicity (> 3) or size (> 3 mm) of transcranial channels (p = 0.004) was associated with more severe hemorrhage grade. Sinus pericranii with peripheral venous drainage (drainer type) was not associated with hemorrhage grade after classification into 3 grades (p = 0.192). However, all 3 cases of SP with massive Grade 3 hemorrhage were the drainer type. Hemorrhage grade was correlated with the number of risk factors for SP (r = 0.793, p < 0.001). Conclusions Three risk factors of SP and the presence of compromised intracranial sinus are markers for highrisk SP. “Squeezed-out sinus syndrome” is suggested as a concept for SP associated with compromised intracranial sinus, mainly caused by craniosynostosis. Sinus pericranii in squeezed-out sinus syndrome probably serves as a crucial alternative to venous drainage of the brain with intracranial venous compromise. Conservative treatment for such patients with SP is recommended.

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Schaller, Carlo, Horst Urbach, Johannes Schramm, and Bernhard Meyer. "Role of Venous Drainage in Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Surgery, as Related to the Development of Postoperative Hyperperfusion Injury." Neurosurgery 51, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200210000-00012.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of venous drainage in cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) surgery, with respect to the development of postoperative hyperperfusion injury. METHODS For 52 patients with supratentorial AVMs, cortical capillary oxygenation (SaO2) was assessed intraoperatively, before and after resection, in the vicinity of the AVMs, by using a microspectrophotometric method. Assessed areas were defined as being related to feeding arteries or draining veins or as distant areas. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of postoperative angiographic findings, as follows: Group 1, all former draining veins preserved (8 patients); Group 2, ≥1 former draining vein visible (12 patients); Group 3, no former draining veins visible (32 patients). Patients and SaO2 values were pooled and compared by using paired and unpaired t tests (P < 0.05). Venous circulation times were calculated from digital subtraction angiography films. RESULTS The postresectional relative increases in SaO2 values were highest in draining vein areas (+40.8%, compared with +25% in feeder areas and +25.5% in distant areas). Five postoperative hyperemic complications occurred (9.6%), none in Group 1 (with all draining veins preserved), two (16.7%) in Group 2, and three (9.4%) in Group 3 (with all draining veins occluded). The lowest preresectional SaO2 values (31.7 ± 6.2%) were measured in the drainer areas of the five patients who subsequently developed hyperperfusion injuries. Among those patients, postresectional increases in SaO2 values were significantly greater in drainer areas (+167.8%) than in feeder areas (+28.3%) or distant areas (+25.8%). Postoperative venous circulation times in former draining veins in Group 2 were significantly greater than those in Group 1 (8.9 ± 1.5 s versus 6.3 ± 0.6 s). Circulation times in normal veins in the five patients with hyperperfusion injury increased from 5.6 ± 1.0 seconds (preoperatively) to 8.4 ± 1.9 seconds (postoperatively). CONCLUSION Postoperative hyperperfusion injury after resection of cerebral AVMs can be explained on the basis of unconstrained arterial inflow into cortical areas, which are rendered hypoxic/ischemic by longstanding preoperative venous hypertension. The risk for postoperative breakthrough complications seems higher in the presence of multiple draining veins, which also participate in the physiological venous drainage system of the ipsilateral hemisphere.

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Túri, Norbert, János Rakonczai, and Csaba Bozán. "Condition Assessment of Subsurface Drained Areas and Investigation of their Operational Efficiency by Field Inspection and Remote Sensing Methods." Journal of Environmental Geography 14, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2021-0008.

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Abstract The extreme weather events highlight the need to develop action concepts to maintain agricultural production security in the future. Hydrological extremes can occur within a year in the form of surplus water (i.e. inland excess water), water scarcity or even drought. These adverse effects are influenced, inhibited and also facilitated by human activity. Previously, complex amelioration interventions, including subsurface drainage, aimed to improve the productivity of agricultural areas with unfavourable water management properties. The current efficiency of the subsurface drain networks in the regulation of groundwater level or soil moisture content can be questioned from several aspects. After the end of the socialist era (after 1990s), lack of maintenance and operation tasks have become typical, and are still a problem today in Hungary. Unfortunately, there is no exact national cadastre on the tile drained areas, and data is only available to a limited extent in the original amelioration plan documentations. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the possibilities of delineating the subsurface drained areas, and to develop a new method of condition assessment. Three tile drained study sites were selected on the Great Hungarian Plain in Central Europe. Our field investigations revealed the typical problems of the drained areas: (1) excessive vegetation of the receiving channels; (2) inadequate condition of the receiving main channel bed; (3) soil compaction in multiple layers above the drainage network; and (4) poor condition of outlets of the drain pipes. The developed methodology enabled us to evaluate the soil and the surface/subsurface water of the tile drained areas, and the technical condition of the drains. The necessary action plans or treatments were also outlined to replace the unused drain networks into use. Based on the scientific literature, we also sketched the target conditions and technological solutions that are required for the installation of new drains. The organization of the derived data into a GIS database could serve as a basis for the development of a cadastre of the tile drained areas based on a regional approach.

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Funakoshi, Yusuke, Taketo Hatano, Makoto Saka, Mitsushige Ando, Hideo Chihara, Wataru Takita, Keisuke Tokunaga, et al. "Dural and Pial Arteriovenous Fistulas Connected to the Same Drainer in the Middle Cranial Fossa: A Case Report." World Neurosurgery 118 (October 2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.214.

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Fujimori, Takeshi, Masamitsu Kawauchi, Satoshi Kuramoto, Atsushi Katsumata, Yasuhiro Ono, and Yuji Goda. "A Case of Trigeminal Neuralgia caused by Penetration of the Drainer of Venous Angioma and Compression of Trigeminal Nerve." Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 25, no. 3 (2016): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7887/jcns.25.246.

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Sadahiro, Hirokazu, Hisaharu Goto, Sadahiro Nomura, and Michiyasu Suzuki. "STMO-02 PREOPERATIVE FENCE-POST METHOD PLANNING WITH 3D-FUSION IMAGING." Neuro-Oncology Advances 1, Supplement_2 (December 2019): ii18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdz039.082.

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Abstract The fence-post method has been used for removal of intra-axial tumors. Preoperative detailed planning with only navigation work system is sometimes difficult to identify actual brain surface, small feeding artery and passing artery. Recently, 3-dementional imaging is well developed to integrate various anatomical findings. The purpose of this study is pursuit of perfect preoperative planning for removal intra-axial tumors with 3D-fusion imaging. From May 2017 to June 2019, 21 patients with intra-axial tumor were included. The software “AZE” was used to create 3D-fusion imaging. The brain tumor, brain surface and tractography were built from MRI, artery from digital angiography and vein from subtraction enhanced computed tomography. Then detailed preoperative planning was planned including how many fence-posts, procedure of cutting feeder, making sulcotomy or corticotomy, and finally cutting drainer. The average bleeding volume was 101±129cc, and there were no patients who had transfusion. All patients did not show additional neurological impairment after surgery. Detailed and perfect preoperative planning with 3D-sufion imaging should be effective for secure neurosurgery.

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Redjeki, Sri, Lilik Maslukah, Ria Azizah T.N., Retno Hartati, and Ita Riniatsih. "Diversifikasi Jamang (Jajanan Mangrove) Dengan Modifikasi Peralatan Produksi." METANA 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/metana.v13i2.18015.

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Untuk menambah penghasilan keluarga, ibu-ibu rumah tangga khususnya di Kota Semarang telah berupaya berwirausaha berbagai makanan ringan, seperti kuping gajah, chistik, kue kecipir, dan pastel kering. UKM Kelompok ”Bina Citra Karya Wanita” pimpinan Ibu Mufidah dan UKM Kelompok ”Bina Karya Sejahtera” pimpinan Ibu Sudartik merupakan kelompok produsen jajanan yang berasal bahan alternatif dari buah mangrove. Namun demikian, mengingat peralatan yang digunakan untuk produksi roti kering masih sangat konvensional, sehingga kualitas maupun kuantitas roti relatif masih rendah. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan sentuhan teknologi untuk proses produksi berupa peralatan pembuat cheesestick, peniris minyak, mixer, dan prosedur operasi pembuatan jajanan berbahan dasar mangrove sehingga dihasilkan kue atau roti kering yang mempunyai tekstur baik, warna menarik, enak, dan renyah. Dari permasalah diatas maka targetnya adalah desain perbaikan peralatan proses produksi Jamang (Jajan Mangrove). Setelah memakai alat pengaduk mekanis, produksi menjadi 7 kg per hari, setelah mengunakan mesin pembuat cheestick produksi menjadi lebih cepat yaitu 15 menit dan setelah menggunakan peniris minyak meningkatkan kualitas dari hasil jajanan mangrove dan menjadi lebih bersih. Pelaksanaan penerapan IPTEKS bagi masyarakat meningkatkan kapasitas pengetahuan Kelompok UKM Bina Citra Karya Wanita dan UKM Bina Karya Sejahtera di Desa Mangunharjo dan Mangkang Wetan Diversified Jamang (Jajan Mangrove) With Production Equipment Modification To increase the family's income, housewives, especially in the city of Semarang has sought to entrepreneurship on variety of snacks, such as kuping gajah, cheesestick, kue kecipir and pastel kering. SME Group "Bina Citra Karya Wanita" lead by Mrs Mufidah and SME Group "Bina Karya Sejahtera" lead by Mrs. Sudartik are snack producer groups based on mangrove flour. However, considering the equipment used for the production of mangrove flour is still very conventional, so that the quality and quantity of product is still relatively low. Therefore, the necessary to give simple technology on their the production process in the form of equipment cheesestick makers, oil drainer, mixer, and the operating procedures of making snacks made from mangrove so that the resulting dry cake or bread that has a good texture, color attractive, tasty and crunchy. From the problems above, the target is the improvement of production process equipment design mangrove based snack (Jajanan Mangrove). After using a mechanical stirrer, production increase to 7 kg per day, after using the machine becomes faster production cheestick ie 15 minutes and after using the oil drainer improve the quality of the results of mangrove snacks and become cleaner. Implementation of the application of science and technology for increasing the capacity of the knowledge of SME Bina Citra Karya Wanita and SME Bina Karya Sejahtera at village of Mangunharjo and Mangkang Wetan, Semarang.

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Morozov, V. V., O. V. Morozov, and Y. V. Kozlenko. "Hydrodynamic model of the formation of horizontal drainage runoff on drainless and slightly drained irrigated lands in the dry steppe zone of Ukraine." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202101-284.

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The article presents the results of the research, which are the basis of making a hydrodynamic model of the formation of drainage runoff of closed horizontal drainage on drainless and slightly drained irrigated lands in the dry steppe zone of Ukraine. The relevance of the research is in their need when designing the systems of horizontal drainage, determining drain spacing, modes of operation and the evaluation of drainage efficiency during its operation when irrigating with the use of modern sprinklers from a closed farm network. The objective of the research is to develop a generalized hydrodynamic model of formation of closed horizontal drainage runoff when irrigating from a closed farm network on drainless and slightly drained lands, which are typical for the watershed plains and coastal lowlands of the dry steppe zone of Ukraine. The task of the research to determine the basic conditions and factors of formation of horizontal drainage runoff, to specify the structure of groundwater inflow to the drains when having optimal drain spacing in the closed farm network and to define the prospects and areas of further research. Research methods and techniques: long-term (1975-2020) field experiments on drained areas with different drain spacing in typical hydrogeological conditions for watersheds and coastal lowlands; water balance studies; theoretical research methods (analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, zoning); to determine the structure of groundwater inflow to the drains, the method of electrohydrodynamic analogies when using the laboratory integrator EGDA 9/60 was applied. As a result of the research it was determined that in the conditions of a closed water farm network it is possible to increase drain spacing from 120-220 m to 240-400 m. When studying all the conditions of drainless and slightly drained watershed plains and coastal lowlands, the main sources forming the regime of groundwater and drainage runoff are the precipitation of 420 mm or 55.0% of water input, irrigation water - 340 mm or 45.0%, including 266 mm or 35,0% from irrigation and 75 mm or 10,0% from filtration from the canals. The analysis of the hydrodynamic model of drainage runoff formation shows that when having drain spacing as 240-400 m, the inflow from the zone located above the bottom of the drain is 2.6-4.8% of the total inflow to the drain. The ascending flow under the bottom of the drain enters it at an average angle of 600 and in all variants of drain spacing is 95.2-97.2% of the total inflow. When drain spacing increases from 240 to 300-400 m, the horizontal inflow from the area located below the bottom of the drain decreases with a corresponding increase in the ascending flow under the bottom of the drain. The average width of the ascending flow to the drain at the edge of the active zone of groundwater (9.0-10.0 m below the drain) is 13.0-20.0 m. The resulting model complements the existing theoretical and methodological knowledge base for designing horizontal drainage and is necessary in perspective researches on the formation of expert systems for optimization of the parameters and modes of irrigation and drainage functioning when applying modern broadcast sprinkler equipment irrigating from the closed farm network.

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Vaičiukynas, Vilimantas, Saulius Vaikasas, Henrikas Sivilevičius, and Audrius Grinys. "The impact of agriculture drainage reconstruction on ground water recession close to the subgrade." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.29.

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Good drainage is the most important design consideration for a road, both to miniaturize road maintenance costs and maximize the time the road is operational. The lack of good drainage lead to the structural damages and costly repairs. Many of roads are built in intensively drained agricultural land. The effective way to drain subgrades is reconstruction of existing agricultural drainage. The impact of cross-subsurface drainage system on water level fluctuation was measured using Plane geofiltration mathematical model, one of 3D geofiltration modelling programs. The hydraulic permeability characteristics were determined in field of Pikeliai, close to local road in Kėdainiai district, Lithuania. This object is composed of clay and loamy soils. Subsurface cross drains trenches spacing of 20 m, 30 m and 40 m were simulated. The hydraulic permeability of cross drain trenches and lateral trenches modelled was from 0.006 m/a day to 6 m/a day. The simulation of cross drains trenches showed that the most effective distance between them are 20 m. The highest water depression occurs when the permeability of cross drain trenches and lateral trenches is ~ 6 m/day, at the distance of 20 m. The water recession is 20 cm lower compared to the drainage systems without cross drains trenches. By installing cross drains trenches every 30 m, water recession is 10 cm lower when the trench permeability is about 6 m/day. When increasing the distance between the cross drains up to 40 m their influence disappears.

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Zawistowski, Michał, Joanna Nowaczyk, and Piotr Domagała. "Prophylactic intra-abdominal drainage following kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Polish Journal of Surgery 93, no. 4 (June 9, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9166.

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Introduction: An ongoing debate concerns the need for routine placement of prophylactic intra-abdominal drains following kidney transplantation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether such an approach brings any advantages in the prevention of perirenal transplant fluid collection, surgical site infection, lymphocele, hematoma, urinoma, wound dehiscence, graft loss, and need for reoperation. Methods: We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of non-randomized studies of intervention comparing drained and drain-free adult renal graft recipients regarding perirenal transplant fluid collection and other wound complications. ROBINS-I tool and funnel plot asymmetry analysis were used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Five studies at moderate to critical risk of bias were included. A total of 2094 renal graft recipients were evaluated. Our analysis revealed no significant differences between drained and drain-free patients regarding perirenal transplant fluid collection (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-2.17; I2=72%), surgical site infection (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 0.11-24.88; I2=80%), lymphocele (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.02-15.27; I2=0%), hematoma (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.12-3.99; I2=71%), and wound dehiscence (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.21-2.70; I2=0%). There was insufficient data concerning urinoma, graft loss, and need for reoperation. Conclusions: The available evidence is weak. Our findings show that the use of intra-abdominal drains after kidney transplantation seems to have neither beneficial nor harmful effects on perirenal transplant fluid collection and other wound complications. The present study does not support the routine placement of surgical drains after kidney transplantation.

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Ballard, C. E., N. McIntyre, and H. S. Wheater. "Effects of peatland drainage management on peak flows." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 6, 2011): 6533–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-6533-2011.

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Abstract. Open ditch drainage has historically been a common land management practice in upland blanket peats, particularly in the UK. However, peatland drainage is now generally considered to have adverse effects on the upland environment, including increased peak flows. As a result, drain blocking has become a common management strategy in the UK over recent years, although there is only anecdotal evidence to suggest that this might decrease peak flows. The change in the hydrological regime associated with the drainage of blanket peat and the subsequent blocking of drains is poorly understood, therefore a new physics-based model has been developed that allows the exploration of the associated hydrological processes. A series of simulations is used to explore the response of intact, drained and blocked drain sites at field scales. While drainage is generally found to increase peak flows, the effect of drain blocking appears to be dependent on local conditions, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing peak flows. Based on insights from these simulations we propose guidelines for identifying those drains that would most greatly reduce peak flows if blocked.

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Yajima, Hirohisa, Yuki Shinya, Hirotaka Hasegawa, Masahiro Shin, Keisuke Ueki, Mariko Kawashima, Osamu Ishikawa, and Nobuhito Saito. "Peculiar Characteristics of Arteriovenous Malformations Arising in the Galenic Region." Diagnostics 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070481.

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Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are congenital vascular lesions fed by arterial feeders originating from branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or vertebrobasilar artery. We experienced unique AVMs arising in the midline Galenic region, receiving blood supply from the ICA/vertebral artery systems and the external carotid artery system. We retrospectively reviewed data on eight patients who had an AVM arising in the Galenic region and were treated in the University of Tokyo Hospital between 1990 and 2019. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Three cases (38%) presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueduct obstruction caused by an engorged vein of Galen. In all cases, feeders from dural arteries were present and the vein of Galen was the primary drainer. All patients underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Five patients were followed for > two years; nidus obliteration was confirmed in one, and > 75% shrinkage was confirmed in three, while one patient died due to hemorrhage. Altogether, AVMs arising in the Galenic region are rare and exhibit several peculiar characteristics including the presence of dural feeders, an older age at presentation and presentation with obstructive hydrocephalus.

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Al-jubouri, Muhanad. "BRIDGE SCOUR AND ROAD POTHOLES HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM AND THEIR DETECTION METHODS." Acta Tecnología 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/atec.v8i3.153.

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The Transport is among the most significant human activities on the planet. Better transportation allows for more trading and a wider distribution of people. Transportation infrastructure like bridges and roads significantly influences the environment and is the primary energy drainer, making transportation sustainability a key concern. This paper also analyses current bridge scour and road potholes detection equipment and methodologies and their effect on the transport system. In scouring regards, a particular emphasis on those uses the structure’s complex reaction to suggest the presence and severity of the scouring phenomena affecting the structure. A Sensitivity Analysis of a newly introduced monitoring system is also assumed. This report examines the similarities and differentials between the bridges scour detection methods and potholes methods. Our key aim is to minimize human effort in identifying road potholes and bridge scouring by using a quick, easy-to-use, cost-effective process, resulting in fewer injuries and economic savings. On the other hand, many initiatives have been taken to create a technology that can instantly identify and detect potholes, leading to improved survey reliability and pavement quality through prior inspection and prompt intervention.

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Hagen, Mark G., and George R. Cochran. "Comparison of Pavement Drainage Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1519, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196151900101.

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Pavement drainage systems have become a common addition to construction and reconstruction plans. Several types of transverse and longitudinal drains that vary in shape, size, and cost are often included in designs, although little is known about their performance. The drainage characteristics and pavement performance of four drainage systems under jointed portland cement concrete pavement are described and evaluated. Included are the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) standard dense-graded base, two dense-graded base sections incorporating tranverse drains placed under the transverse joints, and permeable asphalt-stabilized base—a design that reflects current Mn/DOT drainable-base thinking. All sections contain longitudinal edge drains. Experiment variables include drainage flows, percent of rainfall drained, time to drain, base and subgrade moisture content, and pavement and joint durability. Two primary conclusions were reached. First, although all systems appear capable of removing drainable water from the pavement base, the permeable asphalt-stabilized base usually drained the most water within 2 hr after rainfall ended, while providing the driest pavement foundation and the least early pavement distress. Second, sealing the longitudinal and transverse joints temporarily reduced all rain inflow. After about 2 wk inflow resumed, although the joint sealants appeared to be intact.

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Ballard, C. E., N. McIntyre, and H. S. Wheater. "Effects of peatland drainage management on peak flows." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 24, 2012): 2299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2299-2012.

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Abstract. Open ditch drainage has historically been a common land management practice in upland blanket peats, particularly in the UK. However, peatland drainage is now generally considered to have adverse effects on the upland environment, including increased peak flows. As a result, drain blocking has become a common management strategy in the UK over recent years, although there is only anecdotal evidence to suggest that this might decrease peak flows. The change in the hydrological regime associated with the drainage of blanket peat and the subsequent blocking of drains is poorly understood, therefore a new physics-based model has been developed that allows the exploration of the associated hydrological processes. A series of simulations is used to explore the response of intact, drained and blocked drain sites at field scales. While drainage is generally found to increase peak flows, the effect of drain blocking appears to be dependent on local conditions, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing peak flows. Based on insights from these simulations we identify steep smooth drains as those that would experience the greatest reduction in field-scale peak flows if blocked and recommend that future targeted field studies should be focused on examining surface runoff characteristics.

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Pontre, Jennifer, Julia Harding, Paola Chivers, Leah Loughlin, Yee Leung, Stuart G. Salfinger, Jason Tan, Ganendra R. Mohan, and Paul A. Cohen. "Do Groin Drains Reduce Postoperative Morbidity in Women Undergoing Inguinofemoral Lymphadenectomy for Vulvar Cancer?" International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 28, no. 1 (January 2018): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000001146.

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ObjectiveSentinel lymph node biopsy has been widely adopted in the surgical management of women with early-stage vulvar cancer, but many patients require inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL). Following IFL, many surgeons drain the groin to prevent lymphocyst formation despite a lack of evidence to support this practice. Our objective was to investigate whether groin drains after IFL are associated with reduced postoperative morbidity in women undergoing surgery for vulvar cancer.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of women diagnosed as having primary vulvar cancer who underwent vulvectomy/radical local excision and unilateral or bilateral IFL was conducted. Cases were ascertained from the weekly outcome reports of a statewide tertiary gynecologic oncology tumor board. Data including postoperative outcomes were abstracted from medical records. Patients were stratified into 1 of 2 groups according to whether a groin drain had been used.ResultsSeventy-one patients were included. Inguinal drains were used in 48 patients (67.6%) and 23 patients (32.4%) did not have their groin wound(s) drained. The most common postoperative complications recorded were wound infection (59.2%), groin lymphocyst (32.4%), and cellulitis (25.4%). The mean length of hospital admission was 11.5 days (2–40 days). Compared with patients in whom inguinal drains were placed, those in the “no drain” group had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative groin cellulitis (8.7% vs 25.4% P = 0.039). No significant differences were observed between patients in the “drain” and “no drain” groups in lymphocyst formation, wound infection, return to the operating room, duration of hospital stay, readmission post-discharge, and lower-limb lymphedema.ConclusionsIn this study of patients undergoing inguinofemoral dissection for primary vulvar cancer, postoperative cellulitis occurred less frequently in patients without an inguinal drain. The incidence of other postoperative complications was no different whether or not a groin drain was used. Prospective studies may be warranted.

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Watanabe, K., T. Kinkori, T. Takagi, T. Inoue, and M. Takayasu. "A Case of Posterior Fossa Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Successfully Treated with Transarterial Embolization." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 8, no. 6 (December 1995): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099500800632.

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A 40-year-old man was transferred to our hospital due to sudden headache while swimming in the pool. CT revealed cerebellar haematoma within vermis associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with venous pouch on the surface of cerebellar vermis. Fistulas were on the meningeal surface near the sinus confluence. Draining veins formed venous pouch invaginating into cerebellar vermis. Transarterial embolization (TAE) was performed under the concept that main feeder should be embolized last to occlude the DAVFs completely. Post-embolization 3D-CT showed the cast of N-butyl –cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in the fistulas as well as in the drainer. The good order of occlusion made the embolization complete. We reported a case of DAVFs that has successfully treated with TAE. The key components of success in TAE are to know the precise anatomy of individual lesion and dangerous anastomoses. Also the awareness of the possible alteration in appearance of the DAVFs during treatment is essential. In practice it is crucial to make a decision of the order of embolization before procedure. More specifically we have to decide in advance which feeder should be embolized last. 3D-CT is a good tool for the post treatment assessment of NBCA distribution in the DAVFs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Drainer'

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