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Journal articles on the topic 'Drainage systems'
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1
Fay, Margaret F. "Drainage Systems." AORN Journal 46, no. 3 (September 1987): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)66456-4.
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Krutov, Denis A. "Repairing earth dam drainage systems." Vestnik MGSU, no. 7 (July 2019): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.7.901-911.
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Introduction: when reconstructing or overhauling dams, great attention should be paid to drainage systems as the most critical components of the installations. The article describes the typical malfunctions of earth dam pipe drainages. The research considers geological and hydrogeological features that were not taken into account when developing projects.
Materials and methods: control and measuring instrumentation (piezometer network), full-scale experiments on disabling pipe drainage and mathematical modelling were used as the filtration regime research methods.
Results: analysis of the hydrogeological features of the base of the right-bank floodplain dam of the Nizhegorodskaya hydroelectric power plant and field filtration observations revealed a strong drainage effect of the base on the filtration flow at several areas of the dam body. At the other areas, a high groundwater level position at the dam downstream and its outlet into the pipe drainage at the downstream were recorded. Substantiated by filtration calculations, the proposed repair of the drainage system consisted in designing open drainage along the dam axis and backfilling the territory at the downstream by 2.0 m that excludes impoundment of the territory without the pipe drainage.
Conclusions: the following engineering solutions can be recommended for repairing earth dam drainage systems: construction of backfill drainage trenches in the dam downstream, new pipe drainage at higher elevations or an open drainage channel in solid reinforced concrete arranged along the axis of the dam. The proposed version of the pipe drainage repair provides for constructing an open drainage channel in solid reinforced concrete on a reverse filter with an arrangement of gravel-filled asbestos-cement pipes in the dam slopes and bottom. Such a design solution allows repairing the drainage system without dewatering and, if necessary, completely refusing the existing pipe drainage.
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Hagen, Mark G., and George R. Cochran. "Comparison of Pavement Drainage Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1519, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196151900101.
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Pavement drainage systems have become a common addition to construction and reconstruction plans. Several types of transverse and longitudinal drains that vary in shape, size, and cost are often included in designs, although little is known about their performance. The drainage characteristics and pavement performance of four drainage systems under jointed portland cement concrete pavement are described and evaluated. Included are the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) standard dense-graded base, two dense-graded base sections incorporating tranverse drains placed under the transverse joints, and permeable asphalt-stabilized base—a design that reflects current Mn/DOT drainable-base thinking. All sections contain longitudinal edge drains. Experiment variables include drainage flows, percent of rainfall drained, time to drain, base and subgrade moisture content, and pavement and joint durability. Two primary conclusions were reached. First, although all systems appear capable of removing drainable water from the pavement base, the permeable asphalt-stabilized base usually drained the most water within 2 hr after rainfall ended, while providing the driest pavement foundation and the least early pavement distress. Second, sealing the longitudinal and transverse joints temporarily reduced all rain inflow. After about 2 wk inflow resumed, although the joint sealants appeared to be intact.
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Scholz, Miklas. "Sustainable Drainage Systems." Water 7, no. 12 (May 15, 2015): 2272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w7052272.
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KAM, A. C., M. O'BRIEN, and P. C. A. KAM. "Pleural drainage systems." Anaesthesia 48, no. 2 (February 22, 2007): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06859.x.
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Chu, Xuanxuan, Ivan Campos-Guereta, Andrew Dawson, and Nick Thom. "Sustainable pavement drainage systems: Subgrade moisture, subsurface drainage methods and drainage effectiveness." Construction and Building Materials 364 (January 2023): 129950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129950.
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Strzelecki, Michał. "Numerical Three-Dimensional Model of Airport Terminal Drainage System." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2014-0013.
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Abstract During the construction of an airport terminal it was found that as a result of the hydrostatic pressure of underground water the foundation plate of the building had dangerously shifted in the direction opposite to that of the gravitational forces. The only effective measure was to introduce a drainage system on the site. The complex geology of the area indicated that two independent drainage systems, i.e., a horizontal system in the Quaternary beds and a vertical system in the Tertiary water-bearing levels, were necessary. This paper presents numerical FEM calculations of the two drainage systems being part of the airport terminal drainaged esign. The computer simulation which was carried out took into consideration the actual effect of the drainage systems and their impact on the depression cone being formed in the two aquifers.
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Cooke, R. A., S. Badiger, and A. M. Garcı́a. "Drainage equations for random and irregular tile drainage systems." Agricultural Water Management 48, no. 3 (June 2001): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3774(00)00136-0.
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Dierickx, W. "Land drainage. Planning and design of agricultural drainage systems." Agricultural Water Management 10, no. 2 (September 1985): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(85)90006-x.
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Parsons, J. E., R. W. Skaggs, and C. W. Doty. "Simulation of controlled drainage in open-ditch drainage systems." Agricultural Water Management 18, no. 4 (November 1990): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(90)90013-o.
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Benn, Douglas, Jason Gulley, Adrian Luckman, Artur Adamek, and Piotr S. Glowacki. "Englacial drainage systems formed by hydrologically driven crevasse propagation." Journal of Glaciology 55, no. 191 (2009): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214309788816669.
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AbstractRecent work has shown that surface-to-bed drainage systems re-form annually on parts of the Greenland ice sheet and some High Arctic glaciers, leading to speed-up events soon after the onset of summer melt. Surface observations and geophysical data indicate that such systems form by hydrologically driven fracture propagation (herein referred to as ‘hydrofracturing’), although little is known about their characteristics. Using speleological techniques, we have explored and surveyed englacial drainage systems formed by hydrofracturing in glaciers in Svalbard, Nepal and Alaska. In Hansbreen, Svalbard, vertical shafts were followed through ∼60 m of cold ice and ∼10 m of temperate basal ice to a subglacial conduit. Deep hydrofracturing occurred at this site due to a combination of extensional ice flow and abundant surface meltwater at a glacier confluence. The englacial drainage systems in Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, and Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, USA, formed in areas of longitudinal compression and transverse extension and consist of vertical slots that plunge down-glacier at angles of 55° or less. The occurrence of englacial drainages initiated by hydrofracturing in diverse glaciological regimes suggests that it is a very widespread process, and that surface-to-bed drainage can occur wherever high meltwater supply coincides with ice subjected to sufficiently large tensile stresses.
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Paydar, Zahra, Neil Huth, Anthony Ringrose-Voase, Rick Young, Tony Bernardi, Brian Keating, and Hamish Cresswell. "Deep drainage and land use systems. Model verification and systems comparison." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 9 (2005): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04303.
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Deep drainage or drainage below the bottom of the profile usually occurs when rain infiltrates moist soil with insufficient capacity to store the additional water. This drainage is believed to be contributing to watertable rise and salinity in some parts of the Liverpool Plains catchment in northern New South Wales. The effect of land use on deep drainage was investigated by comparing the traditional long fallow system with more intense ‘opportunity cropping’. Long fallowing (2 crops in 3 years) is used to store rainfall in the soil profile but risks substantial deep drainage. Opportunity cropping seeks to lessen this risk by sowing whenever there is sufficient soil moisture. Elements of the water balance and productivity were measured under various farming systems in a field experiment for 4 years in the southern part of the catchment. The experimental results were used to verify APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) by comparing them with predictions of production, water storage, and runoff. The verification procedure also involved local farmers and agronomists who assessed the credibility of the predictions and suggested modifications. APSIM provided a realistic simulation of common farming systems in the region and could capture the main hydrological and biological processes. APSIM was then used for long-term (41 years) simulations to predict deep drainage under different systems and extrapolate experimental results. The results showed large differences between agricultural systems mostly because differences in evapotranspiration contributed to differences in profile moisture when it rained. The model predicted that traditional long fallow farming systems (2 crops in 3 years) are quite ‘leaky’, with average annual deep drainage of 34 mm. However, by planting crops in response to the depth of moist soil (opportunity or response cropping), APSIM predicted a much smaller annual drainage rate of 6 mm. Opportunity cropping resulted in overall greater water use and increased production compared with long fallowing. Furthermore, modelling indicated that average annual deep drainage under continuous sorghum (3 mm) is much less than under either long fallow cropping or continuous wheat (39 mm), demonstrating the importance of including summer cropping, as well as increasing cropping frequency, to reducing deep drainage.
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Alexandra Georgiana, Ioan, Iancu Iulian, and Anton Anton. "Modelling Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems." Revista Romana de Inginerie Civila/Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37789/rjce.2022.13.2.1.
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McLOUGHLIN, J., N. FARAH, and GORDON WILLIAMS. "Comparison of Nephrostomy Drainage Systems." British Journal of Urology 72, no. 6 (December 1993): 841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb16283.x.
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Nascimento, N., V. Cançado, and J. R. Cabral. "Taxing for stormwater drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 9 (November 1, 2005): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0331.
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This article evaluates the possibility of creating a tax for urban drainage in order to make the system self-financing. Average costs of implementation and maintenance of the services were used to individualize the charges and definition of the tax. The conventional drainage system was evaluated along with a source control alternative, water detention in tanks on the lot. The magnitude of the values being charged varies in function of the impermeable surface and the density of the urban area. Preserving creeks in natural conditions and using source control approach, are all options with the advantages of lower investment and smaller burden for the users.
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Moore, NJ, and GF Moran. "Microgeographical Patterns of Allozyme Variation in Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq Within and Between the Murrumbidgee and Coastal Drainage Systems." Australian Journal of Botany 37, no. 2 (1989): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9890181.
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Within the Murrumbidgee drainage system, 100 seedlings from each of 14 populations of Casuarina cunninghamiana were assayed for their allozyme genotypes at 14 loci. The levels of genetic variation were fairly similar in all populations. There was no geographic clustering of populations based on genetic distance measures. Only 3.8% of the total genetic diversity could be apportioned among populations within the drainage system. In six additional populations, branchlets from 50 trees per population were assayed for their allozyme genotypes at 27 loci. Three populations were from the Murrumbidgee drainage system and each of the others from a different coastal drainage. The mean expected heterozygosities for coastal and inland zones were 0.139 and 0.093 respectively. Of the total genetic diversity 10.7% could be apportioned among the four drainages. The results of this study suggest that for in situ conservtion of C. cunninghamiana within a region, more emphasis should be placed on conserving one large population from each major drainage system rather than a number of populations within one or two drainage systems.
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Vallianatos, Filippos, and Maria Kouli. "Evidence of Hierarchy in the Drainage Basins Size Distribution of Greece Derived from ASTER GDEM-v2 Data." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010248.
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The drainage basins of Greece are analyzed in terms of hierarchy and discussed in view of Tsallis Entropy. This concept has been successfully used in a variety of complex systems, where fractality, memory and long-range interactions are dominant. The analysis indicates that the statistical distribution of drainage basins’ area in Greece, presents a hierarchical pattern that can be viewed within the frame of non-extensive statistical physics. Our work was based on the analysis of the ASTER GDEM v2 Digital Elevation Model of Greece, which offers a 30 m resolution, creating an accurate drainage basins’ database. Analyzing the drainage size (e.g., drainage basin area)-frequency distribution we discuss the connection of the observed power law exponents with the Tsallis entropic parameters, demonstrating the hierarchy observed in drainage areas for the set created for all over Greece and the subsets of drainages in the internal and external Hellenides that are the main tectonic structures in Greece. Furthermore, we discuss in terms of Tsallis entropy, the hierarchical patterns observed when the drainages are classified according to their relief or the Topographic Position Index (TPI). The deviation of distribution from power law for large drainages area is discussed.
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Cyr, Robert Y., and Paul Chiasson. "Modeling subsoil drainage systems for urban roadways." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-048.
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Water infiltration and seepage in a roadway infrastructure is modeled from a cross section design of a residential street used by the City of Moncton (Department of Engineering). Field hydraulic conductivity measurements necessary for the modeling are also presented. Benefits of having a subsoil drainage systems (perforated drainage pipe and drainage mat) are well demonstrated. Some drainage problems caused by insufficient hydraulic conductivity, segregation, and limits on gradation curves for the gravel base foundation, as specified by the City of Moncton, are also discussed.Key words: roadway design, subsoil drainage, seepage modeling, field permeability measurements.
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Dekhtyar, O. O., I. V. Voitovich, S. V. Usatyi, G. V. Voropai, N. D. Briuzghina, and Y. V. Shevchuk. "HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT, PROSPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION, RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF RECLAMATION SYSTEMS." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg201902-203.
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Purpose of research. To analyze the basic tendencies and prospects of the development of construction, reconstruction and restoration of irrigation and drainage systems in Ukraine and to outline the main areas of researches and achievements of Reclamation Department of the Institute on the issues of reliable and effective functioning of water management and reclamation complex.
Research Method - Analytical, Statistical.
Study results and main findings. The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage sector in Ukraine in the context of climate change and emphasizes its decisive role in obtaining stable and predictable crop yiels, increasing land productivity and further developing agricultural production. The history of development and the nascent stages of the scientific departments of the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation (now the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) dealt with the issues of water management construction, operation, maintenance, repair and restoration of the engineering infrastructure of irrigation and drainage systems, sprinkling equipment, hydraulic structures and equipment were considered. The results of multi-year researches, main areas of scientific activity, developments and achievements of the specialists of the departments of irrigation and drainages, operation of water management and drainage systems, drainage and irrigation reclamation of the Institute on the issues of reliable and efficient functioning of water and land reclamation complex were systematized. Technical and technological basis for improving the infrastructure of irrigation and drainage systems were justified and the ways of solving the existing problems were proposed. It was noted that at present, given climate change and management conditions, increasing productivity and sustainability of agriculture requires searching for new scientific, methodological, technical and technological approaches to the restoration and further development of irrigation and drainage.
Prospects. At the same time, reforming the management of the water sector supported by an appropriate legislative framework and the active involvement of water users in management processes is a prerequisite. The necessity of implementing the provisions and measures proposed in the “Irrigation and Drainage Strategy of Ukraine for the Period until 2030”, prepared with the participation of the specialists from IWPLR NAAS, was emphasized, which will contribute to the effective use of irrigation and drainage systems potential to increase the agricultural production in the conditions of climate change.
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Progulny, Victor, and Igor Grachov. "Theoretical and experimental study of mud injection porous drainage in filters with floating loading." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180410145724.
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The paper discusses up-flow filters with floating loading that intensify the process of filtering water for drinking purposes by improving filtering parameters and reducing power consumption. It is established that the problematic part of such filters are drainage systems. As a result of the analysis of drainage systems, it was found that the most promising material is porous polymer concrete. The proposed construction of drains is based on porous polymer concrete, which increases the reliability and durability of the filters with floating loading. The drainages based on porous polymer concrete, which intensify reliability and working life of filters, are offered. Mathematical model of the mud injection process of lower polymer concrete drainage with suspended matters, kept in damp water is designed. Experimental studies have shown the validity of the obtained model.
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Fucik, David, and Jan Rucka. "REVIEW OF SIPHONIC ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS." MM Science Journal 2019, no. 5 (December 11, 2019): 3683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2019_12_2019156.
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Marsalek, J., T. O. Barnwell, W. Geiger, M. Grottker, W. C. Huber, A. J. Saul, W. Schilling, and H. C. Torno. "Urban Drainage Systems: Design and Operation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 12 (June 1, 1993): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0291.
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Design and operation of urban drainage systems are addressed in the context of the urban water system comprising drainage, sewage treatment plants and receiving waters. The planning and design of storm sewers are reviewed with reference to planning objectives, design objectives, flows and pollutant loads, sewer system structures and urban runoff control and treatment. The discussion of combined sewers focuses on hydraulic design of combined sewer systems, including combined sewer overflow (CSO) structures, and the use of CSO structures and storage in control of CSOs. The section on operation of sewer systems focuses on real time control, its feasibility, planning, design, operation and applications. Sewer system planning and design are generally conducted using computer modelling tools and procedures which are reviewed in the last section. A brief listing of selected models focuses on internationally used models. Finally, it was concluded that further improvements in environmental and ecological protection of urban waters is feasible only by consideration of urban drainage systems in conjunctions with sewage treatment and water quality in the receiving waters.
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Gupta, Kapil. "The drainage systems of India's cities." Waterlines 23, no. 4 (April 2005): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2005.022.
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Hubert, Jonathan, Thomas Edwards, and Ali Bahadori Jahromi. "Comparative study of sustainable drainage systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 166, no. 3 (June 2013): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ensu.11.00029.
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Abduraimova, Dilbar, Makhsud Otaxonov, Elza Tursunova, Davron Allayorov, and Sarvar Melikuziyev. "Deformation in open collector drainage systems." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302032.
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The article evaluates the hydraulic processes in the collectors which constructed in irrigated fields. Illuminated the washing processes under the influence of the flow velocity in the collector bed. In order to study the washing processes in the collector basin, are covered the results of research conducted in the self-washing collector in natural field conditions. Collector 2-K-4 in Khavas district of Syrdarya region was selected as the object of research. Given cases of changes in the project parameters as a result of washing processes in the core of the collector. Were selected 5 sections in the collector and hydraulic parameters were studied. was evaluated the effect of hydraulic processes on the collector core. The studied sections show cases of change of design parameters under the influence of hydraulic processes. Soil samples were taken from the reservoir and the mechanical composition was determined under laboratory conditions. Based on the laboratory and natural field conditions results, a special graph was developed for the design of collectors on the basis of non-washable speed.
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Aranda, José Ángel, Carles Beneyto, Martí Sánchez-Juny, and Ernest Bladé. "Efficient Design of Road Drainage Systems." Water 13, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121661.
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Excess surface water on roadways due to storm events can cause hazardous scenarios for traffic. The design of efficient road and transportation facility drainage systems is a major challenge. Different approaches to limit excess surface water can be found in the drainage design standards of different countries. This document presents a method based on hydraulic numerical simulation and the assessment of grate inlet efficiency using the Iber model. The method is suitable for application to design criteria according to the regulations of different countries. The presented method facilitates sensitivity analyses of the performance of different scupper dispositions through the total control of the hydraulic behavior of each of the grate inlets considered in each scenario. The detailed hydraulic information can be the basis of different solution comparisons to make better decisions and obtain solutions that maximize efficiency.
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Granata, Francesco. "Dropshaft cascades in urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 9 (February 1, 2016): 2052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.051.
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Dropshaft cascades are typical elements of sewer systems in steep urban catchment basins. The design of a dropshaft cascade, which is generally addressed as an optimization problem, also needs to consider the subsequent effects induced on the flow by the different elements of the cascade. Experimental research has been performed at the hydraulic engineering laboratory of the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio in order to investigate the basic flow patterns in a dropshaft cascade, with particular reference to energy dissipation and air entrainment. This research has shown that, regarding these aspects, a dropshaft cascade proved to be a more efficient solution of the single drop manhole with the same total drop height.
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Daleiden, Jerome F., and Laurence L. Peirce. "Subsurface Drainage Systems in Roadway Construction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1596, no. 1 (January 1997): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1596-09.
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The installation of subsurface drainage systems has been a common practice in roadway construction for many years. Until recently, however, the ability to inspect and report on the condition of these systems once they are in place has been limited. The use of a high-tech, closed-circuit video monitoring system for the inspection of subsurface drainage systems has been developed and utilized with a high degree of success. The use of this system is beneficial for maintenance and rehabilitation of existing systems and as a quality control measure for new highway systems. In an ongoing project for FHWA, video monitoring has identified crushed mainline drainage pipes in new systems that have yet to be open to traffic. All of the components of this monitoring system can be easily operated by one person in the field. Substantial cost savings can be realized by accurately identifying the specific areas that need repair rather than assuming that an entire system needs to be replaced in highway rehabilitation projects. Results from use of this new technology to date are presented here.
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Roe, Brenda H., Fiona J. Reid, and J. C. Brocklehurst. "Comparison of four urine drainage systems." Journal of Advanced Nursing 13, no. 3 (May 1988): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01432.x.
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Guo, Qizhong, and Charles C. S. Song. "Surging in Urban Storm Drainage Systems." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 116, no. 12 (December 1990): 1523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1990)116:12(1523).
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Murrells, Paul. "Liability for advising on drainage systems." Structural Survey 7, no. 1 (January 1989): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006296.
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Czosnyka, Marek, Zofia H. Czosnyka, Hugh K. Richards, and John D. Pickard. "Hydrodynamic Properties of Extraventricular Drainage Systems." Neurosurgery 52, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000049956.11888.6d.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE Extraventricular drains (EVDs) are intended to control intracranial pressure for patients with acute disorders of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation. We tested five commercially available EVDs to assess their fundamental hydrodynamic properties, which determine the quality of this control. METHODS The five most frequently used drainage systems were tested. The pressure responses to water flow from a computer-controlled infusion pump were studied in the rig constructed in the UK Shunt Evaluation Laboratory (Cambridge, England). EVDs were studied under normal conditions and after brief (20-s) contact of the vent located in the drip chamber with the test reagent. Pure water and water with 10% rat blood content were used for testing. RESULTS All of the tested EVDs demonstrated low hydrodynamic resistance [<3.5 mm Hg/(ml/min)], indicating their ability to control intracranial pressure. When the drip chamber vents were in brief contact with the reagent, the hydrodynamic properties of two models were unaffected. For the three other EVDs, blockage of the drip chamber was observed, leading to increases in the inlet pressure to more than 150 mm Hg. All three models that demonstrated obstruction have the same vent configuration, which allows cerebrospinal fluid to accumulate close to the filter when the drip chamber is held horizontally. This feature was confirmed to be the cause of the blockage. CONCLUSION In clinical practice, special care should be taken to avoid contact of the drip chamber vents with cerebrospinal fluid, which causes obstruction and may lead to the development of gross intracranial hypertension. Specific configurations, as identified in this testing program, are safer than others in this respect.
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Campbell, D. "Detergents in drainage systems for buildings." Water Research 35, no. 4 (March 2001): 1086–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00355-9.
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Van Bakel, P. J. T. "Using drainage systems for supplementary irrigation." Irrigation and Drainage Systems 2, no. 2 (June 1988): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01102922.
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Schalamon, Johannes, Thomas Petnehazy, Herwig Ainoedhofer, Christoph Castellani, Holger Till, and Georg Singer. "Experimental comparison of abdominal drainage systems." American Journal of Surgery 213, no. 6 (June 2017): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.09.043.
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Tangen, Brian A., and Mark T. Wiltermuth. "Prairie Pothole Region Wetlands and Subsurface Drainage Systems: Key Factors for Determining Drainage Setback Distances." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092017-jfwm-076.
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Abstract Use of agricultural subsurface drainage systems in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America continues to increase, prompting concerns over potential negative effects to the Region's vital wetlands. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service protects a large number of wetlands through conservation easements that often utilize standard lateral setback distances to provide buffers between wetlands and drainage systems. Because of a lack of information pertaining to the efficacy of these setback distances for protecting wetlands, information is required to support the decision making for placement of subsurface drainage systems adjacent to wetlands. We used qualitative graphical analyses and data comparisons to identify characteristics of subsurface drainage systems and wetland catchments that could be considered when assessing setback distances. We also compared setback distances with catchment slope lengths to determine if they typically exclude drainage systems from the catchment. We demonstrated that depth of a subsurface drainage system is a key factor for determining drainage setback distances. Drainage systems located closer to the surface (shallow) typically could be associated with shorter lateral setback distances compared with deeper systems. Subsurface drainage systems would be allowed within a wetland's catchment for 44–59% of catchments associated with wetland conservation easements in North Dakota. More specifically, results suggest that drainage setback distances generally would exclude drainage systems from catchments of the smaller wetlands that typically have shorter slopes in the adjacent upland contributing area. For larger wetlands, however, considerable areas of the catchment would be vulnerable to drainage that may affect wetland hydrology. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service easements are associated with > 2,000 km2 of wetlands in North Dakota, demonstrating great potential to protect these systems from drainage depending on policies for installing subsurface drainage systems on these lands. The length of slope of individual catchments and depth of subsurface drainage systems could be considered when prescribing drainage setback distances and assessing potential effects to wetland hydrology. Moreover, because of uncertainties associated with the efficacy of standard drainage setback distances, exclusion of subsurface drainage systems from wetland catchments would be ideal when the goal is to protect wetlands.
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Ruzzante, Daniel E., Annie P. Simons, Gregory R. McCracken, Evelyn Habit, and Sandra J. Walde. "Multiple drainage reversal episodes and glacial refugia in a Patagonian fish revealed by sequenced microsatellites." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (June 3, 2020): 20200468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0468.
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The rise of the southern Andes and the Quaternary glacial cycles influenced the landscape of Patagonia, affecting the phylogeographic and biogeographic patterns of its flora and fauna. Here, we examine the phylogeography of the freshwater fish, Percichthys trucha, using 53 sequenced microsatellite DNA markers . Fish ( n = 835) were collected from 16 river systems (46 locations) spanning the species range on both sides of the Andes. Eleven watersheds drain to the Pacific, five of which are trans-Andean (headwaters east of Andes). The remaining five drainages empty into the Atlantic. Three analytical approaches (neighbour-joining tree, hierarchical AMOVAs, S tructure ) revealed evidence of historic drainage reversals: fish from four of the five trans-Andean systems (Puelo, Futalaufquen/Yelcho, Baker, Pascua) exhibited greater genetic similarity with Atlantic draining systems than with Pacific systems with headwaters west of Andes. Present-day drainage (Pacific versus Atlantic) explained only 5% of total genetic variance, while ancestral drainage explained nearly 27% of total variance. Thus, the phylogeographic structure of P. trucha is consistent with episodes of drainage reversal in multiple systems and suggests a major role for deglaciation in the genetic and indeed the geographical distribution of P. trucha in Patagonia. The study emphasizes the significant role of historical processes in the current pattern of genetic diversity and differentiation in a fish from a southern temperate region.
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Sedyowati, Laksni, and Ery Suhartanto. "Kajian Pengaruh Sistem Drainase dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Eksisting pada Kawasan Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Malang (Suatu Upaya Pengendalian Genangan Di Daerah Perkotaan)." Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil 13, no. 1 (November 7, 2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jmts.v13i1.2544.
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Kajian Pengaruh Sistem Drainase dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Eksisting pada Kawasan Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Malang (Suatu Upaya Pengendalian Genangan Di Daerah Perkotaan)The Influence of Existing Drainege System Green Open Space to The Flooding in The Main Roads of Malang City (A Flooding Control Efforts In Urban Areas)Laksni Sedyowati1 & Ery Suhartanto21Program Doktor Teknik Sipil, Minat Sumberdaya Air, Universitas Brawijaya,2Jurusan Teknik Pengairan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas BrawijayaAlamat korespondensi : Alamat korespondensi : Jln. MT. Haryono, No 167 MalangEmail: 1)laksnisedyowati@gmail.comAbstractThe new paradigm of urban drainage system puts the city infrastructure based on the concept of environmentally sound drainage system or sustainable. It is necessary to retain the rain water in the area to enlarge the amount of water that infiltrate into the soil through natural or artificial recharge area. Research problem is how the influence of the existing drainage system and the green open space (RTH) to the runoff discharge. The study design is in the form of field observations and analytical activities: analysis of the characteristics of rain with a variety of 10-year historical data; land cover analysis and capacity of the existing green space; analysis of the capacity of the existing drainage system; analysis of the total runoff discharge and discharge runoff that are not controlled by the existing drainage system and RTH. The results showed that the total capacity of existing drainage systems and green space of 36,066 m3/sec. The amount of discharge that is not controlled on the time period of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year, respectively: 11.95 m3/s; 20.28 m3/s; 30.82 m3/s; 38.68 m3/s; 46.56 m3/s. Uncontrolled runoff discharge causing flooding on roads in the study area with the water level between 22-35 cm.Keywords: Sustainable Urban Drainage System, Green Open Space, Runoff DischargeAbstrakParadigma baru sistem drainase menempatkan drainase perkotaan sebagai prasarana kota yang dilandaskan pada konsep drainase yang berwawasan lingkungan atau berkelanjutan. Untuk itu perlu diupayakan agar air hujan yang jatuh ditahan terlebih dulu untuk memperbesar jumlah air yang meresap ke dalam tanah melalui daerah resapan alamiah maupun buatan. Permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh sistem drainase dan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) eksisting terhadap debit limpasan, sebagai dasar pengembangan RTH yang merupakan alternatif sistem drainase berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian berupa observasi lapangan dan analitik dengan tahapan kegiatan: analisis karakteristik hujan dengan berbagai kala ulang menggunakan data historis 10 tahun terakhir; analisis tutupan lahan dan kapasitas ruang terbuka hijau eksisting; analisis kapasitas sistem drainase eksisting; analisis debit limpasan total dan debit limpasan yang tidak dikendalikan oleh sistem drainase dan RTH eksisting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa apasitas total sistem drainase dan RTH eksisting sebesar 36,066 m3/detik. Besarnya debit yang tidak dikendalikan pada kala ulang 5 thn, 10 thn, 25 thn, 50 thn dan 100 thn berturut-turut sebesar 11,95 m3/dt; 20,28 m3/dt ; 30,82 m3/dt; 38,68 m3/dt; 46,56 m3/dt. Debit limpasan yang tidak terkendali menyebabkan terjadinya genangan di ruas jalan pada daerah studi dengan tinggi genangan antara 22 - 35 cm.Kata kunci: sistem drainase berkelanjutan, ruang terbuka hijau, debit limpasan
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Morais, Amanda Carina Coelho de, Maurício Medeiros Lemos, Vlaudimir Dias Marques, and César Orlando Peralta Bandeira. "Institutional protocol to standardize the chest drainage system management, from surgery to nursing care, at a regional hospital in northern Paraná." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 38, no. 2 (September 30, 2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v38i2.26972.
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The purpose of chest drainage is to allow lung re-expansion and the reestablishment of the subatmospheric pressure in the pleural space. Properly managing the drainage system minimizes procedure-related complications. This prospective observational study evaluated adult patients undergoing water-seal chest drainage, admitted to our hospital and accompanied by residents and tutors, aiming to check their care. One hundred chest drainages were monitored. The average age was 38.8 years old. The average drainage time was 6.7 days. Trauma was the prevalent cause (72%) for the indication of pleural drainage. The obstruction of the system occurred in 6% of the cases; 5% subcutaneous emphysema, 1% infection around the drain; 5% accidental dislodgement of the drain, and in 5% of the patients, there were some complications when removing the drain. Failures in chest drainage technique and management were present, and reflected in some complications that are inherent to the procedure, although it is known that there are intrinsic complications. This study aimed to assess the management of closed chest drainage systems and standardize the care provided in such procedure.
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Li, James, Robert Orland, and Tom Hogenbirk. "Environmental road and lot drainage designs: alternatives to the curb-gutter-sewer system." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-044.
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Traditionally, road and lot drainage systems have been designed to convey storm runoff away as quickly as possible to reduce localized ponding. This drainage concept, using curb-gutter-sewer systems, has led to downstream flooding, erosion, water-quality degradation, reduced groundwater recharge and stream baseflow, and aquatic habitat destruction. This paper examines the pros and cons of curb-gutter-sewer systems and qualitatively compares various forms of open ditch - swale drainage alternatives with the conventional curb-gutter-sewer drainage system. These open ditch - swale drainage alternatives not only provide drainage functions but also promote infiltration, trap sediments, and reduce flow velocity along the drainage path. Thus, they can reduce erosion, enhance runoff quality, and increase groundwater recharge. However, they usually require a wider right-of-way than the conventional curb-gutter-sewer systems and may not be suitable for sites with steep topography or erosive soils. For sites that are suitable for the application of these alternative drainage systems, their environment functions make them more attractive than the conventional curb-gutter-sewer system.Key words: drainage systems, storm water, curbs, gutters, sewers, ditches, swales.
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Lee, Yi-Ying, Po-Kuei Hsu, Chien-Sheng Huang, Yu-Chung Wu, and Han-Shui Hsu. "Complications after Chest Tube Removal and Reinterventions in Patients with Digital Drainage Systems." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 2092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122092.
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Introduction: Digital thoracic drainage systems are a new technology in minimally invasive thoracic surgery. However, the criteria for chest tube removal in digital thoracic drainage systems have never been evaluated. We aim to investigate the incidence and predictive factors of complications and reinterventions after drainage tube removal in patients with a digital drainage system. Method: Patients who received lung resection surgery and had their chest drainage tubes connected with a digital drainage system were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 497 patients were monitored with digital drainage systems after lung resection surgery. A total of 175 (35.2%) patients had air leak-related complications after drainage tube removals, whereas 25 patients (5.0%) required reintervention. We identified that chest drainage duration of five days was an optimal cut-off value in predicting air leak-related complications and reinterventions. In multiple logistic regression analysis, previous chest surgery history; small size (16 Fr.) drainage tubes; the presence of initial air leaks, defined as air leaks recorded by the digital drainage system immediately after operation; and duration of chest drainage ≥5 days were independent factors of air leak-related complications, whereas the presence of initial air leaks and duration of chest drainage ≥5 days were independent predictive factors of reintervention after drainage tube removal. Conclusion: Air leak-related complications and reinterventions after drainage tube removals happened in 35.2% and 5.0% of patients with digital thoracic drainage systems. The management of chest drainage tubes in patients with predictive factors, i.e., the presence of initial air leaks and duration of chest drainage of more than five days, should be treated with caution.
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Volk, L. R., O. V. Bezusyak, and P. P. Volk. "Improving the dimensioning of closed collecting and drainage network of drainage systems." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202101-269.
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Research relevance. Climatic changes determine the need to ensure a high productivity of drained lands through the use of appropriate adaptive measures for regulating and accumulating moisture in the soil. Therefore, the issue of changing approaches to the creation and operation of water reclamation facilities on drained lands gains relevance. Relevant are also changes in the methodology of projects for drainage systems construction and reconstruction and their optimal design solutions (type, design, systems parameters, and components of their technical elements) in the closed collecting and drainage network. In this case, the closed collecting and drainage network is a key element of the drainage system, which can operate in the drainage and soil moisture regime.
Aim of the study is to reveal new approaches to improving the methods of dimensioning the closed collecting and drainage network of drainage systems operating in the regime of drainage and soil moisture, based on justifying the relationship and considering the impact of network efficiency on the efficiency of water regulation on drained lands.
Research methods. The analysis and generalization of the existing researches and methods on justification of the type, design, and parameters of the closed collecting and drainage network in the regime of drainage and soil moisture of the drained lands is executed. Systems approach and systems analyses were used to determine the existence of a structural relationship between the operation regime of the closed collecting and drainage network and the water regime of the drained lands. In performing the theoretical research, methods of mathematical modeling of the hydrodynamic structure of turbulent flow in pressure pipes using Navier-Stokes differential equations were applied. To confirm the adequacy of the obtained analytical models, the methods of statistical processing of experimental research results by Nikuradze I., Shevelyov F.O., and Altshul A.D. were used.
Research findings and main conclusions. Thus, based on the performed theoretical and experimental research, we have proposed relatively new scientific positions in contrast to the semi-empirical theories for determining the hydrodynamic structure of the flow in the pressure pipe. This allows for dimensioning the entire hydrodynamic structure for all areas of the turbulent flow based on the application of the obtained universal equations. That is, we can construct a distribution profile of the total turbulent kinematic viscosity, averaged velocity, tangential stresses, and angular velocities of fluid particles.
Prospects. The presented approach will make it possible to determine the efficiency of flow in drainage pipes and in a closed collecting and drainage network. Also, this approach will further be helpful in improving the methods of designing and dimensioning technological and structural parameters of the network and ensuring the overall technical, technological, economic, and environmental efficiency of drainage systems.
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Siregar, R. I., N. Nursyamsi, I. Indrawan, R. A. Sembiring, R. Karolina, and R. A. Dewi. "Integrated systems of major drainage and minor drainage towards low impact development." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 801 (June 3, 2020): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/801/1/012021.
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Voropay, G. V. "Modern aspects of scientific support for the restoration of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202101-283.
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Modern aspects of scientific support for the restoration (reconstruction and modernization) of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine were determined, which were established based on the results of the analysis of the current state and features of drainage systems functioning. One of the priority areas is the development of a scientific justification of improving water supply for drainage systems. The most effective and economical technological method of increasing the water supply in reclaimed areas is the accumulation of local drainage runoff. Given the shortage of local drainage and surface runoff, increasing the water supply in reclaimed areas is provided by withdrawing and supplying to reclamation systems extra water volumes from existing reservoirs, rivers, ponds, lakes, located both within and beyond the systems. The current structure of agricultural use of drained lands in the humid zone is subject to both climate change and export market conditions. In agricultural production such crops as grain corn, sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans are cultivated. Changes in the use of drained land should be taken into account when justifying the reconstruction or modernization of drainage systems. This will enable to develop and implement a set of measures for technical re-equipment and reconstruction of drainage systems, introduce advanced resource-saving technology for growing economically attractive crops and ensure effective water regulation on drained land sin accordance with the requirements of agricultural production. The technical state of modern drainage systems in the humid zone is mainly characterized by two conditions: satisfactory, when the systems are under operation (operational) and can perform their functions keeping the design mode, and unsatisfactory, when the restoration of drainage systems is only possible provided modernization measures. Given climate change, the priority measures for the modernization of drainage systems should include work to expand their functionality to regulate soil water regime throughout the growing season. In view of the cost of modernization to expand the functionality of different types of systems (drainage, drainage and irrigation, polder and water circulation) by constructing irrigation systems on them is much lower compared to modernize them to drainage and irrigation ones when using sluice technology, preference should be given namely to the construction of irrigation systems.
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Nikitin, Andrey, and Olga Zaborskaya. "Effective engineering solutions for drainage systems in peat soils." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016401019.
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The article describes the feasibility of using a stone-free drainage system for water depression in peaty soils. The purpose of the research is to develop economical and technological engineering solutions for drainage in peat soils. A specimen of a stone-free drainage system, including a perforated corrugated pipe 150 mm in diameter and expanded polysterene pellets as aggregate, was studied in laboratory conditions. Geotextile filters were wrapped around both the aggregate and the drain pipe. The drainage system specimen was subjected to a load equivalent to that applied by 1 to 4 m of backfilling sand. The study established high deformability of the drain pipe and the pelletized expanded polysterene aggregate, as well as a considerable decrease in the aggregate water permeability. Тhe burial depth of a typical stone-free drainage system shall be limited by 2.5 m. The article shows that the presence of clogging particles in drain water may lead to a considerable decrease in permeability of geotextile filters on drain pipes. The proposed design of stone-free drainage system in peaty soils ensures lower material consumption, cost, and workload. To reduce deformations of stone-free drainage system structural components, pipes and aggregate of non-yielding (stiff) materials shall be used.
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Harel, Elhanan, Liran Goren, Onn Crouvi, Hanan Ginat, and Eitan Shelef. "Drainage reorganization induces deviations in the scaling between valley width and drainage area." Earth Surface Dynamics 10, no. 5 (September 9, 2022): 875–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-875-2022.
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Abstract. The width of valleys and channels affects the hydrology, ecology, and geomorphic functionality of drainage networks. In many studies, the width of valleys and/or channels (W) is estimated as a power-law function of the drainage area (A), W=kcAd. However, in fluvial systems that experience drainage reorganization, abrupt changes in drainage area distribution can result in valley or channel widths that are disproportional to their drainage areas. Such disproportionality may be more distinguished in valleys than in channels due to a longer adjustment timescale for valleys. Therefore, the valley width–area scaling in reorganized drainages is expected to deviate from that of drainages that did not experience reorganization. To explore the effect of reorganization on valley width–drainage area scaling, we studied 12 valley sections in the Negev desert, Israel, categorized into undisturbed, beheaded, and reversed valleys. We found that the values of the drainage area exponents, d, are lower in the beheaded valleys relative to undisturbed valleys but remain positive. Reversed valleys, in contrast, are characterized by negative d exponents, indicating valley narrowing with increasing drainage area. In the reversed category, we also explored the independent effect of channel slope (S) through the equation W=kbAbSc, which yielded negative and overall similar values for b and c. A detailed study in one reversed valley section shows that the valley narrows downstream, whereas the channel widens, suggesting that, as hypothesized, the channel width adjusts faster to post-reorganization drainage area distribution. The adjusted narrow channel dictates the width of formative flows in the reversed valley, which contrasts with the meaningfully wider formative flows of the beheaded valley across the divide. This difference results in a step change in the unit stream power between the reversed and beheaded channels, potentially leading to a “width feedback” that promotes ongoing divide migration and reorganization. Our findings demonstrate that valley width–area scaling is a potential tool for identifying landscapes influenced by drainage reorganization. Accounting for reorganization-specific scaling can improve estimations of erosion rate distributions in reorganized landscapes.
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Balun, O. V. "On the problem of durability of underground drainage in the natural and climatic conditions of the Novgorod region." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 5 (October 22, 2020): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.5.589-596.
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The article deals with the problem of stable operation of various structures of drainage systems on heavy soils in the natural and climatic conditions of the Novgorod region during the first years after construction and after 30 years of operation. The experiment examines the effectiveness of drainage using shallow drainage structures with the depth of 70 cm and two variants of medium-deep drainage (110 cm) with filling the drainage trench with sand-gravel mixture (PGS) and wood chips to the arable horizon. Analysis of groundwater dynamics showed that the rate of groundwater decline in the early spring period in the first years of operation on all experimental variants was approximately the same: 2.0-2.4 cm/day. In recent years in the shallow drainage variant, the decrease in ground water levels occurred more slowly (2.3 cm/day) compared to the standard drainage variants (3.8-3.9 cm/day). The average humidity of the root layer of the soil during the growing season in experimental closed drainage systems has not increased for 30 years. The average moisture reserves for the growing season in the experimental systems were: 177 mm in the shallow drainage variant in 1991, 168 mm in 2018; 165 and 154 mm for the standard drainage with drainage chips backfill, respectively; 164 and 123 mm in the PGS backfill variant, respectively. The highest reliability and durability were shown by collectors with PGS backfill of the drainage trench, which have maintained a consistently high efficiency over a thirty-year period. During the drought period, shallow drainage systems provided more favorable conditions according to the degree of moisture in the root layer: in 2018, the shortest period of moisture lack in the root layer of the soil (10 days) was observed in shallow drainage systems, and the longest (1 month) - in systems with backfill of the drainage trench with PGS.
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Indriatmoko, Robertus Haryoto. "Analisis Debit Puncak untuk Perencanaan Sistem Drainase di Kawasan Teknopark Pelalawan." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 20, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v20i2.3467.
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ABSTRACTA drainage system is an infrastructure that plays an important role for regions such as in Pelalawan technopark. Drainage system design needs to be carried out comprehensively to obtain the results of the predicted regional channel system analysis based on maximum daily rainfall data in the area. Thus, any rain falling in each sub-watershed within the region can be properly flowed, through the channel system in the four main drainages and does not cause flooding in the area. The methodology for the analysis of drainage systems is carried out through 4 comprehensive stages, starting with delineation of the four sub-watersheds in the area and performing sub-watershed morphometry until mapping process of the main drainage system of the Pelalawan technopark area. The results of peak discharge analysis is derived from the calculation of rain plan/predicted rain results in the 25-year return period, the Petarik sub-watershed has value of 158.21 m3/sec, while the Bedaguh Guntung watershed, the Kahayan sub-watershed, and the Langgam watershed have results about 53.64 m3/dt, 30.56 m3/sec, and 34.16 m3/sec respectively. If the drainage system is to be built in the Technopark area, one main channel must be provided in each sub-watershed with channel capacity by the peak discharge. If the four main channels have been prepared, the Technopark Region will be free of flooding for the planning period from the rain with a 25 year return period.Keyword: Technopark, infiltration, rainfall, return periode, peak discharge, drainage capacity ABSTRAKRancangan sistem drainase adalah sebuah infrastruktur yang memegang peranan penting termasuk untuk kawasan seperti di teknopark Pelalawan. Perencanaan sistem drainase perlu dilaksanakan dengan baik untuk mendapatkan hasil analisis sistem saluran kawasan yang diprediksi berdasarkan data hujan hujan harian maksimum dalam kawasan tersebut. Dengan demikian, setiap hujan yang jatuh di dalam setiap sub DAS dalam kawasan dapat dialirkan dengan baik, melalui sistem saluran pada keempat drainase utama dan tidak menimbulkan banjir dalam kawasan. Metodologi untuk analisis sistem drainase, dilakukan melalui 4 tahap yaitu yang dimulai dengan melakukan deliniasi terhadap keempat sub DAS dalam kawasan dan melakukan morfometri sub DAS untuk mendapatkan data luas dari masing-masing sub DAS, kemiringan lereng, koefisien runoff, dan time of consentration (tc). hingga pemetaan sistem drainase utama kawasan teknopark Pelalawan. Hasil analisis debit puncak pada 4 sub DAS dalam kawasan teknopark yang berasal dari perhitungan hujan rencana/ hujan hasil prediksi pada periode ulang 25 tahun, untuk ke 4 adalah Sub DAS Petarik sebesar 158,21 m3/dt, sub DAS Bedaguh Guntung sebesar 53,64 m3/dt. Sub DAS Kahayan sebesar 30,56 m3/dt dan Sub DAS Langgam sebesar 34,16 m3/dt. Apabila dalam kawasan Teknopark tersebut akan dibangun sistem drainase, maka harus disediakan 1 (satu) buah saluran utama di setiap Sub DAS dengan kapasitas saluran sesuai dengan besarnya sesuai dengan debit puncak. Jika keempat saluran utama tersebut telah disiapkan maka Kawasan Teknopark akan dapat terbebas dari banjir untuk periode perencanaan dari hujan dengan periode ulang 25 tahun.Kata kunci: Teknopark, infiltrasi, hujan, periode ulang, debit puncak, kapasitas saluran
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Anzhenkov, Aleksandr. "Adaptive potential of reclamation systems." Melioration and Water Management 2021, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2021-6-41-44.
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The systemic significance of the water regime and its influence on crop yields are given. The basic elements of substantiation of the direction of adaptation of reclamation systems in modern climatic conditions are given. The actual problems of the formation of conditions for the transformation of drainage and drainage-humidifying systems are considered. The directions of adaptation of the use of reclaimed lands in order to minimize the cost of reconstruction are considered
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Cambardella, Cynthia A., Kathleen Delate, and Dan B. Jaynes. "Water Quality in Organic Systems." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p60.
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<p>Non-point source contamination is a major water quality concern in the upper Midwestern USA, where plant nutrients, especially NO<sub>3</sub>-N, are susceptible to leaching due to extensive subsurface draining of the highly productive, but poorly drained, soils found in this region. Environmental impacts associated with intensive mineral fertilization in conventional production have encouraged producers to investigate organic methods. The USDA-ARS Organic Water Quality (OWQ) experiment, established in 2011, compares organic (C-S-O/A-A) and conventional (C-S) crop rotations and an organic pasture (bromegrass, fescue, alfalfa, white clover) system. Thirty fully-instrumented, subsurface-drained plots (30.5 m × 30.5 m) laid out in a randomized block design with 5 field replications, isolate subsurface drainage from each plot and permit comparison of treatment effects on subsurface drainage water flow and nutrient concentrations. Objectives for this study were to quantify growing season subsurface drainage water flow, NO<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations, and NO<sub>3</sub>-N loads for conventional and organic grain cropping systems from 2012-2014. Temporal patterns of subsurface drainage water flux were similar for all cropping systems for all years, except for the pasture system in 2012 and subsurface drainage water N concentrations were highest in the conventional C-S system except for the early spring 2012. Subsurface drainage water N loading loss for the entire 3-year period from the conventional C-S system (79.2 kgN ha<sup>-1</sup>) was nearly twice as much as the N loss from the organic C-S-O/A-A system (39.9 kgN ha<sup>-1</sup>); the pasture system (16.5 kgN ha<sup>-1</sup>) lost the least amount of N over the 3 years. Results of this study suggest that organic farming practices, such as the application of composted animal manure and the use of forage legumes and green manures within extended cropping rotations, can improve water quality in Midwestern subsurface-drained landscapes.</p>