Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drag

Academic literature on the topic 'Drag'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Drag"

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Oetjen, Janina, and Barbara Reinhold-Hurek. "Characterization of the DraT/DraG System for Posttranslational Regulation of Nitrogenase in the Endophytic Betaproteobacterium Azoarcus sp. Strain BH72." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 11 (April 3, 2009): 3726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01720-08.

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ABSTRACT DraT/DraG-mediated posttranslational regulation of the nitrogenase Fe protein by ADP-ribosylation has been described for a few diazotrophic bacteria belonging to the class Alphaproteobacteria. Here we present for the first time the DraT/DraG system of a betaproteobacterium, Azoarcus sp. strain BH72, a diazotrophic grass endophyte. Its genome harbors one draT ortholog and two physically unlinked genes coding for ADP-ribosylhydrolases. Northern blot analysis revealed cotranscription of draT with two genes encoding hypothetical proteins. Furthermore, draT and draG2 were expressed under all studied conditions, whereas draG1 expression was nitrogen regulated. By using Western blot analysis of deletion mutants and nitrogenase assays in vivo, we demonstrated that DraT is required for the nitrogenase Fe protein modification but not for the physiological inactivation of nitrogenase activity. A second mechanism responsible for nitrogenase inactivation must operate in this bacterium, which is independent of DraT. Fe protein demodification was dependent mainly on DraG1, corroborating the assumption from phylogenetic analysis that DraG2 might be mostly involved in processes other than the posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase. Nitrogenase in vivo reactivation was impaired in a draG1 mutant and a mutant lacking both draG alleles after anaerobiosis shifts and subsequent adjustment to microaerobic conditions, suggesting that modified dinitrogenase reductase was inactive. Our results demonstrate that the DraT/DraG system, despite some differences, is functionally conserved in diazotrophic proteobacteria.
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Grussenmeyer, William. "Draw and drag." ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing, no. 111 (January 29, 2015): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2809904.2809907.

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Zalewska, Beata, Rafał Piątek, Katarzyna Bury, Alfred Samet, Bogdan Nowicki, Stella Nowicki, and Józef Kur. "A surface-exposed DraD protein of uropathogenic Escherichia coli bearing Dr fimbriae may be expressed and secreted independently from DraC usher and DraE adhesin." Microbiology 151, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 2477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28083-0.

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The dra gene cluster, expressed by uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, determines bacterial attachment and invasion. The Dr fimbrial structures formed at the bacterial cell surface are composed of DraE subunits. The Dr fimbriae-coding cluster contains six open reading frames – draA, draB, draC, draD, draP and draE – among which the draE gene encodes the structural fimbrial subunit DraE. Very little is known about E. coli surface expression of the draD gene product. The expression of DraD and its role in the biogenesis of Dr fimbriae were determined by constructing mutants in the dra operon and by immunoblot and immunofluorescence experiments. In this study, DraD was found to be a surface-exposed protein. The expression of DraD was independent of the DraC usher and DraE fimbrial subunits. Polymerization of DraE fimbrial subunits into fimbrial structures did not require expression of the DraD protein.
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Zhang, Yaoping, Edward L. Pohlmann, Cale M. Halbleib, Paul W. Ludden, and Gary P. Roberts. "Effect of PII and Its Homolog GlnK on Reversible ADP-Ribosylation of Dinitrogenase Reductase by Heterologous Expression of the Rhodospirillum rubrum Dinitrogenase Reductase ADP-Ribosyl Transferase–Dinitrogenase Reductase-Activating Glycohydrolase Regulatory System inKlebsiella pneumoniae." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 1610–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.5.1610-1620.2001.

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ABSTRACT Reversible ADP-ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase, catalyzed by the dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyl transferase–dinitrogenase reductase-activating glycohydrolase (DRAT-DRAG) regulatory system, has been characterized in Rhodospirillum rubrum and other nitrogen-fixing bacteria. To investigate the mechanisms for the regulation of DRAT and DRAG activities, we studied the heterologous expression of R. rubrum draTG in Klebsiella pneumoniae glnB and glnK mutants. In K. pneumoniae wild type, the regulation of both DRAT and DRAG activity appears to be comparable to that seen in R. rubrum. However, the regulation of both DRAT and DRAG activities is altered in a glnB background. Some DRAT escapes regulation and becomes active under N-limiting conditions. The regulation of DRAG activity is also altered in a glnBmutant, with DRAG being inactivated more slowly in response to NH4 + treatment than is seen in wild type, resulting in a high residual nitrogenase activity. In aglnK background, the regulation of DRAT activity is similar to that seen in wild type. However, the regulation of DRAG activity is completely abolished in the glnK mutant; DRAG remains active even after NH4 + addition, so there is no loss of nitrogenase activity. The results with this heterologous expression system have implications for DRAT-DRAG regulation inR. rubrum.
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Hovda, Remi Johansen. "Drag." DRAMA 59, no. 1 (June 9, 2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/drama.59.1.10.

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Wang, H., and A. Norén. "Metabolic regulation of nitrogen fixation in Rhodospirillum rubrum." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 1 (January 20, 2006): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340160.

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Nitrogenase activity in Rhodospirillum rubrum is post-translationally regulated by DRAG (dinitrogenase reductase glycohydrolase) and DRAT (dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosylation transferase). When a sudden increase in fixed nitrogen concentration or energy depletion is sensed by the cells, DRAG is inactivated and DRAT activated. We propose that the regulation of DRAG is dependent on its location in the cell and the presence of an ammonium-sensing protein.
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Raupach, M. R. "Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 60, no. 4 (September 1992): 375–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00155203.

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BRANDWOOD, A. "Mechanical Properties and Factors of Safety of Spider Drag-lines." Journal of Experimental Biology 116, no. 1 (May 1, 1985): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.116.1.141.

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Experiments were carried out to determine the strain energy capacity and breaking strain of spider drag-line silk. These properties are discussed in terms of a mathematical model of a spider falling on a drag-line. It was found that the strain energy capacity of the drag-line was in sufficient to absorb the potential energy lost by a falling spider and that in order to avoid failure of the drag-line the spider dissipates energy by other means, particularly by using itsinertia to draw drag-line silk from its spinnerets.
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Senra, Andrés. "Drag Attack." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9311186.

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Fritzsche, Sonja. "Fascist drag." Science Fiction Film & Television 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sfftv.2022.3.

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Timo Vuorensola’s Finnish-German sf satire Iron Sky (2012) tells the story of a Nazi invasion from the Moon. At the time, a Nazi return seemed to be far-fetched, even ridiculous. The pointed critique of a Sarah Palin-like president who wins a second term using fascist propaganda techniques was overshadowed by the film’s space opera setting. Although certainly not unique in its critique of the US, this Naziploitation parody was eerily prescient with regards to what Umberto Eco has termed an eternal fascism that will return again and again. Thus, the film invites further questions regarding what is a shift away from the one-sided representation of Nazis in popular sf film. Through a discussion of German scholar Katrin Sieg’s term “ethnic drag,” this article analyzes the intersections of the representation of race and fascism in the film. It posits the term “fascist drag” to refer to Nazi representation as well as a linguistic break in which discussions of fascism in the West became taboo during the Cold War. These movements have until recently remained buried in postwar memory and rehearsed in the popular imagination.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drag"

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Zafiriou, Yiorgos. "The Carnival Drag Grotesque: A Theory of Drag." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25076.

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This thesis explores drag as a fascinating performance medium with a rich and complex history. The thesis is presented as intertextual, comprising two parts: a body of creative works and a written paper. Drag as a male cross-dressing performance is documented to contextualise contemporary drag as an important LGBTIQA+ performance medium. During gay liberation, drag had been a form of entertainment with a defiant socio-political ethos used for resistance, fun & survival. The question set out in the paper is: how can a theory of drag explore drag as a site of carnival to elucidate new ways of looking at sex, gender & sexual orientation? Drag is proposed as a carnivalesque performance framed as a conceptual lens viewing drag as grotesque carnival, initially theorised by Russian writer Mikhail Bakhtin, who explained carnival as having roots in pagan ritual where there is a dissolution of order, the destabilising of boundaries, and an abandonment of rules. As drag is a cross-dressing transformation simultaneously embodying the representation of both sexes, the drag persona is a form of carnivalesque mask, and this is explored as a metaphysical experience linked to ancient theatre, occult ritual, & grotesquery. For gay culture, artistic risk-taking and a radical rethinking of drag created the emergence of a grotesque aesthetic caused by a state of community grief, anxiety, and fear amid mass death from HIV/AIDS. This era also created conditions for the emergence of a queer identity, as a call to arms in the fight against HIV/AIDS and homophobia. Queer and queer theory is used in this thesis to explore a novel way of reimagining drag. A chapter is dedicated to Ballroom culture, a drag-centred movement started by LGBTIQA+ Black & Latino communities in the US. The exploration of the Carnival Drag Grotesque in this thesis will offer a deeper insight into a fascinating medium, steeped in ancient ritual & tainted with its own polemics, bringing drag to a material/mystical nexus.
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Joranson, Kathryn M. "Sift-drag." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1328893773.

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Curtiss, Richard Andrew. "It's a Drag: Finding the Divine in Drag Performance." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7420.

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For over the thirty years, drag performance has been examined for its utility to subvert or reinforce traditional gender roles. Many of these examinations have focused on performances that emphasize subversion and separated drag into two categories: the progressive drag that subverts, and the regressive drag that reinforces. While this approach has provided a wealth of understanding about drag performance and gender roles, drag can be examined without separating its subverting/reinforcing aspects. If drag is seen as the consideration of a given gender performing the not given gender, then another consideration can be made to the subverting performing the reinforcing. This new consideration, referred to here as the divine, can provide new utility for drag performance and its role in understanding gender.
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Ma, Weixi. "THE DRAG LANGUAGE." UKnowledge, 2016. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cs_etds/41.

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This thesis describes the Drag language. Drag is a general purpose, gradually typed, lexically scoped, and multi-paradigm pro- gramming language. The essence of Drag is to build the abstract syntax trees of the programs directly and interactively. Our work includes the language specification and a prototype program. The language specification focuses on the syntax, the semantic model, and the type system. The prototype consists of an interactive editor and a compiler that targets several plat- forms, among which we focus on the LLVM platform in this thesis.
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Jacobsen, Marianne. "Real Time Drag Minimization." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4114.

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Olsen, Jon. "Spillage Drag Estimation and Drag-Thrust Accounting for a Missile with Air Breathing Propulsion." Thesis, KTH, Flygdynamik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102075.

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Air intake related aerodynamic aspects of an air breathing cruise missile are analyzed. A method for thrust and drag accounting is established, and, based on that, a partial simulation model for the thrust and intake spillage drag force of the missile is developed. The model combines wind tunnel data with analytical data. The intake spillage force has two components, pre entry force and cowl force. The pre entry force can be computed relatively easily, while the cowl force depends strongly upon actual intake geometry and no general method exists. An approximate cowl force is computed based on available data. The accuracy of the cowl drag results is difficult to predict, as no complete theoretical model is available, and the partial models published cite no accuracy limits. The cowl drag results need further verification through wind tunnel tests or CFD analysis. However, spillage force results are produced that are in the magnitude of 30% of total drag, which is expected. Also, dependencies on known variables and trends are as expected. Finally, flight test profiles in order to validate the model are suggested.
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Stokoe, Kayte. "Reframing drag performance : beyond theorisations of drag as subverting or upholding the status quo." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90883/.

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Since the publication of Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America in 1972, drag performance has been an object of fascination for many French and Anglo-American queer and feminist theorists. Employing an intersectional, transfeminist approach, I explore central preoccupations traversing diverse theories of drag, focusing particularly on three issues: the relationship between drag and performativity, the assumption that a drag performer’s gender differs from the gender they perform on stage, and the positioning of drag as necessarily either subversive or reactionary. Analysing the flaws and benefits of these conceptual trends as they appear in a representative selection of French and Anglo-American queer and feminist theoretical texts, I challenge the perception of drag as subverting or upholding the status quo, suggesting that this understanding creates reductive generalisations and cannot account for the diversity and complexity of many current drag scenes. Further, I contest the definitional focus on a presumed opposition between the gender of the performer and the gender they perform on stage. Although a performer’s gender can shape their experience and understanding of drag performance, the focus on this presumed opposition erases certain performers’ identities and distracts from what is actually happening on stage. While my first two chapters concentrate on selected queer and feminist theorizations of drag performance, my final chapter considers the relationship between Butlerian gender parody, intramural parody, and extramural satire in Rachilde’s Monsieur Vénus, Virginia Woolf’s Orlando, and Monique Wittig’s Le Corps lesbien. Here, I develop the frame of ‘textual drag’ to describe the interactions of these forms of parody and satire in these texts, while highlighting their authors’ interrogations of norms of gender performance, gender identity, and embodiment. I then conclude by demonstrating how existing insights into drag performance can be combined with my own findings to create a particularizing, transfeminist approach to drag.
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Tsang, Yue-Kin. "Two-dimensional turbulence with drag." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1735.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Fjellander, Johanna. "Berättande drag i argumenterande elevtexter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-193365.

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Denna uppsats handlar om gymnasieelevers anpassning till olika texttyper i skrift. Uppsatsens frågeställningar är: 1.) Vilka berättande drag återfinns i gymnasieelevers argumenterande texter? 2.) Har gymnasieelevers medvetenhet om den argumenterande texttypen något samband med det betyg som de får på uppgiften?Hypotesen som framläggs är att det förekommer fler berättande drag i texter med lägre betyg, eftersom målen för högre betyg kräver en medvetenhet om olika texttyper.Undersökningen är utförd på debattinlägg skrivna av 20 gymnasieelever, uppgift B1 i det nationella kursprovet i Svenska B vårterminen 2012 Dit vinden blåser (Skolverket 2012b). Utifrån förekomsten eller avsaknaden av fyra berättande drag, utvalda av uppsatsens författare, klassificeras elevtexterna enligt hur väl de uppfyller den argumenterande texttypen. Kriterierna gäller pronomenval, inledning, personliga exempel och ordval.Resultatet av undersökningen visar på att förekomsten av berättande drag återfinns i elevtexter på samtliga betygsnivåer. De berättande dragen i elevtexterna är mest frekventa i de elevtexter som inte har uppnått ett godkänt resultat, det finns lika många berättande drag i G-elevtexterna som i VG-elevtexterna och det är lägst antal berättande drag i MVG-elevtexterna. Därmed verifieras hypotesen.
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Futrzynski, Romain. "Drag reduction using plasma actuators." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Farkost och flyg, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-161409.

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This thesis is motivated by the application of active flow control on the cabin of trucks, thereby providing a new means of drag reduction. Particularly, the work presented strives to identify how plasma actuators can be used to reduce the drag caused by the detachment of the flow around the A-pillars. This is achieved by conducting numerical simulations, and is part of a larger project that also includes experimental. The effect of plasma actuators is modeled through a body force, which adds very little computational cost and is suitable for implementation in most CFD solvers. The spatial distribution of this force is described by coefficients which have been optimized against experimental data, and the model was shown to be able to accurately reproduce the wall jet created by a single plasma actuator in a no-flow condition. A half cylinder geometry - a simplified geometry for the A-pillar of a truck - was used in a preliminary Large Eddy Simulation (LES) study that showed that the actuator alone, operated continuously, was not sufficient to achieve a significant reduction of the drag. Nevertheless, a significant drag reduction was obtained by simply increasing the strength of the body force to a higher value, showing that this type of actuation remains relevant for the reduction of drag. In the course of finding ways to improve the efficiency of the actuator, dynamic mode decomposition was investigated as a post-processing tool to extract structures in the flow. Such structures are identified by their spatial location and frequency, and might help to understand how the actuator should be used to maximize drag reduction. Thus a parallel code for dynamic mode decomposition was developed in order to facilitate the treatment of the large amounts of data obtained by LES. This code and LES itself were thereafter evaluated in the case of a pulsating channel flow. By using the dynamic mode decomposition it was possible to accurately extract oscillating profiles at the forcing frequency, although harmonics with lower amplitude compared to the turbulence intensity could not be obtained.
Denna avhandling behandlar tillämpningen av aktiv strömningskontroll för lastbilshytter, vilket är en ny metod för minskning av luftmotståndet. Mer i detalj är det övergripande målet att visa på hur plasmaaktuatorer kan användas för att minska luftmotståndet orsakat av avlösningen runt A-stolparna. In denna avhandling studeras detta genom numeriska simuleringar. Arbetet är en del av ett projekt där även experimentella försök görs. Effekten av plasmaaktuatorer modelleras genom en masskraft, vilket inte ger nämnvärd ökning av beräkningstiden och är lämplig för implementering i de flesta CFD-lösare. Den rumsliga fördelningen av kraften bestäms av koefficienter vilka i detta arbete beräknades utifrån experimentella data. Modellen har visat sig kunna återskapa en stråle nära väggen med god noggrannhet av en enskild plasmaaktuator för en halvcylinder utan strömning. Samma geometri - en halvcylinder som här används som förenklad geometri av A-stolpen på en lastbil - användes i en preliminär LES studie som visade att enbart aktuatorn vid kontinuerlig drift inte var tillräckligt för att uppnå en signifikant minskning av luftmotståndet. En signifikant minskning av luftmotståndet erhölls genom att helt enkelt öka styrkan på kraften, vilket visats att denna typ av strömningskontroll är relevant för minskning av luftmotståndet. I syfte att förbättra effektiviteten hos aktuatorn, studerades dynamic mode decomposition, som ett verktyg för efterbehandling för att få fram flödesstrukturer. Dessa strukturer identifieras genom deras rumsupplösning och frekvens och kan hjälpa till att förstå hur aktuatorerna bör användas för att minska luftmotståndet. En parallelliserad kod för dynamic mode decomposition utvecklades för att underlätta efterbehandlingen av de stora datamängder som fås från LES-beräkningarna. Slutligen, utvärderades denna kod och LES-beräkningar på ett strömningsfall med pulserande kanalflöde. Metoden, dynamic mode decomposition, visade sig kunna extrahera de oscillerande flödesprofilerna med hög noggrannhet för den påtvingade frekvensen. Övertoner med lägre amplitud jämfört med turbulensintensiteten kunde dock inte erhållas.

QC 20150312

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Books on the topic "Drag"

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Savage, Jeff. Drag racing. Parsippany, N.J: Crestwood House, 1997.

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ill, Lovett Leslie, ed. Drag racing. Minneapolis: Capstone Press, 1995.

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Gionfriddo, Gina. U.S. drag. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 2006.

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Cockerham, Paul W. Drag racing. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1997.

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Rodi, Robert. Drag queen. New York: Dutton, 1995.

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Suarèz, Jean-Claude. Hollywood drag. Charlottesvill, Virginia: Thomasson-Grant,U.S., 1994.

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McKenna, A. T. Drag racing. Edina, Minn: Abdo & Daughters, 1998.

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Holder, Bill. Drag Racing. Wigston: Magna Bks., 1993.

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Rodi, Robert. Drag queen. New York: Plume, 1996.

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Savage, Jeff. Drag racing. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drag"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Drag." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 242. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3988.

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Eckert, Michael. "Drag." In Turbulence—an Odyssey, 37–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91459-2_3.

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Sadraey, Mohammad H. "Drag force and drag coefficient." In Aircraft Performance, 63–108. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2016]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366913-3.

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Sadraey, Mohammad H. "Drag Force and Drag Coefficient." In Aircraft Performance, 65–117. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003279068-3.

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Coppa, Francesca. "Slash/Drag." In A Companion to Media Fandom and Fan Studies, 189–206. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119237211.ch12.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Drag Flow." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 242. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3989.

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Hutchinson, C. R., and Y. Brechet. "Solute Drag." In Thermodynamics, Microstructures and Plasticity, 155–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0219-6_9.

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Mandell, Avi M. "Gas Drag." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_622-3.

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Mandell, Avi M. "Gas Drag." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 922. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_622.

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Wegener, Peter P. "Aerodynamic Drag." In What Makes Airplanes Fly?, 87–108. New York, NY: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0403-6_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Drag"

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Guan, Zhongyuan, and Biyuan Shui. "The New Progress of Drag Reducing Agents in World Research." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10025.

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Frictional pressure drop (or drag) restricts the flow of liquid in a pipeline, limiting throughput and requiring greater amounts of energy for pumping. Flow improvers used for reducing drag are commonly referred to in the industry as drag reduction agents (DRA). This article presents the latest achievements in research related to DRA’s mechanism and production. A higher molecular weight of polyalpha-olefin will be obtained by bulk polymerization. There are breakthroughs either in research of solution polymerization of alpha-olefin. The DRA’s post-treating processes become better and approach perfection day and day. Recently non-aqueous drag reducing suspensions have been developed, providing significant advantages over previous water-based suspensions and gel-like solution DRAs. Microencapsulated drag reducing agents should be developed in the future because of its advantages in production, transportation, application and post-treating process. In addition, Reynolds number is the first indication to determine whether drag reducer could work or not in fluid flow in a pipeline system. And dependable injection equipment is an important element in the success of DRA application.
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Wood, Richard. "Aerodynamic Drag and Drag Reduction." In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-209.

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Al Moajil, A. M., R. White, and A. AlRustum. "Decarbonization Through Reducing Energy Losses in Water Injection Systems: Mechanical Degradation of Drag Reducers in Friction Loops Testing." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218615-ms.

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Abstract Drag reducing agents (DRAs) are used to reduce friction created by turbulence flow in water transport and injection systems. The objective of this paper to assess mechanical degradation of rigid and flexible polymers used drag reduction applications. Commercial synthetic polyacrylamide-based DRA and CMHPG polymers were obtained. Synthetic brine was prepared to simulate typical water in surface pipelines. Friction loop test was used to assess friction reduction at various conditions, testing modes, and DRA polymer concentrations. Mechanical degradation of flexible and rigid polymers for drag reduction application was assessed. TGA analysis indicated the activity of the polyacrylamide polymer was 29 wt%. Viscosity measurements indicated ammonium persulfate reduced the viscosity of 1000 ppm polyacralamide-based DRA by 41 and 36% at 25 and 40°C, respectively. Flow loop testing showed that the flexible polymer was mechanically degraded (i.e. DR’ < 0.1) within 15, 47, and >200 min at 12 gal/min, NRe 70,022, 75°F, at reservoir tank bypass flow mode using 150, 300, and 1000 ppm of the PAM-based DRA, respectively. Rigid polysaccharides-based drag reducing agents showed significant resistance to mechanical degradation compared to polyacralamide-based DRA. Mechanical degradation of the polymer (via chain scission) was mainly caused by shearing/turbulence flow, circulation pump, number of flow cycles, and time. The degradation rate depended on DRA concentration, flow rate, polymer type, and circulation flow mode. DRA injection is a viable alternative to increase production capacity and/or improve energy efficiency.
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Herrmann, Hans J., Murilo P. Almeida, Eric J. R. Parteli, José S. Andrade, Masami Nakagawa, and Stefan Luding. "Surface drag." In POWDERS AND GRAINS 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROMECHANICS OF GRANULAR MEDIA. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3179913.

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Hwang, Sungjae, Junghyun Gim, Junwoo Yoo, and Andrea Bianchi. "Contextual Drag." In CHI '15: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732486.

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Nixon, David. "A Relationship Between Wave Drag and Induced Drag." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3021.

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Meheut, Michaël, and Didier Bailly. "Profile Drag Formulations and Drag Breakdown from Wake Measurements." In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3166.

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Wong, Kent J., Tricia K. Ayers, and C. P. van Dam. "ACCURATE DRAG PREDICTION - A PREREQUISITE FOR DRAG REDUCTION RESEARCH." In Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932571.

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Schroeder, Jr., Arthur J., James E. Chitwood, Tom A. Gay, John Gillespie, Yung Lee, Paul Hughes, and Julien Verdeil. "Key Technology Qualification for Increasing Subsea Well Production via Drag Reducing Agents." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31054-ms.

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Abstract Drag reducing agents (DRAs) are a cost-effective method to reduce pipeline pressure losses and maximize flowrates of onshore and offshore pipelines with over 40 years of proven results. With recent developments, production can also be significantly increased by injecting DRA into flow restricted subsea flowlines. This paper will provide a summary of the development and testing of a full-scale prototype subsea DRA storage and injection unit built to achieve the industry goal of alleviating flow restricted subsea pipelines. While DRA applications are proven in thousands of offshore and onshore applications, it has never been successfully injected subsea. System integration testing (SIT) is currently under way on the prototype unit, after which it will be qualified for offshore use. The technology is covered by numerous patents issued and pending in the US and other countries.
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Dreher, W. Reid, Ray Johnston, Peter Lauzon, and Joey Pierce. "New Heavy Crude Oil Flow Improver Increases Production: Application Scenarios." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64024.

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As worldwide heavy crude oil production increases, pipelines are faced with challenges to transport these higher viscosity fluids. Historically, heavy crude oil has been a challenge for existing commercially available DRAs. As crude oil gravities fall below ∼23 °API, existing DRAs become ineffective. ConocoPhillips Specialty Products Inc. (CSPI) developed a new class of DRAs to address this need. CSPI’s new heavy crude oil DRA technology, ExtremePower™ Flow Improvers, is proven to increase deliveries of produced heavy crude oil to market. In this paper we will discuss the mechanism of drag reduction, how a heavy crude oil DRA works, and two scenarios in which value is created by utilizing the product.
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Reports on the topic "Drag"

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de Vries, Wim. Cubesat Drag Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1124870.

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Taylor, Lafe, Robert Wilson, and Bruce Hilbert. Hydrodynamic Drag Reduction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618198.

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Decker, Robert K. Viscous Drag Measurement and Its Application to Base Drag Reduction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403228.

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Vera, Jose, and Ken Evans. PR186-203600-Z01 Impact of Drag Reducing Agents on Corrosion Management. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012177.

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The purpose of this research was to understand the potential impact of drag reducing agents (DRA) on internal corrosion of liquid hydrocarbon pipelines. The first task of this project included a comprehensive review of literature and knowledge, both in public domain and from industry experience, on the effect of DRA on water and solid transport in liquid hydrocarbons, and possible interactions with other performance chemicals typically used in the oil and gas industry. This was the basis for defining the final bench test methodology and test matrix to be performed in the second task. A novel bench-top apparatus was designed based on a vertical Couette cell approach, and a test methodology was successfully implemented to evaluate the potential effect(s) of DRA on water accumulation and localized corrosion at the oil/water interface. A test matrix was conducted with two DRAs (a water based and an oil based) and two corrosion inhibitors (a water soluble and an oil soluble) at a given test condition (3.5% NaCl saturated with 97%CO2/3%O2, pH ~6 at 80 oF). There is a related webinar.
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Voskuilen, Tyler, Lindsay Crowl Erickson, and Robert C. Knaus. Aerodynamic Drag Scoping Work. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1423524.

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Celmins, Ilmars. Projectile Supersonic Drag Characteristics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada224217.

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Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. Stokes' Mechanism of Drag Reduction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398719.

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McCleskey, Frank. Drag Coefficients for Irregular Fragments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201943.

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Dimotakis, Paul, Patrick Diamond, Freeman Dyson, David Hammer, and Jonathan Katz. Turbulent Boundary-Layer Drag Reduction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416331.

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Diamond, P., J. Harvey, J. Katz, D. Nelson, and P. Steinhardt. Drag Reduction by Polymer Additives. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada258867.

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