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Academic literature on the topic 'Downstream changes'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Downstream changes"

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Hadley, Richard F., and William W. Emmett. "CHANNEL CHANGES DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34, no. 3 (June 1998): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb00960.x.

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Russo, Rachel A., Dawnelle Schatte, and J. Kathlene Trello-Rishel. "Downstream Effects of Grade Policy Changes." Academic Psychiatry 43, no. 6 (September 4, 2019): 654–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40596-019-01110-1.

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Milner, Alexander M., Kieran Khamis, Tom J. Battin, John E. Brittain, Nicholas E. Barrand, Leopold Füreder, Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié, et al. "Glacier shrinkage driving global changes in downstream systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (September 5, 2017): 9770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619807114.

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Glaciers cover ∼10% of the Earth’s land surface, but they are shrinking rapidly across most parts of the world, leading to cascading impacts on downstream systems. Glaciers impart unique footprints on river flow at times when other water sources are low. Changes in river hydrology and morphology caused by climate-induced glacier loss are projected to be the greatest of any hydrological system, with major implications for riverine and near-shore marine environments. Here, we synthesize current evidence of how glacier shrinkage will alter hydrological regimes, sediment transport, and biogeochemical and contaminant fluxes from rivers to oceans. This will profoundly influence the natural environment, including many facets of biodiversity, and the ecosystem services that glacier-fed rivers provide to humans, particularly provision of water for agriculture, hydropower, and consumption. We conclude that human society must plan adaptation and mitigation measures for the full breadth of impacts in all affected regions caused by glacier shrinkage.
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Patel, Ravi K., Jessica D. West, Ya Jiang, Elizabeth A. Fogarty, and Andrew Grimson. "Robust partitioning of microRNA targets from downstream regulatory changes." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 9724–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa687.

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Abstract The biological impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) is determined by their targets, and robustly identifying direct miRNA targets remains challenging. Existing methods suffer from high false-positive rates and are unable to effectively differentiate direct miRNA targets from downstream regulatory changes. Here, we present an experimental and computational framework to deconvolute post-transcriptional and transcriptional changes using a combination of RNA-seq and PRO-seq. This novel approach allows us to systematically profile the regulatory impact of a miRNA. We refer to this approach as CARP: Combined Analysis of RNA-seq and PRO-seq. We apply CARP to multiple miRNAs and show that it robustly distinguishes direct targets from downstream changes, while greatly reducing false positives. We validate our approach using Argonaute eCLIP-seq and ribosome profiling, demonstrating that CARP defines a comprehensive repertoire of targets. Using this approach, we identify miRNA-specific activity of target sites within the open reading frame. Additionally, we show that CARP facilitates the dissection of complex changes in gene regulatory networks triggered by miRNAs and identification of transcription factors that mediate downstream regulatory changes. Given the robustness of the approach, CARP would be particularly suitable for dissecting miRNA regulatory networks in vivo.
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López, Raúl, Celso Garcia, Damià Vericat, and Ramon J. Batalla. "Downstream changes of particle entrainment in a hydropeaked river." Science of The Total Environment 745 (November 2020): 140952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140952.

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Bendik, Marian. "Addressing challenges presented for downstream purification by changes upstream." Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 5, S2 (March 18, 2019): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18609/cgti.2019.025.

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Twisa, Sekela, and Manfred F. Buchroithner. "Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) Change Detection in Wami River Basin, Tanzania." Land 8, no. 9 (September 8, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090136.

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Anthropogenic activities have substantially changed natural landscapes, especially in regions which are extremely affected by population growth and climate change such as East African countries. Understanding the patterns of land-use and land-cover (LULC) change is important for efficient environmental management, including effective water management practice. Using remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS), this study focused on changes in LULC patterns of the upstream and downstream Wami River Basin over 16 years. Multitemporal satellite imagery of the Landsat series was used to map LULC changes and was divided into three stages (2000–2006, 2006–2011, and 2011–2016). The results for the change-detection analysis and the change matrix table from 2000 to 2016 show the extent of LULC changes occurring in different LULC classes, while most of the grassland, bushland, and woodland were intensively changed to cultivated land both upstream and downstream. These changes indicate that the increase of cultivated land was the result of population growth, especially downstream, while the primary socioeconomic activity remains agriculture both upstream and downstream. In general, net gain and net loss were observed downstream, which indicate that it was more affected compared to upstream. Hence, proper management of the basin, including land use planning, is required to avoid resources-use conflict between upstream and downstream users.
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Choi, Sijung, Seongkyu Kang, and Dongryul Lee. "Evaluation of Water Supply Stability According to Changes in Instream Flow." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.6.369.

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The Daap intake plant located downstream of the Seomjin River was relocated in 2005, and the amount of intake increased. Accordingly, it significantly influenced the change in the flow rate downstream of the Seomjin River. After relocating the Daap intake plant, the production of Corbicula in the downstream of the Seomjin River decreased; there is a demand for investigation into the damage to the downstream fishermen and preparation of countermeasures. An increase in instream flow to increase the production of Corbicula downstream of the Seomjin River may cause difficulties in the stable water supply of the Seomjin River basin; therefore, a preliminary review is necessary. In this study, the supply stability was evaluated through water budget analysis after setting several instream flow at the downstream of the Seomjin River in Gurye-gun (Songjeong-ri). In addition, the supply stability of the water resource system in the Seomjin River according to the instream flow rate was evaluated. It was intended to suggest an alternative to the supply of instream flow. If the instream flow is set large to increase the production of Corbicula, it may cause difficulties in supplying instream flow and problems in supplying water necessary for human activities; therefore, related information must be provided through various analyses.
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Quail, A., D. Cottee, D. McLeod, R. Blake, R. Bishop, S. McIlveen, and S. White. "Analysis of Bronchovascular Downstream Blood Pressure Changes in Exercising Sheep." Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 111, no. 4 (January 2003): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13813450312331337469.

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A., Quail, Cottee D., McLeod D., Blake R., Bishop R., McIlveen S., and White S. "Analysis of Bronchovascular Downstream Blood Pressure Changes in Exercising Sheep." Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 111, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13813450312331337469.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Downstream changes"

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Beck, Julia S. (Julia Samantha). "Downstream changes in river morphology as a result of dam developments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52243.

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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A dam can have a significant impact on the downstream river morphology by altering both the flow regime and the sediment load. The effect of a dam is dependent on factors such as the storage capacity relative to the mean annual runoff (MAR), the operation of the reservoir and the sediment yield of the catchment. Changes in the river morphology include the degradation and coarsening of the riverbed, generally closer to the dam, and aggradation further downstream where the sediment delivered by tributaries cannot be carried through because of the reduced sediment transport capacity of the river. The impact of a dam can stretch over several hundreds of kilometres. The main objective of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the impacts that dams can have on the downstream river morphology. This was done by developing equations that can describe the channel geometry, investigating the effect of the presence of clay and silt on the sediment transport behaviour of sediments, as well as detailed evaluation of simulations carried out with a one-dimensional mathematical river model (MIKE 11). The calibrated regime equations were found to be comparable to other internationally developed regime equations and to be suitable for natural rivers. It was found, however, that these regime equations are not applicable to rivers downstream of dams that have highly unnatural release patterns. Further research is needed in this regard. By investigating the effect of cohesive sediments on the sediment transport behaviour of mixed sediments it was found that as little as 7% clay and silt in the bed could affect their sediment transport characteristics. A methodology was also developed by which the critical conditions for mass erosion of cohesive sediments can be described in terms of the applied stream power. Sediment transport equations were calibrated and verified in terms of the unit input stream power for fine and non-cohesivesediments. The sediment transport equation for fine sediments was implemented in MIKE 11. The simulations over a 40 km reach of the Pongola River downstream of Pongolapoort Dam, have shown that even when a large demand is placed on the stored water, and most of the smaller floods are therefore absorbed by the dam, the downstream impact can still be considerable, with as much as 5 m deep erosion in places. The sediment loads are generally reduced (by as much as 35%), but the effective catchment area downstream of the dam has been reduced by as much as 90%, indicating that substantial erosion had to have taken place in the river. Coarsening of the riverbed was also observed during the simulations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Dam kan 'n aansienlike impak he op die riviermorfologie stroomaf daarvan, deurdat dit beide die vloei en sedimentlading drasties kan verander. Die effek van 'n dam hang van verskeie faktore af, soos die opgaarkapasiteit in vergelyking met die gemiddelde jaarlikse afloop (GJA), die bestuur van die dam en die sedimentlewering van die opvanggebied. Veranderings in die riviermorfologie behels die degradering van die rivierbed, sowel as die uitspoel van fyn materiaal uit die rivierbed, veral nader aan die dam. Deponering vind verder stroomaf van die dam plaas, waar die sediment wat deur die sytakke ingevoer word nie deurgevoer kan word nie, weens die verlaagde sedimentdravermoe van die rivier. Sodoende kan rivierlope oor honderde kilometers deur 'n dam bemvloed word. Die hoofdoel van die tesis was om meer insig te verkry oor die impak wat damme op die stroomaf riviermorfologie kan he. Derhalwe is vergelykings ontwikkel wat die riviermorfologie kan beskryf. Die effek van die teenwoordigheid van klei en slik op die sedimentvervoer-eienskappe is ondersoek, en gedetaileerde ontledings is met 'n een-dimensionele wiskundige riviermodel (MIKE 11) is gedoen. Daar is bevind dat die regime-formules goed vergelyk met ander intemasionaalontwikkelde formules en dat hulle geskik is vir toepassing op natuurlike riviere. Daar is egter gevind dat die formules nie geskik is vir riviere wat stroomaf Ie van damme wat hoogs onnatuurlike loslatings het nie. Verdere navorsing is op hierdie gebied nodig. Ondersoek na die effek wat klei en slik op die sedimentdravermoe het, het getoon dat slegs 7% klei en slik in die rivierbed die sedimentvervoer-eienskappe van mengsels van fyn en growwe materiaal kan bemvloed. 'n Metode is ontwikkel waarmee die kritiese toestande vir massa-erosie van kohesiewe sediment beskryfkan word in terme van die aangewende stroomdrywing teen die bed. 'n Sedimentvervoer-vergelyking in terme van die eenheids-insetstroomdrywing vir fyn en nie-kohesiewe sedimente is gekalibreer en geverifieer. Die nuwe sedimentvervoer-vergelyking vir fyn sedimente is gebruik in die MIKE 11 simulasies. Hierdie simulasies oor 'n 40 km loop van die Pongolarivier stroomaf van Pongolapoort Dam, het getoon dat selfs as daar 'n groot aanvraag op 'n dam se water geplaas word, en gevolglik meeste van die kleiner vloede deur die dam geabsorbeer word, die impak van die dam nogs steeds aansienlik kan wees, met soveel as 5 m diep uitskuring in plekke. Die sedimentladings het gewoonlik verminder (met soveel as 35%), maar die die effektiewe opvanggebiedarea stroomafvan die dam het met meer as 90% verminder, wat daarop dui dat daar aansienlike erodering in die rivier plaasgevind het. Die simulasies het ook getoon dat die hoeveelheid fyn materiaal in die rivierbed verminder het.
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Chouikhi, S. M. "Mass transfer downstream of abrupt changes of duct diameter in two-phase flow." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354027.

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Hamiton, Jorene Lynn. "Hydrologic and morphologic changes of the West Branch Delaware River, New York, downstream of the Cannonsville Dam." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Pamidiboina, Venu [Verfasser], and Rudolf Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Huber. "Molecular changes in EGFR downstream signalling and intracellular calcium changes associated with the cisplatin-resistant phenotype of lung cancer cells / Venu Pamidiboina ; Betreuer: Rudolf Maria Huber." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216417822/34.

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LIMONCELLI, MARTA. "Short-term erosion pattern in the Alps-Apennines belt constrained by downstream changes of zircons morphology and U-PB ages from the Po drainage modern sands." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/29393.

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Downstream changes of the geochronological signature in the Po drainage allow to assess the relative sediment contributions shed from the orogenic source areas, in order to constrain the short-term (102-104 y) erosion pattern in the Alps-Apennines orogenic couple. In this perspective, we collected modern sands in selected tributaries draining the major tectonic units exposed in the orogen, as well as along the Po River trunk and in different sites of the Po Delta. Zircon concentrates were separated according to specific quantitative procedures coupled with grain-size and grain-density analyses, which provide an evaluation of zircon content in source rocks, of hydraulic sorting effects, and related intersample/intrasample zircon variability. Our methodological approach allows to perform sediment budgets and evaluate mineral content in diverse sediment sources (mineral fertility). Budget calculations were performed by investigating geochronological signals upstream and downstream of major confluences. We employed, LA-ICPMS U-Pb geochronology on detrital zircons, because this technique allows a full control of zircon populations during separation procedures and data analysis; we found, instead, that fission track dating on detrital zircon is affected and biased by selective grain loss. Results of U-Pb analysis performed on single grains show that all samples from the Po Delta yield similar grain-age distributions, and include grain-age populations that are rather constant both in age and size. Major peaks are found at ca. 30 Ma, ca. 280 Ma, and 400-500 Ma. Peaks in these distributions can be traced upstream up to their sources. The bulk of the geochronological signature of the Po Delta sands is displayed already upstream of the confluence of the Northern Apennines rivers, suggesting that short-term erosion rates were much lower in the Northern Apennine than in the Western and Central Alps. Age peaks typical of the eastern Lepontine dome also characterize the Apenninic tributaries, reflecting Oligo-Miocene sedimentary transfer from the Central Alps to the Adriatic foredeep, and next tectonic accretion of turbidite wedges to the Apennine belt. U-Pb analyses were complemented by zircon typology of the whole dataset, integrated by SEM observations on selected samples. Major typological groups can be traced from entry points in the Po Plain down to the Po Delta. Euhedral zircons are largely shed from the External Massifs (Mont Blanc and Argentera) and the Periadriatic plutons. Zircon grains showing signs of chemical abrasion, possibly acquired under high-grade metamorphic conditions, were detected in tributaries draining the Lepontine area.
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Gregorio, Michael Anthony. "Geomorphic Effects of the Hocking River Channelization at Athens, Ohio, on the Downstream Planform." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1213210389.

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Rowe, William Jason. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF DOWNSTREAM CHANNEL ALLOWANCES." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/9.

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Downstream channel allowances involve the practice of selling firms making payments to customers in exchange for distribution of a product. Such transactions occur most frequently in a business-to-business exchange. Although various forms of channel allowances have been investigated over the past three decades, the literature is lacking in guidance regarding whether or not, and to what extent, the salesperson should control these payments. Relying on the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive evaluation theory, this dissertation takes the initial step in understanding the effects of customer perceptions of salesperson control over allowances, with special attention to the impact on the customer-salesperson relationship. A key finding of this study is that high perceived salesperson control (from the customer‘s perspective) has moderation effects in relation to customer loyalty and salesperson performance. An explanation is offered for the unexpected findings followed by a discussion of the implications for theory, managers, and future research in the area of channel allowances.
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Winterhalt, Lesley Marie. "Physical habitat below a hydropeaking dam : examining progressive downstream change." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54407.

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This study examines the short-term physical habitat conditions at four sites on the Kananaskis River, Alberta, where a hydropeaking dam was installed in 1955. This dam imposes both the approximate pre-dam minimum flow, and the pre-dam flood (from a small flood year) on a daily basis. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of daily changes in physical habitat conditions that organisms in the stream would have to endure, and the extent to which these fluctuations might be reduced downstream due to distance from the dam and unregulated tributary influence. Physical habitat conditions monitored over low flow and high flow dam releases were: velocity; depth; bed mobility; ramping rates; and total suspended solids. River2D was used to calculate weighted usable area and potential habitat for Brown Trout (fry, juveniles and adults) and Mountain Whitefish (fry, juveniles and adults) at the low and high flow conditions. Of the factors examined, only ramping rates and total suspended solids showed signs of downstream attenuation. Differences in depth, velocity, weighted usable area, and potential habitat between low flow and high flow dam releases were variable, and showed no downstream pattern. Between low and high flow releases, significant (p = 0.05) changes in depth were observed at all sites, and significant changes (p = 0.05) in velocity were observed at all but the second site. The second site also saw the smallest changes in measures of habitat between low flow and high flow dam releases; however, all other sites saw median differences of 48.1% to 170.9%. Percent differences in habitat between low and high flow dam releases ranged from 2.6% (second downstream site, juvenile Brown Trout) to 193.3% (third downstream site, adult Mountain Whitefish). These habitat changes happen more often than before the dam was installed (many times weekly vs. about once a year during the spring freshet) and they occur more rapidly. Because these changes happen at times of the year that are out of synchronization with the biota of the river, and as these changes are extreme, this implies challenging physical habitat conditions for indigenous stream biota.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Couperthwaite, John S. "Downstream change in channel hydraulics along the River Severn, UK." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1997. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/702/.

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An understanding of the longstream distribution of hydraulic processes is important for evaluating the mechanisms which control the catchment-scale variation of channel stability, sediment transport and siltation, flood generation and aquatic habitats. However, little attention has been given to quantifying the detailed spatial and temporal variability of channel hydraulic parameters, despite considerable attention to reach-scale processes. This study uses a combined field and modelling approach to define the distributions of channel hydraulic parameters between the source and the near-tidal limit of the River Severn, UK. Field measurements were made at 25 logarithmically-spaced sites along the Severn, under 3 flow conditions (low, medium and high) defined by exceedence frequencies. A flow event, occurring between 15-24 February 1989, was simulated by the 1-D hydraulic model, MIKE11. The simulated reach consists of cross sections spaced at 1 km intervals between 4 km and 254 km downstream from the source. Channel hydraulic parameters showed considerable variability in both space and time, reflecting cross section geometry variation downstream. Mean velocity increased with distance downstream from 0.23 m s\(^{-1}\) to 1.72 m s\(^{-1}\) under steady, bankfull flow conditions. However, unsteady flows simulated by MIKE11 demonstrated a longitudinal decline in the mean velocity of the wave peak associated with the rapid movement and minimal attenuation of the flood wave through the unconfined upper Severn. Flow resistance (Manning's n and Darcy-Weisbach f) decreased downstream from the source (0.32 - 0.06), although under low flow conditions it increased from 0.3 to 1.1 downstream to the non-alluvial - alluvial transition at Llanidloes; thereafter it exhibited a steady downstream decline. Reach mean shear stress and unit stream power peaked near the source (5-10 km downstream; drainage area < 50 km\(^2\)) at 120 N m\(^{-2}\) and 290 W m-2 and further downstream at the Ironbridge Gorge (170 km) (38 N m\(^{-2}\); 40 W m\(^{-2}\)) in response to the lithological controls on channel slope and valley width.
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Iyer, Gopalkrishnan R. "The role pf contracts, informal agreements and coalitions in assuring downstream coordination /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172149/.

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Books on the topic "Downstream changes"

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Juracek, Kyle E. Channel-bed elevation changes downstream from large reservoirs in Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Juracek, Kyle E. Channel-bed elevation changes downstream from large reservoirs in Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Juracek, Kyle E. Channel-bed elevation changes downstream from large reservoirs in Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Juracek, Kyle E. Channel-bed elevation changes downstream from large reservoirs in Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Juracek, Kyle E. Channel-bed elevation changes downstream from large reservoirs in Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Juracek, Kyle E. Channel-bed elevation changes downstream from large reservoirs in Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Studley, Seth E. Changes in high-flow frequency and channel geometry of the Neosho River downstream from John Redmond Dam, southeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Studley, Seth E. Changes in high-flow frequency and channel geometry of the Neosho River downstream from John Redmond Dam, southeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Studley, Seth E. Changes in high-flow frequency and channel geometry of the Neosho River downstream from John Redmond Dam, southeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Studley, Seth E. Changes in high-flow frequency and channel geometry of the Neosho River downstream from John Redmond Dam, southeastern Kansas. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Downstream changes"

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Lindschau, C., H. Haller, P. Quass, and A. Distler. "Downregulation of protein kinase C is associated with phenotypic changes and enhanced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells." In Tyrosine Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation and Downstream Signalling, 223–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78247-3_27.

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Amoo, Oseni Taiwo, Hammed Olabode Ojugbele, Abdultaofeek Abayomi, and Pushpendra Kumar Singh. "Hydrological Dynamics Assessment of Basin Upstream–Downstream Linkages Under Seasonal Climate Variability." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2005–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_116.

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AbstractThe impacts of climate change are already being felt, not only in terms of increase in temperature but also in respect of inadequate water availability. The Mkomazi River Basins (MRB) of the KwaZulu-Natal region, South Africa serves as major source of water and thus a mainstay of livelihood for millions of people living downstream. It is in this context that the study investigates water flows abstraction from headwaters to floodplains and how the water resources are been impacted by seasonal climate variability. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) pattern classifier was utilized for the seasonal classification and subsequence hydrological flow regime prediction between the upstream–downstream anomalies. The ANN input hydroclimatic data analysis results covering the period 2008–2015 provides a likelihood forecast of high, near-median, or low streamflow. The results show that monthly mean water yield range is 28.6–36.0 m3/s over the Basin with a coefficient of correlation (CC) values of 0.75 at the validation stage. The yearly flow regime exhibits considerable changes with different magnitudes and patterns of increase and decrease in the climatic variables. No doubt, added activities and processes such as land-use change and managerial policies in upstream areas affect the spatial and temporal distribution of available water resources to downstream regions. The study has evolved an artificial neuron system thinking from conjunctive streamflow prediction toward sustainable water allocation planning for medium- and long-term purposes.
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Imai, Yota, Yasunori Muto, and Mahito Kamada. "Change in Floodwater Retention Function of a Paddy Field Due to Cultivation Abandonment in a Depopulating Rural Region in Japan." In Ecological Research Monographs, 161–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_10.

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AbstractFlood control concept at watershed scale is used as an adaptation strategy for climate change; rainwater and floodwater should be stored in forests and agricultural lands in the watershed, rather than relying on only river systems; and paddy fields are important ecosystems for floodwater retention. The abandonment of paddy cultivation, however, is increasing year after year in Japan due to depopulation in rural regions. Through two-dimensional numerical inundation analysis, we evaluated the negative effects of topographical changes after abandonment on the floodwater retention function. The bipolarization of the inundation depth is apparent in the current topography. The areas with deepwater inundation are wider, particularly in the most downstream areas, whereas in the past, areas with shallow water were widely distributed. The peak water level in the current land use is 0.4 m higher than in the past. After the peak level is achieved, the water level decreases in a shorter time in the present land use than in the past. Owing to hydraulic changes after the abandonment of rice cultivation, the risk of flooding disasters for people living downstream has increased. To maintain floodwater retention function, one of the regulating services, by artificial wetlands, such as paddy fields, continuous management is essential to prevent vegetation succession. Thus, it is important to provide incentives for local people to perform the daily maintenance activities.
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Guan, Mingfang, Ming Zhang, Changhai Han, Leng Qing, and Yu Hang. "Research on the Non-constant Navigable Water Flow Conditions of the River Channel Downstream of the Navigable Facilities of Baise Water Control Project." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1522–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_135.

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AbstractThe exit of Baise ship lift on the Right River is only about 700 m away from Dongsun Hydropower Station. Its dispatching operation, especially the unsteady flow, has a direct impact on the navigable water flow conditions of the approach channel gate area and river channel downstream of the Baise ship lift. According to some characteristics of Baise Junction and Dongsun Junction and the measured topography of Baoai River, a plane two-dimensional numerical model of the research river section is constructed, and the water flow changes in the mouth area under different working conditions are simulated and calculated. The research results show that the safety of navigation in the entrance area can be guaranteed from two aspects: optimizing the operation mode of the Baise and Dongsun cascade hydropower stations, and rationally formulating the downstream ship navigation management mode. Under the operating conditions of the four units of Baise Power Station, it is recommended that the ship wait for 0.5 h after the two units in Dongsun are started, so as to avoid the maximum water level increase period in the first half hour.
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Mateusz, Hämmerling, Kałuża Tomasz, and Zaborowski Stanisław. "Sediment Transport and Changes in the River Bottom Topology Downstream of the Jeziorsko Reservoir." In Flood Handbook, 223–42. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429463938-14.

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Li, Ruonan, Qiuwen Chen, Arthur Mynett, Shiyong Wu, and Hongmei Wang. "Modeling of the Flow Changes Due to Reservoir Operations and the Impacts on Aquatic Ecosystem Downstream." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 2272–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_390.

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NGO, Chi Thanh. "Downstream Market Equilibrium and Optimal Policy for the Conventional Food Distribution System in Vietnam: An Industrial Organization Analysis." In Global Changes and Sustainable Development in Asian Emerging Market Economies Vol. 1, 241–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81435-9_18.

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Gessler, Arthur, and Juan Pedro Ferrio. "Postphotosynthetic Fractionation in Leaves, Phloem and Stem." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 381–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_13.

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AbstractStable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) in organic matter convey important integrated and (if assessed in the tree ring archive) dateable information on plant physiology and related environmental drivers. While the generation of the δ13C signal in the primary assimilates in the leaves via photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation is well understood, we still lack detailed knowledge of the processes that determine the isotopic fractionation in downstream processes in the leaves and during the transport in the stem, which in turn affect δ13C in the tree-ring archive. We here provide an update on processes that drive post-carboxylationcarbon isotope fractionation in the leaves, on potential changes in δ13C related to phloem loading and transport and we also discuss the role of stem CO2 fluxes (bark photosynthesis, stem respiration and CO2 fixation by phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase). Moreover, we address the impact of carbon storage and remobilization on the intra-annual variation of δ13C in tree rings. Finally, we point to the potential importance of the intra-molecularcarbon isotope distribution in carbohydrates for tree ring δ13C and its relation to shifts in metabolic pathways.
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Wang, Nairu, Suning Huang, Shuang Cao, Hongyu Zhang, and Taotao Zhang. "Analysis on the Characteristics of Channel Scour and Deposition in the Nanjing Reach of the Yangtze River After Impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1460–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_129.

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AbstractThe construction and operation of the Three Gorges reservoir (TGR) alters the water and sediment conditions in the downstream channels, rendering the sediment transport capacity of water flow in these downstream channels at an unsaturated state, subsequently leading to scour and affecting flood prevention. Therefore, this study statistically analyzed the variations of channel scour and deposition in the Nanjing reach since the operation of the TGR, using the measured hydrologic and channel topographic data. The results showed that, the scour in the Nanjing reach was weak during 2001–2006, but prominently intensified during 2006–2020, with the multi-year average bankfull channel scour amount being 745.5 × 104 m3/a for the entire Nanjing reach. For the period of 2020.11–2021.03 after the basin-scale big flood in 2020, the scour was further intensified, with the total bankfull channel scour amount reaching 2677 × 104 m3. Since 2006, the Nanjing reach demonstrated an overall trend of “scour in both main channel and floodplain”, and bankfull channel scour was dominant, with the scour amount being 85% of that of the flood channel scour amount. Furthermore, scour was more intense on the left bank than on the right bank. The left branch of Xinjizhou reach and its downstream reaches were all erosional, demonstrating a pattern of scour amount being larger in the upper reach and smaller in the lower reach. Also, the multi-year average scour amount was the greatest at the Longtan and Yizheng reach, while the multi-year average scour intensity was the strongest at the main reach upstream the Meizizhou bifurcated reach.
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Werners, Saskia Elisabeth, Sándor Szalai, Henk Zingstra, Éva Kőpataki, Andreas Beckmann, Ernst Bos, Kristijan Civic, et al. "Climate Change Adaptation in the Carpathian Mountain Region." In Climate Change Adaptation Strategies – An Upstream-downstream Perspective, 79–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40773-9_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Downstream changes"

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Rossow, Vernon. "Measured changes in vortex wakes with downstream distance." In 16th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2524.

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Jeong, Sangman, Kyuha Han, Joo-Heon Lee, Leehyung Kim, and Kyuho Choi. "Stream-Bed Changes Downstream of Daecheong Dam in Korea." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)372.

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Zhang, Mingjin, Yuchen Li, and Yanhua Yang. "Tendency analysis on morphologic changes of reservoir downstream river section." In 2015 International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictis.2015.7232050.

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Liu, Ke, Wenji Zhao, Xiaoyu Guo, Zhiheng Wang, and Jingmeng Wang. "Wetland Landscape Changes of Daqing River Downstream in the Last 15 Years." In 2010 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmult.2010.5631193.

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Pehar, Andjela, Jennifer M. Cole, and Jenifer R. Prosperi. "Abstract 5385: Gene expression changes downstream of APC loss predict tumor phenotype." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5385.

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Qiao, Bowen, Shota Yamada, and Gaku Tanaka. "Numerical Simulation of Vortex Shedding Downstream of a Thermoacoustic Engine Stack." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-63381.

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Abstract Thermoacoustic engines use waste heat available at a higher temperature to produce mechanical energy in the form of waves. The purpose of this study is to visualize the fluid behavior downstream of the stack of a thermoacoustic engine by applying numerical analysis and to explore the effect of vortex shedding on the temperature field. The self-sustained oscillation is reproduced by two-dimensional numerical analysis using the compressible solver of OpenFOAM, and the vorticity field and temperature field were visualized. The vortex downstream of the stack changed from symmetric to asymmetric near the peak of the flow velocity. Changes in the vortex structure by the unsteady flow caused irregular and non-uniform temperature field. It is found that the vortex significantly affects the heat transfer between the heat exchanger and the fluid.
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Eino, Jyun-Ichi, Akira Uehara, Tetsuya Wakui, Takumi Hasizume, Nobuo Miyaji, and Yoshitaka Yuuki. "Monitoring of Impulse Line Blockage Using Phase Difference Between Upstream and Downstream Pressures of Orifice." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60058.

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The combination use of a differential pressure transmitter, orifice and impulse line to produce a flowmeter is widely used in the process industries. Since the most frequent problem encountered in the usage of this flowmeter is impulse line blockage, an online blockage detection system is required. In previous works, the authors developed an indicator of impulse line blockage, called the blockage index, which is based on pressure fluctuations. Although the blockage index is able to detect the blockage effectively without being affected by the change in the flow rate and pressure, it can not detect the blockage as the rate of line pressure change increase. In addition, there are continuous and frequent line pressure changes in certain applications. Hence, the objective of this study is to detect impulse line blockages even when the line pressure change rate is so high that the blockage index is unable to detect the blockage. In this paper, the authors present details on the delay in the pressure transmission caused by the blockage, and evaluate the delay quantitatively by using the phase difference between the pressure upstream and downstream of the orifice as a new blockage index. In addition, by selecting frequencies with high power spectral densities, the new index becomes sensitive enough to detect the blockage during the more rapid line pressure changes under which the former blockage index failed.
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Chen, L. D., and S. L. Dixon. "Growth of Secondary Flow Losses Downstream of a Turbine Blade Cascade." In ASME 1985 Beijing International Gas Turbine Symposium and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-igt-35.

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End wall total pressure losses downstream of a low-speed turbine cascade have been measured at several planes in order to determine the changes in secondary flow loss coefficients and the growth of the mixing loss with distance downstream. The results obtained are compared with various published secondary flow loss correlations in an attempt to explain some of the anomalies which presently exist. The paper includes some new correlations including one for the important gross secondary loss coefficient YSG with loading and aspect ratio parameters as well as the upstream boundary layer parameters.
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Krishnan, Viswanathan, Steven D. Eppinger, and Daniel E. Whitney. "Iterative Overlapping: Accelerating Product Development by Preliminary Information Exchange." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0024.

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Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of accelerating commercial product development by overlapping adjacent functions. We formulate an approach, called iterative overlapping, in which downstream development activities start with preliminary design information and incorporate upstream design changes in subsequent iterations. In the absence of careful control, iterative overlapping could cause excessive downstream rework and result in an increase in development time. We develop models of iterations and design change to help decide when upstream design information should be committed for downstream iterations. When applied to an automobile door panel development process at a US automaker, the models suggest improvements that would reduce development time by 27%.
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Yan, Xingcheng, Josette Garnier, and Vincent Thieu. "Reservoir changes nutrient concentrations of their downstream rivers: Evidence from four reservoirs in the Seine Basin (France)." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5028.

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Reports on the topic "Downstream changes"

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Hernandez-Abram, Darixa D., Susan E. Bailey, and S. Kyle McKay. Environmental Effects of Sediment Release from Dams : Conceptual Model and Literature Review for the Kansas River Basin. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44880.

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Passing sediment from reservoirs to downstream channels is a potential solution to aging infrastructure and reservoir storage capacity loss, which is a pressing challenge nationwide. The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) sediment management actions at reservoirs such as flushing may drive ecological changes that may be beneficial or detrimental to downstream ecosystems. However, these potential effects are currently not well understood or documented. An exploratory study of the potential ecological effects of releasing sediment downstream from reservoirs is presented in this technical note (TN). We focus on Tuttle Creek Reservoir in Kansas and use fish species as indicators of ecological change. A literature review of Kansas fishes was conducted and three conceptual models illustrating potential benefits or negative effects of releasing sediment downstream of Tuttle Creek Reservoir was developed. Some fish species may benefit from sediment releases, while others may be negatively affected. Further research and tools are needed to develop a greater understanding of these effects.
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Corum, Zachary, Ethan Cheng, Stanford Gibson, and Travis Dahl. Optimization of reach-scale gravel nourishment on the Green River below Howard Hanson Dam, King County, Washington. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43887.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, nourishes gravel downstream of Howard Hanson Dam (HHD) on the Green River in Washington State. The study team developed numerical models to support the ongoing salmonid habitat improvement mission downstream of HHD. Recent advancements in computing and numerical modeling software make long-term simulations in steep, gravel, cobble, and boulder river environments cost effective. The team calibrated mobile-bed, sediment-transport models for the pre-dam and post-dam periods. The modeling explored geomorphic responses to flow and sediment regime changes associated with HHD construction and operation. The team found that pre-dam conditions were significantly more dynamic than post-dam conditions and may have had lower spawning habitat quality in the project vicinity. The team applied the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model to the site and then calibrated to the post-dam gravel augmentation period. The team implemented a new hiding routine in HEC-RAS that improved the simulated grain size trends but underestimated coarse sediment transport. Models without the hiding function overestimated grain size but matched bed elevations and mass flux very well. Decade-long simulations of four future gravel nourishment conditions showed continued sediment storage in the reach. The storage rate was sensitive to nourishment mass and grain size.
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Donohue, Patrick, Ronald Copeland, and James Lewis. Technical assessment of the Old, Mississippi, Atchafalaya, and Red (OMAR) Rivers : Atchafalaya River HEC-6T model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45161.

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The HEC-6T one-dimensional numerical sedimentation model was used to evaluate the long-term and system-wide sedimentation effects of modifying the operation schedule at the Old River Control Complex (ORCC). The changes evaluated were increasing and decreasing the percentage of flow that is diverted to the Atchafalaya River from the Mississippi River at the ORCC and modifying the distributions through the four ORCC structures. Sedimentation effects for several operation scenarios were compared to a Base Condition that represented the existing operation protocols. Additionally, a dredging scenario was developed and analyzed. This scenario featured dredging material from the Mississippi River and depositing it into the Outflow Channel, downstream of the ORCC. The predictive simulations extended for 50 years. The model was used to calculate and compare sand transport past various gages along the Atchafalaya River. Also, the model compared differences in water surface elevations and bed elevations using a specific gage analysis at several gages along the Atchafalaya River. Last, the effects of the various scenarios on annual dredging requirements in Berwick Bay were also determined.
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory B. Martin. molecular link from PAMP perception to a MAPK cascade associated with tomato disease resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597918.bard.

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The research problem: The detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a key mechanism by which plants activate an effective immune response against pathogen attack. MAPK cascades are important signaling components downstream of PRRs that transduce the PAMP signal to activate various defense responses. Preliminary experiments suggested that the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase (RLCK) Mai5 plays a positive role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and interacts with the MAPKKK M3Kε. We thus hypothesized that Mai5, as other RLCKs, functions as a component PRR complexes and acts as a molecular link between PAMP perception and activation of MAPK cascades. Original goals: The central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Mai5 and M3Kε regulate plant immunity. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine the spectrum of PAMPs whose perception is transmitted by M3Kε; 2. Identify plant proteins that act downstream of M3Kε to mediate PTI; 3. Investigate how and where Mai5 interacts with M3Kε in the plant cell; 4. Examine the mechanism by which Mai5 contributes to PTI. Changes in research directions: We did not find convincing evidence for the involvement of M3Kε in PTI signaling and substituted objectives 1 and 3 with research activities aimed at the analysis of transcriptomic profiles of tomato plants during the onset of plant immunity, isolation of the novel tomato PRR FLS3, and investigation of the involvement of the RLCKBSKs in PTI. Main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Functional characterization of Mai5. The function of Mai5 in PTI signaling was demonstrated by testing the effect of silencing the Mai5 gene by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments and in cell death assays. Domains of Mai5 that interact with MAPKKKs and subcellular localization of Mai5 were analyzed in detail. 2. Analysis of transcriptional profiles during the tomato immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae (Pombo et al., 2014). We identified tomato genes whose expression is induced specifically in PTI or in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Thirty ETI-specific genes were examined by VIGS for their involvement in immunity and the MAPKKK EPK1, was found to be required for ETI. 3. Dissection of MAP kinase cascades downstream of M3Kε (Oh et al., 2013; Teper et al., 2015). We identified genes that encode positive (SGT and EDS1) and negative (WRKY1 and WRKY2) regulators of the ETI-associated cell death mediated by M3Kε. In addition, the MKK2 MAPKK, which acts downstream of M3Kε, was found to interact with the MPK3 MAPK and specific MPK3 amino acids involved interaction were identified and found to be required for induction of cell death. We also identified 5 type III effectors of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonaseuvesicatoria that inhibited cell death induced by components of ETI-associated MAP kinase cascades. 4. Isolation of the tomato PRR FLS3 (Hind et al., submitted). FLS3, a novel PRR of the LRR-RLK family that specifically recognizes the flagellinepitope flgII-28 was isolated. FLS3 was shown to bind flgII-28, to require kinase activity for function, to act in concert with BAK1, and to enhance disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. 5. Functional analysis of RLCKs of the brassinosteroid signaling kinase (BSK) family.Arabidopsis and tomato BSKs were found to interact with PRRs. In addition, certain ArabidospsisBSK mutants were found to be impaired in PAMP-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized new molecular components of signaling pathways mediating recognition of invading pathogens and activation of immune responses against them. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease.
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Leach, Roland M., Carol V. Gay, Mark Pines, and Shmuel Hurwitz. Developing Nutritional-Management Protocols which Prevent Tibial Dyschondroplasia. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573994.bard.

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The objectives of this proposal were (1) to develop early age short-term restrict feeding protocols which eliminate the incidence of TD without compromising market weight performance and (2) monitor the components of the PTH/PTHrP cascade in conjunction with the development of the protocols in Objective 1. In this investigation it was established that changes in gene expression associated with TD occur as early as 13 days of age. This means that management strategies for the control of this disease must be established during the initial two weeks of rearing. In order to determine a focus for these management strategies, attempts were made to identify the metabolic defect responsible for tibial dyschondroplasia. Therefore, the parathyroid hormone/parathyrod related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) cascade of events was investigated. This emphasis was based on the fact that many nutritional factors that influence TD could be operating through this system. Secondly, the receptor for these peptides acts as the gatekeeper of chondrocyte differentiation. Examination of many aspects of this cascade led to the conclusion that TD is not the direct result of perturbation of this PTH/PTHrP receptor but is likely to develop from an interruption of a pathway downstream from this receptor.
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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Elbakidze, Levan, Yuelu Xu, Philip Gassman, Jeffrey Arnold, and Haw Yen. Climate Change and Downstream Water Quality in Agricultural Production: The Case of Nutrient Runoff to the Gulf of Mexico. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30153.

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Dilshad, T., A. Syed, T. Hassan, N. Uddin, J. Ferdous, and S. Gupta. Seminar Proceedings on Climate Change Adaptations in River Basins: Upstream and Downstream Linkages; 5 September 2018 at Pan Pacific Sonargaon Hotel, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.895.

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Hing, Vutha, Shandre Thangavelu, and Ratha Kong. Technology, Innovation, and Firm Competitiveness: Firm Level Analysis in Cambodia. Asian Development Bank Institute, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/biws9085.

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We examine the innovation and competitiveness of firms, especially with regard to the channels of technology transfer and the nature of innovation activities that influence firm performance in Cambodia's economy. Despite the growing importance of innovation, there has been no empirical analysis of the factors affecting technological and innovative development and the impact that these factors have on firms’ productivity in Cambodia. We use the World Bank Enterprise Survey for Cambodian enterprises for our empirical implementation. The results of the research indicate that overseas linkages that include both upstream and downstream activities could affect productivity growth at both firm and industry levels. We also find that technology and innovation have a positive impact on the productivity of firms in Cambodia.
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Buttigieg, Pier Luigi. Guidance on Versioning of Digital Assets. HMC Office, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/hmc_publ_04.

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Versioning of data and metadata is a crucial - but often overlooked - topic in scientific work. Using the wrong version of a (meta)data set can lead to drastically difference outcomes in interpretation, and lead to substantial, propagating downstream errors. At the same time, past versions of (meta)data sets are valuable records of the research process which should be preserved for transparency and complete reproducibility. Further, the final version of (meta)data sets may actually include errors that previous versions did not. Thus, careful version control is the foundation for trust in and broad reusability of research and operational (meta)data. This document provides an introduction to the principles of versioning, technical recommendations on how to manage version histories, and discusses some pitfalls and possible solutions. In the first part of this document, we present examples of change processes that require proper management and introduce popular versioning schemes. Finally, the document presents recommended practices for researchers as well as for infrastructure developers.
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