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Xu, Chun Hua. "Down-Shift Control for Wet Dual Clutch Transmission Based on FCMAC." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1800–1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1800.
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In order to solve the problems existed in gearshift with wet dual clutch transmission; the down-shift control strategy is developed on the basis of analysis on gear shift process. Clutch pressure intelligent control arithmetic based on FCMAC (Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller) is designed to realize accuracy control of clutch pressure. The transmission control unit is designed, and the control program is written. Taking down-shift from 2 to 1 for example, down-shifting control strategy was drawn. After applied the introduced method into the experiments on both power-on and power-off downshift under different throttle positions, ideal shifting quality was achieved. The result indicated that the speed of vehicle changed gently without distinct impact. This essay verifies the validity of the proposed method of the strategy of shifting control.
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Liu, Ni, Ling Xu, Hongyu Wang, Jun Xu, Weining Su, Wei li, Zhongyuan Ma, and Kunji Chen. "Improved efficiency of ZnSe QDs—Si hybrid solar cell system by down shifting process." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 7/8 (July 2014): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0550.
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Traditional Si solar cells have a narrow active absorption cross section among the short wavelength range (200–400 nm). The down-shifting process can efficiently improve the spectral response of Si solar cells by converting shorter wavelengths (i.e., ultraviolet, UV) to longer wavelengths (i.e., the visible range). Here, ZnSe quantum dots (QDs), prepared by an aqueous solution method and employed as a luminescent down-shifting layer, were spin coated onto the upper surface of manufactured Si solar cells. Measurements under standard test conditions (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2) show that the efficiency of the ZnSe QDs–Si hybrid solar cell is increased from 11.48% to12%. The improvement of the ZnSe QDs–Si hybrid solar cell is ascribed to the efficient down-shifting process of ZnSe QDs, which enhances spectra response in the UV region for Si solar cells. The mechanism of this optical coupling and efficiency enhancement is investigated in detail. These results support the case that low-cost ZnSe QDs can be employed as efficient down-shifting material on large-area solar cells.
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Lin, Zhi Wei, Li Da, Hao Wang, Wei Han, and Fan Lin. "The Comparison of the Effect of Haimming Window and Blackman Window in the Time-Scaling and Pitch-Shifting Algorithms." Advanced Engineering Forum 1 (September 2011): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.1.221.
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The real-time pitch shifting process is widely used in various types of music production. The pitch shifting technology can be divided into two major types, the time domain type and the frequency domain type. Compared with the time domain method, the frequency domain method has the advantage of large shifting scale, low total cost of computing and the more flexibility of the algorithm. However, the use of Fourier Transform in frequency domain processing leads to the inevitable inherent frequency leakage effects which decrease the accuracy of the pitch shifting effect. In order to restrain the side effect of Fourier Transform, window functions are used to fall down the spectrum-aliasing. In practical processing, Haimming Window and Blackman Window are frequently used. In this paper, we compare both the effect of the two window functions in the restraint of frequency leakage and the performance and accuracy in subjective based on the traditional phase vocoder[1]. Experiment shows that Haimming Window is generally better than Blackman Window in pitch shifting process.
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Tao, Jing, Yaru Ni, Chunhua Lu, and Zhongzi Xu. "Harvesting uniform and high bright Sm complex via microwave ultrasound method." Functional Materials Letters 08, no. 01 (February 2015): 1550004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604715500046.
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The uniform ball-like luminescence down-shifting (LDS) Sm ( TTA )3 Phen materials have been synthesized by microwave ultrasonic method. Microwave ultrasonic plays a synergistic effect of microwave with ultrasonic, including thermal effect, dipole vortex and air bombard make the particles aggregation reach to the lowest energy. Through this method, we successfully synthesised 1–4 μm ball-like uniform Sm ( TTA )3 Phen clusters. The Sm ( TTA )3 Phen can transfer violet light to red-orange flourescence with a feature large Stokes shift and completely avoid self-absorption losses.
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CHENG, ZUJUN, LIKUN PAN, FENFANG SU, MEILING CAO, and ZHUO SUN. "Eu3+ DOPED SILICA FILM AS LUMINESCENT DOWN-SHIFTING LAYER FOR CRYSTALLINE Si SOLAR CELLS." Surface Review and Letters 16, no. 05 (October 2009): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x09013141.
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Eu3+ doped silica films have been prepared by sol–gel method and employed as luminescent down-shifting layer on the front side of a crystalline Si solar cell to improve their conversion efficiency. Measurements under standard test conditions (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2) show the conversion efficiency of Si solar cell with silica film containing Eu 3+ is improved 9.5% maximally as compared to the Si solar cell with pure silica film. However, high Eu 3+ concentration is not encouraged because concentration quenching effect will decrease the efficiency of the solar cell.
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Yadav, R. V., R. S. Yadav, A. Bahadur, and S. B. Rai. "Down shifting and quantum cutting from Eu3+, Yb3+ co-doped Ca12Al14O33 phosphor: a dual mode emitting material." RSC Advances 6, no. 11 (2016): 9049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23117e.
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Leyre, Sven, Jan Cappelle, Guy Durinck, Aimi Abass, Johan Hofkens, Geert Deconinck, and Peter Hanselaer. "The use of the adding-doubling method for the optical optimization of planar luminescent down shifting layers for solar cells." Optics Express 22, S3 (April 1, 2014): A765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.00a765.
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Ben-David, Anat. "Counter-archiving Facebook." European Journal of Communication 35, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323120922069.
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The article proposes archival thinking as an analytical framework for studying Facebook. Following recent debates on data colonialism, it argues that Facebook dialectically assumes a role of a new archon of public records, while being unarchivable by design. It then puts forward counter-archiving – a practice developed to resist the epistemic hegemony of colonial archives – as a method that allows the critical study of the social media platform, after it had shut down researcher’s access to public data through its application programming interface. After defining and justifying counter-archiving as a method for studying datafied platforms, two counter-archives are presented as proof of concept. The article concludes by discussing the shifting boundaries between the archivist, the activist and the scholar, as the imperative of research methods after datafication.
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Dawi, Klara, Didi Haryono, Anita Yuliastini, and Agustinus Astono. "Restorative Justice Paradigm of Kanayat'n Dayak Customary Law on Environmental Damage Caused By Shifting Cultivation." Jurnal Analisis Hukum 5, no. 2 (September 25, 2022): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jah.v5i2.3918.
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The culture of farming and clearing land has existed since the transition of primitive humans to the modern age, as has the agricultural culture of the Dayak Kanayat’n indigenous people, which has been handed down from their predecessors for generations is currently evolving. The Kanayat’n Dayak are a sub-tribe of the Dayak who reside primarily in West Kalimantan on the island of Kalimantan. The Dayak Kanayat’n indigenous people are predominantly traditional farmers using traditional farming techniques. Agriculture is a part of the culture; agricultural techniques give rise to a farming culture, which absorbs local practices in cultivating the land. The pattern of land clearing can deduce the traditional nature of this agriculture. Conventional Dayak kanayat’n farmers clear the ground by identifying the area, chopping down the vegetation, and burning the remnants. This method of land clearance employed by the indigenous Dayak Kanyat‘n is also known as shifting cropping. This shifting cultivation activity has a positive aspect, namely the development and preservation of traditional Dayak kanayat’n agricultural culture customs. Still, it also has a wrong side, environmental damage, if carried out in large quantities and without measurement. This research focuses on the sociological juridical approach. Methods of data collection employing both primary and secondary legal materials. Article 80 of the Provisions for the Traditional Deliberation in Sengah Temila District, dated March 12-13, 2010, stipulates the administration of restorative justice to farmers who violate Dayak Kanayat customary law and cause forest fires. The sanction is Siam Pahar Pangalabur Temenggung.
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Lalthankhumi, R., and Joseph Lalmalsawma. "Agricultural Practices in Lawngtlai Rural Development Block of Mizoram." Senhri Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.36110/sjms.2020.05.02.001.
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Agriculture constitutes one of the major sources of income among the people of Mizoram. The areas used for cultivation in Mizoram are usually slashed and burnt down to ashes and are abandoned for years, the land is used and the same plot is re-use after 3-5 years. More than half of the total population is either directly or indirectly involved in agriculture. However, the income from agriculture is less than 5% of the State Gross Domestic Product (State Economic Report, 2015). In the last few decades Mizoram witnessed several changes in agriculture pattern as many farmers have been shifting from cultivation to small- scale agricultural farming. This paper highlights the transformation of agricultural practices and the major factors affecting agricultural production and attempt is made to examine the prevailing socio- economic aspects associated with farmers with special reference to Lawngtlai Rural Development Block and a questionnaire method was used for collecting relevant information for the purpose. The research found that there exist major transformations of agricultural practices in the last couple of decades. The cycle of shifting agriculture period has been shortened drastically. It is also revealed that farmers are gradually adopting settled farming from shifting agriculture and that government intervention and assistance has been increasing more and more in this field. It is suggested that agricultural practice be transformed from jhuming to settled farming and from cultivating the traditional crops to cash crops with governmental and institutional support for shifting to higher income in agricultural and horticultural crops.
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Eggers, Kurt, and Eira Jansson-Verkasalo. "Auditory Attentional Set-Shifting and Inhibition in Children Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 11 (November 9, 2017): 3159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0096.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether previously reported parental questionnaire-based differences in attentional shifting and inhibitory control (AS and IC; Eggers, De Nil, & Van den Bergh, 2010) would be supported by direct measurement of AS and IC using a computer task. Method Participants were 16 Finnish children who stutter (CWS; mean age = 7.06 years) and 16 Finnish children who do not stutter (mean age = 7.05 years). Participants were matched on age (±8 months) and gender. AS and IC were assessed by the auditory set-shifting task of the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks (De Sonneville, 2009). Results No group differences were found for the speed of auditory AS or IC. However, CWS, as a group, scored significantly lower on the accuracy (error percentage) of auditory AS. In addition, CWS, compared with the children who do not stutter, showed a higher increase in error percentages under AS and IC conditions. Conclusions The findings on error percentages partly corroborate earlier questionnaire-based findings showing difficulties in CWS on AS and IC. Moreover, it also seems to imply that CWS are less able to slow down their responses to achieve higher accuracy rates.
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Do, Hyung-jin, and Se-hoon Oh. "CVT for a Small Electric Vehicle Using Centrifugal Belt Pulley." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 8800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238800.
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In a conventional continuously variable transmission (CVT), the belt slides up and down along the slope of the pulley to shift gears. Efficiency is reduced because of slippage from the shifting of the belt. In this study, the centrifugal belt pulley for CVT were investigated. Instead of applying the belt slip method, a rail groove was machined on the side of the pulley, and a push piece pushed the belt up by centrifugal force along the rail groove. The CVT was designed and manufactured using this mechanism. A CVT tester was manufactured to validate the performance of the proposed transmission. The suitability of the CVT was verified through structural analysis.
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Li, Xu, Dian Hua Zhang, Peng Fei Wang, and Wen Xue Zhang. "Analysis of Contact Pressure between Rolls under Non-Symmetrical Roll Bending of UCM Cold Rolling Mill." Advanced Materials Research 145 (October 2010): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.145.80.
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. For UCM cold rolling mill, the intermediate roll shifting can enhance the ability of mill for better flatness control, but it will increase the non-uniform distribution of pressure between rolls, as result of a reduced roll life. In order to improve the contact state among rolls in rolling processes and to slow down the roll wear, the distribution of pressure between rolls under different forms of roll bending control has been calculated and analyzed by the influence function method in this paper. For the purpose of obtaining comprehensive information, not only the distributions of pressure between rolls with traditional work roll symmetrical bending and intermediate roll symmetrical bending have been analyzed, but also the distributions of pressure between rolls with non-symmetrical roll bending have been analyzed. All the analyses show that the work roll non-symmetrical bending as well as the intermediate roll non-symmetrical bending can play an important role in the slowing down of roll wear.
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Ratna, Anggi, and Ichwan Suyudi. "Category Shift Translation of Noun Phrase in The Cruella Movie Script and Its Translation." International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) 2, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/ijeal.v2i2.1505.
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Each language has its own structure of grammar. The Indonesian language has a different rule of grammar structure from English. As Catford stated, there is a correlation between translation and linguistics. Shifting translation is helpful in learning how a unit of different levels can be brought down to create interesting structures. This paper is aimed to find the category shift of noun phrases in the Cruella movie script and its translation. The method used is a qualitative method. This paper is used Catford’s shift translation theory to analyze the data. As the result, there are 54 data for structure shift, 3 data for a class shift, 7 data for unit shift and 21 data for the intra-system shift. There are also 2 data which represent untranslated noun phrases. The total data found is 87 data.
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Jeong, Woo-Lim, Junsung Jang, Jihun Kim, Soo-Kyung Joo, Mun-Do Park, Hoe-Min Kwak, Jaeyoung Baik, Hyeong-Jin Kim, Jin Hyeok Kim, and Dong-Seon Lee. "Improving Ultraviolet Responses in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin-Film Solar Cells Using Quantum Dot-Based Luminescent Down-Shifting Layer." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051166.
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Quantum dot (QD)-based luminescent down-shifting (LDS) layers were deposited on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells via the drop-casting method. The LDS layers can easily widen the narrow absorption wavelength regions of single-junction solar cells and enable improvement of the short-circuit current. The optical properties of LDS layers deposited on glass and containing different QD contents were analyzed based on their transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance. The absorber films to be used in the CZTSSe solar cells were determined by X-ray diffraction measurements and Raman spectroscopy to determine their crystal structures and secondary phases, respectively. The completed CZTSSe solar cells with LDS layers showed increased ultraviolet responses of up to 25% because of wavelength conversion by the QDs. In addition, the impact of the capping layer, which was formed to protect the QDs from oxygen and moisture, on the solar cell performance was analyzed. Thus, a maximal conversion efficiency of 7.3% was achieved with the 1.0 mL QD condition; furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that LDS layers have been experimentally demonstrated for CZTSSe solar cells.
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FAIZAL, MIR. "NONCOMMUTATIVITY AND NON-ANTICOMMUTATIVITY PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM GRAVITY." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 13 (April 30, 2012): 1250075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312500757.
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In this paper, we will study perturbative quantum gravity on supermanifolds with both noncommutativity and non-anticommutativity of spacetime coordinates. We shall first analyze the BRST and the anti-BRST symmetries of this theory. Then we will also analyze the effect of shifting all the fields of this theory in background field method. We will construct a Lagrangian density which apart from being invariant under the extended BRST transformations is also invariant under on-shell extended anti-BRST transformations. This will be done by using the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) formalism. Finally, we will show that the sum of the gauge-fixing term and the ghost term for this theory can be elegantly written down in superspace with a two Grassmann parameter.
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Meng, Pu Hui, Da Yong Wang, and Yun Xin Wang. "Short-Coherence Light Source Digital Holography Imaging Using Light-Emitting Diodes." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 2281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.2281.
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Light-emitting diode (LED) is a kind of short-coherence light source, and it can generate time gating effect and reduce the speckle noises in digital holography. Meanwhile, it can cut down the cost of the setup since LED is cheaper than laser. In this paper, an in-line digital holography setup was designed with LED, and the holograms were reconstructed by four-step phase shifting method. Comparing with the phase image obtained by the laser-based setup, results show that the phase image of USAF test target possesses lower speckle noises with the help of LED. Finally, we reconstruct a series of intensity images with different depths of a coin, and these images are fused to get a synthesized image with more information.
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Höglund, Johan, and Martin Willander. "Black Hawk-Down: Adaptation and the Military-Entertainment Complex." Culture Unbound 9, no. 3 (February 1, 2018): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1793365.
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This article investigates the non-fiction book Black Hawk Down (1999) by Mark Bowden, Black Hawk Down the movie (2001) directed by Ridley Scott, and the computer game Delta Force: Black Hawk Down (2003). The article suggests that while the movie and the game must be studied as adaptations of the first text, the tools developed by adaptation studies, and that are typically used to study the transfer of narratives from one media form to another, do not suffice to fully describe the ways in which these narratives change between iterations. To provide a more complete account of these adaptations, the article therefore also considers the shifting political climate of the 9/11 era, the expectations from different audiences and industries, and, in particular, the role that what James Der Derian has termed the Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment Network (MIME-Net) plays in the production of narrative. The article thus investigates how a specific political climate and MIME-Net help to produce certain adaptations. Based on this investigation, the article argues that MIME-Net plays a very important role in the adaptation of the Black Hawk Down story by directing attention away from historical specificity and nuance, towards the spectacle of war. Thus, in Black Hawk Down the movie and in Delta Force: Black Hawk Down, authenticity is understood as residing in the spectacular rendering of carnage rather than in historical facts. The article concludes that scholarly investigations of the adaptation of military narratives should combine traditional adaptation studies tools with theory and method that highlight the role that politics and complexes such as MIME-Net play within the culture industry.
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Sri Rejeki, Cicelia Susanti. "Developing Instagram Marketing Strategy in Sleep Aid Industry Study Case of Savlee Indonesia." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1014.
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The rising of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia affected to higher awareness on health issue including sleeping issue. It also caused higher internet penetration including on shifting offline business to digital platform including social media. Savlee is Indonesian company which is combining neuroscience, pharmaceutical, and psychological approach on producing sleep aid products using natural ingredients and running its business primarily on Instagram. As a small business which utilize Instagram as its primary marketing channel, Savlee gains opportunity to turn the phenomenon of shifting behavior as an advantage. In order to stand out on social media and grab market awareness, this study aims to assess, improve, and optimize the performance of Savlee’s Instagram marketing strategy. An Instagram marketing should be developed by considering latest trend on social media, characteristic and needs of audience, and vision of Savlee. This study is conducted using problem solving method by assessing external and internal factors that affected Instagram marketing strategy of Savlee and narrowing down the finding of the research as root causes using Fishbone analysis. As a result, the implication of this research is gained implemented solutions and its action plan on penetrating more engaging and effective Instagram marketing strategy which require financial support and improvement on human resource’s skills.
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Llanos, J., I. Brito, D. Espinoza, Ramkumar Sekar, and P. Manidurai. "A down-shifting Eu 3+ -doped Y 2 WO 6 /TiO 2 photoelectrode for improved light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (February 2018): 171054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171054.
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Y 1.86 Eu 0.14 WO 6 phosphors were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. Their optical properties were analysed, and they was mixed with TiO 2 , sintered, and used as a photoelectrode (PE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The as-prepared photoelectrode was characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC with TiO 2 :Y 1.86 Eu 0.14 WO 6 (100:2.5) was 25.8% higher than that of a DSCC using pure TiO 2 as PE. This high efficiency is due to the ability of the luminescent material to convert ultraviolet radiation from the sun to visible radiation, thus improving the solar light harvesting of the DSSC.
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Nugroho, Bedhah Adityo, and Janianton Damanik. "Dinamika Aktor dalam Forum Komunikasi Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan di Kabupaten Tuban." Journal of Social Development Studies 1, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsds.208.
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The divergent of actors within communicaton forum influence the changing of institution’s characters and escalate the interest contestation. The objective of this study is elucidating the dynamic relations and interaction among actors under the authoritative organization in Tuban district. This article employed qualitative method which uses literatures, documentations, observations, and in-dept interviews. The latest method relies on eleven central informants that represent company, country, and society who have relation with CSR Communication Forum in Tuban. Th result shows that the main actor who initiate the emergence of CSR Communication Forum is country, thus affect the nature of institution which more instructive (top-down) and state-centric. The local government is dominating the forum and other actors use the local regulation to produce dependency of company to country. In addition, shifting of power from regulation based to interest based create institution dilemma, institution disorientation and competition of resources among actors. Although using CSR governance, the political dynamics and institution development have not achieved its optimum result.
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Polem, Meutia Noor Alizah. "Translation Shift of Chinese-Indonesian Subtitle in Our Times Movie." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 1164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i2.3151.
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Movie is an art which has an aesthetic purpose. It is used to be a form of entertainment, but as time goes by, movie can be used as a media to spread certain messages to the public. One of those movies is from China and the language is Chinese. Therefore, it is necessary to have a movie translation from Chinese to Indonesian, which uses subtitle translation. In a process of translation, the shifting of translation is found for most of the time. This research aims to find out two problems of the research. First, the translation shift form from the result of translation subtitle. Second, the form of shifting translation mostly found in the subtitle of movie called Our Times. The object of this research is the Our Times movie《我的少女时代》wŏ de shăonǚ shídài. The film is in Chinese with Chinese subtitles and translated into Indonesian. This research only focuses on shifting the translation results in Mandarin-Indonesian subtitles on the Our Times movie《我的少女时代》wŏ de shăonǚ shídài. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with the approach of instrumental study. The result of the research shows that the subtitle of Our times movie there are 86 data divided into six kinds of translation shift, which are about: Structure Shift (37,21%); Intra Shift System (19,77%); Level Shift (12,79%); Down Rank Shift (11,63%); Class Shift (9,30%); and Up Rank Shift (9,30%). Due to the difference in grammatical structure and the culture which are supported by the use of translation procedures and techniques.
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Bolobanova, N. L., and E. A. Garber. "Numerical simulation of slab deformation process with different reduction values in vertical rolls of mill 2000 roughing stands." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-675-681.
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Perfection of rolled stock production processes at continuous wide-strip hot rolling mill (CWHRM) aimed at minimization of metal consumption, is an effective mean to decrease its cost. In the process of slabs rolling at CWHRM, the metal consumption is stipulated first of all by complicated workpiece forming in roughing stands during consecutive reduction by vertical and horizontal rolls. Results of the numerical study of slab deformation with different values of reduction in vertical rolls of roughing stands of mill 2000 are presented. The implementation of rolling process model based on application of DEFORM-3D program of finiteelement analysis described for evaluation of metal shifting from the edges of slab in the direction of the middle of the width. The convergence of the simulation results with the measurements data of workpiece forming during roughing rolling at Severstal mill 2000 was experimentally confirmed. It was found that an increase of reduction in vertical rolls has no significant effect on the metal shifting from a narrow edge to a wide one. Increase the total reduction in vertical rolls leads to an unfavorable stress-strain state of the edge region and the Cockcroft–Latham criterion rises by 20–30%. It was proposed to reduce the total reduction in the vertical rolls of the roughing stands of mill 2000 down to 40–50 mm. It was shown that increase of time of slab moving from the heating furnace to the scale breaker causes growth the Cockcroft-Latham criterion and does not affect the amount of metal shifting from a narrow face to a wide one. The proposed method of simulation the process of slab deformation in the roughing group of the mill 2000 proved by results of industrial rolling can to be used for further study of the effect of rolls profiling and forming of surface defects with the provision of minimal metal shifting onto a wide face.
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Maulidatus Syahrotin Naqqiyah, Zidni Ilman Nafi’a, Agoes Moh. Moefad, and Ahmad Bajuri. "Dakwah Siber dan Pergeseran Religiusitas Masyarakat Kenjeran Surabaya." Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jki.2022.12.1.149-168.
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The emergence of high advanced communication and information technology has shifted the socio-religious traditions and values. This study attempts to describe the shifting of religious behaviour and values within the coastal society of Kenjeran, Surabaya City as the implications of new media intervention and the rise of cyber-based da'wah. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the results of the study show that the development of the internet and cyber da'wah has changed how Kenjeran community practices and comprehends religious values and rituals currently; first, there has been the fragmentation within Kenjeran Muslim society's religious teachings and ideology down to the family level; second, there has been a degradation of sacred values in socio-religious activities; third, the way people studying religion tend to ignore the importance of sanad (chain of transmission), which is regarded not relevant with Islamic teachings or ethics.
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Shahapure, Nagamani H., P. M. Rekha, and N. Poornima. "Threshold Compare and Load Balancing Algorithm to for Resource Optimization in a Green Cloud." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (August 13, 2021): 4465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2473.
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The reduction in the consumption of energy by the cloud data centers is called as green cloud. Green cloud also helps in restraining the waste disposed to the environment. With the increasing demand in cloud computing, there has been an increase in the energy consumption. Green cloud can be achieved by server consolidation and proper load balancing techniques using virtual machine (VM) migration. It is a feature provided by virtualization. The virtual machines are transferred from one host to another. The overhead associated with migration is performance degradation. This can be overcome by proper load balancing techniques. This helps to curtail the number of VM migrations as well as the energy consumption. In this paper, a technique called as threshold compare and load balance algorithm (TCLBA) is proposed for optimization of the resources at the cloud provider. Two types of threshold are defined for load balancing, namely the lower and upper threshold. This algorithm works on the principle of shifting the load from a server if the load is above the upper threshold or shifting to the server if its load is below the lower threshold. The load is balanced by migrating the VMs. The workload is consolidated to smaller number of hosts such that the remaining hosts are shut down. This method solves the purpose of effective utilization of available resources with lesser energy consumption.
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Settimi, Valeria, and Giuseppe Rega. "Exploiting Global Dynamics of a Noncontact Atomic Force Microcantilever to Enhance Its Dynamical Robustness via Numerical Control." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 26, no. 07 (June 30, 2016): 1630018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127416300184.
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A control technique exploiting the global dynamical features is applied to a reduced order model of noncontact AFM, aiming to obtain an enlargement of the system’s safe region in parameters space. The method consists of optimally modifying the shape of the system excitation by adding controlling superharmonics, to delay the occurrence of the global events (i.e. homo/heteroclinic bifurcations of some saddle) which trigger the erosion of the basins of attraction leading to loss in safety. The system’s main saddles and the bifurcations involving the relevant manifolds are detected through accurate numerical investigations, and their topological characterization allows the determination of the global event responsible for the sharp reduction in the system dynamical integrity. Since an analytical treatment is impossible in applying the control, a fully numerical procedure is implemented. Besides being effective in detecting the value of the optimal superharmonic to be added for shifting the global bifurcation to a higher value of forcing amplitude, the method also proves to succeed in delaying the drop down of the erosion profile, thus increasing the overall robustness of the system during operating conditions.
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Caggiani, Leonardo, Rosalia Camporeale, and Michele Ottomanelli. "Planning and Design of Equitable Free-Floating Bike-Sharing Systems Implementing a Road Pricing Strategy." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3182387.
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Promoting a more sustainable development of urban realities is one of the most important goals of the recent decades. One possible strategy to undertake in order to achieve this objective is the implementation of a road pricing: tolling private cars when passing by certain roads of the network could be a way to tone down the traffic congestion and, at the same time, encourage the shifting towards more sustainable means of transport. In this context, we suggest a method to distribute in a fair way the outcomes/revenues of this pricing strategy. In particular, we propose to design a free-floating bike-sharing system whose resources could be allocated in the territory according to spatial and social equity principles. The relation between the amount of the tolls, the number of days of application of the policy, and the pursued equity is investigated, and both a numerical application (to a test network and to a real case study) and a sensitivity analysis in support of the method are enclosed.
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Zhang, Liwei, Jingbiao Zhang, and Xiaotian Liu. "Regulating potential assessment of individual electro-heating load using similarity-based Suport Vector Machine." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part A (2019): 2813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190102195z.
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The power supply side regulating capability of the power grid is limited, and it is important to dig deep into the load side regulation capability. Electro-heating load is a time-shifting load with the characteristics of small thermal inertia, fast response, high controllability, etc. It has the potential to participate in active power dispatching and control the power grid. When the electro-heating load is working, the indoor temperature curve is affected by many factors. It has a similar influence characteristic quantity, and a similar temperature rise and fall process is exhibited in the temparature setted range. When using the traditional equivalent thermal parameter to evaluate, the outdoor temperature at the end of the warming up or cooling down process is unknown, so the regulating potential of individual electro-heating load cannot be accurately evaluated. Therefore, this paper proposes a similarity-based support vector machine single electro-heating regulating potential evaluation method, and compared with the traditional equivalent thermodynamic model, it shows that this method has higher evaluation accuracy.
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Dedes, Athanasios, and Kristaq Suxho. "Anatomy of the Higgs Boson Decay into Two Photons in the Unitary Gauge." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/631841.
Full textAbstract:
We review and clarify computational issues about theW-gauge boson one-loop contribution to theH→γγdecay amplitude, in the unitary gauge and in the Standard Model. We find that highly divergent integrals depend upon the choice of shifting momenta with arbitrary vectors. One particular combination of these arbitrary vectors reduces the superficial divergency down to a logarithmic one. The remaining ambiguity is then fixed by exploiting gauge invariance and the Goldstone Boson Equivalence Theorem. Our method is strictly realised in four dimensions. The result for the amplitude agrees with the “famous” one obtained using dimensional regularisation (DR) in the limitd→4, wheredis the number of spatial dimensions in Euclidean space. At the exact equalityd=4, a three-sphere surface term appears that renders the Ward Identities and the equivalence theorem inconsistent. We also examined a recently proposed four-dimensional regularisation scheme and found agreement with the DR outcome.
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Ghosh, Shrayosee, and Shri Kant Tripathi. "Microbial succession and changes in carbon and nitrogen during decomposition of leaf litters of Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC. and Oryza sativa L. under shifting cultivation in Mizoram, northeast India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 1032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i3.2855.
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The present study aims to understand microbial succession and dynamics of dry matter, carbon and nitrogen during the decomposition of leaf litters of Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC. and Oryza sativa L. in two fallow lands (FL) of 3 years (FL-3) and 8 years (FL-8) following shifting cultivation in Mizoram. A total of 64 microorganisms were isolated from two leaf litters by serial dilution method, out of which 13 microbes were identified as decomposers as they exhibited a positive response towards the enzyme activity. Among these 13 microorganisms, 4 (SKT 02, SKT 05, SKT 09 and SKT 020) were bacteria (Streptobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp.), 5 (SKT 033, SKT 034, SKT 035, SKT 040 and SKT045) were fungi (Microsporum sp., Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp.) and 4 (SKT 030, SKT 052, SKT 053 and SKT 060) were actinomycetes (Streptomycetes sp.). T. candida leaf litter possessed low initial Carbon/Nitrogen (8.77) and Lignin/Nitrogen ratio (2.29) and considered a high-quality resource exhibiting higher decomposition rate. Mass loss of carbon and nitrogen (~ 40-80%) was maximum during the initial two months, which slowed down in the later period of decomposition. It was concluded that the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes regulate organic matter and nutrient dynamics in the soil through various enzymatic actions on high- and low-quality litters. The combination of O. sativa and T. candida litter is recommended to manage soil fertility in shifting cultivation of Mizoram,Northeast India.
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Sarma, Kiranmay, and Kamaleswar Kalita. "Climate Change Impacts on Forests and the Livelihoods of Tribal People of Northeast India." Disaster Advances 14, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1410da4045.
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The degradation of forest lands has severe impacts on the environment and livelihoods of the people including health and socio-economic condition. One of the main drivers of forest degradation is slash-and-burn agriculture practiced traditionally in the hills of tropics and it accounts 60 percent global forest loss every year. In northeast India, this method of agriculture is practiced extensively and about 0.45 million families are involved in this activity. The forest area covered annually by this cultivation is about 10,000 km2. At present in northeast, the estimated land under shifting cultivation or jhum is estimated to be 44,000 km2. Loss of forests due to shifting cultivation has caused many problems ranging from floods to aridity and catastrophic losses to water quality. Besides, burnt practices of biomass release GHG (greenhouse gases) and this could play significant role for climate vulnerability in the region like northeast. Climate vulnerability significantly affects the traditional matriarchal society in many parts of tribal areas, socio-economic and ecological conditions, health and the livelihoods. In all these aspects, women are the most sufferers and vulnerable. The increasing numbers of flash floods in this region destroy the standing crops and damage the down slope areas with the debris carried by the flood water. This becomes a regular event during the rainy seasons. The rich customs and traditions of the tribal people help to develop some innovative strategies using locally available resources to overcome this type of unwanted situations.
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Darwish, Abdalla M., Sergey S. Sarkisov, Darayas N. Patel, Paolo Mele, Giovanna Latronico, Simeon Wilson, Kyu Cho, Anit Giri, Brent Koplitz, and David Hui. "Nanocolloid simulators of luminescent solar concentrator photovoltaic windows." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0064.
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Abstract Transparent luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) windows with edge-attached photovoltaic (PV) cells have the potential for improving building efficiency without compromising aesthetics and comfort. Optimization of such windows requires an inexpensive simulator for experimenting with various designs. We report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the simulator of a transparent LSC window in the form of a plastic container filled with a colloid of photoluminescent nanoparticles (NPs) in an organic solvent (1-propanol). The exemplary NPs were produced by ball milling of the powder of rare earth (RE)-doped phosphor NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ synthesized by the wet method. The NPs converted the ultraviolet (UV) solar spectrum into visible/near infrared (NIR) via spectral down-shifting and down-conversion (quantum cutting). With a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the phosphor <0.4%, the LSC at a nanocolloid concentration of ∼0.1 g solids per 100 mL liquids demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 0.34% and a power concentration ratio of ∼0.022 comparable to the LSCs with RE-doped NPs with 200 times greater PLQY. At the same time, the 3 cm thick LSC window simulator had ∼90% transmittance to the sunlight. The content and concentration of the nanocolloid could be easily modified to optimize the LSC window performance without a costly window making process.
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Ensslen, Will, and Jochem. "Simulating Electric Vehicle Diffusion and Charging Activities in France and Germany." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040073.
Full textAbstract:
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) are considered to reduce oil dependency, noise, and local air pollution as well as greenhouse gas emissions caused by road transportation. Today, the early market penetration phase has started and can be observed in many countries. But how could the diffusion and adoption of PEV be modeled to create consistent scenarios? With which PEV driving and charging behavior can these scenarios be associated and what load-shifting potentials can be derived? This work provides an answer to these questions by describing a hybrid modeling approach of a PEV diffusion scenario consisting of a top-down macro-econometric Bass model, answering the question as to at what point in time how many PEV will be on the market, and a bottom-up micro-econometric binary logistic PEV adoption model answering who is likely to adopt. This set of methods is applied to representative mobility data sets available for France and Germany in order to simulate driving and charging behaviors of potential French and German PEV adopters. In addition, a sampling method is presented, which reduces computational times while intending to remain representative of the population of PEV adopters considered. This approach enables the consideration of PEV at a detailed level in an agent-based energy system model focusing on European day-ahead markets. Results show that PEV diffusion dynamics are slightly higher in France than in Germany. Furthermore, average plug-in times, average active charging periods, average load-shifting potentials, and average energy charged per PEV differ slightly between France and Germany. Computational times can be reduced by our approach, resulting in the ability to better integrate PEV diffusion, adoption, and representative charging demand in bottom-up energy system models that simulate European wholesale electricity markets.
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Yegnanarayana, B. "Group delay spectrogram of speech signals without phase wrapping." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 3 (March 2022): 2181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009922.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a method for displaying the phase information in speech signals through group delay spectrogram, without the need for phase unwrapping. The method involves scaling down the phase values without affecting the shape of the phase or group delay function, thus preserving the information of the phase spectrum. This is accomplished using single-frequency filtering (SFF) of speech signals to obtain the instantaneous complex SFF spectrum. The SFF involves filtering a frequency-shifting signal using a resonator at half the sampling frequency. The SFF spectrum displays characteristics similar to the standard short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrum, but without the effects of truncation due to windowing operation. The objective of the present study is to show that features of speech production can also be observed in the phase information, displayed through the group delay spectrogram. The time–frequency resolution in the group delay spectrogram depends on the choice of the bandwidth of the resonator used in the SFF analysis. The speech production features displayed in the group delay spectrogram are examined for different types of speech signals at different time-frequency resolutions.
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Yang, Tianjiao, Jing Liu, Haibo Mi, Zhicheng Cao, Yiting Wang, Huichao Han, Jiahui Luan, and Zhaoxuan Wang. "An Estimating Method for Carbon Emissions of China Based on Nighttime Lights Remote Sensing Satellite Images." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042269.
Full textAbstract:
In September 2020, China proposed the achievement of the emission reduction targets of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutral” by 2030 and 2060, respectively. As an important area of energy consumption in addition to industry and transportation, the construction industry has great energy-saving potential and is gradually becoming the key to achieving China’s energy-saving and emission-reduction goals. Energy data is an important basic support for measuring carbon emissions, analyzing energy-saving potential, and formulating energy-saving targets. In order to solve the he lack of data on China’s carbon emissions, this paper uses lamplight remote sensing image data in the study. Combined with China’s eastern, central, and western regions of building carbon emissions data and the establishment of a partition of China building carbon emissions calculation model, panel data found building carbon emissions and smooth lamp brightness values between the balanced relations. After that, using the building carbon emissions models of the three regions, the building carbon emissions of 30 provinces, 360 cities, and 2778 counties in China were measured, and the changing trends and temporal and spatial directions of building carbon emissions at three spatial scales were analyzed. The results showed that although the total carbon emissions of civil buildings in China has been increasing year by year, its average annual growth rate is gradually slowing down. In addition, the temporal and spatial development directions of carbon emissions from buildings of different spatial scales are basically the same, and they all show a trend of shifting to the east.
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Yuhimenko, Vladimir, Dmitry Baimel, Moshe Sitbon, Moshe Averbukh, Simon Lineykin, and Alon Kuperman. "Hybrid Internal Combustion Engine Based Auxiliary Power Unit." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040438.
Full textAbstract:
The brief presents some principles of the ON/OFF operational strategy applied to energy management of a hybrid internal combustion engine (ICE) based auxiliary power unit (APU). It is shown that significant reduction of fuel consumption (78% for the example system presented) and maintenance expenses (80% operation time decrease was attained by the system) may be achieved by such a strategy, shifting the system operation point towards corresponding optimal region. The side effect of aggravated amount of starting events is cured by employing an actively balanced supercapacitor (SC)-based emergency starter (SCS). The SCS operates as short-time energy storage device, charging from the battery at a low rate and then providing a current burst required for proper internal combustion engine starting. Current sensorless method of automatic connection (based on bus voltage sensing) and disconnection (based on sensing the voltage across bidirectional MOSFET-based switch) of the SCS is also proposed. The proposed circuitry, successfully validated by experiments, may be arbitrarily scaled up or down according to application rating.
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Stamenkovic, Tijana, Nadezda Radmilovic, Marko Nikolic, Jelena Ercic, and Vesna Lojpur. "Structural and luminescence properties of SrGd2O4 nanocrystalline phosphor doped with Dy3+ and Sm3+." Science of Sintering 54, no. 3 (2022): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos2203295s.
Full textAbstract:
In this manuscript, down-conversion nanopowders of SrGd2O4 doped with different concentrations of either Dy3+ or Sm3+ ions were examined in detail. All samples were prepared via glycine-assisted combustion method, primarily burned at 500?C for 1.5 h and additionally calcined at 1000?C for 2 h, at ambient room temperature. The XRD analysis showed that all samples crystallize as single phase and the orthorhombic lattice SrGd2O4. TEM analysis determined high degree of crystallinity of samples with grain size of approximately 200 nm for Dy3+ doped and 150 nm for Sm3+ doped SrGd2O4. For both samples SAED confirmed that diffraction rings correspond to the hkl plane indices of SrGd2O4, while EDS confirmed presence of Dy in crystal structure. Results of luminescent characterization demonstrated all appropriate emission peaks related to either Dy3+ or Sm3+ dopant ions. Investigation of dopant concentration revealed that the lowest values of both dopants have the most prominent emission peaks, while coordinates obtained from the CIE diagram showed emission shifting with the change of concentration.
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Yushan (), Xu. "From Closed to Open: Chinese Foundations’ ‘Ways’ of Distributing Funds." China Nonprofit Review 2, no. 2 (2010): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187651410x524970.
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AbstractThis article focuses on how Chinese foundations distribute funds, i.e. the ways in which they spend their money and how these ways are changing. By reviewing the practices of numerous domestic foundations, this paper identifies two methods of distribution. These methods, referred to as the “closed way” and the “open way,” are differentiated by the fields in which funding recipient institutions work and by the ways in which foundations select funding recipients. The “closed way” tends to be monopolized, mandated top-down, bureaucratic, low-cost, and tends to involve small disbursements. While its simplicity and speed help reduce administrative costs, thereby better leveraging resources, the “closed way” may also corrode foundations’ independence and blur the boundary between governments and foundations. The “open way” tends to be open, transparent, competitive, and selective. This method of distribution facilitates the entry of donations into the civil society sector, and puts resources to work in society. A party to civil organizations’ broad progress over the last 30 years, foundations in China are shifting their methods of distribution from “closed” to “open,” a change we see expressed both in the growth of foundations’ operating partners and in the increasing use of competitive mechanisms. Taking the “open way” will increase foundations’ role in supporting the third sector and help foundations become engines of civil society in China.
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Tu, Huangwei, Yu Zhu, and Changpei Han. "RI-LPOH: Rotation-Invariant Local Phase Orientation Histogram for Multi-Modal Image Matching." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174228.
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To better cope with the significant nonlinear radiation distortions (NRD) and severe rotational distortions in multi-modal remote sensing image matching, this paper introduces a rotationally robust feature-matching method based on the maximum index map (MIM) and 2D matrix, which is called the rotation-invariant local phase orientation histogram (RI-LPOH). First, feature detection is performed based on the weighted moment equation. Then, a 2D feature matrix based on MIM and a modified gradient location orientation histogram (GLOH) is constructed and rotational invariance is achieved by cyclic shifting in both the column and row directions without estimating the principal orientation separately. Each part of the sensed image’s 2D feature matrix is additionally flipped up and down to obtain another 2D matrix to avoid intensity inversion, and all the 2D matrices are concatenated by rows to form the final 1D feature vector. Finally, the RFM-LC algorithm is introduced to screen the obtained initial matches to reduce the negative effect caused by the high proportion of outliers. On this basis, the remaining outliers are removed by the fast sample consensus (FSC) method to obtain optimal transformation parameters. We validate the RI-LPOH method on six different types of multi-modal image datasets and compare it with four state-of-the-art methods: PSO-SIFT, MS-HLMO, CoFSM, and RI-ALGH. The experimental results show that our proposed method has obvious advantages in the success rate (SR) and the number of correct matches (NCM). Compared with PSO-SIFT, MS-HLMO, CoFSM, and RI-ALGH, the mean SR of RI-LPOH is 170.3%, 279.8%, 81.6%, and 25.4% higher, respectively, and the mean NCM is 13.27, 20.14, 1.39, and 2.42 times that of the aforementioned four methods.
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Arabelos, D. N., G. Asteriadis, A. Bloutsos, M. E. Contadakis, and S. D. Spatalas. "Correlation between seismicity and barometric tidal exalting." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 5 (October 21, 2008): 1129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1129-2008.
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Abstract. Changes of barometric pressure in the area of Thessaloniki in Northern Greece were studied by analyzing a sample of 31 years of hourly measurements. The results of this analysis on the periodicities of tidal components are expressed in terms of amplitude and phases variability. An earlier investigation revealed a detectable correlation between the exalting of the amplitude parameters of the tidal waves with strong seismic events. A problem of this work was that we had compared the tidal parameters resulting from the analysis of data covering the period of one year with instantaneous seismic events, although the earthquake is the final result of a tectonic process of the upper lithosphere. Consequently, in order to increase the resolution of our method we had analyzed our data in groups of 3-months extent and the resulted amplitudes were compared with seismicity index for corresponding time periods. A stronger correlation was found in the last case. However, the estimation of tidal parameters in this case was restricted to short period (from one day down to eight hours) constituents. Therefore, a new analysis was performed, retaining the one-year length of each data block but shifting the one year window by steps of three months from the beginning to the end of the 31 years period. This way, we are able to estimate again tidal parameters ranging from periods of one year (Sa) down to eight hours (M3). The resulting correlation between these tidal parameters with a cumulative seismicity index for corresponding time intervals was remarkably increased.
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Dorscheidt, Frank, Stefan Pischinger, Johannes Claßen, Stefan Sterlepper, Sascha Krysmon, Michael Görgen, Martin Nijs, Pawel Straszak, and Abdelrahman Mahfouz Abdelkader. "Development of a Novel Gasoline Particulate Filter Loading Method Using a Burner Bench." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 4914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164914.
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In view of the deliberations on new Euro 7 emission standards to be introduced by 2025, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are already hard at work to further minimise the pollutant emissions of their vehicles. A particular challenge in this context will be compliance with new particulate number (PN) limits. It is expected that these will be tightened significantly, especially by including particulates down to 10 nm. This will lead to a substantially increased effort in the calibration of gasoline particulate filter (GPF) control systems. Therefore, it is of great interest to implement advanced methods that enable shortened and at the same time more accurate GPF calibration techniques. In this context, this study presents an innovative GPF calibration procedure that can enable a uniquely efficient development process. In doing so, some calibration work packages involving GPF soot loading and regeneration are transferred to a modern burner test bench. This approach can minimise the costly and time-consuming use of engine test benches for GPF calibration tasks. Accurate characterisation of the particulate emissions produced after a cold start by the target engine in terms of size distribution, morphology, and the following exhaust gas backpressure and burn-off rates of the soot inside the GPF provides the basis for a precise reproduction and validation process on the burner test bench. The burner test bench presented enables the generation of particulates with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 35 nm, exactly as they were measured in the exhaust gas of the engine. The elemental composition of the burner particulates also shows strong similarities to the particulates produced by the gasoline engine, which is further confirmed by matching burn-off rates. Furthermore, the exhaust backpressure behaviour can accurately be reproduced over the entire loading range of the GPF. By shifting GPF-related calibration tasks to the burner test bench, total filter loading times can be reduced by up to 93%.
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Ząbkowicz, Anna. "Jak Niemcy obniżają koszty pracy? Efekty dystrybucyjne." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 1(103) (2021): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2021.01.103.03.
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Purpose – Germany is successful in preserving cost advantage internationally while sustaining relatively high total labour costs. This proposal to explain the paradox does not rely on a purely economic analysis of wage costs but considers also non-wage costs which social security system implies but which can also be moderated by a systemic change. Research method – The analysis relies on separating economic sectors (part one) and on identifying particular parties within the social security system (part two). It aims at specific distributive effects. Results – The inter-sector and inter-regional inputs measured by wage costs explain how unit labour costs on average have been pressed down. Namely, competitive industries are able to stimulate their employees by rising wages, and to neutralize the wage-cost increases simultaneously by capturing inputs both from other sectors of national economy as well as from abroad. Accordingly, the „exposed” industries seem to be privileged by the policy of pension reforms which protect employers from continuous growth of non-wage costs shifting the burden of contribution to old-age security onto employees and state budget. Thus, the findings go further than Dustmann et al. who served as inspiration for this analysis of distributive effects.
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Khan, Goher Ali, Usman Riaz, Sara Iqbal, Tariq Aziz Qureshi, and Hina Kanwal Shafaat. "EFFECTIVENESS OF POLYETHYLENE SKIN WRAP IN PREVENTION OF HYPOTHERMIA IN PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES." PAFMJ 71, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 810–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.3569.
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Objective: To establish the effectiveness of polyethylene skin wrap in prevention of neonatal hypothermia in preterm and low birth weight neonates.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from May 2015 to Apr 2017.
Methodology: A total of 176 neonates were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, through non-probability consecutive sampling. Eighty eight newborns were randomly distributed to each of group “A” and “B” by lottery method. The intervention group “A” infants were wrapped in a polyethylene skin wrap from shoulders down while the control group “B” newborns were wrapped with conventional blankets. After shifting to neonatal intensive care unit, axillary temperatures were recorded with similar pediatric digital thermometers upon admission and after one hour and two hours following admission in the two groups.
Results: The mean temperatures measured at one hour and two hours after admission showed significant statistical improvements in the intervention group as compared to the control group (<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of polyethylene skin wrap in preterm and low birth weight neonates potentially offers a useful intervenetion in prevention of neonatal hypothermia.
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Waseda, T., K. In, K. Kiyomatsu, H. Tamura, Y. Miyazawa, and K. Iyama. "Predicting freakish sea state with an operational third generation wave model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 6 (November 6, 2013): 6257–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-6257-2013.
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Abstract. Understanding of freak wave generation mechanism has advanced and the community has reached to a consensus that spectral geometry plays an important role. Numerous marine accident cases were studied and revealed that the narrowing of the directional spectrum is a good indicator of dangerous sea. However, the estimation of the directional spectrum depends on the performance of the third generation wave model. In this work, a well-studied marine accident case in Japan in 1980 (Onomichi–Maru incident) is revisited and the sea states are hind-casted using both the DIA and SRIAM nonlinear source terms. The result indicates that the temporal evolution of the basic parameters (directional spreading and frequency bandwidth) agree reasonably well between the two schemes and therefore most commonly used DIA method is qualitatively sufficient to predict freakish sea state. The analyses revealed that in the case of Onomichi–Maru, a moving gale system caused the spectrum to grow in energy with limited down-shifting at the accident site. This conclusion contradicts the marine inquiry report speculating that the two swell systems crossed at the accident site. The unimodal wave system grew under strong influence of local wind with a peculiar energy transfer.
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Wójcik, Sylwia, Thomas Thersleff, Klaudia Gębska, Gabriela Grzybek, and Andrzej Kotarba. "Atomic-Level Dispersion of Bismuth over Co3O4 Nanocrystals—Outstanding Promotional Effect in Catalytic DeN2O." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030351.
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A series of cobalt spinel catalysts doped with bismuth in a broad range of 0–15.4 wt % was prepared by the co-precipitation method. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized by several physicochemical methods (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (µRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nitrogen adsorption analyzed with Brunaer-Emmett-Teller theory (N2-BET), work function measurements (WF)), as well as aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The optimal bismuth promoter content was found to be 6.6 wt %, which remarkably enhanced the performance of the cobalt spinel catalyst, shifting the N2O decomposition (deN2O) temperature window (T50%) down from approximately 400 °C (for Co3O4) to 240 °C (for the 6.6 wt % Bi-Co3O4 catalyst). The high-resolution STEM images revealed that the high activity of the 6.6 wt % Bi-Co3O4 catalyst can be associated with an even, atomic-level dispersion (3.5 at. nm−2) of bismuth over the surface of cobalt spinel nanocrystals. The improvement in catalytic activity was accompanied by an observed increase in the work function. We concluded that Bi promoted mostly the oxygen recombination step of a deN2O reaction, thus demonstrating for the first time the key role of the atomic-level dispersion of a surface promoter in deN2O reactions.
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Taratorkin, A., V. Derzhankii, and I. Taratorkin. "Increasing the Quality of Transient Processes in the Vehicle Transmission." Science & Technique 18, no. 6 (December 5, 2019): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-6-509-518.
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The paper shows results of an experimental and theoretical study of dynamic processes in the vehicle transmission after kinematic alignment of elements during gearshifts. The purpose of the research is increasing the quality of transient processes in the vehicle transmission. Applying an analysis of experimental results obtained through looking into dynamics of a 3-ton vehicle transmission and studying literature sources it was established that dynamic loading of the transmission after the kinematic stage of shifting (i. e. synchronizing speeds of driving and driven elements in the gearbox) is influenced by oscillations which are in the single-node mode. Solving the task of increasing transient processes is achieved by applying a method of control power redistribution. By employing simulation models a number of methods were used to regulate power redistribution. Results of computations made it possible to determine that the efficiency of power redistribution are closely related to initial conditions of the process under the study. In the progress of the research a method for identifying the initial conditions was developed. This method is based determining signatures of the torque and its derivatives. In accordance with the research results it turned out that it is appropriate to apply the ZVD (zero vibration derivation) algorithm of power redistribution for low gears (below 4th) from point of view achieving better overshoot and robustness characteristics and a satisfactory response rate level. For higher gears it is recommended that the Ramp algorithm (linear increase in the control input) be used for the cases when the response rate is not longer than period of the single-node mode of oscillations occurring in the dynamic system during a gear shift. Application of the proposed algorithms allows to bring down dynamic loading of the transmission and also to improve the comfort in vehicles.
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Korinth, Florian, Elmar Schmälzlin, Clara Stiebing, Tanya Urrutia, Genoveva Micheva, Christer Sandin, André Müller, et al. "Wide Field Spectral Imaging with Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy Using the Nod and Shuffle Technique." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 6723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236723.
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Wide field Raman imaging using the integral field spectroscopy approach was used as a fast, one shot imaging method for the simultaneous collection of all spectra composing a Raman image. For the suppression of autofluorescence and background signals such as room light, shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) was applied to remove background artifacts in Raman spectra. To reduce acquisition times in wide field SERDS imaging, we adapted the nod and shuffle technique from astrophysics and implemented it into a wide field SERDS imaging setup. In our adapted version, the nod corresponds to the change in excitation wavelength, whereas the shuffle corresponds to the shifting of charges up and down on a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) chip synchronous to the change in excitation wavelength. We coupled this improved wide field SERDS imaging setup to diode lasers with 784.4/785.5 and 457.7/458.9 nm excitation and applied it to samples such as paracetamol and aspirin tablets, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate beads, as well as pork meat using multiple accumulations with acquisition times in the range of 50 to 200 ms. The results tackle two main challenges of SERDS imaging: gradual photobleaching changes the autofluorescence background, and multiple readouts of CCD detector prolong the acquisition time.
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Kim, Kibok, Jinil Park, and Jonghwa Lee. "Fuel Economy Improvement of Urban Buses with Development of an Eco-Drive Scoring Algorithm Using Machine Learning." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154471.
Full textAbstract:
Eco-drive is a widely used concept. It can improve fuel economy for different driving behaviors such as vehicle acceleration or accelerator pedal operation, deceleration or coasting while slowing down, and gear shift timing difference. The feasibility of improving the fuel economy of urban buses by applying eco-drive was verified by analyzing data from drivers who achieved high fuel efficiencies in urban buses with a high frequency of acceleration/deceleration and frequent operation. The items that were monitored for eco-drive were: rapid take-off/acceleration/deceleration, accelerator pedal gradient, coasting rate, shift indicator violation, average engine speed, over speed, and gear shifting under low-end engine speed. The monitoring method for each monitored item was set up, and an index was produced using driving data. A fuel economy prediction model was created using machine learning to determine the contribution of each index to the fuel economy. Furthermore, the contribution of each monitoring item was analyzed using the prediction model explainer. Accordingly, points (defined as the eco-drive score) were allocated for each monitoring item. It was verified that this score can represent the eco-drive characteristics based on the relationship between the score and fuel economy. In addition, it resulted in an average annual fuel economy improvement of 12.1%.
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Eneotu, M., and P. Grassia. "Modelling foam improved oil recovery: towards a formulation of pressure-driven growth with flow reversal." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2244 (December 2020): 20200573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0573.
Full textAbstract:
The pressure-driven growth model that describes the two-dimensional (2-D) propagation of a foam through an oil reservoir is considered as a model for surfactant-alternating-gas improved oil recovery. The model assumes a region of low mobility, finely textured foam at the foam front where injected gas meets liquid. The net pressure driving the foam is assumed to reduce suddenly at a specific time. Parts of the foam front, deep down near the bottom of the front, must then backtrack, reversing their flow direction. Equations for one-dimensional fractional flow, underlying 2-D pressure-driven growth, are solved via the method of characteristics. In a diagram of position versus time, the backtracking front has a complex double fan structure, with two distinct characteristic fans interacting. One of these characteristic fans is a reflection of a fan already present in forward flow mode. The second fan however only appears upon flow reversal. Both fans contribute to the flow’s Darcy pressure drop, the balance of the pressure drop shifting over time from the first fan to the second. The implications for 2-D pressure-driven growth are that the foam front has even lower mobility in reverse flow mode than it had in the original forward flow case.
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Duong, Chen, and Chen. "Absolute Depth Measurement Using Multiphase Normalized Cross-Correlation for Precise Optical Profilometry." Sensors 19, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 4683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214683.
Full textAbstract:
In a multifrequency phase-shifting (MFPS) algorithm, the temporal phase unwrapping algorithm can extend the unambiguous phase range by transforming the measurement range from a short fringe pitch into an extended synthetic pitch of two different frequencies. However, this undesirably amplifies the uncertainty of measurement, with each single-frequency phase map retaining its measurement uncertainty, which is carried over to the final unwrapped phase maps in fringe-order calculations. This article analyzes possible causes and proposes a new absolute depth measurement algorithm to minimize the propagation of measurement uncertainty. Developed from normalized cross-correlation (NCC), the proposed algorithm can minimize wrong fringe-order calculations in the MFPS algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed measurement method could effectively calibrate the wrong fringe order. Moreover, some extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions of a captured image could be correctly reconstructed (for surface profiles). The present findings confirmed measurement precision at one standard deviation below 5.4 µm, with an absolute distance measurement of 16 mm. The measurement accuracy of the absolute depth could be significantly improved from an unacceptable level of measured errors down to 0.5% of the overall measuring range. Additionally, the proposed algorithm was capable of extracting the absolute phase map in other optical measurement applications, such as distance measurements using interferometry.