Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Double échelle'
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Wrzesniak, Aleksandra. "Modélisation double-échelle de la rupture des roches : influence du frottement sur les micro-fissures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI104/document.
Full textIn continuum damage models, the degradation of the elastic moduli, as the results of microscopic crackgrowth, is represented through damage variables. The evolution of damage variable is generally postulatedbased on the results of the experimental observations. Many such phenomenological damage modelshave been proposed in the literature. The purpose of this contribution is to develop a new procedurein order to obtain macroscopic damage evolution laws, in which the damage evolution is completelydeduced from micro-structural analysis. We use homogenization based on two-scale asymptotic developmentsto describe the overall behaviour starting from explicit description of elementary volumes withmicro-cracks. We consider quasi-brittle (time independent) and sub-critical (time dependent) criteria formicro-cracks propagation. Additionally, frictional contact is assumed on the crack faces. An appropriatemicro-mechanical energy analysis is proposed, leading to a damage evolution law that incorporates stiffnessdegradation, material softening, size effect, and unilaterality, different fracture behaviour in contactwithout and with friction. The information about micro-cracks is contained in the homogenized coefficientsand in the damage evolution law. The homogenized coefficients describe the overall response inthe presence of (possibly static) micro-cracks, as they are computed with the (quasi-) static microscopicsolution. The damage law contains the information about the evolution of micro-cracks, as a result ofthe energy balance in time during the microscopic propagation. The homogenized law is obtained in therate form. Effective coefficients are numerically computed for different crack lengths and orientations.This allows for the complete construction of the macroscopic laws. A first analysis concerns the localmacroscopic behaviour, for complex loading paths, in order to understand the behaviour predicted bythe two-scale model and the influence of micro structural parameters, like for example friction coefficient.Next, the FEM implementation of the macroscopic equations is performed and simulations for variouscompression tests are conducted. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with the experimentalresults obtained using a new true-triaxial apparatus recently developed at the Laboratory 3SRin Grenoble (France)
Keriaki, Majed. "Etude de la surface de la mer pour les simulations hyperfréquences actives et passsives par un modèle à double échelle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS0001.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose a realistic representation of the sea surface to improve simulations of remote sensing measurements above it using the double scale model of the University Catholique de Louvain. We use at first the ''bulk'' method to evaluate the momentum flux between air and sea. This method allows us to obtain a good distribution of the spectral density of waves in the regions that do not contain breaking waves, and improves the sensitivities of active and passive UCL simulations on wind speed and atmospheric stability. We showed that atmospheric stability must be taken into account in any algorithm for deducing the momentum flux using sea surface brightness temperatures. Then, we propose a model that takes into account the electromagnetic scattering by breaking zones. This model uses several approaches which exist in the literature. These approaches are generalised and gathered to obtain a unique model that estimates correctly the effects of ripples and foam coverage, composing any breaking zone, on both active and passive simulations
Oueslati, Boutheina. "Interaction entre convection nuageuse et circulation de grande échelle dans les tropiques." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1795/.
Full textThe spurious double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a systematic bias affecting state-of-the-art coupled general circulation models (GCM); there is still no consensus on its causes. The goal of this thesis is to shed some light on this outstanding problem toward the improvement of climate model performances. This work emphasizes the roles of coupled ocean-atmosphere and dynamics-thermodynamics feedbacks in the ITCZ structure. The first step was to study the response of the atmospheric GCMs ARPEGE-climat and LMDz in aquaplanet configuration, to a range of SST latitudinal distributions. The purpose was to investigate the existence of multiple precipitation regimes, explore their characteristics and untangle the mechanisms at play in regime transition. The transition from the double regime with two ITCZs to the single regime with only one ITCZ at the equator was analyzed. In both models, the transition between these regimes is mainly driven by changes in the low-level convergence that are forced by the atmospheric boundary layer temperature gradients. Model-dependent, dry and moist feedbacks intervene to reinforce or weaken the effect of the temperature forcing. Dry dynamical feedbacks are mainly driven by horizontal advection of cold subtropical air. Moist thermodynamics which are only active in LMDz; they act as negative feedbacks on low-level convergence and are associated with cooling in the stratospheric cold top and in the boundary layer by convective downdrafts. Moist processes play a crucial role in the ITCZ structure through their influence on the vertical profile of convective heating and modulation of moisture-convection feedbacks, two variables that are very sensitive to the convection scheme and, in particular, to lateral convective entrainment. The influence of lateral convective entrainment on the ITCZ structure is analyzed through a hierarchy of model configurations (coupled ocean-atmosphere, atmospheric and aquaplanet) using the CNRM-CM5 GCM. The sensitivity of the ITCZ structure to this parameter is robust across our hierarchy of models. In response to an increased entrainment rate, the realistic simulations exhibit a weakening of the southern side of the double ITCZ over the southeastern Pacific. The change in ITCZ configuration is associated with a more realistic representation of the tropical circulation driven by feedbacks between large-scale dynamics and deep convection. Together with vertical dynamics, SST and associated coupled feedbacks drive the ITCZ location. Sensitivity experiments to lateral entrainment show that ocean-atmosphere feedbacks amplify the double ITCZ bias. A multi-model analysis using CMIP5 GCMs show that the double ITCZ bias has become small in atmosphere-only simulations, and that coupled atmosphere-ocean feedbacks account for a large part of this bias in coupled simulations
Argilaga, Claramunt Albert. "FEMxDEM double scale approach with second gradient regularization applied to granular materials modelization." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI066/document.
Full textThe multi-scale FEMxDEM approach is an innovative numerical method for geotechnical problems involving granular materials. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) are simultaneously applied to solve, respectively, the structural problem at the macro-scale and the material microstructure at the micro-scale. The advantage of using such a double scale configuration is that it allows to study an engineering problem without the need of standard constitutive laws, thus capturing the essence of the material properties. The link between scales is obtained via numerical homogenization, so that, the continuum numerical constitutive law and the corresponding tangent matrix are obtained directly from the discrete response of the microstructure.Typically, the FEMxDEM approach presents some drawbacks; the convergence velocity and robustness of the method are not as efficient as in classical FEM models. Furthermore, the computational cost of the microscale integration and the typical mesh-dependency at the macro-scale, make the multi-scale FEMxDEM approach questionable for practical uses. The aim of this work is to focus on these theoretical and numerical issues with the objective of making the multiscale FEMxDEM approach robust and applicable to real-scale configurations. A variety of operators is proposed in order to improve the convergence and robustness of the method in a quasi-Newton framework. The independence of the Gauss point integrations and the element intensive characteristics of the code are exploited by the use of parallelization using an OpenMP paradigm. At the macro level, a second gradient constitutive relation is implemented in order to enrich the first gradient Cauchy relation bringing mesh-independency to the model.The aforementioned improvements makes the FEMxDEM approach competitive with classical FEM models in terms of computational cost thus allowing to perform robust and mesh-independent multi-scale FEMxDEM simulations, from the laboratory scale (e.g. biaxial test) to the engineering-scale problem, (e.g. gallery excavation).Keywords:Double scale, numerical homogenization, numerical constitutive law, elasto-plasticity, second gradient, microstructured materials, large strain, finite elements, discrete elements, Newton method, parallelization, uniqueness
Aymard, Benjamin. "Simulation numérique d'un modèle multi-échelle de cinétique cellulaire formulé à partir d'équations de transport non conservatives." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066254/document.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the numerical simulation of a biomathematical, multiscale model explaining the phenomenon of selection within the population of ovarian follicles, and grounded on a cellular basis. The PDE model consists of a large dimension hyperbolic quasilinear system governing the evolution of cell density functions for a cohort of follicles (around twenty in practice).The equations are coupled in a nonlocal way by control terms involving moments of the solution, defined on either the mesoscopic or macroscopic scale.Three chapters of the thesis, presented in the form of articles, develop the method used to simulate the model numerically. The numerical code is implemented on a parallel architecture. PDEs are discretized with a Finite Volume scheme on an adaptive mesh driven by a multiresolution analysis. Flux discontinuities, at the interfaces between different cellular states, require a specific treatment to be compatible with the high order numerical scheme and mesh refinement.A chapter of the thesis is devoted to the calibration method, which translates the biological knowledge into constraints on the parameters and model outputs. The multiscale character is crucial, since parameters are used at the microscopic level in the equations governing the evolution of the density of cells within each follicle, whereas quantitative biological data are rather available at the mesoscopic and macroscopic levels.The last chapter of the thesis focuses on the analysis of computational performances of the parallel code, based on statistical methods inspired from the field of uncertainty quantification
Trottier, Nicolas. "Modélisation des écoulement en milieux poreux fracturés : estimation des paramètres par approche inverse multi-échelle." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037933.
Full textAtiezo, Megbeme Komla. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'endommagement dynamique des matériaux fragiles sous chargements complexes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0212.
Full textIn this thesis, the modeling of dynamic damage and failure of quasi-materials is addressed using a two-scale approach based on the asymptotic homogenization method. Dynamic damage laws are obtained and numerical simulations of the associated behavior are performed for loadings corresponding to the classical three modes of Fracture Mechanics. The first dynamic model of damage is proposed for the anti-plane shear loading case (Mode III). The damage evolution law is deduced from the Griffith’s energy criterion governing the dynamic propagation of microcracks, by using the homogenization method based on asymptotic expansions. A study of the local macroscopic response predicted by the new model is conducted to highlight the influence of parameters, like the size of the microstructure and the loading rate, on the evolution of damage. Results of macroscopic simulations of dynamic failure and the associated branching instabilities are presented and compared with those reported by experimental observations. The model is implemented in a Finite-Elements/Finite-Differences code using the Matlab software environment. Numerical simulations of rapid failure in opening mode (Mode I) are using a dynamic damage law are presented subsequently. The model is deduced from a microscopic Griffith type criterion describing the dynamic mode I propagation of microcracks, using the asymptotic homogenization approach. The resulting damage law is sensitive to the rate of loading that determines the macroscopic failure mode. Numerical simulations are performed in order to identify the model predictions and the obtained numerical results are compared with the experimental ones. Different tests, like the compact tension and L-shape specimen tests for concrete, the compact compression test for the PMMA brittle polymer and the Kalthoff impact test for limestone rocks, are considered in the numerical simulations. These simulations show that the loading rate essentially determines the macroscopic crack trajectory and the associated branching patterns, in agreement with the experimental results. The law has been implemented in a finite element code Abaqus/Explicit via a VUMAT subroutine. A third model of damage is obtained for the in-plane shear mode (Mode II) through a similar double-scale approach by considering unilateral contact with friction conditions on the microcracks lips. A local study concerning the effects of normal compression and of the friction coefficient is carried out. The influence of the size of the microstructure and the rate of loading on damage evolution is analyzed at the local level. These studies are completed by structural failure simulations of PMMA specimens using the Abaqus/Explicit finite element software
Guéroult, Sébastien. "Analyse expérimentale de la saturation des milieux fibreux à double échelle de pores : application à la mise en oeuvre des matériaux composites par procédé RTM." Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0008.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms during the impregnation in a dual scale porous media. As any process consisting in an injection of liquid into a fiber preform, RTM process is prone to have void type defects. Those defects may lead to a reduction of the final mechanical properties. To address this problem of void creation during infiltration, original experimental devices have been designed to measure the saturation in fibrous media. Sensors have been developed based on the electrical properties of materials: conductivity and permittivity. The saturation results show a dependency with the capillary number. Different mechanisms for the creation and transport of voids have been highlighted. These data are then correlated with pressure measurements. The evolution of the capillary pressure as a function of the capillary number has been introduced to characterize properly the impregnations. The correlation of all the data concerning saturation and pressure allows us to propose a new analysis of the permeability in dual scale porous media. Two concepts of permeability are defined: the geometric permeability as an intrinsic characteristic of the preform and the relative permeability as a function of the saturation
Drouin, Marie. "Modélisation des écoulements turbulents anisothermes en milieu macroporeux par une approche de double filtrage." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0066/document.
Full textThis works deals with the modelling if anisothermal turbulent flows in macroporous media. This topic concerns many practical applications such as heat exchangers, nuclear reactors, canopies... Our aim is to model flows through porous matrices by means of a multi-scale approach. A macroscopic description of the flows is obtained thanks to a spatial average operator, while a statistical average operator is used to handle turbulence. The successive application of both filters leads to a loss of information. Therefore, at macroscopic scale, unknown contributions linked to turbulence (Reynolds stresses) and the presence of the solid matrix (dispersion) appear. We focus on dispersion terms. We propose a thermal dispersion model for hydrodynamically established flows. Mean temperature predictions obtained with this model are very accurate for channel flows with strong temperature and wall heat flux gradients. We also derive a wall temperature model based the mean temperature model. It gives good macroscopic results for thermally developping flows. In order to be able to simulate hydrodynamically developping flows, a turbulence model is needed. A two-scale analysis of energy transfers within the flow shows that the dynamic behaviour of unbalanced flows can be described using the dispersive kinetic energy. A turbulence model that accounts for dispersive energy is derived. It predicts very well the dynamics of a flows near a channel inlet and provides accurate boundary conditions for exit flows. Finally, a dynamic model based on the dispersive energy and its dissipation rate is proposed for the dispersion tensor
Aaboud, Bouchra. "Modélisation et simulation de la formation, la compression et le transport des bulles d'air en milieux fibreux à double échelle de pores : application au procédé RTM." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0023/document.
Full textThis work covers the problematic of air bubbles entrapped during manufacturing composite parts via the RTM process. Modeling creation, compression, and transport of this type of defaults is presented here. Likewise, a new approach of air bubble’s creation, transport modeling, simulation of porosities at dual scale of pores, and estimation of the final saturation of the preform are given
Cariou, Sophie. "Couplage hydro-mécanique et transfert dans l'argilite de Meuse/Haute-Marne : approches expérimentale et multi-échelle." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00556546.
Full textHaddar, Houssem. "Modèles asymptotiques en ferromagnétisme : couches minces et homogénéisation." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002381.
Full textBourel, Christophe. "Étude mathématique et numérique de cristaux photoniques fortement contrastés." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562138.
Full textBoitrelle, Benjamin. "Development of a double-sided ladder for tracking in high-energy physics." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE033/document.
Full textThe PLUME project develops ultra-light pixelated layers with specifications driven by the design of a vertex detector at the future e+e- International Linear Collider (ILC). The ILC will give access to final states like Hνν, as this work demonstrates for centre-of-mass energy 350GeV and a luminosity of 250 fb-1. PLUME devices exploit the concept of double-sided ladder spaved with thinned CMOS pixel sensors in order to reach a material budget of 0.35 % of radiation length. The present study validated that simultaneous operation of the 12 CMOS sensors integrated on such light ladders do not impact their electrical behaviour. Surface deformations were observed but a specific algorithm during the off- line analysis was proposed and successfully tested to preserve the native sensor spatial resolution. Finally, a measurement of the material budget of a less advanced ladder prototype has been performedat DESY test beam and yield 0.47±0.02 % of radiation length, matching the expected value
Hemmer, Julie. "Hydro-mechanical coupling in a deformable dual-scale fibrous reinforcement : from mesoscale characterization and modeling to liquid resin infusion process simulation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0044/document.
Full textA current aim of wind turbine industries is to produce large structural parts at reduced costs. In this context, manufacture composite blades made of quasi-unidirectional non-crimp fabrics (quasi-UD NCF) using the infusion process is competitive on both mechanical and cost aspects. The infusion process involves an unloading phenomenon due to the vacuum bag flexibility. Additionally, during the impregnation, NCFs exhibit a dual-scale flow. Usual modeling of both phenomena assumes that the fibrous preform is a continuous medium with a varying permeability. Nonetheless, the permeability is affected by the meso-pores size and spatial distribution, which depend on the compaction state. The goal of this thesis is thus to characterize experimentally the flow-induced microstructural evolution of a quasi-UD NCF during the infusion process, and to quantify the impact of thismicrostructural reorganization on relevant macroscopic parameters, such as modelled in-plane permeability as well as computed filling time of parts. In situ infusion process has been conducted inside X-ray Computed Tomography device to capture a dual-scale fibrous microstructure prior and after the infusion process. Additionally, a simplified model has been proposed to predict the in-plane permeability and thus to evaluate the influence of the microstructural reorganization on it. Then, a numerical tool has been developed to account for dual-scale flow in a bidisperse deformable fibrous media. The impact of the dual-scale unloading on themacroscopic filling time of parts has been established. A mechanical investigation of the towbehavior during the infusion process has been additionally carried out experimentally to better understand the quasi-UD NCF behavior. From these results, a hyperelastic model has been proposed to predict the 3D mechanical behavior of tows during the dry loading phase, prior to the infusion process
Meylan, Sylvain. "Développement d'un outil de simulation multi-échelle adapté au calcul des dommages radio-induits précoces dans des cellules exposées à des irradiations d'ions légers (proton et alpha)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0184/document.
Full textThis work was performed in the frame of the ROSIRIS (IRSN) and Geant4-DNA research projects and describes the development of a simulation tool to compute radioinduced early DNA damages in a cell nucleus. The modeling tool is based on a modified version of the Monte Carlo code Geant4-DNA and is able to simulate the physical interactions between ionizing particles and the biological target (physical stage), the creation of chemical species within the cell nucleus (physico-chemical stage) as well as the reactions and diffusion processes of these chemical species (chemical stage). During all the simulation, a geometrical model that describes the DNA content of a human diploid cell nucleus is taken into account. This model was generated with a new software (DnaFabric) developed in the frame of this work and has a molecular level of detail.The first results (in term of DNA strand breaks) obtained with this tool are detailed and compared with experimental data from the literature. The good agreement between the simulation results and those data shows the coherence of our modeling. The significant influence of the selection criteria used to identify the DNA damages is also demonstrated
Ha, Duy Hung. "Modélisation statistique et probabiliste du temps inter-véhiculaire aux différents niveaux de trafic." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1140.
Full textTime Headway (TH) is a microscopic variable in traffic flow theories that has been studied since the 1930s. Distribution of this fundamental variable describes the arrival pattern of vehicles in traffic flow, so probabilistic modeling is the main approach to study TH and represent driving behaviour. The applications of the variable in traffic engineering are varied; include capacity calculation, microscopic simulation, traffic safety analysis, etc. This dissertation aims at modeling the TH distribution in different contexts. Firstly, the short-time sampling method and long-time sampling method are applied to obtain TH samples from the two data bases (the RN118 national roadway and the A6 motorway). Then, three probabilistic TH model types are analyzed and classified. An exhaustive comparison between the existing models and between the corresponding estimation methods lead to consider that the gamma-GQM is the best TH model in the literature. An estimation process is also proposed in order to obtain good and stable estimated results of the parameters. After that, the TH probabilistic modeling is developed by six new models. Except for the two ones which are worse, the four other models are statistically equivalent and/or better than the gamma-GQM. For practical reason, the Double Gamma model is selected, as a comparison model, with the gamma-GQM to calibrate all TH samples. Three traffic levels are considered: macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic. The effects of exogenous factors are also examined. Examining this factor in each macroscopic variable level leads to distinguish two following factor types: impeding factor and propulsive factor. Finally, different approaches for TH validation are tested. The proposed approach of “envelope of distributions” seems to be promising for future applications
Soares, Gambarini Gabriela. "Influence of highly contrasted dual-scale porosity carbon interlock fabrics on permeability, flow-induced deformation and saturation during CRTM process : Experimental characterization and modeling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0018.
Full textA primary objective of this thesis is to developa permeability measurement methodology thataccurately characterizes the full permeabilitytensor of a carbon interlock fabric used in themanufacture of aircraft turbine blades using theC-RTM process. The unique characteristics ofthe fabric, including its high thickness andstiffness, its non-transparent fibers and itspronounced dual-porosity scale, presentchallenges when using traditional measurementtechniques.In order to measure the full permeability tensoreconomically and over a wide range of fibervolume fractions, a combination of experimentalmethods has been proposed and applied.The development of an experimental testbench to measure saturation during injectionand the influence of its very strong doubleporosity scale is presented. The results arecomplemented by preliminary mesoscopicnumerical modelling of a representativesimplified geometry.The challenges posed by the pronounceddouble scale of the pore space and the resultingmodes of impregnation of the interlocked fabricjustify the proposed approach of combiningexperimental analysis and modelling, whichmust be pursued in order to study thesemechanisms in greater depth
Léon, Olivier. "Étude du rayonnement acoustique d'instabilités hydrodynamiques de jets double-flux par les équations de stabilité parabolisées (PSE)." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9138/1/leon_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textAugier, Adeline. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de matériaux microstructurés pour l'isolation acoustique des cabines d'avion." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562015.
Full textAttipou, Kodjo. "Étude des instabilités dans les membranes minces sous chargements thermomécaniques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0207/document.
Full textWrinkling is an instability phenomenon generally observed in thin structures with membrane's behavior. Those thin structures have no rigidity to flexion and are therefore used in traction. In this thesis, we developed a reduction model's technique for the modeling of wrinkling phenomenon in thin membranes. This technique, based on the double scale Fourier series, allow us to deduce from a full membrane model, a reduced membrane model that is able to take into account the global and local instability of the structure. The critical load and critical wavelength are determined analytically on one side, then numerically on the other side. Numerical exemples are conducted to validate the numerical model towards the analytical one. Numerical models studied take into account both full and reduce membrane models. The full model is simulated in Abaqus and solved numerically using the arc length method and the reduced model is implemented in Matlab and solved numerically using the asymptotic numerical method. We studied the membrane behavior under mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical loading. The results obtained show that the full membrane model can be replaced by the reduced one in determining critical loads and corresponding wavelengths. The gain in computation time obtained is important, due to the coarse mesh required by the reduced model. The reduced model is very sensitive to membrane's boundaries conditions and requires to have a quasi constant wavelength along the membrane width
Imbert, Mathieu. "High speed reactive RTM with on-line mixing in dualscale fibrous reinforcements : Experimental and numerical developments and investigations." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0017/document.
Full textHigh Speed Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is a promising composite manufacturing process fitting automotive industry requirements to produce complex structural parts with a perspective of short cycle times. However, cycle time reductions are a real challenge. In this process, a resin mixed on-line with curing agents is injected in the cavity of a mold containing a fibrous reinforcement. This flow of reactive resin generates acomplex flow pattern and strong thermo-chemo rheological couplings. Due to the high sensitivity of the resin cure, and the tight cycle times, prediction of the optimal injection strategy is very difficult and very expensive to conduct experimentally. In this context, two goals where followed in this work: 1. Identify and quantify experimentally the mechanisms, related to the process or to the reinforcement, influencing the reactive RTMprocess with on-line mixing and 2. Develop a numerical simulation method in a view of introducing the identified mechanisms in the industrial software PAMCOMPOSITE developed by ESI Group. Identification and quantification of the mechanisms were realized thanks to experimental investigations and numerical simulations. A new experimental setup has been developed for the investigation of the mechanism of intra-tow resin storage through macro-scale and micro-scale observations. Additionally, a numerical method has been developed to simulate the reactive flow of a resin in single and dual scale porous materials. This method allowed both to investigate local mechanisms difficult to study experimentally and prepare the transfer to the industrial software of ESI
Vaghi, Cristina. "Modélisation mathématique du transport des nanoparticules dans les tumeurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0326.
Full textNanomedicine offers promising and innovative tools to treat cancer. Recently, liposomes conjugated with an antibody were developed to target breast cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues from the toxicity of the chemotherapy. These nanoparticles are called antibody-nanoconjugates (ANCs) and are currently tested in a preclinical trial. However, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and efficacy of these nanoparticles are not well known and could be improved. Mathematical modeling can help in understanding the intratumor penetration of the nanoparticles and in quantifying the treatment efficacy.Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling evaluates the dose-response relationship in vivo and can be used to optimize the therapy schedule. Here, we described several biological processes using ordinary differential equations: (i) the untreated tumor growth with a novel reduced Gompertz model, (ii) the nanoparticle biodistribution using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and (iii) the therapeutic response with a resistance model. All the models were validated against experimental data in the statistical framework of nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, which models simultaneously the dynamic of the population and the inter-individual variability.Furthermore, we derived a spatial mathematical model with the two-scale asymptotic expansion method to describe the fluid and nanoparticle transport within the tumor tissue. This approach allowed us to evaluate the barriers that impair a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles at the tumor site. Moreover, we propose a computational framework to predict tumor accumulation of nanoparticles using individual imaging data
Mellet, Antoine. "Etude asymptotique des équations cinétiques : applications à la modélisation des phénomènes de transport." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30192.
Full textSafer, Nassim. "Modélisation des façades de type double-peau équipées de protections solaires : approches multi-échelles." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0028/these.pdf.
Full textIn this past decade, glazed façades use in new buildings has soared. Some of these façades, called "double skin façades"(DSF), are made of internal and external glazing. As indicated by its name, DSF are a special type of envelope which air space in between, called "the channel", can be rather important (up to 0. 8 meter). Properly DSF allow for energy savings and for the increase of the indoor comfort. The majority of these facades are equipped with solar protections. In general the channel is ventilated in order to decrease the overheating problems in summer and to contribute to energy savings in winter. To reach these goals, the detailed behavior of double skin façade need to be better understood and a global model should be produced. The velocity and temperature fields of DSF are investigated using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) approach. The main influent parameters are identified. To complement these simulations, the second part of the present work is dedicated to experimental measurement. Using PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. In the last part, a global DSF model is proposed. This model is based on the main influent parameters identified within the experimental and numerical parts including the convective coefficients. The model is based on nodal approach adapted for building energy simulations. Finally, the developed model is implemented within a dynamic building energy simulation tool (TRNSYS), allowing the investigation of optimal management of solar protection in order to reduce energy consumptions of tertiary buildings
Pascot, Caroline. "Analyse électro-thermique multi-échelles des supercondensateurs au carbone pour le stockage de l'énergie." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2077.
Full textThis work deals with electro-thermal analysis of supercapacitors for energy storage applications. Nowadays, there is a demand for producing cells offering suitable performance at high charge rates over a wide temperature range and power dissipation remains one of the key factors affecting safety and reliability. Electro thermal investigations have been performed on carbon supercapacitor cells and devices both by measurements and modelling. A calorimetric technique was developed for measuring the power dissipated by unit cells under cycling by analysing transient temperature change. Power density was found as a function of the charge rate over a wide current range for different temperature. Results were compared with estimations obtained with AC-DC impedance techniques and potential cell properties. Different electro thermal modelling strategies were developed both for cells and complex devices. Thermal circuits have been especially constructed for analysing electrothermal coupled problems. Finally, the experimental and modelling approaches contribute to a better understanding of electro thermal performance of supercapacitors
Bancora, Simone. "Characterization of fabric layups by pressure print analysis and simulation of dual-scale flow based on topological skeletonization : application to composite materials processing." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0049.
Full textIn this work, we study continuous fiber preforms in the context of Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) processes. The aim of the thesis is two-fold: propose a new methodology to obtain mesoscale geometrical data from preforms and provide a new numerical model able to predict permeability or perform mesoscale filling simulations in a computationally efficient way. In the first part, the focus is on the acquisition of geometrical data from preforms: we propose a novel methodology based on the analysis of the pressure field experienced by a dry preform under compaction. By using a commercial pressure-sensitive film, the pressure field exerted by a stack of layers against mould walls is captured and analyzed. Taking advantage of the periodic morphology of textiles, geometric patterns revealed by the pressure field are interpreted according to spectral Moiré analysis to recover the orientation and spatial distribution of each individual layer in the stack. In the second part, the reconstructed digital architecture of the preform is used to carry out numerical flow simulations at the scale of the yarns, to characterize permeability of the stack or directly perform filling simulations. The stack geometry is replaced by a skeletonized representation of the same, on which a two-dimensional flow problem can be solved numerically, greatly reducing the computational cost when compared to a full 3D approach. This “medial skeleton” model is first formulated in its single-scale version (flow in channels) and then extended to dual-scale (flow in channels and yarns). The model potential is illustrated through several test cases. This research establishes a pathway going from the non-destructive acquisition of data to the simulation of the dual-scale flow inside a multi-layer layup of textiles
Scheibert, Julien. "Mécanique du contact aux échelles mésoscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172935.
Full textLa mesure MEMS a permis d'obtenir les champs de contrainte sous charge normale et en glissement stationnaire, en très bon accord avec des modèles mécaniques simples. Pour des substrats de rugosité périodique le lien entre spectre des contraintes et topographie de surface a pu être interprété en termes de filtrage spectral, pertinent pour comprendre la perception tactile.
La mesure optique a permis, en analysant la répartition spatiale de l'intensité, d'obtenir le champ de pression de surface. Sa dépendance avec les propriétés de la couche rugueuse a été confrontée au modèle de Greenwood-Tripp. Par suivi des aspérités, le champ de déplacement a été mesuré avec une résolution sub-micronique et a mis en évidence la coexistence de zones glissantes et adhérentes prédite par Cattaneo et Mindlin.
Moumni, Mohammed. "Sur quelques modèles mathématiques issus du micromagnétisme." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS004/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of some mathematical problems arising in micromagnetism. The models considered here are based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG) describing the evolution of the magnetization field in a ferromagnetic material. Our aim is the analysis of the behavior of the models regarding the slight variations of some physical parameters. We first recall some important notions about ferromagnetism. Then, we carry out a numerical study of a model of magnetization dynamics with inertial effects. We propose a semi-implicit finite difference scheme which intrinsically respects the properties of the continuous model. Numerical simulations are provided for emphasizing the effect of the inertia parameter. These simulations also show the performance of the scheme and confirm the order of convergence obtained theoretically. We then study a model of magnetization dynamics with a non-local damping. The sensitivity of the magnetization dynamics to the damping coefficient is studied by giving the limiting problem for small and large values of the parameter. Finally, we study the homogenization of the LLG equation in two types of structures, namely a composite material with strongly contrasted magnetic properties, and a periodically perforated material with surface anisotropy energy. The homogenized models are first obtained formally. The rigorous derivation is then performed using mainly the concepts of two-scale convergence, two-scale convergence on surfaces together with a new homogenization procedure for handling with the nonlinear terms. More precisely, an appropriate dilation operator is applied in a embedded cells network, the network being constrained by the microscopic geometry
Chiaruttini, Vincent. "Approches multi-échelles parallèles en temps pour la simulation des milieux poreux." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066574.
Full textHairaye, Camille. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces par microstructuration laser." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD013/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is about surface functionalization by laser microstructuring. The experimental study consists in texturing stainless steel surfaces with a pulsed Yb fibre laser source (1030 nm, 300 fs), in order to control their wettability and confer to them superhydrophobic properties. With an optimization of the irradiating conditions on the target, it is possible to confer to the surface a dual-scale roughness. By successive ablations according to a pattern of crossed lines, microstructures in the range of tens of micrometres are realized, on which self-organized nanostructures are superimposed. Simulation of the energy coupling in the material allows to determine the process parameters to be used, in order to limit the thermal accumulation and avoid the melting of the surface. This study reveals the role of the laser texturing in the apparition of the superhydrophobic character and emphasizes the influence of the physicochemical properties of the material
Tabacchi, Eric. "Variabilité des peuplements riverains de l'Adour. Influence de la dynamique fluviale à differentes échelles d'espace et de temps." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30002.
Full textCapra, Hervé. "Amélioration des modèles prédictifs d'habitat de la truite Fario : échelles d'échantillonnage : intégration des chroniques hydrologiques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10306.
Full textHajj, Bassam. "Imagerie électro-optique Pockels aux échelles micro et nanométriques en physique et biophysique." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562142.
Full textVallejo, Castaneda Emmanuel. "Contribution à l'étude de l'ordre de spins, de charge et effets structuraux dans le modèle de double-échange : chaîne linéaire, échelles de spins et manganites." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086637.
Full textTran, Ngoc Tien Dung. "Transport de solutés dans un milieu à double-porosité non saturé. Modélisation par homogénéisation et applications." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327123.
Full textMaasri, Alain. "Impact de l'enrichissement des eaux sur le peuplement d'invertébrés benthiques : approche multi-échelles des relations trophiques structurant la communauté de chironomidae (diptera : nematocera) rhéophiles." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30031.
Full textThe aquatic biocenoses of the Arc stream, a coastal Mediterranean stream, were investigated to assess the impact of the water enrichment on the communities'trophic and taxonomic structures. The benthic macroinvertebrates communities, the chironomid communities and the epilithon were studied for this purpose. At first, the acroinvertebrates communities were studied in the main stem and in different pristine tributaries to consider the role of these tributaries in the maintenance of the macroinvertebrates biodiversity at the catchment scale. Then the chironomid communities were investigated using the pupal exuviae assemblages to assess changes in the chironomid communities' trophic and taxonomic structures along a water enrichment gradient. At the riffle scale, correlations were found between the epilithic algal structure and the chironomid larvae distribution; and the guts content analysis of Eukiefferiella claripennis revealed the foraging behaviour of such opportunistic taxa and helped to understand how this taxa spread under such conditions. All these approaches allowed us to assemble clues for understanding changes occurring in such enriched streams at different scales, going from the epilithic algae to the whole macroinvertebrate community
Blanck, Aurélie. "Variabilité des traits d'histoire de vie de poissons d'eau douce Européens à différentes échelles spatiales et niveaux biologiques : (population et espèce)." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10071.
Full textThe objective of improving understanding of life-history traits of organisms and their variation is recurrent in ecology. It is now widely accepted that environmental constraints in freshwaters play a key role in life-history trait variations in fish. In this context, this work aims to study the relationships between life-history traits of European freshwater fish and their environment focusing on different biological levels (population and species) and different spatial scales (continental, regional and local scales). Using biological and environmental data from published sources at the European scale and from field work in the Rhone river basin, this work illustrates (1) the effect of temperature at the continental and regional scales on several population traits, that are not confirmed for all species and (2) the weak effect of hydraulics at the continental and regional scales on population traits. By contrast, this work identifies more important relationships between hydraulics and traits than between temperature and traits at the species level. Microhabitat hydraulics seems to provide a template for species ecological strategies with fast-flowing and shallow microhabitats (riffles) selecting opportunistic species. The comparison between the intraspecific variation in traits and the interspecific variation in traits illustrates the relevance of using traits estimated at the species level and at the regional scale, and traits such as fecundity and traits associated with body size estimated at the species level from literature, in interspecific and inter-communities comparative approaches. By integrating variation of multiple traits in different biological levels and at different spatial scales, my thesis provides interesting elements for ecologists of different disciplines such as population biology and dynamics, species biology, community ecology and evolutionary ecology
Quenta, Herrera Estefania. "Structure multi-échelles de la biodiversité aquatique d'écosystèmes alpins sous l'influence du changement climatique." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4015/document.
Full textUsing empirical and experimental approaches, we assessed the effects of three components of climate change on alpine aquatic diversity: glacier’ influence, elevation, and temperature. We found that: 1) intermediate levels of glacial influence on peatland’s catchment resulted in a high environmental heterogeneity and high local zooplankton diversity. Thirteen percent of the total regional aquatic diversity was restricted to peatlands with a high percentage of glacial influence. This diversity might be lost in a context of glacial retreat and a future increasing warming. 2) environmental and spatial filters contributed significantly to the zooplankton community structure at higher spatial scales and the important role of the environmental filter at small spatial scale, likely influenced by disturbance events (e.g. droughts and floods) 3) water temperature did not influence on the prey-predation interaction between Anax imperator and Daphnia magna, and the predator’s capture probability mainly depended on the precision of the predator in capturing the prey. This work suggests that there is a multi-scale structure of the potential effects of climate change on alpine aquatic diversity
Plichard, Laura. "Modélisation multi-échelles de la sélection de l’habitat hydraulique des poissons de rivière." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1284/document.
Full textThe habitat concept, which defines the place where organisms live, is composed by abiotic and biotic conditions and differs for examples between species or activities. The habitat selection is the process where organisms choose the habitat to live in function of all habitats available around them. This habitat selection depends on an individual choice related to the organism, for example its behavior and a common choice related to organisms sharing common traits as individuals from the same species. Specific habitat selection models are developed to understand and represent this common choice and used to build ecological flow tools. For freshwater fish, most of specific habitat selection models have low transferability between reaches and rivers. Indeed, they are built from abundance data and sampled in the same study reach during few numbers of surveys. In order to improve predictive quality of models, I developed an attractive modelling approach, both multi-reach and multi-survey, involving the non-linear response of habitat selection and abundance data overdispersion. Then, despite the high individual variability of habitat selection, I showed, from telemetry data, the relevance of developing specific habitat selection models. Finally, as the habitat selection is also depending on processes which influence community structures at the landscape scale (e.g. dispersal), I demonstrate the benefits of sampling methods such as snorkeling to characterize community structures and their longitudinal distributions at a large spatial scale. These techniques will allow studying the influence of landscape processes on habitat selection models
Challouf, Mounir. "Caractérisation interférométrique de la relation brillance de surface-couleur des binaires à éclipse et étalonnage des échelles de distance dans l'univers." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4023/document.
Full textMeasuring distances separating our own Galaxy from nearby ones revolutionized our understanding of the distance scale and provided the evidence for the expansion of the universe. The distances to the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds are critical steps of the cosmic distance ladder, and they have been determined using numerous independent methods (as, RR Lyrae stars, Cepheids and "red clump" stars). The aim of my thesis work is to improve our understanding of the Surface Brightness-Color relation (SBC) using optical interferometry. For this, we use the interferometer VEGA on CHARA. This instrument operates in the visible and benefits from the baselines of the CHARA interferometer. It has a spatial resolution of 0.3 mas, which makes it an ideal tool to determine diameters of stars. At first I determined the diameter of eight OBA-type stars with an average accuracy of 1.5%. Then I combined these diameters with others collected from the literature, to determine a new SBC relation for this type of stars. In a second step, a theoretical study of the impact of the rotation on the SBC relation was made to understand the physical effects affecting the accuracy of this relation and suppress the currently existing dispersion in order to further improve the accuracy of extragalactic distances
Houndegnonto, Odilon Joël. "Analyse des variations thermohalines des échelles intrasaisonnière à saisonnière des panaches d'eau douce du Golfe de Guinée." Thesis, Brest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BRES0105.
Full textIn the Gulf of Guinea (GG), freshwater originated from river discharges and high precipitation rates contribute to the upper ocean density stratification, and play a key role in modulating air-sea interactions. However, the thermohaline variations of the ocean upper layers within the freshwater plumes in the GG are still poorly known, as they are poorly observed and documented. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to study and document the spatial variability at horizontal mesoscale (10-100 km) and vertical (0-100m), from intra-seasonal to seasonal time scales of the thermohaline 3D structure in the freshwater plume areas of the GG: mainly the Congo and Niger Rivers plumes. First, using SSS SMOS satellite data, our study showed that freshwater plumes in this region extend towards the open ocean following two propagation regimes. During September to January, they propagate northwestward while from January to April they redirect to the southwest, where their maximum extension is observed in April. The rest of the year, from May to August, is marked by a surface salinization episode, where the freshwater plumes dissipate with a minimum extension observed in August. A salinity budget analysis in the surface mixed layer allowed highlighting the main physical processes controlling the seasonal variability of salinity within these freshwater plumes. We showed that horizontal advection processes and freshwater fluxes by precipitation and river discharges are the main contributors of low SSS distribution in this region. In the southeastern Gulf of Guinea, off Congo, the horizontal SSS advection is dominated by Ekman wind-driven currents. Second, we showed that the offshore distribution of the Congo plume on intra-seasonal time scales is associated with salt barrier layers and with thermohaline staircases profiles. In a case study (for 2016/03/31), we showed that the observed thermohaline staircases would result from the shear dynamics between the surface Ekman flow associated with the offshore (North-Westward) distribution of the Congo plume, and the geostrophic (South-Eastward) flow associated with the denser and saltier subsurface water masses of the open ocean to the west. Finally, using a Lagrangian approach, we have highlighted the origin and large-scale structuring of water masses involved in the strong haline stratification observed off Congo. This study showed the strong shear of the currents associated with the vertical salinity gradients within the water column associated with the staircases profiles
Villeneuve, Bertrand. "Modèles multi-stress et multi-échelles de l’état écologique : vers une analyse du risque d’altération des cours d’eau et des bassins versants." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0229/document.
Full textThe rivers and their watersheds are complex systems in dynamic balance. If processes acting in stream are relatively well known (organic matter and sediment transport, litter degradation, etc ...), it is much more difficult to have a relevant representation of this functioning considering the hierarchy of scales, land determinants affecting aquatic environments and combined multiple stressors. We conducted an exploration whose purpose was to seek the multiple causes of degradation of the ecological status, to know the spatial extent and severity and to be able to recommend effective restoration actions. In the first part of the thesis, we developed large-scale models, based on existing data, to give answers applicable to the decision and management scales, i.e. European, national and regional. The main was to compare the relationships between the combined pressures represented by land cover and the ecological status of running waters in four European countries: France, Slovakia, Estonia, and UK (England and Wales). This first study allowed us i) to establish the hierarchy of the major influences that impact ecological status, particularly agriculture and urbanisation, ii) to identify regional patterns in these pressure-impact relationships and iii) to evaluate the relative weight of the pressures acting at the basin and riparian corridor scales, and the possible buffering effect of riparian land cover. In the second part of the thesis, we built a corpus of models capable of explaining the variability of the biological indices used in the survey network and also predict the ecological status of non-monitored water bodies in France. This permits to demonstrate that : (i) the parameters characterizing the load of nutrients and organic matter had a predominant effect on the three compartments, followed by land use and hydromorphology, (ii) it is possible to build models capable of predicting ecological status that are efficient and easily transferable, using data of different scales that influence the functioning of hydrosystems. In the third part, we tested if the relationships between local scale pressures and ecological status are hierarchically influenced by regional patterns (such as natural physiographic and/or driving forces). Introducing hierarchical factors in multi-stress models can lead to slight variations in responses of organisms to pressures according to their natural characteristics and their driving forces acting at catchment scale. And in the last part, the purpose of our approach was to take into account the nested scale organisation and the links between anthropogenic pressures and river ecological status by building - and analysing the results of - a model based on the PLS path modelling method. This method can be used to simultaneously analyse the effects of latent variables corresponding to land-use, hydromorphological and physico-chemical pressures on the ecological status of rivers, synthetically measured in this study by the macroinvertebrate-based French biotic index for wadeable rivers (I2M2). The development of this model should allow us to demonstrate : (i) the importance of land use effect exerted on both hydromorphology and physico-chemistry and their translation as an indirect effect on biological condition of streams, (ii) that hydromorphological alterations had an effect on substrates structure and nutrients and organic matter concentrations implying that hydromorphology has a major indirect effect on macroinverteb
Pérez, Arroyo Carlos. "Large eddy simulations of a dual-stream jet with shockcells and noise emission analysis." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0093/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the shock-cell noise generated by under-expanded supersonic jets in single- and dualstream configurations. Shock-cell noise is generated by the interaction between the turbulent structures of the shear-layer and the shock-cell system developed in the potential core of the jet. In order to study shock-cell noise, large eddy simulations adapted to aeroacoustics are carried out using high-order compact schemes that allow for a non-dissipative nondispersive approach. The results are analyzed and compared to experimental results. In particular, an acoustic-hydrodynamic filtering is carried out in the near field in order to analyze the acoustic and hydrodynamic azimuthal modes. Moreover, a wavelet-based analysis is implemented in order to identify the relevant acoustic and hydrodynamic features of the supersonic jets
Chevriaux, Dominique. "Supratransmission et bistabilité nonlinéaire dans les milieux à bandes interdites photoniques et électroniques." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20039.
Full textAyvazyan, Vigen. "Etude de champs de température séparables avec une double décomposition en valeurs singulières : quelques applications à la caractérisation des propriétés thermophysiques des matérieux et au contrôle non destructif." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14671/document.
Full textInfrared thermography is a widely used method for characterization of thermophysical properties of materials. The advent of the laser diodes, which are handy, inexpensive, with a broad spectrum of characteristics, extend metrological possibilities of infrared cameras and provide a combination of new powerful tools for thermal characterization and non destructive evaluation. However, this new dynamic has also brought numerous difficulties that must be overcome, such as high volume noisy data processing and low sensitivity to estimated parameters of such data. This requires revisiting the existing methods of signal processing, adopting new sophisticated mathematical tools for data compression and processing of relevant information.New strategies consist in using orthogonal transforms of the signal as a prior data compression tools, which allow noise reduction and control over it. Correlation analysis, based on the local cerrelation study between partial derivatives of the experimental signal, completes these new strategies. A theoretical analogy in Fourier space has been performed in order to better understand the «physical» meaning of modal approaches.The response to the instantaneous point source of heat, has been revisited both numerically and experimentally. By using separable temperature fields, a new inversion technique based on a double singular value decomposition of experimental signal has been introduced. In comparison with previous methods, it takes into account two or three-dimensional heat diffusion and therefore offers a better exploitation of the spatial content of infrared images. Numerical and experimental examples have allowed us to validate in the first approach our new estimation method of longitudinal thermal diffusivities. Non destructive testing applications based on the new technique have also been introduced.An old issue, which consists in determining the initial temperature field from noisy data, has been approached in a new light. The necessity to know the thermal diffusivities of an orthotropic medium and the need to take into account often three-dimensional heat transfer, are complicated issues. The implementation of the double singular value decomposition allowed us to achieve interesting results according to its ease of use. Indeed, modal approaches are statistical methods based on high volume data processing, supposedly robust as to the measurement noise
Simon, Bruno. "Effects of tidal bores on turbulent mixing : a numerical and physical study in positive surges." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965582.
Full textLaunois, Lionel. "Impact des facteurs anthropiques sur les communautés piscicoles lentiques : vers l'élaboration d'un indice poisson." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10044/document.
Full textFish communities remain underused in the domain of lentic ecosystem bioindication, even though water managers need such tools in the current context of the Water Directive Framework. The objective of this thesis was to analyse the fish communities’ response to various anthropogenic pressures, in order to define the candidate biological variables in bioindication and to develop an index to evaluate the ecological status of French natural lakes and reservoirs. Several questions are raised.First of all, the means available to select fish-based metrics responding to catchment-scale anthropogenic pressures are analysed using a typological approach. This analysis consists in classifying lentic ecosystems using classifications, and then, within each homogenous group of ecosystems identified based on environmental criteria, performing linear regressions between candidate fish-based metrics and anthropogenic pressures. The results clearly show that fish communities could be used as good bioindicators for the lentic ecosystems, but they also underline the limits of typological approaches.To test how a bioindicator shared by natural lakes and reservoirs could be developed, an alternative site-specific method was subsequently developed. Statistical modeling was applied to control the natural environmental effects on lentic fish communities. This analysis shows that fish-based metrics responding to catchment-scale anthropogenic pressures differ in the two types of lentic ecosystems.The last part reports the development of an index, based on the reference condition approach, using a hindcasting statistical approach. This method, still infrequently used, enables one to sidestep the problem related to the selection of reference sites in France. Furthermore, this method allows modeling biological reference conditions, i.e. conditions without anthropogenic pressures. Fish communities’ characteristics are then compared for both undisturbed sites and sites that are more or less impacted by anthropogenic pressures. Both catchment-scale and local anthropogenic pressures were considered in this analysis. Following this protocol, a lake fish-based index resulting from the combination of metrics that respond jointly to global and local anthropogenic pressures was developed for natural lakes and reservoirs. Finally, the advances made as a result of this research and its perspectives are discussed with regards to the European context of aquatic ecosystem management
Chan, Bunyeth. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle des espèces et de communauté de poissons dans le système d'inondation pulsé de Tonle Sap." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30244/document.
Full textTonle Sap Lake (TSL) is one of the world's largest lakes and is a biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia. It supports high fish productivity which sustains protein supply for millions of people in the region. This study aims to investigate (1) spatial and temporal dynamics of fish community composition, (2) the effects of environmental factors on fish distribution and (3) effects of fishing lot abolishment on fish biomass, community and structure in TSL. By using multivariate statistical methods on fish and environmental data, the thesis highlights that: * There were two fish assemblages in TSL: the northern assemblage, mostly characterised by black fishes, and the southern assemblage, mainly linked to white, grey and estuarine fishes. Fish assemblages from earlier years (1994 and 1995) were represented by the abundances of all functional groups, i.e. black, white and grey fishes, and from 1996 to 1999, the assemblages were linked only to white and grey fishes. * Fish species distributions were not homogeneous within TSL. In addition, species distribution areas were different and were governed by distinct combinations of the local habitat characteristics and regional climatic factors. * H. lobatus and H. siamensis can co-occur together, but synchronisation and migration of H. lobatus always lead those of H. siamensis. These results suggest that the population of H. lobatus is more responsive to flow pulse variations than those of H. siamensis.[...]
Tremblay-Belzile, Samuel. "Détection à grande échelle des réarrangements génomiques et élucidation de leurs mécanismes." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21192.
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