Academic literature on the topic 'Double échelle'
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Journal articles on the topic "Double échelle"
Lepage, Sylvain. "Les pratiques défavorables au nouveau salarié dans la convention collective: le cas de la double échelle." Les Cahiers de droit 30, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 525–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042955ar.
Full textMassart, Catherine, Elie Pauporté, Marie-Christine Raucent, and Cécile Vandernoot. "Enseignements à échelle 1/1." lieuxdits, no. 23 (April 3, 2023): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/ld.vi23.76783.
Full textHenzel, Yann, Joël Bréard, Patrick Faitout, David Cayeux, and Raymond Gauvin. "Dynamique des écoulements en milieux poreux double échelle." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIB - Mechanics-Physics-Astronomy 327, no. 11 (October 1999): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1287-4620(00)88521-x.
Full textLaurencelle, Louis. "Une théorie des seuils psychométriques à double contrôle d’erreur –Partie I : l’imprécision échantillonnale des centiles." Mesure et évaluation en éducation 38, no. 2 (June 8, 2016): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036764ar.
Full textLaberge, Yves. "La double réception du film Métropolis de Fritz Lang." Cinémas 8, no. 3 (October 31, 2007): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/024757ar.
Full textVilleneuve, Paul, and Gilles Viaud. "Asymétrie occupationnelle et localisation résidentielle des familles à double revenu à Montréal." Recherches sociographiques 28, no. 2-3 (April 12, 2005): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/056297ar.
Full textGibout, Christophe, and Irénée Zwarterook. "Gérer les risques industriels et la pollution dans le Dunkerquois : une double échelle transactionnelle." Pensée plurielle 33-34, no. 2 (2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pp.033.0131.
Full textDolan, Claire. "Un instrument pour une histoire sociale à double échelle : la base de données relationnelle." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 2, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031030ar.
Full textMansanarez, Valentin, Raphaël Le Boursicaud, Jérôme Le Coz, Benjamin Renard, Michel Lang, Ivan Horner, Gilles Pierrefeu, and Karine Pobanz. "BaRatin-SFD, analyse bayésienne des courbes de tarage à double échelle et de leurs incertitudes." La Houille Blanche, no. 5 (October 2017): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2017040.
Full textBen Yahia, Imène, and Amel Chaabouni. "Effets du sentiment communautaire virtuel sur la fidélité." Management international 19, no. 2 (May 7, 2015): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1030395ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Double échelle"
Wrzesniak, Aleksandra. "Modélisation double-échelle de la rupture des roches : influence du frottement sur les micro-fissures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI104/document.
Full textIn continuum damage models, the degradation of the elastic moduli, as the results of microscopic crackgrowth, is represented through damage variables. The evolution of damage variable is generally postulatedbased on the results of the experimental observations. Many such phenomenological damage modelshave been proposed in the literature. The purpose of this contribution is to develop a new procedurein order to obtain macroscopic damage evolution laws, in which the damage evolution is completelydeduced from micro-structural analysis. We use homogenization based on two-scale asymptotic developmentsto describe the overall behaviour starting from explicit description of elementary volumes withmicro-cracks. We consider quasi-brittle (time independent) and sub-critical (time dependent) criteria formicro-cracks propagation. Additionally, frictional contact is assumed on the crack faces. An appropriatemicro-mechanical energy analysis is proposed, leading to a damage evolution law that incorporates stiffnessdegradation, material softening, size effect, and unilaterality, different fracture behaviour in contactwithout and with friction. The information about micro-cracks is contained in the homogenized coefficientsand in the damage evolution law. The homogenized coefficients describe the overall response inthe presence of (possibly static) micro-cracks, as they are computed with the (quasi-) static microscopicsolution. The damage law contains the information about the evolution of micro-cracks, as a result ofthe energy balance in time during the microscopic propagation. The homogenized law is obtained in therate form. Effective coefficients are numerically computed for different crack lengths and orientations.This allows for the complete construction of the macroscopic laws. A first analysis concerns the localmacroscopic behaviour, for complex loading paths, in order to understand the behaviour predicted bythe two-scale model and the influence of micro structural parameters, like for example friction coefficient.Next, the FEM implementation of the macroscopic equations is performed and simulations for variouscompression tests are conducted. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with the experimentalresults obtained using a new true-triaxial apparatus recently developed at the Laboratory 3SRin Grenoble (France)
Keriaki, Majed. "Etude de la surface de la mer pour les simulations hyperfréquences actives et passsives par un modèle à double échelle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS0001.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose a realistic representation of the sea surface to improve simulations of remote sensing measurements above it using the double scale model of the University Catholique de Louvain. We use at first the ''bulk'' method to evaluate the momentum flux between air and sea. This method allows us to obtain a good distribution of the spectral density of waves in the regions that do not contain breaking waves, and improves the sensitivities of active and passive UCL simulations on wind speed and atmospheric stability. We showed that atmospheric stability must be taken into account in any algorithm for deducing the momentum flux using sea surface brightness temperatures. Then, we propose a model that takes into account the electromagnetic scattering by breaking zones. This model uses several approaches which exist in the literature. These approaches are generalised and gathered to obtain a unique model that estimates correctly the effects of ripples and foam coverage, composing any breaking zone, on both active and passive simulations
Oueslati, Boutheina. "Interaction entre convection nuageuse et circulation de grande échelle dans les tropiques." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1795/.
Full textThe spurious double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a systematic bias affecting state-of-the-art coupled general circulation models (GCM); there is still no consensus on its causes. The goal of this thesis is to shed some light on this outstanding problem toward the improvement of climate model performances. This work emphasizes the roles of coupled ocean-atmosphere and dynamics-thermodynamics feedbacks in the ITCZ structure. The first step was to study the response of the atmospheric GCMs ARPEGE-climat and LMDz in aquaplanet configuration, to a range of SST latitudinal distributions. The purpose was to investigate the existence of multiple precipitation regimes, explore their characteristics and untangle the mechanisms at play in regime transition. The transition from the double regime with two ITCZs to the single regime with only one ITCZ at the equator was analyzed. In both models, the transition between these regimes is mainly driven by changes in the low-level convergence that are forced by the atmospheric boundary layer temperature gradients. Model-dependent, dry and moist feedbacks intervene to reinforce or weaken the effect of the temperature forcing. Dry dynamical feedbacks are mainly driven by horizontal advection of cold subtropical air. Moist thermodynamics which are only active in LMDz; they act as negative feedbacks on low-level convergence and are associated with cooling in the stratospheric cold top and in the boundary layer by convective downdrafts. Moist processes play a crucial role in the ITCZ structure through their influence on the vertical profile of convective heating and modulation of moisture-convection feedbacks, two variables that are very sensitive to the convection scheme and, in particular, to lateral convective entrainment. The influence of lateral convective entrainment on the ITCZ structure is analyzed through a hierarchy of model configurations (coupled ocean-atmosphere, atmospheric and aquaplanet) using the CNRM-CM5 GCM. The sensitivity of the ITCZ structure to this parameter is robust across our hierarchy of models. In response to an increased entrainment rate, the realistic simulations exhibit a weakening of the southern side of the double ITCZ over the southeastern Pacific. The change in ITCZ configuration is associated with a more realistic representation of the tropical circulation driven by feedbacks between large-scale dynamics and deep convection. Together with vertical dynamics, SST and associated coupled feedbacks drive the ITCZ location. Sensitivity experiments to lateral entrainment show that ocean-atmosphere feedbacks amplify the double ITCZ bias. A multi-model analysis using CMIP5 GCMs show that the double ITCZ bias has become small in atmosphere-only simulations, and that coupled atmosphere-ocean feedbacks account for a large part of this bias in coupled simulations
Argilaga, Claramunt Albert. "FEMxDEM double scale approach with second gradient regularization applied to granular materials modelization." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI066/document.
Full textThe multi-scale FEMxDEM approach is an innovative numerical method for geotechnical problems involving granular materials. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) are simultaneously applied to solve, respectively, the structural problem at the macro-scale and the material microstructure at the micro-scale. The advantage of using such a double scale configuration is that it allows to study an engineering problem without the need of standard constitutive laws, thus capturing the essence of the material properties. The link between scales is obtained via numerical homogenization, so that, the continuum numerical constitutive law and the corresponding tangent matrix are obtained directly from the discrete response of the microstructure.Typically, the FEMxDEM approach presents some drawbacks; the convergence velocity and robustness of the method are not as efficient as in classical FEM models. Furthermore, the computational cost of the microscale integration and the typical mesh-dependency at the macro-scale, make the multi-scale FEMxDEM approach questionable for practical uses. The aim of this work is to focus on these theoretical and numerical issues with the objective of making the multiscale FEMxDEM approach robust and applicable to real-scale configurations. A variety of operators is proposed in order to improve the convergence and robustness of the method in a quasi-Newton framework. The independence of the Gauss point integrations and the element intensive characteristics of the code are exploited by the use of parallelization using an OpenMP paradigm. At the macro level, a second gradient constitutive relation is implemented in order to enrich the first gradient Cauchy relation bringing mesh-independency to the model.The aforementioned improvements makes the FEMxDEM approach competitive with classical FEM models in terms of computational cost thus allowing to perform robust and mesh-independent multi-scale FEMxDEM simulations, from the laboratory scale (e.g. biaxial test) to the engineering-scale problem, (e.g. gallery excavation).Keywords:Double scale, numerical homogenization, numerical constitutive law, elasto-plasticity, second gradient, microstructured materials, large strain, finite elements, discrete elements, Newton method, parallelization, uniqueness
Aymard, Benjamin. "Simulation numérique d'un modèle multi-échelle de cinétique cellulaire formulé à partir d'équations de transport non conservatives." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066254/document.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the numerical simulation of a biomathematical, multiscale model explaining the phenomenon of selection within the population of ovarian follicles, and grounded on a cellular basis. The PDE model consists of a large dimension hyperbolic quasilinear system governing the evolution of cell density functions for a cohort of follicles (around twenty in practice).The equations are coupled in a nonlocal way by control terms involving moments of the solution, defined on either the mesoscopic or macroscopic scale.Three chapters of the thesis, presented in the form of articles, develop the method used to simulate the model numerically. The numerical code is implemented on a parallel architecture. PDEs are discretized with a Finite Volume scheme on an adaptive mesh driven by a multiresolution analysis. Flux discontinuities, at the interfaces between different cellular states, require a specific treatment to be compatible with the high order numerical scheme and mesh refinement.A chapter of the thesis is devoted to the calibration method, which translates the biological knowledge into constraints on the parameters and model outputs. The multiscale character is crucial, since parameters are used at the microscopic level in the equations governing the evolution of the density of cells within each follicle, whereas quantitative biological data are rather available at the mesoscopic and macroscopic levels.The last chapter of the thesis focuses on the analysis of computational performances of the parallel code, based on statistical methods inspired from the field of uncertainty quantification
Trottier, Nicolas. "Modélisation des écoulement en milieux poreux fracturés : estimation des paramètres par approche inverse multi-échelle." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037933.
Full textAtiezo, Megbeme Komla. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'endommagement dynamique des matériaux fragiles sous chargements complexes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0212.
Full textIn this thesis, the modeling of dynamic damage and failure of quasi-materials is addressed using a two-scale approach based on the asymptotic homogenization method. Dynamic damage laws are obtained and numerical simulations of the associated behavior are performed for loadings corresponding to the classical three modes of Fracture Mechanics. The first dynamic model of damage is proposed for the anti-plane shear loading case (Mode III). The damage evolution law is deduced from the Griffith’s energy criterion governing the dynamic propagation of microcracks, by using the homogenization method based on asymptotic expansions. A study of the local macroscopic response predicted by the new model is conducted to highlight the influence of parameters, like the size of the microstructure and the loading rate, on the evolution of damage. Results of macroscopic simulations of dynamic failure and the associated branching instabilities are presented and compared with those reported by experimental observations. The model is implemented in a Finite-Elements/Finite-Differences code using the Matlab software environment. Numerical simulations of rapid failure in opening mode (Mode I) are using a dynamic damage law are presented subsequently. The model is deduced from a microscopic Griffith type criterion describing the dynamic mode I propagation of microcracks, using the asymptotic homogenization approach. The resulting damage law is sensitive to the rate of loading that determines the macroscopic failure mode. Numerical simulations are performed in order to identify the model predictions and the obtained numerical results are compared with the experimental ones. Different tests, like the compact tension and L-shape specimen tests for concrete, the compact compression test for the PMMA brittle polymer and the Kalthoff impact test for limestone rocks, are considered in the numerical simulations. These simulations show that the loading rate essentially determines the macroscopic crack trajectory and the associated branching patterns, in agreement with the experimental results. The law has been implemented in a finite element code Abaqus/Explicit via a VUMAT subroutine. A third model of damage is obtained for the in-plane shear mode (Mode II) through a similar double-scale approach by considering unilateral contact with friction conditions on the microcracks lips. A local study concerning the effects of normal compression and of the friction coefficient is carried out. The influence of the size of the microstructure and the rate of loading on damage evolution is analyzed at the local level. These studies are completed by structural failure simulations of PMMA specimens using the Abaqus/Explicit finite element software
Guéroult, Sébastien. "Analyse expérimentale de la saturation des milieux fibreux à double échelle de pores : application à la mise en oeuvre des matériaux composites par procédé RTM." Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0008.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms during the impregnation in a dual scale porous media. As any process consisting in an injection of liquid into a fiber preform, RTM process is prone to have void type defects. Those defects may lead to a reduction of the final mechanical properties. To address this problem of void creation during infiltration, original experimental devices have been designed to measure the saturation in fibrous media. Sensors have been developed based on the electrical properties of materials: conductivity and permittivity. The saturation results show a dependency with the capillary number. Different mechanisms for the creation and transport of voids have been highlighted. These data are then correlated with pressure measurements. The evolution of the capillary pressure as a function of the capillary number has been introduced to characterize properly the impregnations. The correlation of all the data concerning saturation and pressure allows us to propose a new analysis of the permeability in dual scale porous media. Two concepts of permeability are defined: the geometric permeability as an intrinsic characteristic of the preform and the relative permeability as a function of the saturation
Drouin, Marie. "Modélisation des écoulements turbulents anisothermes en milieu macroporeux par une approche de double filtrage." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0066/document.
Full textThis works deals with the modelling if anisothermal turbulent flows in macroporous media. This topic concerns many practical applications such as heat exchangers, nuclear reactors, canopies... Our aim is to model flows through porous matrices by means of a multi-scale approach. A macroscopic description of the flows is obtained thanks to a spatial average operator, while a statistical average operator is used to handle turbulence. The successive application of both filters leads to a loss of information. Therefore, at macroscopic scale, unknown contributions linked to turbulence (Reynolds stresses) and the presence of the solid matrix (dispersion) appear. We focus on dispersion terms. We propose a thermal dispersion model for hydrodynamically established flows. Mean temperature predictions obtained with this model are very accurate for channel flows with strong temperature and wall heat flux gradients. We also derive a wall temperature model based the mean temperature model. It gives good macroscopic results for thermally developping flows. In order to be able to simulate hydrodynamically developping flows, a turbulence model is needed. A two-scale analysis of energy transfers within the flow shows that the dynamic behaviour of unbalanced flows can be described using the dispersive kinetic energy. A turbulence model that accounts for dispersive energy is derived. It predicts very well the dynamics of a flows near a channel inlet and provides accurate boundary conditions for exit flows. Finally, a dynamic model based on the dispersive energy and its dissipation rate is proposed for the dispersion tensor
Aaboud, Bouchra. "Modélisation et simulation de la formation, la compression et le transport des bulles d'air en milieux fibreux à double échelle de pores : application au procédé RTM." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0023/document.
Full textThis work covers the problematic of air bubbles entrapped during manufacturing composite parts via the RTM process. Modeling creation, compression, and transport of this type of defaults is presented here. Likewise, a new approach of air bubble’s creation, transport modeling, simulation of porosities at dual scale of pores, and estimation of the final saturation of the preform are given
Books on the topic "Double échelle"
Vers une équité intergénérationnelle: Document de réflexion sur les clauses "orphelin" dans les conventions collectives. [Québec]: Ministère du travail, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Double échelle"
Blanc, Françoise. "3.1. Un ensemble de projets à double échelle." In Villes fortifiées en projet, 79–81. Maison des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aquitaine, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.msha.10408.
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