Journal articles: 'Double colonization'

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Ashrafi, Elnaz, Farnoush Bazvandi, Fatemeh S. Izadkhah, Tahereh Dehdari, Bahare Izadi, Omid Safari, and Morteza Mansourian. "Survey the Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Mobile Short Message Service (SMS) on Self-Care in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Referring to the Diabetes Clinic in Khorram Abad City." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 126, no. 4 (August 1, 2023): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2023.126.4.5.

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Background: The highlighting of possible risk factors for urinary colonization in patients with obstructive urolithiasis that needed double J catheters implanted to preserve renal function. Methods: We performed a descriptive, retrospective study, carried out in the Urology Department of the Bucharest Central Military Hospital, between January 2020 and January 2022 and included 168 patients with urolithiasis who required the insertion of double J catheters. We studied the bacteriological profile, using both urine and JJ catheter samples. Results: We obtained a double J catheter colonization rate of 32% (54 patients) and 29% of urinary colonization (49 patients). The rate of urinary colonization is higher in patients with colonized ureteral catheters regardless of sex, age, and associated comorbidities. At the same time, we noticed an increased rate of urinary colonization in patients associated with diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of urinary colonization in patients with double J catheters was 29%. The colonization of the JJ catheters, as well as the association with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease), show an increased risk of urinary colonization.

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Guan, Jun, Shao-ze Liu, Zhao-fen Lin, Wen-fang Li, Xue-feng Liu, and De-chang Chen. "Impact of imipenem treatment on colonic mycobiota in rats with double-hit sepsis." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 10 (May 20, 2013): 1850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20130201.

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Background Broad-spectrum antibiotic administration promotes intestinal colonization of exogenous fungal pathogens in healthy animals and has been recognized as one of the risk factors of invasive fungal infection in clinical settings. It is unclear whether broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment would change the intestinal mycobiota without exogenous fungal challenge in the context of sepsis. Methods We established a rat model of double-hit sepsis using burn injury and endotoxin challenge. Rats with burn injury or double-hit sepsis received imipenem treatment for 3 days or 9 days, and their colon contents were sampled for selective fungal culture and isolation counts. Results Imipenem treatment promoted the overgrowth of the commensal fungus Geotrichum capitatum in rats with burn injury. Imipenem treatment also promoted colon colonization by exogenous fungi in rats with burn injury and double-hit sepsis, including Trichosporon cutaneum, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida glabrata. A longer duration of imipenem treatment had a stronger impact on colon colonization by exogenous fungi. Conclusion Imipenem treatment facilitates the overgrowth of commensal fungi and colonization by exogenous, potentially pathogenic fungi in the colons of rats with burn injury or double-hit sepsis.

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Zeeshan, Sahar. "Madness as Subversion: Decolonizing the Doubly Colonized Female Self in Wide Sargasso Sea." NUML journal of critical inquiry 20, no. I (June 30, 2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/numljci.v20ii.218.

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This research seeks to investigate the language of female madness as the central trope of the decolonizing struggle against double colonization. Rhys’ female protagonist in Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette, is alienated and deprived of her original identity in race and class. The hegemonic process of colonial patriarchy embedded in the victimization of the female subject objectifies her through her double marginalization at the hands of colonial apparatus and patriarchy. Her decolonizing outburst against double colonization, when expressed through an unconventional language, is viewed as an act of madness by the society. This research routes its argument through the so-called sanity of a societal structure rooted in the dispensation of colonial atrocity which, as a consequence, gives rise to mental imbalance (madness) of the female protagonist. This study, located in the qualitative paradigm, develops its methodology on the qualitative grounds with an interpretive and exploratory design. It uses textual analysis as research method and deploys theoretical support from Postcolonial Feminism with a focus on ‘decolonization’ and ‘double colonization.’

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Fernandi, Angga Brian, and Rahayu Puji Haryanti. "Double colonization of Rhodesian women in Tsitsi Dangarembga’s 'Nervous Conditions'." Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies 10, no. 2 (October 20, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v10i2.45103.

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Nervous Conditions focuses on the story of the Shona family living in a patriarchal culture in Rhodesia during the postcolonial era in the 1960s. Rhodesia was a former British colony, so the legacy of colonialism and its influence is not that easy to go away. Hence, those who were colonized, or the locals experience many problems to cope with, especially women. Therefore, the study aims to examine the postcolonial issues in the novel dealing with double colonization. The objectives of the study were to describe and explain how the novel builds the themes related to postcolonialism and how the women living in patriarchy experienced oppression from male relatives as well as a colonial power. The study was done qualitatively using a content analysis method. The data were analyzed using Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism. The findings showed the story highlighted the themes of patriarchy and cultural contestation which affect the lives of the female characters. Then, the findings explained how the female characters were oppressed traditionally and colonially. Therefore, it showed how women were doubly colonized by males and Western domination. Thus, they had not been able to get full authority since they were trapped between both.

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Ozgur, Berat Cem, Musa Ekıcı, Cem Nedım Yuceturk, and Omer Bayrak. "Bacterial colonization of double J stents and bacteriuria frequency." Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 29, no. 12 (December 2013): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2013.01.017.

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Vintilă, Mihai, Dan Spînu, Dragos Marcu, and Dan Mischianu. "The Current State of Knowledge Regarding the Use of Double J Catheters in Treating Obstructive Urolithiasis." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 126, no. 3 (January 8, 2023): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2023.126.3.15.

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"Urinary lithiasis is a common pathology in the modern era. Its significance lies in the possible complications that may arise as well as in its potential for recurrence. The treatment and prevention of recurrences of urinary lithiasis often require the intervention of several specialists: urologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, nutritionists, biochemists, etc. In the last 20 years, the treatment strategy for urinary lithiasis has changed, with minimally invasive methods replacing laparoscopic or open surgery. These are effective and have rare complications. Whichever treatment method is chosen, it may be necessary to temporarily divert the upper urinary tract by inserting double J catheters for preventive, curative, or palliative purposes. Ureteral catheters have had to be improved over time to avoid two major incidents: their migration and colonization. Various materials were used, varying the shape, size, length, guide as well as approaches. The urinary infection-urolithiasis association is frequent, without always being able to specify the cause-effect relationship. The rate of urinary colonization appears to be influenced by the presence of stent colonization as well as the time since the implant. The association of chronic diseases or emergency insertion is associated with an increased risk of urinary colonization. Complications induced by the time of the double J catheter being implanted are rare, and minor and disappear with its removal. In the case of failure to insert a double J ureteral catheter, the alternative would be to perform an ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy. Double J ureteral catheter insertion is an effective minimally invasive option in the treatment of obstructive urolithiasis. "

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CRIȘAN, Ioana, and Andrei STOIE. "Seasonal arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization dynamic displays genotype-specific pattern in Iris sibirica L." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 10838. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13110838.

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiotic association between plants and Glomeromycota fungi, that brings nutritional-derived benefits for phytobiont. Influence of plant breeding on arbuscular mycorrhiza susceptibility is a topic of current interest that can have many practical implications. Insights into whether new cultivars have a lower mycorrhizal potential, are critical for optimization of AM use. Aim of this research was to conduct a comparative assessment of AM colonization across a phenophase gradient in two Iris sibirica genotypes: one displaying the wild traits versus a modern reblooming cultivar with double flowers. Analysis showed that both Iris sibirica genotypes developed Paris-morphotype. Results indicated that on average the genotype with simple flowers had a higher AM colonization frequency (84.44±2.15) compared to the new cultivar with double flowers (52.22±6.09). Significant influence was exercised both by genotype (p<0.001) as well as by phenophase (p=0.0013), over colonization frequency. The genotypes displayed contrasting colonization dynamics: highest AM frequency level occurred in spring for the genotype with simple flowers, and in autumn for the one with double flowers. Results suggest that host metabolic state has regulating role over functionality of established AM-symbiotic association according to plant nutritional requirements, while fungi might also respond to increased or decreased carbon flux in the plant, associated with geophyte phenology.

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Ambigapathy, Ganesh, Taylor Schmit, Ram Kumar Mathur, Suba Nookala, Saad Bahri, Liise-anne Pirofski, and M. Nadeem Khan. "Double-Edged Role of Interleukin 17A in Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenesis During Influenza Virus Coinfection." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 5 (April 23, 2019): 902–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz193.

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AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine the role of host interleukin 17A (IL-17A) response against colonizing Streptococcus pneumoniae, and its transition to a pathogen during coinfection with an influenza virus, influenza A H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8).MethodWild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were intranasally inoculated with S. pneumoniae serotype 6A to establish colonization and later infected with the influenza strain, PR8, resulting in invasive S. pneumoniae disease. The role of the IL-17A response in colonization and coinfection was investigated in WT, RoRγt−/− and RAG1−/− mice with antibody-mediated depletion of IL-17A (WT) and CD90 cells (RAG1−/−).ResultsRAG1−/− mice did not clear colonization and IL-17A neutralization impaired 6A clearance in WT mice. RoRγt−/− mice also had reduced clearance. S. pneumoniae–PR8 coinfection elicited a robust IL-17A response in the nasopharynx; IL-17A neutralization reduced S. pneumoniae invasive disease. RoRγt−/− mice also had reduced S. pneumoniae disease in a coinfection model. Depletion of CD90+ cells suppressed the IL-17A response and reduced S. pneumoniae invasion in RAG1−/− mice.ConclusionOur data show that although IL-17A reduces S. pneumoniae colonization, coinfection with influenza virus elicits a robust innate IL-17A response that promotes inflammation and S. pneumoniae disease in the nasopharynx.

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Carrel, Margaret, Marin L. Schweizer, Mary Vaughan Sarrazin, Tara C. Smith, and Eli N. Perencevich. "Residential Proximity to Large Numbers of Swine in Feeding Operations Is Associated with Increased Risk of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization at Time of Hospital Admission in Rural Iowa Veterans." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 35, no. 2 (February 2014): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/674860.

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Among 1,036 patients, residential proximity within 1 mile of large swine facilities was associated with nearly double the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization at admission (relative risk, 1.8786 [95% confidence interval, 1.0928-3.2289]; P = .0239) and, after controlling for multiple admissions and age, was associated with 1.2nearly triple the odds of MRSA colonization (odds ratio, 2.76 [95% confidence interval, 1.2728-5.9875]; P = .0101).

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Lloyd, Sonja J., Jennifer M. Ritchie, Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez, Carla A. Blumentritt, Vsevolod L. Popov, Jennifer L. Greenwich, Matthew K. Waldor, and Alfredo G. Torres. "A Double, Long Polar Fimbria Mutant of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Expresses Curli and Exhibits ReducedIn VivoColonization." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 3 (January 9, 2012): 914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05945-11.

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Escherichia coliO157:H7 causes food and waterborne enteric infections that can result in hemorrhagic colitis and life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome. Intimate adherence of the bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells is mediated by intimin, butE. coliO157:H7 also possess several other putative adhesins, including curli and two operons that encode long polar fimbriae (Lpf). To assess the importance of Lpf for intestinal colonization, we performed competition experiments betweenE. coliO157:H7 and an isogenic ΔlpfA1ΔlpfA2double mutant in the infant rabbit model. The mutant was outcompeted in the ileum, cecum, and midcolon, suggesting that Lpf contributes to intestinal colonization. In contrast, the ΔlpfA1ΔlpfA2mutant showed increased adherence to colonic epithelial cellsin vitro. Transmission electron microscopy revealed curli-like structures on the surface of the ΔlpfA1ΔlpfA2mutant, and the presence of curli was confirmed by Congo red binding, immunogold-labeling electron microscopy, immunoblotting, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) measuringcsgAexpression. However, deletion ofcsgA, which encodes the major curli subunit, does not appear to affect intestinal colonization. In addition to suggesting that Lpf can contribute to EHEC intestinal colonization, our observations indicate that the regulatory pathways governing the expression of Lpf and curli are interdependent.

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Kim, Nam-Soo, Ernest D. P. Whelan, George Fedak, and Ken Armstrong. "Identification of a Triticum–Lophopyrum noncompensating translocation line and detection of Lophopyrum DNA using a wheatgrass specific molecular probe." Genome 35, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-080.

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A Triticum–Lophopyrum translocation line was produced by a series of backcrosses between F1 hybrids derived from the cross Triticum aestivum × Lophopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Love and their progenies and bread wheat. Cytogenetic studies of progeny of crosses between the wheat-alien translocation line and doubled ditelosomics of the group 5 homoeologues of 'Chinese Spring' indicated that the translocated chromosome consisted of the long arm of chromosome 5B of wheat and short (S) arm of chromosome 6 (6AgS) of decaploid L. ponticum (2n = 70), which carries the gene(s) for resistance to colonization by wheat curl mite (Eriophyes tulipae Keifer). The frequencies of resistance to mite colonization were similar (p = 0.64) for F1 progenies from crosses between the noncompensating translocation line and double ditelosomics for 5A, 5B, and 5D and averaged 61.4%, but the frequency of F2 seeds per head (11.8) was lowest (p > 0.05) for hybrids involving 5B double ditelosomics. A repetitive DNA probe found abundantly in wheatgrass was also used to detect the Lophopyrum chromatin in this wheat-alien translocation plant. Although this probe hybridized faintly to wheat DNA in Southern hybridization, the probe's diagnostic hybridization to DNA from the wheat-Lophopyrum translocation plant clearly showed the presence of Lophopyrum DNA.Key words: wheat, Lophopyrum, wheatgrass, Eriophyes tulipae, translocation, hybrids, repetitive DNA sequence.

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Franks, A., S. Egan, C. Holmstrï¿½m, S. James, H. Lappin-Scott, and S. Kjelleberg. "Inhibition of Fungal Colonization by Pseudoalteromonas tunicata Provides a Competitive Advantage during Surface Colonization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 9 (September 2006): 6079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00559-06.

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ABSTRACT The marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata produces a range of extracellular secondary metabolites that inhibit an array of common fouling organisms, including fungi. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the ability to inhibit fungi provides P. tunicata with an advantage during colonization of a surface. Studies on a transposon-generated antifungal-deficient mutant of P. tunicata, FM3, indicated that a long-chain fatty acid-coenzyme A ligase is involved in the production of a broad-range antifungal compound by P. tunicata. Flow cell experiments demonstrated that production of an antifungal compound provided P. tunicata with a competitive advantage against a marine yeast isolate during surface colonization. This compound enabled P. tunicata to disrupt an already established fungal biofilm by decreasing the number of yeast cells attached to the surface by 66% ï¿½ 9%. For in vivo experiments, the wild-type and FM3 strains of P. tunicata were used to inoculate the surface of the green alga Ulva australis. Double-gradient denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that after 48 h, the wild-type P. tunicata had outcompeted the surface-associated fungal community, whereas the antifungal-deficient mutant had no effect on the fungal community. Our data suggest that P. tunicata is an effective competitor against fungal surface communities in the marine environment.

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Dube, Musa W. "Searching for the Lost Needle: Double Colonization & Postcolonial African Feminisms." Studies in World Christianity 5, no. 2 (October 1999): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.1999.5.2.213.

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Dube, Musa W. "Searching for the Lost Needle: Double Colonization & Postcolonial African Feminisms." Studies in World Christianity 5, Part_2 (January 1999): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.1999.5.part_2.213.

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Kaliyeva, Sholpan, Natalya Simokhina, Alyona Lavrinenko, Gulzira Zhussupova, Serik Zhunusov, Polina Semenikhina, Yuliya Bikbatyrova, Berik Yelmagambetov, and Zhanna Myasnikova. "Bacterial Colonization Incidence before and after Indwelling Double-J Ureteral Stents." Antibiotics 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070850.

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The upper urinary tract stenting allows to restore the ureteral patency in various situations. However, one of the main disadvantages of stenting is bacterial contamination, which can be a source of persistent infections that hardly respond to antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the local spectrum of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility to antibiotics in order to optimize antibacterial therapy after upper urinary tract stenting. A prospective observational study was conducted in which 140 urine samples were examined (70 before stenting and 70 after stenting). Bacterial growth was detected in 37 patients (52.8%) before stenting and in 43 patients (61.4%) after stenting. E. coli (13 (28.8%)) and Streptococcus spp. (8 (17.6%)) strains were more commonly detected before stenting; P. aeruginosa (15 (31.2%)) and E. coli (8 (16.6%)) were usually revealed after stenting. The proportion of P. aeruginosa strains after stenting grew from 4.4% up to 31.2%. E. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin (92.3% before and 100% after stenting). Three strains of E. coli (23.1%) and six strains of P. aeruginosa (40%) were multidrug-resistant. Determination of the bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics and identification of antibiotic-resistant forms of bacteria is a factor in reducing the risk of complications and optimizing antibiotic therapy during the upper urinary tract stenting.

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Alonso-Monge, Rebeca, Mark S. Gresnigt, Elvira Román, Bernhard Hube, and Jesús Pla. "Candida albicans colonization of the gastrointestinal tract: A double-edged sword." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 7 (July 22, 2021): e1009710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009710.

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Vintilă, Mihai, Dan Spînu, Dragos Marcu, Dan Mischianu, and Silvia Nica. "Risk Factors for Urinary Colonization in Patients with Double J Catheters Implanted for Treating Obstructive Urolithiasis." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 126, no. 4 (August 1, 2023): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2023.126.4.4.

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Background: The highlighting of possible risk factors for urinary colonization in patients with obstructive urolithiasis that needed double J catheters implanted to preserve renal function. Methods: We performed a descriptive, retrospective study, carried

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Rempe, Katherine A., Eric A. Porsch, Jolaine M. Wilson, and Joseph W. St. Geme. "The HMW1 and HMW2 Adhesins Enhance the Ability of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae To Colonize the Upper Respiratory Tract of Rhesus Macaques." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 10 (July 18, 2016): 2771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00153-16.

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NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi) initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract and is a common cause of localized respiratory tract disease. Previous work has established that the NTHi HMW1 and HMW2 proteins are potent adhesins that mediate efficientin vitroadherence to cultured human respiratory epithelial cells. In this study, we used a rhesus macaque model to assess the contributions of HMW1 and HMW2 toin vivocolonization. In experiments involving inoculation of individual isogenic derivatives of NTHi strain 12, the parent strain expressing both HMW1 and HMW2 and the mutant strains expressing either HMW1 or HMW2 were able to colonize more frequently than the double mutant strain lacking HMW1 and HMW2. In competition experiments, the parent strain efficiently outcompeted the double mutant lacking HMW1 and HMW2. Colonization with strains expressing HMW2 resulted in development of antibody against HMW2 in a number of the animals, demonstrating that colonization can stimulate an antibody response. In conclusion, we have established that the HMW1 and HMW2 adhesins play a major role in facilitating colonization of the upper respiratory tract of rhesus macaques, in some cases associated with stimulation of an immune response.

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Bury-Moné, Stéphanie, George L. Mendz, Graham E. Ball, Marie Thibonnier, Kerstin Stingl, Chantal Ecobichon, Patrick Avé, et al. "Roles of α and β Carbonic Anhydrases of Helicobacter pylori in the Urease-Dependent Response to Acidity and in Colonization of the Murine Gastric Mucosa." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 2 (November 19, 2007): 497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00993-07.

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ABSTRACT Carbon dioxide occupies a central position in the physiology of Helicobacter pylori owing to its capnophilic nature, the large amounts of carbon dioxide produced by urease-mediated urea hydrolysis, and the constant bicarbonate supply in the stomach. Carbonic anhydrases (CA) catalyze the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate and are involved in functions such as CO2 transport or trapping and pH homeostasis. H. pylori encodes a periplasmic α-CA (α-CA-HP) and a cytoplasmic β-CA (β-CA-HP). Single CA inactivation and double CA inactivation were obtained for five genetic backgrounds, indicating that H. pylori CA are not essential for growth in vitro. Bicarbonate-carbon dioxide exchange rates were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using lysates of parental strains and CA mutants. Only the mutants defective in the α-CA-HP enzyme showed strongly reduced exchange rates. In H. pylori, urease activity is essential for acid resistance in the gastric environment. Urease activity measured using crude cell extracts was not modified by the absence of CA. With intact CA mutant cells incubated in acidic conditions (pH 2.2) in the presence of urea there was a delay in the increase in the pH of the incubation medium, a phenotype most pronounced in the absence of H. pylori α-CA. This correlated with a delay in acid activation of the urease as measured by slower ammonia production in whole cells. The role of CA in vivo was examined using the mouse model of infection with two mouse-adapted H. pylori strains, SS1 and X47-2AL. Compared to colonization by the wild-type strain, colonization by X47-2AL single and double CA mutants was strongly reduced. Colonization by SS1 CA mutants was not significantly different from colonization by wild-type strain SS1. However, when mice were infected by SS1 Δ(β-CA-HP) or by a SS1 double CA mutant, the inflammation scores of the mouse gastric mucosa were strongly reduced. In conclusion, CA contribute to the urease-dependent response to acidity of H. pylori and are required for high-grade inflammation and efficient colonization by some strains.

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Ogunniyi, Abiodun D., Kim S. LeMessurier, Rikki M. A. Graham, James M. Watt, David E. Briles, Uwe H. Stroeher, and James C. Paton. "Contributions of Pneumolysin, Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA), and PspC to Pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 in a Mouse Model." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 4 (January 29, 2007): 1843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01384-06.

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ABSTRACTSuccessful colonization of the upper respiratory tract byStreptococcus pneumoniaeis an essential first step in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. However, the bacterial and host factors that provoke the progression from asymptomatic colonization to invasive disease are yet to be fully defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of single and combined mutations in genes encoding pneumolysin (Ply), pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), and pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC, also known as choline-binding protein A) on the pathogenicity ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeserotype 2 (D39) in mice. Following intranasal challenge with D39, stable colonization of the nasopharynx was maintained over a 7-day period at a level of approximately 105bacteria per mouse. The abilities of the mutant deficient in PspA to colonize the nasopharynx and to cause lung infection and bacteremia were significantly reduced. Likewise, the PspC mutant and, to a lesser extent, the Ply mutant also had reduced abilities to colonize the nasopharynx. As expected, the double mutants colonized less well than the parent to various degrees and had difficulty translocating to the lungs and blood. A significant additive attenuation was observed for the double and triple mutants in pneumonia and systemic disease models. Surprisingly, the colonization profile of the derivative lacking all three proteins was similar to that of the wild type, indicating virulence gene compensation. These findings further demonstrate that the mechanism of pneumococcal pathogenesis is highly complex and multifactorial but ascribes a role for each of these virulence proteins, alone or in combination, in the process.

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Klis, Rafal, Ewa Korczak-Kozakiewicz, Andrzej Denys, Marek Sosnowski, and Waldemar Rozanski. "Relationship Between Urinary Tract Infection and Self-Retaining Double-J Catheter Colonization." Journal of Endourology 23, no. 6 (June 2009): 1015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.2008.0518.

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Hildebrand, Rachel E., Chungyi Hansen, Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Chia-Wei Wu, Marulasiddappa Suresh, and Adel Talaat. "The Immunogenicity and Safety of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mosR-Based Double Deletion Strain in Mice." Microorganisms 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2023): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082105.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) remains a significant global health threat, accounting for ~1.7 million deaths annually. The efficacy of the current vaccine, M. bovis BCG, ranges from 0 to 80% in children and does not prevent adulthood tuberculosis. We explored the immune profile and safety of a live-attenuated M. tuberculosis construct with double deletions of the mosR and echA7 genes, where previously, single mutations were protective against an M. tuberculosis aerosol challenge. Over 32 weeks post-vaccination (WPV), immunized mice with M. tuberculosisΔmosRΔechA7 (double mutant) were sacrificed to evaluate the vaccine persistence, histopathology, and immune responses. Interestingly, despite similar tissue colonization between the vaccine double mutant and wild-type M. tuberculosis, the vaccine construct showed a greater reaction to the ESAT-6, TB.10, and Ag85B antigens with peptide stimulation. Additionally, there was a greater number of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in the vaccine group, accompanied by significant polyfunctional T-cell responses not observed in the other groups. Histologically, mild but widely distributed inflammatory responses were recorded in the livers and lungs of the immunized animals at early timepoints, which turned into organized inflammatory foci via 32WPV, a pathology not observed in BCG-immunized mice. A lower double-mutant dose resulted in significantly less tissue colonization and less tissue inflammation. Overall, the double-mutant vaccine elicited robust immune responses dominated by antigen-specific CD4 T cells, but also triggered tissue damage and vaccine persistence. The findings highlight key features associated with the immunogenicity and safety of the examined vaccine construct that can benefit the future evaluation of other live vaccines.

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Ülker, Volkan, Nisel Yılmaz, Neval Ağuş, Ertan Can, Özgür Çakmak, Cem Yücel, Orçun Çelik, and Yusuf Özlem İlbey. "Bacterial Colonization of Ureteral Double-J Stents in Patients with Negative Urine Culture." Journal of Urological Surgery 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/jus.galenos.2019.2343.

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Şahan, Ahmet, Alkan Çubuk, Kasım Ertaş, Asgar Garayev, Ferhat Talibzade, Çağrı Akın Şekerci, Tuncay Toprak, and Yılören Tanıdır. "Is Bacterial Colonization in Ureteral Double-J Stents Significant and Is It Predictable?" Journal of Urological Surgery 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/jus.galenos.2019.3007.

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Yannis Hamilakis. "Double Colonization: The Story of the Excavations of the Athenian Agora (1924–1931)." Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 82, no. 1 (2013): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2972/hesperia.82.1.0153.

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Ahmed, Shene Mohammad. "Double Colonization: A Postcolonial Feminist Study Of Sia Figiel’s Where We Once Belonged." Scholaria: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 9, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/j.js.2019.v9.i1.p1-10.

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The article deals with analyzing female characters in the WHERE WE ONCE BELONGED by Sia Figiel. The novel is important for students who study postcolonialism and feminism as it gives an insight for gender and race issues. The aim of this article is to show how females in a male-dominated societies are persecuted. Furthermore, females are regarded as inferior according to Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism. The Samoan culture was once colonized by the British. Therefore, the legacy of colonialism and its effects remains there, even after the national independence. It first gives some clarifications about the publishing of the novel and the writer. Then, it comes to the discussion about the colonialism in the novels with its connections to the main characters and how the colonizers were, and also how it affected their lives. In the next part, it explains double colonization. It talks about how almost all of the postcolonial writings were occupied by how women were muted. Then, it recalls how the female characters were suppressed and oppressed by the males and the English dominant power. It shows how they were double-colonized, not having even the freedom to show it.

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Cibois, Alice, Jean-Claude Thibault, and Eric Pasquet. "Uniform phenotype conceals double colonization by reed-warblers of a remote Pacific archipelago." Journal of Biogeography 34, no. 7 (July 2007): 1150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01703.x.

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Amirzargar, M. A., and A. A. Ilati. "S9 EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL COLONIZATION SECONDARY TO DOUBLE J-STENT IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION." European Urology Supplements 11, no. 4 (October 2012): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(13)60205-5.

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Powell, J. Elijah, Sean P. Leonard, Waldan K. Kwong, Philipp Engel, and Nancy A. Moran. "Genome-wide screen identifies host colonization determinants in a bacterial gut symbiont." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 48 (November 14, 2016): 13887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610856113.

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Animal guts are often colonized by host-specialized bacterial species to the exclusion of other transient microorganisms, but the genetic basis of colonization ability is largely unknown. The bacteriumSnodgrassella alviis a dominant gut symbiont in honey bees, specialized in colonizing the hindgut epithelium. We developed methods for transposon-based mutagenesis inS. alviand, using high-throughput DNA sequencing, screened genome-wide transposon insertion (Tn-seq) and transcriptome (RNA-seq) libraries to characterize both the essential genome and the genes facilitating host colonization. Comparison of Tn-seq results from laboratory cultures and from monoinoculated worker bees reveal that 519 of 2,226 protein-coding genes inS. alviare essential in culture, whereas 399 are not essential but are beneficial for gut colonization. Genes facilitating colonization fall into three broad functional categories: extracellular interactions, metabolism, and stress responses. Extracellular components with strong fitness benefits in vivo include trimeric autotransporter adhesins, O antigens, and type IV pili (T4P). Experiments with T4P mutants establish that T4P inS. alvilikely function in attachment and biofilm formation, with knockouts experiencing a competitive disadvantage in vivo. Metabolic processes promoting colonization include essential amino acid biosynthesis and iron acquisition pathways, implying nutrient scarcity within the hindgut environment. Mechanisms to deal with various stressors, such as for the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and protein quality control, are also critical in vivo. This genome-wide study identifies numerous genetic networks underlying colonization by a gut commensal in its native host environment, including some known from more targeted studies in other host–microbe symbioses.

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KUMAR, J., NA SHAIKH, A. SAMAD, BJ KURD, SA AHMED, and SZ ZAIDI. "DJ STENT COLONIZATION PATTERNS: EXPLORING MICROBIAL PROFILES AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2023, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.355.

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With the advancement of endourology, a great variety of biomaterial devices have been developed. Several studies have reported that the formation of biofilm and device infection are commonly observed manifestations that lead to urinary tract infections. An indwelling double J ureteral stent carries a significant risk; a negative urine culture does not rule out a colonized stent. Hence, assessing the extent of stent colonization without positive voided urine culture is crucial. This cross-sectional study involved 44 patients, aged between 14 to 88 years, coming to the Department of Urology at Indus Hospital Karachi to remove DJ stents from April 2019 to October 2019. The samples were collected through a non-probability consecutive technique. Urine samples, before removal of the stent along with distal portions of the DJ stent, were sent for cultural analysis to study bacteriuria and stent colonization. The whole data was analyzed on SPSS version 22.0. The study found that five patients (11.4%) had colonization of the distal end of the DJ stent, and Burkholderia cepacia was the most common microorganism. However, n=31; 70.4% of patients had colonization in post-DJ stent urine, and Pseudomonas was the most common microorganism (n=14; 45.2%). Stent colonization had no significant association with age, gender, and positive urine culture. Most colonized stents were asymptomatic. Despite these observations, it is critical to emphasize that using DJ stents is still a generally recognized and safe treatment. Future studies should look at other aspects that colonization patterns may impact in improving the safety and management of DJ stent use.

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Khan, Nadeem, Ifrah Sohail, Taylor Schmit, and Brenden Jacobson. "A double edge function of type 17 immunity in Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenesis during a co-infection with Influenza A Virus." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 50.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.50.13.

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Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a respiratory pathogen responsible for significant global disease burden (otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis). Despite success with current Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines, a significant proportion of humans remain colonized with Spn, rendering them at risk for developing Spn infections. Upper respiratory nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization by Spn is a precursor to disease, and viral induced inflammation is a key risk factor for the transition of commensal colonization to disease pathogenesis. We utilized a mouse co-infection model of Spn and influenza virus to determine the role of virus induced acute inflammation in the transition of Spn colonization to disease pathogenesis. We show that early Spn NP colonization is allowed by an immune quiescence state, maintained by the lack of IL-17 expression. Introduction of influenza virus in Spn colonized mice elicits a robust IL-17 driven inflammatory response, which induces robust neutrophilia and tissue damage in the NP. The IL-17 mediated inflammatory response was associated with a significant increase in Spn NP bacterial density, leading to Spn invasion and bacteremia. Antibody mediated neutralization of IL-17 suppressed NP inflammation and bacterial density and prevented bacteremia. IL-17 receptor expression was also detected in nasal myeloid cell infiltrate. RoRγt-KO mice remained protected from bacteremia, mimicking the reduced pathogenesis of IL-17 neutralized WT mice. Using RoRγtGFP mutant mice, we detected the recruitment of GFP expressing RoRγt cell population in NP lavages and nasal associated lymphoid tissues. We conclude that IL-17 blockade could contain influenza induced NP pathology and protect against Spn invasive pathogenesis.

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Orouq, Ayham Abu. "A Double Colonization: The Case of the Arab Bedouin Woman in Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt." Romanian Journal of English Studies 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2021-0009.

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Abstract This study scrutinizes Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt by analyzing the various forms of violence against the protagonists, Maha and Hannyeh, their heterogeneous representation and their conditions within the cultural encounter between modernity and traditionality. Applying postcolonial feminism, the analysis of Faqir’s novel shows that colonization and patriarchy interact as double structures of oppression that produce cumulative forms of violence against the colonized women. It also shows that these women’s responses to oppressions are divergent: while Maha adopts unique strategies of self-empowerment that help her resist subordination, Hannyeh espouses limited ones that intensify her disempowerment. As for the encounter between modernity and traditionality, the analysis indicates that imperial colonization and its modernity have destructive consequences on the colonized nation: they blur both its social formation and cultural identity.

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Rashed, Redhwan Qasem Ghaleb. "Double Colonization: A Voice of the Voiceless in Leila Abouzeid's Year of the Elephant." Review of Middle East Studies 55, no. 1 (June 2021): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2021.33.

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AbstractMany Afro-Arab women novelists, if not all, have been addressing feminist issues for ages while homeland issues have been masculinized. Against this trend, Leila Abouzeid's academic interests span not only women's issues, but also those of men and of her country as well. Her book shows how a woman is dominated by patriarchy and colonization and how she herself appears to be an executioner. It also shows her struggle and resistance against patriarchy and imperial power, without sacrificing her commitment to her national and religious identity. In contrast to secular feminism, Abouzeid views religion as a source of relief and solace. The study also argues that the men happily adopt the colonial culture whereas their women resist it. Tackling the experience of double colonization in Year of the Elephant captures the experiences of millions of women in both the eastern and western hemispheres who rebel over the laws that govern their lives.

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Whitman, Timothy J., Rachel K. Herlihy, Carey D. Schlett, Patrick R. Murray, Greg A. Grandits, Anuradha Ganesan, Maya Brown, James D. Mancuso, William B. Adams, and David R. Tribble. "Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Cloths to Prevent Skin and Soft-Tissue Infection in Marine Recruits: A Cluster-Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Effectiveness Trial." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 12 (December 2010): 1207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/657136.

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Background.Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causes skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI) in military recruits.Objective.To evaluate the effectiveness of 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated cloths in reducing rates of SSTI and S. aureus colonization among military recruits.Design.A cluster-randomized (by platoon), double-blind, controlled effectiveness trial.Setting.Marine Officer Candidate School, Quantico, Virginia, 2007.Participants.Military recruits.Intervention.Application of CHG-impregnated or control (Comfort Bath; Sage) cloths applied over entire body thrice weekly.Measurements.Recruits were monitored daily for SSTI. Baseline and serial nasal and/or axillary swabs were collected to assess S. aureus colonization.Results.Of 1,562 subjects enrolled, 781 (from 23 platoons) underwent CHG-impregnated cloth application and 781 (from 21 platoons) underwent control cloth application. The rate of compliance (defined as application of 50% or more of wipes) at 2 weeks was similar (CHG group, 63%; control group, 67%) and decreased over the 6-week period. The mean 6-week SSTI rate in the CHG-impregnated cloth group was 0.094, compared with 0.071 in the control group (analysis of variance model rate difference, 0.025 ± 0.016; P = .14). At baseline, 43% of subjects were colonized with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), and 2.1% were colonized with MRSA. The mean incidence of colonization with MSSA was 50% and 61% (P = .026) and with MRSA was 2.6% and 6.0% (P = .034) for the CHG-impregnated and control cloth groups, respectively.Conclusions.CHG-impregnated cloths applied thrice weekly did not reduce rates of SSTI among recruits. S. aureus colonization rates increased in both groups but to a lesser extent in those assigned to the CHG-impregnated cloth Intervention. Antecedent S. aureus colonization was not a risk factor for SSTI. Additional studies are needed to identify effective measures for preventing SSTI among military recruits.Clinical Trials Registration.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00475930.

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Wendt, C., S. Schinke, M. Württemberger, K. Oberdorfer, O. Bock-Hensley, and H. von Baum. "Value of Whole-Body Washing With Chlorhexidine for the Eradication of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus:A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 9 (September 2007): 1036–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519929.

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Background.Whole-body washing with antiseptic solution has been widely used as part of eradication treatment for colonization with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), but evidence for the effectiveness of this measure is limited.Objective.To study the efficacy of whole-body washing with chlorhexidine for the control of MRSA.Design.Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.Setting.University Hospital of Heidelberg and surrounding nursing homes.Patients.MRSA carriers who were not treated concurrently with antibiotics effective against MRSA were eligible for the study.Intervention.Five days of whole-body washing with either 4% chlorhexidine solution (treatment group) or with a placebo solution. All patients received mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. The outcome was evaluated 3, 4, 5, 9, and 30 days after treatment with swab samples taken from several body sites.Results.Of 114 patients enrolled in the study (56 in the treatment group and 58 in the placebo group), 11 did not finish treatment (8 from the treatment group and 3 from the placebo group [P= .02]). At baseline, the groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, underlying condition, site of MRSA colonization, or history of MRSA eradication treatment. Eleven patients were MRSA-free 30 days after treatment (4 from the treatment group and 7 from the placebo group [P= .47]). Only groin-area colonization was significantly better eradicated by the use of chlorhexidine. The best predictor for total eradication was a low number of body sites positive for MRSA. Adverse effects were significantly more frequent in the treatment group than in the placebo group (any symptom, 71% vs 33%) but were reversible in most cases.Conclusion.Whole-body washing can reduce skin colonization, but it appears necessary to extend eradication measures to the gastrointestinal tract, wounds, and/or other colonized body sites if complete eradication is the goal.Trial Registration.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00266448.

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Tulone, Gabriele, Angela Costanzo, Nicola Pavan, Rosa Giaimo, Francesco Claps, Teresa Maria Assunta Fasciana, Anna Giammanco, Riccardo Bartoletti, and Alchiede Simonato. "Analysis of Bacterial Stent Colonization: The Role of Urine and Device Microbiological Cultures." Antibiotics 12, no. 10 (October 4, 2023): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12101512.

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In this study, we explored the incidence of double J (JJ) contamination of patients who underwent an endourological procedure for urinary stones and ureteral stenosis. We developed a prospective study between January 2019 and December 2021. Ninety-seven patients, 54 male and 43 female, were enrolled. Urine culture was taken during four steps: before stent insertion, a sample from selective renal pelvis catheterization, a sample two days after the JJ insertion and finally, after the stent removal procedure. At the time of the stent removal, 1 cm of proximal and distal ends were cut off and placed in the culture for bacterial evaluation. Cohen’s kappa coefficient value (k) and concordance rates of microbiological culture results were evaluated. The study group comprised 56% of male patients. Proximal and distal stent cultures were positive in 81 and 78 patients. The concordance rate of microbiological cultures between proximal and distal double J stent is 88% (k 0.6). The most common pathogens isolated from urine and stent cultures were Enterococcus spp. in 52 cases and Klebsiella spp. in 27 cases.

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Al-Quorain, A. A., M. B. Satti, S. Marwah, M. Al-Nahdi, and I. Al-Habdan. "Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Gastropathy: A Comparative Endoscopic and Histopathological Evaluation of the Effects of Tenoxicam and Diclofenac." Journal of International Medical Research 21, no. 2 (March 1993): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059302100204.

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A 4-week double-blind study compared the potential for 20 mg/day tenoxicam or 100 mg/day diclofenac sodium to induce gastropathy in 36 patients with joint disease and assessed the influence of gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori. Endoscopic assessment at the end of 4 weeks indicated that the mucosa was normal in 79% of tenoxicam-treated patients and 59% of diclofenac-treated patients. Only 5% of patients in the tenoxicam group developed severe gastroduodenitis (> 11 haemorrhages or erosions) compared with 18% in the diclofenac group. Histological evaluation indicated that 58% and 47%, respectively, of tenoxicam-treated and diclofenac-treated patients retained normal mucosa after treatment. Diclofenac treatment was discontinued in two patients, due to a duodenal ulcer or severe erosive gastritis. Overall, 5/14 patients with moderate to severe colonization with Helicobacter pylori developed severe chronic active gastritis or ulceration, compared with the 1/22 patients in whom colonization was either absent or mild ( P = 0.02). Tenoxicam and diclofenac did not show major differences in terms of gastrointestinal safety, although the trends favoured tenoxicam. The presence of severe colonization of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori appears to be an important factor for development of severe gastritis or ulceration.

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Herbert Tran, Erin E., Aaron W. Andersen, and Heidi Goodrich-Blair. "CpxRA Influences Xenorhabdus nematophila Colonization Initiation and Outgrowth in Steinernema carpocapsae Nematodes through Regulation of the nil Locus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 12 (April 17, 2009): 4007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02658-08.

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ABSTRACT The gammaproteobacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila mutualistically colonizes an intestinal region of a soil-dwelling nematode and is a blood pathogen of insects. The X. nematophila CpxRA two-component regulatory system is necessary for both of these host interactions (E. Herbert et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:7826-7836, 2007). Mutualistic association of X. nematophila with its nematode host consists of two stages: initiation, where a small number of bacterial cells establish themselves in the colonization site, and outgrowth, where these cells grow to fill the space. In this study, we show that the Cpx system is necessary for both of these stages. X. nematophila ΔcpxR1 colonized fewer nematodes than its wild-type parent and did not achieve as high a density as did the wild type within a portion of the colonized nematodes. To test whether the ΔcpxR1 host interaction phenotypes are due to its overexpression of mrxA, encoding the type I pilin subunit protein, we assessed the colonization phenotype of a ΔcpxR1 ΔmrxA1 double mutant. This mutant displayed the same colonization defect as ΔcpxR1, indicating that CpxR negative regulation of mrxA does not play a detectable role in X. nematophila-host interactions. CpxR positively regulates expression of nilA, nilB, and nilC genes necessary for nematode colonization. Here we show that the nematode colonization defect of the ΔcpxR1 mutant is rescued by elevating nil gene expression through mutation of nilR, a negative regulator of nilA, nilB, and nilC. These data suggest that the nematode colonization defect previously observed in ΔcpxR1 is caused, at least in part, by altered regulation of nilA, nilB, and nilC.

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Abdul, Zanyar Kareem. "BRIDE VALUE: A FEMINIST READING OF BUCHI EMECHETA’S THE BRIDE PRICE." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 3, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v3i2.1993.

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The Bride Price is one of the most influential modern novels authored by Buchi Emecheta through which the voice of a female character is expressed. The study has two points of discussion: the first deals with patriarchal society in which women suffer and become the only victims, and the second does with African culture from which Emecheta criticizes severely. Men have all the powers in controlling the whole family. The traditional society of Africa follows their culture as it is especially in paying the bride from the groom’s family. The paper aims at both men and women to keep this belief for the rest of their life no matter how modern the society has become. To some extent, the idea of “double colonization” proposed by Peterson and Rutherford (1986) will be identified in the paper and further explanation will be given. The paper also is an attempt to analyze the reflection of the African system related to marriage in the novel; as similar idea can be found in Iraqi Kurdistan that would be counted as the main objective behind writing the current paper. Furthermore, it shows some cultural similarities between both countries. By applying “double colonization” theory, the researcher confirms that Emecheta’s female characters suffer a traumatic experience in which they are controlled by two colonizers: the power of males and the reality of colonization. The researcher tries to send his messages through this paper out to avoid such conflicts and spread self and cultural awareness among the society.

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Koide, Roger T., Lena L. Landherr, Ylva L. Besmer, Jamie M. Detweiler, and E. Jay Holcomb. "Strategies for Mycorrhizal Inoculation of Six Annual Bedding Plant Species." HortScience 34, no. 7 (December 1999): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.7.1217.

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We inoculated six common annual bedding plant species with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith using two fertilizer P concentrations (3 or 15 μg·mL-1) and three inoculation timings (inoculation at sowing, at transplanting, or at both times). The plant species used were: Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem. & Schult. cv. Firecracker Rose; Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. cv. Sun and Shade Royal Red; Tagetes patula L. cv. Girls Golden; Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. cv. Freedom Blue; Coleus ×hybridus Voss. cv. Jazz Salmon; and Viola ×wittrockiana Gams. cv. Majestic Giant White. In general, Coleus, Petunia, and Viola were colonized more than were Impatiens, Tagetes, and Salvia. Inoculation at sowing required less inoculum than either of the other methods. Moreover, it was generally as effective in promoting colonization as double inoculation, and was often more effective than inoculation at transplanting. Mycorrhizal colonization was significantly reduced by the higher P concentration. The use of Myconate®, a water-soluble form of the flavonoid formononetin, significantly stimulated colonization in Salvia.

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Ahmad Baaqeel, Ghosun. "Unveiling Double Consciousness and Unsettling Hegemonic Economies in the Iraqi Free Verse Poetry of Badr Shaker al-Sayyāb’s The Blind Prostitute." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 6, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol6no3.12.

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This paper seeks to explore DuBois’ concept of double consciousness as it applies to colonized Iraq, using Badr Shaker al-Sayyab’s poem, The Blind Prostitute, as an example. When viewed as an allegory of Iraq after the colonization of Great Britain, the poem gives the reader a significant sense of how to double consciousness affects the Iraqi mindset and economy. In The Blind Prostitute, the main character is exploited like the colonial oppressors who exploited Iraq and its resources. The prostitute’s name is Salima, but when she becomes blind, her name changes to Sabah, which reflects the double consciousness of the main character as well as the nation of Iraq, whose people see themselves through their own eyes but also the lenses of their oppressors. This paper brings awareness to the plight of Iraq and its capitalistic exploitation by exploring the concept of double consciousness by analyzing The Blind Prostitute.

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Houndjo, Théophile. "The Double Failure of the Master and the Slave Highlighted in Selected Works by Chinua Achebe and Amma Darko." International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.136.2018.32.91.104.

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Colonization was sealed by the Berlin Conference in 1885 and represents the second main stage in the contact between Africa and Europe after slave trade. The aftermaths of colonization are still noticeable in Africa and will still be in the future. Although many documents, through ages, have dealt with what the relationships between Europe and Africa have usually been some African novelists have also dealt with either the colonization of their continent or its aftermath or both. Among them are Chinua Achebe and Amma Darko. This paper, based on Things Fall Apart and No Longer At Ease by Chinua Achebe, and on Beyond The Horizon by Amma Darko, aims at pointing out the failures of both the colonizer and the colonized. Marxism as a literary theory and the qualitative analysis approach have enabled me to realize that the two novels by Achebe and the one Amma Darko under study depict, in one way or the other, the socio-political and religious situations in most black (African) countries from pre-colonial to the post-independence periods. The study has reached the following conclusions. First both Europeans Africans are responsible for the underdevelopment situation Africa has experienced so far which is a failure. Then the Europeans’ failure to prevent by all costs Africans from immigrating to their continent. Last Africans’ failure to adopt adequate political and economic systems that can help develop their continent, compelling then their fellows to emigrate to Europe, where most of them end in despair and misery.

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Manzoor, MuhammedA P., M. Mujeeburahiman, KS Shabeena, and Rahul Bhargava. "Characteristics of bacterial colonization after indwelling double-J ureteral stents for different time duration." Urology Annals 10, no. 1 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ua.ua_158_17.

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Gonzalez-Garcia, Francisco Javier, Julia Guzman-Puche, Javier Redel-Montero, and Paula Moreno. "Fatal bilateral haemopneumothoraces following double-lung transplantation caused by pretransplant colonization by Scedosporium apiospermum." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 51, no. 6 (March 1, 2017): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezw443.

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FARSI, HASAN M. A., HISHAM A. MOSLI, MOHAMMED F. Al-ZEMAITY, AHMED A. BAHNASSY, and MARISSE ALVAREZ. "Bacteriuria and Colonization of Double-Pigtail Ureteral Stents: Long-Term Experience with 237 Patients." Journal of Endourology 9, no. 6 (December 1995): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.1995.9.469.

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Ben-Meir, D., S. Golan, Y. Ehrlich, and P. M. Livne. "Characteristics and clinical significance of bacterial colonization of ureteral double-J stents in children." Journal of Pediatric Urology 5, no. 5 (October 2009): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.01.001.

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Şahan, A., F. Talibzade, A. Garayev, M. Sulukaya, T. Top, İ. Tinay, Y. Tanıdır, and F. Şimşek. "1084 Is bacterial colonization in urethral double-J stents significant and is it predictable?" European Urology Supplements 14, no. 2 (April 2015): e1084-e1084a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(15)61072-7.

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Lupp, Claudia, and Edward G. Ruby. "Vibrio fischeri LuxS and AinS: Comparative Study of Two Signal Synthases." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 12 (June 15, 2004): 3873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.12.3873-3881.2004.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio fischeri possesses two acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing systems, ain and lux, both of which are involved in the regulation of luminescence gene expression and are required for persistent colonization of the squid host, Euprymna scolopes. We have previously demonstrated that the ain system induces luminescence at cell densities that precede lux system activation. Our data suggested that the ain system both relieves repression and initially induces the lux system, thereby achieving sequential induction of gene expression by these two systems. Analysis of the V. fischeri genome revealed the presence of a putative third system based on the enzyme LuxS, which catalyzes the synthesis of the Vibrio harveyi autoinducer 2 (AI-2). In this study, we investigated the impact of V. fischeri LuxS on luminescence and colonization competence in comparison to that of the ain system. Similar to the ain system, inactivation of the AI-2 system decreased light production in culture, but not in the squid host. However, while an ainS mutant produces no detectable light in culture, a luxS mutant expressed approximately 70% of wild-type luminescence levels. A mutation in luxS alone did not compromise symbiotic competence of V. fischeri; however, levels of colonization of an ainS luxS double mutant were reduced to 50% of the already diminished level of ainS mutant colonization, suggesting that these two systems regulate colonization gene expression synergistically through a common pathway. Introduction of a luxO mutation into the luxS and ainS luxS background could relieve both luminescence and colonization defects, consistent with a model in which LuxS, like AinS, regulates gene expression through LuxO. Furthermore, while luxS transcription appeared to be constitutive and the AI-2 signal concentration did not change dramatically, our data suggest that ainS transcription is autoregulated, resulting in an over 2,000-fold increase in signal concentration as culture density increased. Taken together, these data indicate that V. fischeri LuxS affects both luminescence regulation and colonization competence; however, its quantitative contribution is small when compared to that of the AinS signal.

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Carratalà, Jordi, Jordi Niubó, Alberto Fernández-Sevilla, Eulalia Juvé, Xavier Castellsagué, Juan Berlanga, Josefina Liñares, and Francesc Gudiol. "Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of an Antibiotic-Lock Technique for Prevention of Gram-Positive Central Venous Catheter-Related Infection in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 2200–2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.9.2200.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of an antibiotic-lock technique in preventing endoluminal catheter-related infection with gram-positive bacteria in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies. Patients with nontunneled, multilumen central venous catheters were assigned in a randomized, double-blinded manner to receive either 10 U of heparin per ml (57 patients) or 10 U of heparin per ml and 25 μg of vancomycin per ml (60 patients), which were instilled in the catheter lumen and which were allowed to dwell in the catheter lumen for 1 h every 2 days. Insertion-site and hub swabs were taken twice weekly. The primary and secondary end points of the trial were significant colonization of the catheter hub and catheter-related bacteremia, respectively. Significant colonization of the catheter hub occurred in nine (15.8%) patients receiving heparin (seven patients were colonized with Staphylococcus epidermidis, one patient was colonized with Staphylococcus capitis, and one patient was colonized withCorynebacterium sp.), whereas the catheter hubs of none of the patients receiving heparin and vancomycin were colonized (P = 0.001). Catheter-related bacteremia developed in four (7%) patients receiving heparin (three patients had S. epidermidis bacteremia and one patient had S. capitisbacteremia), whereas none of the patients in the heparin and vancomycin group had catheter-related bacteremia (P = 0.05). The times to catheter hub colonization and to catheter-related bacteremia by the Kaplan-Meier method were longer in patients receiving heparin and vancomycin than in patients receiving heparin alone (P = 0.004 and P = 0.06, respectively). Our study shows that a solution containing heparin and vancomycin administered by using an antibiotic-lock technique effectively prevents catheter hub colonization with gram-positive bacteria and subsequent bacteremia during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancy.

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Tanzer, J. M., L. Grant, A. Thompson, L. Li, J. D. Rogers, E. M. Haase, and F. A. Scannapieco. "Amylase-binding proteins A (AbpA) and B (AbpB) differentially affect colonization of rats' teeth by Streptococcus gordonii." Microbiology 149, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 2653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26022-0.

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Abstract:

Streptococcus gordonii produces two α-amylase-binding proteins, AbpA and AbpB, that have been extensively studied in vitro. Little is known, however, about their significance in oral colonization and cariogenicity (virulence). To clarify these issues, weanling specific pathogen-free Osborne-Mendel rats, TAN : SPFOM(OM)BR, were inoculated either with wild-type strains FAS4-S or Challis-S or with strains having isogenic mutations of abpA, abpB, or both, to compare their colonization abilities and persistence on the teeth. Experiments were done with rats fed a sucrose-rich diet containing low amounts of starch or containing only starch. The mutants and wild-types were quantified in vivo and carious lesions were scored. In 11 experiments, S. gordonii was a prolific colonizer of the teeth when rats were fed the sucrose (with low starch)-supplemented diet, often dominating the flora. Sucrose-fed rats had several-fold higher recoveries of inoculants than those eating the sucrose-free, starch-supplemented diet, regardless of inoculant type. The strain defective in AbpB could not colonize teeth of starch-only-eating rats, but could colonize rats if sucrose was added to the diet. Strains defective in AbpA surprisingly colonized better than their wild-types. A double mutant deficient in both AbpA and AbpB (abpA/abpB) colonized like its wild-type. Wild-types FAS4-S and Challis-S had no more than marginal cariogenicity. Notably, in the absence of AbpA, cariogenicity was slightly augmented. Both the rescue of colonization by the AbpB− mutant and the augmentation of colonization by AbpA− mutant in the presence of dietary sucrose suggested additional amylase-binding protein interactions relevant to colonization. Glucosyltransferase activity was greater in mutants defective in abpA and modestly increased in the abpB mutant. It was concluded that AbpB is required for colonization of teeth of starch-eating rats and its deletion is partially masked if rats eat a sucrose-starch diet. AbpA appears to inhibit colonization of the plaque biofilm in vivo. This unexpected effect in vivo may be associated with interaction of AbpA with glucosyltransferase or with other colonization factors of these cells. These data illustrate that the complex nature of the oral environment may not be adequately modelled by in vitro systems.

Journal articles on the topic 'Double colonization'

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