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Banik, Shoma, Samir Banik, Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh, Parimol Chandra Mallick, Abdul Gofur, and Manjur E-Mahmud. "Bilateral double mandibular canal - a case report." Update Dental College Journal 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2013): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i1.13958.
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Objectives: The objective is to draw attention to the anatomical variation of mandibular canal (double mandibular canals). Methods: This case report showing clinical and radiographic findings of a patient who was presented with bilateral double mandibular canals were recorded. Results: Bifid or double mandibular canals can be detected on a panoramic radiograph. More precise information about the course of the canal can be revealed on CBCT scan. Conclusions: The detection of these bifid or double mandibular canals are important because of their clinical implications. Special attention has to be made in the surgical procedures, especially involving the lower jaw.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i1.13958 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (1): 31-34
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Öztürk, Ayla, Ayşe Tayman, and Anitha Potluri. "Observation of Double Mandibular Canals and Types of Bifid Canals in Dry Skulls." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2020-0018.
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SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and morphologic mandibular canal variations in dry skulls.Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were obtained of 57 skulls among the academic collection at the University of Pittsburgh. Orthodontic wire was inserted through the mandibular canal as a reference point at panoramic images for localization of the course of the mandibular canal.Results: Double mandibular canals were present in 2 out of 57 skulls (3,5%); one of them was unilateral the other one was bilateral. Additionally, bifurcation of the mandibular canal and different types of configurations were assessed. In five of the specimens (8,8%) bifid canals were identified. Among them, one case (1,7%) was identified as a forward type. In one case additional canal (1,7%), was detected in the retromolar region, which joined the main canal. Three of the specimens (5,3%) showed accessory canal types. These were the canals that detached from the main canal and proceeded towards the molar teeth roots (dental type). All of these bifid canal types were unilateral.Conclusions: Our results depicted the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal. Dental practitioners should be aware of this underestimated but not a rare occurrence of mandibular canal variations in order to avoid complication during surgical procedures.
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Manfron, Ana Paula Tulio, Alessandra Soares Ditzel, Flávia Gasparini Kiatake Fontão, and Luciana Rei Azevedo-Alanis. "Double Retromolar Canal: a Case Report." Journal of Health Sciences 21, no. 5 (December 20, 2019): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n5p474-476.
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AbstractThe retromolar canal is an anatomical variation of the mandibular canal. Its neurovascular bundle may extend to areas of the temporalis tendon, and areas of buccinator muscle insertion in the alveolar process at lower third molar region, beside the retromolar fossa. The observation of the retromolar canal in conventional radiographs is limited by the presence of increased bone condensation in the region due to overlapping anatomical structures. The use of three-dimensional imaging techniques, such as cone beam computed tomography can contribute significantly for the treatment planning.Some complications may occur in surgical procedures involving the retromolar area when the retromolar canals are present, such as hemorrhage, failure in anesthesia and injuries to nerve branches. This study reported an unusual case of a double retromolar canal on the left side of the mandible, that led to the change of the treatment planning in a 54-year-old male patient. Furthermore, the clinical and surgical consequences of these findings in oral rehabilitation were discussed. The cone beam computed tomography was an important diagnostic tool in the observation of the presence and the exact location of retromolar canal. Retromolar canals may be detected on a panoramic radiograph. However, more precise information about the anatomical variation can be shown on cross sectional cone beam computed tomography images. Keywords: Anatomic Variation. Mandible. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. ResumoO canal retromolar é uma variação anatômica do canal da mandíbula. Seu feixe vásculo-nervoso pode se estender para áreas do tendão do músculo temporal, áreas de inserção do músculo bucinador e no processo alveolar na região do terceiro molar inferior, além da fossa retromolar. A observação do canal retromolar em radiografias convencionais é limitada pela presença de condensação óssea com sobreposição de estruturas anatômicas. Devido a esse fato o uso de técnicas de imagem tridimensionais, como a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, contribuem significativamente para o planejamento do tratamento. Algumas complicações podem ocorrer em procedimentos cirúrgicos envolvendo a região retromolar quando o canal retromolar está presente, como hemorragia, falha na anestesia e lesões aos ramos nervosos. Este estudo relatou um caso incomum de canal retromolar duplo, do lado esquerdo da mandíbula, causando alterações no planejamento clínico do tratamento de um paciente do sexo masculino de 54 anos de idade. Além disso, as consequências clínicas e cirúrgicas desses achados na reabilitação bucal foram discutidas. Atomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico apresentou-se como importante ferramenta diagnóstica na observação da presença e localização exata do canal retromolar. Canais retromolares podem ser detectados em uma radiografia panorâmica. No entanto, informações mais precisas sobre esta variação anatômica podem ser mostradas em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Palavras-chave: Variação Anatômica. Mandíbula. Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico.AbstractThe retromolar canal is an anatomical variation of the mandibular canal. Its neurovascular bundle may extend to areas of the temporalis tendon, and areas of buccinator muscle insertion in the alveolar process at lower third molar region, beside the retromolar fossa. The observation of the retromolar canal in conventional radiographs is limited by the presence of increased bone condensation in the region due to overlapping anatomical structures. The use of three-dimensional imaging techniques, such as cone beam computed tomography can contribute significantly for the treatment planning.Some complications may occur in surgical procedures involving the retromolar area when the retromolar canals are present, such as hemorrhage, failure in anesthesia and injuries to nerve branches. This study reported an unusual case of a double retromolar canal on the left side of the mandible, that led to the change of the treatment planning in a 54-year-old male patient. Furthermore, the clinical and surgical consequences of these findings in oral rehabilitation were discussed. The cone beam computed tomography was an important diagnostic tool in the observation of the presence and the exact location of retromolar canal. Retromolar canals may be detected on a panoramic radiograph. However, more precise information about the anatomical variation can be shown on cross sectional cone beam computed tomography images. Keywords: Anatomic Variation. Mandible. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. ResumoO canal retromolar é uma variação anatômica do canal da mandíbula. Seu feixe vásculo-nervoso pode se estender para áreas do tendão do músculo temporal, áreas de inserção do músculo bucinador e no processo alveolar na região do terceiro molar inferior, além da fossa retromolar. A observação do canal retromolar em radiografias convencionais é limitada pela presença de condensação óssea com sobreposição de estruturas anatômicas. Devido a esse fato o uso de técnicas de imagem tridimensionais, como a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, contribuem significativamente para o planejamento do tratamento. Algumas complicações podem ocorrer em procedimentos cirúrgicos envolvendo a região retromolar quando o canal retromolar está presente, como hemorragia, falha na anestesia e lesões aos ramos nervosos. Este estudo relatou um caso incomum de canal retromolar duplo, do lado esquerdo da mandíbula, causando alterações no planejamento clínico do tratamento de um paciente do sexo masculino de 54 anos de idade. Além disso, as consequências clínicas e cirúrgicas desses achados na reabilitação bucal foram discutidas. Atomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico apresentou-se como importante ferramenta diagnóstica na observação da presença e localização exata do canal retromolar. Canais retromolares podem ser detectados em uma radiografia panorâmica. No entanto, informações mais precisas sobre esta variação anatômica podem ser mostradas em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Palavras-chave: Variação Anatômica. Mandíbula. Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico.
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Jamleh, Ahmed, Hajar Albanyan, Ali Alaqla, Hamad Alissa, Nawaf Alshetan, Sulaiman Alraffa, and Abdulmohsen Alfadley. "Impact of cooling on shaping ability of thermally treated files in canal models with double curvature." PeerJ 11 (August 8, 2023): e15830. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15830.
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Background This study compared the ability of thermally treated files in shaping simulated canals with double curvature. Fifty-six canals were enlarged to a final size of 25 with ProTaper Next (PTN) or ZenFlex (ZF). Materials Half of the samples were shaped with cooled files (n = 14 each). The amount of removed resin was measured and canal deviation was determined at eight levels. Shaping time and maximum shaping torque values were also recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and LSD, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-square tests at a 0.05 significance level. Results Compared to PTN and cooled PTN, ZF and cooled ZF required lesser time to shape the canals. The maximum torques were found comparable between the groups. All the groups generated negligible deviations at every canal level evaluated and maintained the canal geometry. Although not significant, the cooled PTN and ZF files exhibited lesser canal deviations than their counterparts. Conclusion All groups demonstrated similar shaping ability whilst maintaining the original curvature of the canal in simulated canals with double curvature. However, ZF groups were able to shape the canals faster than PTN groups. There was a trend that cooled files made lesser canal deviations compared to their counterparts.
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Shrestha, Sandhya, Anu Karmacharya, Ankit Saha, and Meenu Shrestha. "An Observational Study on Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Incisors in a Dental College Hospital." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 10, no. 01 (August 9, 2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v10i01.47241.
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INTRODUCTIONAdditional canals are frequent findings in radicular morphology of the mandibular incisors. Finding additional canals and their obturation significantly improve the prognosis of endodontic treatment. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) best visualize all canals and their configurations. The study assessed root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors on CBCT images of the patients. MATERIAL AND METHODSAn observational cross-sectional study was carried during July-October 2021 on 42 CBCT images of the patients visiting Kantipur Dental College and Hospital. The samples were selected using convenience sampling presenting with bilateral mandibular central and lateral incisors. Root canals and their configurations were assessed on 168 teeth. The presence of unilateral or bilateral additional root canal was recorded and chi-square test was used to test its association with gender (p < 0.05). RESULTThe prevalence of additional canal was 27.4% in mandibular incisors. Bilateral symmetrical distribution of extra canal in mandibular central and lateral incisors were 36.3% and 41.6% respectively. There was a significant association between the presence of extra canal and gender in both central incisors (p-value 0.019) and lateral incisors (p-value 0.009). Type I canal configuration was most prevalent (72.6%) followed by Type III (22.6%). CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of double canals in mandibular incisors is 35% in male and 4% in female samples confirming the male predominance. Bilaterally symmetrical occurrence of double canal is evident up to 41%. CBCT evaluation helps in the visualization of missing root canals during endodontic therapy.
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Almohaimede, Amal A., Alanoud A. Alqahtani, Norah M. Alhatlani, Nouf S. Alsaloom, and Shafia A. Alqahtani. "Interpretation of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines in Saudi Subpopulation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (February 12, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574512.
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The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the root canal anatomy of permanent canines in a Saudi subpopulation utilizing CBCT. A total of 1328 CBCT images of maxillary (634) and mandibular (694) permanent canines were collected from Saudi patients who visited the College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh. The images were analyzed for root and canal numbers, canal configuration types, and symmetry between the bilateral canine teeth in each arch. Gender, age, and tooth position were recorded. The Kappa test was used for both inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test at a P value ≤ 0.05 . There were no two-rooted teeth in maxillary canines, and 1.89% had two canals. Double roots and double canals in mandibular canines were found in 2.88% and 9.94% of the teeth, respectively. Type I canal configuration was more common in maxillary canines (97.94%) compared to mandibular canines (92.07%). Maxillary canines showed higher bilateral symmetries of root and canal numbers and canal configuration types (100%, 98.1%, and 97.9%, resp.) compared to mandibular canines (97.1%, 90.1%, and 92.1%, respectively). The majority of maxillary and mandibular canines had a single root with a single canal and type I canal configuration. Mandibular canines are characterized by having more than one root and canal and alterations in root canal configurations compared to maxillary canines.
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Sana, U., I. U. Niazi, R. S. Din, M. Rasheed, I. Haider, and O. Yousaf. "Root. Canal. Morphology. of Mandibular. First. Permanent. Molars. in a Pakistani. Sub-population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561314.
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Aim : To investigate the number and. patterns of. root canals. of mandibular. first. molars.. Methods.: Descriptive observational study to investigate the canal morphology using clearing technique. The duration of the study was one year from 1st February 2020 to 1st February 2021.Non purposive sampling technique was used and 200 mandibular first molar were collected. Data collected was analysed using the SPSS Vr 10. Study variables include Number and pattern of the roots in mandibular teeth. Descriptive statistics were used; frequencies of the root canals and their canal pattern were calculated. Results: In the mesial root, 14 teeth had a one root canal,186 possessed double root canals were observed. Distal root of 160 teeth possessed one canal, 40 teeth possessed two root canals with type 1 pattern mostly observed. Conclusion: Like other populations Pakistani population may have a diverse root canal system in the mandibular molars that ultimately affect endodontic therapy. Keywords: Roots, canals, anatomy, tooth clearing technique, demineralization
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Kacarska, Marina, and Julija Zivadinovic. "Root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary first premolars." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 64, no. 01 (2018): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2018.64.01.008.
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Understanding the root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary premolars is a key prerequisite for successful surgical and endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary first premolars. To achieve the set task, 30 maxillary first premolars were extracted. After thorough rinse visual assessment of root anatomy was made. Each root was transversally sectioned six millimeters from apex with a straight hand piece. The apical samples were decalcificated in 7.5% trichloroacetic acid, transversal sections were made, stored in 10% formalin then dyed in hematoxylin and eosin and numerated from I to VI. Apical canal morphology was evaluated with an optical microscope. Majority of maxillary first premolars had double roots (63.0%; n=19) that were mostly separated (50.0%; n=15) containing a single root canal. Minority had double roots that were fused (13.0%; n=4) with two root canals. Single root with almost equal occurrence of two, as well as variable root canal configuration were found in (30.0%; n=9). A very rare occurrence of maxillary first premolars with three roots (7.0%; n=2) was detected, two vestibular and one palatal, each containing a single canal configuration. Accessory lateral canals were detected in 20% of maxillary first premolars. Transversal communications were detected in maxillary premolars with one root and double fused roots (26.6%; n=8). A single apical foramen was detected in majority of maxillary first premolars (50.0%; n=15). Two apical foramina were detected in (33.4%; n=10), three in (10.0%; n=3) and four in (6.6%; n=2) maxillary premolars. Keywords: maxillary first premolar, root anatomy, apical canal morphology, decalcification, optical microscopy
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Mukhaimer, Raed Hakam. "Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular First Molars in a Palestinian Population by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 13, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/583621.
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Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of canals and variations in root canal configuration in the mandibular permanent first molar teeth of a Palestinian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. A sample of 320 extracted double-rooted mandibular permanent first molars from Palestinian population was collected for this study and scanned with CBCT scanner. The following observations were made: number of root canals per root and canal configuration in each root based on Vertucci’s classification. Results. Of the 320 mandibular first molars analyzed, 174 (54.4%) had three canals, 132 teeth (41.3%) had four canals, and only four teeth had two canals. The most common canal configuration in the mesial roots was Vertucci type IV (53.8%) followed by type II (38.8%). In the distal roots, the most prevalent canal configuration was Vertucci type I (57.5%) followed by type II ( 22.5%) and type III (10.6%). Conclusion. Our results showed that the number of canals and canal configuration in Palestinian population were consistent with previously reported data. The present study also indicates that CBCT is helpful as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of root canal morphology.
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Fatima, Nafees, Shamir Rahman, Md Jawed Akhtar, and Vinod Kumar. "Duplication of hypoglossal canal in North Indian human skulls." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (May 27, 2017): 2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172423.
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Background: The hypoglossal canal is one among the permanent components of occipital bone of both human being and animal skull, which transmits the twelfth cranial nerve, meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery and emissary veins. This is commonly known as anterior condylar canal. In some cases, this canal is divided by a bony spicule leading to a variant known as double hypoglossal canal. Such partition of hypoglossal canal predisposes the roots of twelfth cranial nerve to entrapment in the occipital bone during ossification which subsequently may leads to an alteration in the tongue movement as well as speech. The objectives of the present study were to obtain the incidence of the variant of double hypoglossal canal in north Indian population especially in Bihar and compare the incidence of such type of variation in skull of different parts of our country as well as various races of the world.Methods: The present study was carried out on 110 undamaged dry adult human crania of unknown age and sex for any variations in the hypoglossal canal or incidence of double hypoglossal canal.Results: We observed 15 cases (13.63%) of double hypoglossal canal in which 8 (7.27%) specimens had unilateral while 7 (6.36%) specimens had bilateral double hypoglossal canal. Double hypoglossal canal was more common in right side. In 5 cases (4.54%) unilateral bony spicules were seen.Conclusions: The study about the hypoglossal canal and its different variation is very important to clinicians, anatomist, forensic experts as well as anthropologists too. The knowledge about the different dimensions of hypoglossal canal is also very essential for neurosurgeons and radiologist for the planning of the surgeries around the posterior cranial fossa for tumors like schwannoma of hypoglossal nerve and treatment of sleep apnea syndrome. Hence the detailed morphometric study of hypoglossal canal will be helpful for the planning of surgical intervention around the base of skull becomes easier and safer.
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Islam, Mohammad Aminul, Tasnim Wakia, and Md Shamsul Alam. "Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolars of Bangladeshi Population." Update Dental College Journal 2, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15481.
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Background: The presence of a single root canal in mandibular first premolar cannot be assumed always. The variability in canal morpholohy of root canal includes the number & shape of the canal as well as pathways of the canals. Methods: In this study, 100 mandibular first premolar teeth were evaluated by clearing technique. Collected teeth were cleaned and merged with 5.25% NaOCl for 48 hours. Then the teeth were decalcified with 5% nitric acid for 72 hours followed by dehydrated sequentially with 80-100% alcohol. After dehydration, Indian Ink was injected into the canal through the previously prepared access cavity. Finally the teeth were made transperent by 98% methylsalicylate and examined. Results: Out of 100 mandibular first premolar teeth, 89 were single rooted, 10 with double rooted and only 1 was triple. On evaluation of canal configuration according to Weine classification, mandibular first premolars had 64% type I, 5% type II, 22% type III and 9% type IV. Apical delta was found incase of 8% mandibular first premolar tooth. Conclusion: Based on this study, mandibular first premolar teeth of Bangladeshi population have multiple roots and canals and variable canal configurations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15481 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 03-07
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Eliades, Apostolos N., Kalliopi H. Manta, and Anastasios T. Tsirlis. "Neurovascular Content of the Mandibular Canal and Its Clinical Relevance: A Literature Review of the Related Anatomical and Radiological Studies." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 18, no. 3 (November 1, 2014): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0020.
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SUMMARYIn literature, anatomical variations of the inferior alveolar nerve branches (infratemporal, extraosseous and intraosseous) are reported and their importance in clinical practice is discussed too. The spatial vessels’ position in relationship with the nerve in the mandibular canal was explored, which is of clinical significance in impacted third molar and implant surgery. It is believed that the neurovascular content of the main mandibular canal follows any variations of the mandibular canal i.e. bifid mandibular, retromolar and accessory mental canals. Retrospective studies and case reports reported the presence of multiple foramina on the medial surface of the ramus, near the main mandibular foramen. In some cases, one supplementary mandibular foramen was found to be connected with the lower third molar, which is called “temporal crest canal”. Others found an accessory mandibular foramen that led into a second mandibular canal which joined the main mandibular canal (double) anteriorly. The bony canals contained a terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve or a branch of inferior alveolar nerve before it entered the mandibular foramen.The aim of the study was to describe and classify anatomical structures of the mandibular canal and posterior foramina of the mandible through an extensive review of the corresponding studies via the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases.
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Redleaf, M. I., J. M. Pinto, and J. J. Klemens. "Imaging case study: enlarged superior vestibular nerve canal with sensorineural hearing loss." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 5 (May 23, 2008): 572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215108002764.
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AbstractObjective:We report a new temporal bone anomaly – an enlarged superior vestibular nerve canal – associated with sensorineural hearing loss.Case report:A 10-month-old male infant presented with sensorineural hearing loss together with bilaterally enlarged superior vestibular nerve canals. Compared with published temporal bone computed tomography measurements, our patient's canals were normal in length but approximately double the normal width. In addition, careful review of the imaging did not clearly identify a bony wedge between the superior and inferior vestibular nerve canals.Conclusion:Enlarged superior vestibular nerve canal malformation may be a marker for sensorineural hearing loss. Increased vigilance amongst otologists may establish the prevalence of this anomaly and its possible effects on hearing.
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Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen, Muath Saad Alassaf, Shadia A. Elsayed, Abdulmajeed Saud Alharbi, Abdulsamad Talaat Habeeb, Marwan Ahmad Alqurashi, Khalid Ahmed Albulushi, Mohamed Omar Elboraey, Kamal Alsultan, and Ihab Ismail Mahmoud. "Morphometric Analysis of the Midline Mandibular Lingual Canal and Mandibular Lingual Foramina: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416910.
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the midline mandibular lingual canals and foramina and their anatomic variations using CBCT scans. Methods: This study used retrospective analysis. A total of 320 CBCT scans were used to evaluate the study parameters, which comprised the presence or absence of the mandibular lingual foramen (MLF)/mandibular lingual canal (MLC) and its category, the distance between the buccal cortex and the start of the MLC, the distance between the inferior border of the mandible and the superior border of the foramen at its lingual and buccal terminals. The length and diameter of each canal at its lingual and buccal terminals. Results: MLC was found in all included CBCT scans. Out of 320 included CBCT scans, a single canal was represented by 30.9%, double canals (Supra with Infra -spinosum) configuration appeared in 54.7%, and triple canals (Supra-Inter-Infra) represented 14.7%. The supraspinosum canals averaged 5.81 ± 2.08 mm in length and 0.87 ± 0.30 mm in diameter at the lingual terminal. In terms of the number of canals, there was a significant difference between men and women (p ≤ 0.001), with 60% of the men in the sample having double canals and 43.1% of the women having single canals. Moreover, the male gender had a higher prevalence of triple canals (21.3% vs. 8.1%) than females. Males and females were distributed equally among the supraspinosum canals, with no statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.7). A considerable increase in the finding of interspinosum and infraspinosum canals was seen in the male sample (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: midline mandibular canals were found in all investigated CBCTs of the sample of both sexes; however, the anatomy and location of the MLF and canals varied significantly among the Saudi population.
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Soni, Ankita, Pradeep Jain, Pallav Mahesh Patni, Swadhin Raghuwanshi, Sanket Hans Pandey, Shubham Tripathi, and Swati Jain. "Comparison of various methods for removing double antibiotic paste from root canal walls during regenerative endodontic therapy." Endodontology 35, no. 4 (2023): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_60_23.
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ABSTRACT Aim: This study investigated the efficacy of Endoactivator, Pro-agitator tip system (PATS) Vario, BF brush, and dual side-vented needle irrigation to remove double antibiotic paste (DAP) from the root canal. Methods: Biomechanical preparation till size #25 (F2) was carried out utilizing the Protaper Universal System on 92 extracted teeth with single root and root canal. All the canals were filled with DAP for 21 days, and the roots were split into two halves (n = 20) and divided into four groups randomly based on the irrigation method, using either dual side-vented needle irrigation, BF brush, Endoactivator, or PATS Vario. Under a stereomicroscope, the quantity of medication still present at every root half was assessed using a four-grade scoring system. Results: PATS Vario (0.46 ± 0.50) followed by Endoactivator (0.46 ± 0.52) groups were substantially more effective at eliminating DAP from the root canal than BF brush groups (0.98 ± 0.58) and dual side-vented irrigation tips (2.29 ± 0.53) (P < 0.05) However, none of the methods succeeded in entirely removing antibiotic paste from canal walls. Conclusion: PATS Vario Group was more efficient than Endoactivator at eliminating DAP from root canal walls, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
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Dosemane, Deviprasad, Meera Niranjan Khadilkar, Shreyanshi Gupta, Pooja Nambiar, and Ria Mukherjee. "Double Trouble of Double Fistulae." Biomedicine 41, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v41i1.556.
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The complications of attico-antral type of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) are severe due to underlying bone erosion. We describe a case of a 40-year-old lady with attico-antral CSOM and mastoiditis with a postauricular fistula, who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy with excision of the postauricular cutaneous mastoid fistula. Interestingly, another fistula over the dome of lateral semicircular canal was noted intraoperatively.Few reports of occurrence of postauricular mastoid fistula with a labyrinthine fistula have been documented.
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Deng, Prunella Ubung, Mohamad Syahrizal Halim, Sam'an Malik Masudi, Saaid Al-Shehadat, and Basaruddin Ahmad. "Cone-beam computed tomography analysis on root and canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molar among multiracial population in East Coast Malaysian population." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 03 (July 2018): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_82_18.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the variations in the number of root and canal in the mandibular first permanent molars (MFPMs) teeth in East Coast Malaysian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images which show MFPMs recorded in HUSM Dental Clinic between January 2015 and June 2016 was obtained and analyzed for their number of roots and canals. A total of 208 CBCT images of MFPMs were collected; 118 patients had unilateral molars and 90 patients had bilateral molars. The following observations were made: (1) root number; (2) number of canals per root; and (3) comparisons of number of roots and canals according to gender, ethnicity, and position. Results: The majority of cases of bilateral MFPM had the same number of roots (95.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.01%, 98.78%) on both the right and left side and only 4 cases (4.4%, 95% CI: 1.22%, 10.99%) had 3 roots on the right and 2 roots on the left sides. The majority of cases had the same number of canals on both sides (66.7%, 95% CI: 55.95, 76.26%) and 33.3% (95% CI: 23.74%, 44.05%) with unequal number of canals. The occurrence of the number of canals was not independent of the sides of the arch (P < 0.001) and there was statistically significantly greater proportion of cases who had greater number of canals on the right side than the left (P = 0.03). The prevalence of right single-rooted MFPM was very small at 0.3% (n = 1) in a Malay male (95% CI: 0.00, 1.83) and the most prevalent was two roots first molar (88.4%). The number of roots was not associated with sex or ethnic group (P > 0.05). The MFPM with a single root was found to have only one mesial canal. For two rooted MFPM, the most prevalent occurrence was two canals at the mesial and one canal at the distal roots (59%); followed by single canals in each mesial and distal (21%) and double canals per root (18%). Three roots MFPM have either single or double canals in the mesial root and double canals in the distal root. Conclusions: The majority of population in the East Coast region of Malaysia has two roots and three root canals in their MFPMs. There was no difference in the number of roots between gender and ethnic and canals between ethnic.
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Shrestha, Kriti, Snigdha Shubham, Sageer Ahmed, and Vanita Gautam. "Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular canine." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 21, no. 3 (March 22, 2024): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v21i3.4707.
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Background: Mandibular canines are recognized as usually having one root and one root canal in most cases. However, many investigators have reported the anatomical variations associated with mandibular canines. Thus; the objective of this study is to determine the number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular canine in a Nepalese population.Methods: Cone Beam Computerized Tomography images of 390 patients in a Nepalese population were selected, and a total of 780 mandibular canines were analyzed. The number of root and the canal configurations were investigated. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis and Chi-square tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).Results: Out of the 780 mandibular canines, 741(95%) were single-rooted canines while only 39 (5%) were double-rooted canines. The most common type of Vertucci in single-rooted canines was Type I (1-1) in the percentage of 85.6% and the least type was Type IV (1-2) in the percentage of (2.5%). The Chi-square tests showed no significant association between gender and number of roots (P = 0.87) and gender and root canal configuration in single-rooted canine (P = 0.52). Conclusions: All mandibular permanent canines were single rooted but 5.2% of the permanent mandibular canines had two roots.Keywords: Canine; Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT); double root; root canals.
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Shroff, Manan, Dexter Brave, Vishnu Pratap Singh Rathore, Vinay Sharma, Jash Mehta, and Sachi Jiteshkumar Thakkar. "Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simvastatin and Double Antibiotic Paste as Intracanal Medicaments: A Randomised Clinical Study." Advances in Human Biology 14, no. 2 (2024): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_141_23.
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Abstract Introduction: Root canal debridement, irrigation and a microorganism-free environment are key factors in the success of root canal treatment. Intracanal medicaments are used to enhance root canal disinfection. Simvastatin is derived from lovastatin and is a semisynthetic medication. This study compares and evaluates the effect of simvastatin and double antibiotic paste (DAP) as an intracanal medicament in single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis using colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with single-rooted teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis were selected. Under aseptic conditions, patency was gained, sterile saline solution was deposited in the canal and the first sample (S1) was collected. Cleaning and shaping were then carried out following an appropriate technique depending on the configuration of the canal. After irrigation and biomechanical preparation, teeth were randomly assigned to two different groups, and the test intracanal medicament was applied to the root canals. Coronal openings were sealed with temporary restorative cement. The second sample (S2) was collected after 7 days. The samples obtained were checked for a reduction in the bacterial load. They were incubated aerobically for 48 h, and the CFUs were calculated. The Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests were used to analyse the results statistically. Results: A significant reduction in bacterial count was present after administration of the intracanal medicament. On intergroup comparison, there was no statistically significant difference in bacterial decrease between the two groups. Comparatively, the mean reduction in the bacterial count was higher in the DAP group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that DAP and simvastatin were effective in the reduction of the bacterial count in single-rooted teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis. However, DAP demonstrated a better performance in the reduction of bacterial counts.
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Javors, B. R., and E. S. Gould. "Double anal canal: complication of rectal fecalith." Radiology 179, no. 3 (June 1991): 687–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.179.3.2027975.
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Cheshkova, M. A. "Double canal hypersurfaces in the Euclidean spaceEn." Sbornik: Mathematics 191, no. 6 (June 30, 2000): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/sm2000v191n06abeh000488.
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Novellas, S., P. Chevallier, A. Iannelli, M. C. Saint Paul, J. Gugenheim, and J. N. Bruneton. "Aspect en IRM d’un double canal cholédocien." Journal de Radiologie 88, no. 11 (November 2007): 1717–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(07)74051-9.
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Zhu, Xiang Hong, and Zeng Bin Jiang. "Restoration of Eco-River in Hefeng Village." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.963.
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Restoration of eco-river took advantage of double river canal, tegular dam, and wetland system to purify wastewater from Hefeng village. The river flood control standard could meet 50-year flood with double river canals. And tegular dams were piled up of eco-bags which could come into buds and plants. They divided the river into 5 wetlands. In the wetland, bacterial was oxidized and decomposed, and algae carried out photosynthesis. Diversified aquatic vegetation and animal were introduced. They formed intricate food chains to degradate organisms and assimilate inorganic substance. The eco-river purified water, and made friendly habitat for all the creatures.
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Ellana Jermiah, Joseph, Arathi Rao, N. Srikant, Ashwin Rao, and BS Suprabha. "Comparative Evaluation of Three Obturating Techniques in Primary Molars: An in Vivo Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 43, no. 6 (October 1, 2019): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.6.2.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the quality of obturation between the two tested methods for root canal filling with a newer system in primary teeth. Study design: A total of 104 canals were prepared and obturated using zinc oxide eugenol paste. The three delivery systems compared were: Rotary lentulospiral and Navitip® withNavitip® Double Sideport. Radiographs were used to evaluate the canals for length of obturation and presence of voids. Results: The data were analyzed using chi-square tests. Significant differences was seen between the three groups for the presence of voids (p value =0.042) with less voids in Navitip® Double Sideport. There were no difference between the three groups for the extent of filling (p value=0.170). Conclusion- Navitip® Double Sideport showed the better results in terms of extent of obturation and absence of voids when compared to the Rotary lentulospiral and Navitip®.
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Masia, Stefano L., Giuseppe D. Sanna, Gildo Matta, Andrea Balata, and Guglielmo Padua. "Double-chambered left ventricle and partial atrioventricular canal." European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging 16, no. 3 (October 29, 2014): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeu214.
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Imamura, Michiaki, Jonathan J. Drummond-Webb, George E. Sarris, Daniel J. Murphy, and Roger B. B. Mee. "Double-outlet right ventricle with complete atrioventricular canal." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 66, no. 3 (September 1998): 942–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(98)00625-0.
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Bansal, Nitish, Gitesh Singh, Punit Tiwari, and Harmeet Kaur. "Double Trouble of “Double Segmental” Fractures – A Report of Two Cases." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 12, no. 02 (2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i02.2652.
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Introduction:A “double segmental” fracture is an injury pattern that has three fracture sites and four fracture segments in a single bone. It is extremely rare, with only three “Double segmental femoral fracture” and only four “double segmental tibia fracture” cases reported in the literature. These fractures are associated with difficulty in deciding the implant for fixation, segment reduction, maintenance of reduction, maintaining blood supply of segment during fixation, and the high risk of post-operative complications. Case Report:We present two unique cases, one of “double segmental femur fracture” and the other of “double segmental tibia fracture,” fixed with intramedullary nailing. When Schanz screw or Steinman pins were used to reduce the intermediate fragments and hold them in place, they interfered with the reaming due to the protruding part in the narrow canal. This problem could be solved using weber clamps to hold reduction as they do not obscure the canal. All the fractures united uneventfully at 9 months follow-up. Conclusion: A “single intramedullary device” to fix “all the segments” can help provide stabilization without compromising soft-tissue attachments and viability of the intermediate fracture segments in “double segmental” fractures. Keywords: Double segmental fracture, intramedullary nailing, trifocal fracture, femur, tibia, fracture.
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Machado, Ricardo, Antonis Chaniottis, Jorge Vera, Carlos Saucedo, Luiz Pascoal Vansan, and Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva. "S-Shaped Canals: A Series of Cases Performed by Four Specialists around the World." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/359438.
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Recognition of anatomical variations is a real challenge for clinicians undertaking therapy regardless of the teeth that are to be treated. The extent of the curvature is one of the most important variables that could lead to instrument fracture. In clinical conditions, two curves can be present in the same root canal trajectory. This type of geometry is denoted as the “S” shape, and it is a challenging condition. This report describes a different clinical and educational scenario where four specialists around the world present different approaches for the treatment of root canals with double curvatures or S-shaped canals. Endodontic therapy is a very nuanced and challenging science and art. The clinical and teaching experience of the authors show different approaches that can be successfully employed to treat challenging teeth having roots with multiple curves. The necessity of precise knowledge of the root canal morphology and its variation is also underlined.
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Silva, Paula Barcellos, Angélica Mohnsam Krolow, Katerine Jahnecke Pilownic, Renata Picanço Casarin, Regina Karla Pontes Lima, Renato de Toledo Leonardo, and Fernanda Geraldo Pappen. "Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigants Using Different Irrigation Needles." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 2 (April 2016): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600382.
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Abstract This study evaluated the influence of irrigation tip, root canal curvature and final apical diameter on periapical debris and irrigant extrusion during root canal instrumentation. After being classified as mildly or moderately curved, the mesiobuccal root canals of 90 human molars were instrumented. The teeth were allocated into three groups according to the used needle type: a flat open-end needle (Group 1), a side-vented needle (Group 2) or a double side-vented needle (Group 3). The amount of extruded material after instrumentation was calculated for each group. The differences in irrigant and debris extrusion between the experimental groups were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Irrigation tips and final instrument diameter differences were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multiple groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test with a Bonferroni correction at α=0.05. The amount of extruded material from the double side-vented needle was significantly less than the open-ended flat needle (p=0.008), but there was no difference compared to the side-vented needle (p=0.929). The results showed no effect of root curvature and final apical diameter on the amount of irrigant and debris extrusion (p>0.05). The double side-vented needles generated the least material extrusion to the periapical tissues. Irrigation needle type had the greatest influence on periapical irrigant and debris extrusion and the double side-vented needles may be safely used during endodontic therapy.
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Mohammadzadeh Akhlaghi, Nahid, Bahareh Dadresanfar, Pooneh Mohebbi, Mehdi Vatanpour, and Shabnam Sohanian. "Root thickness evaluation of mandibular incisors." Edorium Journal of Dentistry 2, no. 2 (December 5, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/d01-2015-12-oa-10.
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Aims: Mandibular incisors are the smallest teeth in the mouth. They have thin roots with concavities and are very important for aesthetic and also for speaking. Due to their narrow internal anatomy, preparing the root canal and post space might be very difficult and endangers them for root wall perforation or fracture. The aim of this study was to measure the root thickness of mandibular incisors. Methods: Root wall thicknesses of eighty mandibular incisors were measured in four sections including the CEJ, 3 mm apical to the CEJ, 4 mm and one mm coronal to the apex and in buccal, lingual and proximal surfaces of concavity areas, using a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed by repeated measured ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: Buccal surface of the buccal canals and lingual surface of the lingual canals in double-canalled incisors had the greatest root thicknesses compare to the proximal surfaces. Root thickness of single-canalled root was more than of double-canalled ones. Proximal walls had the least root thicknesses in all the sections especially in section 4, at 1 mm from the apex, which was less than 1 mm. Conclusion: In order to avoid technical mishaps during root canal procedures, attention must be paid to the thin concavity proximal walls using anticurvature flaring and also in selection of proper size of master apical file.
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Nasim, Hina, and Shakeel Kazmi. "Root canal configuration of human permanent anterior teeth: a cross-sectional study using cone-beam computed tomography in the Pakistani population." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 74, no. 9 (August 23, 2024): 1608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.10199.
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Objective: To analyse and document internal root morphological variations in permanent anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography. Methods: The cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted from January 21 to June 19, 2021, at Jinnah Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Body Scan, and comprised data from July to December 2020 related to all the patients who had been referred to the centre for dental cone-beam computed tomography scan. The scans were evaluated at the Radiology Department of the School of Dentistry at Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan. The morphology of the roots and root canals in all permanent anterior teeth was examined. Root canal configuration was categorised using Vertucci's classification. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 211 patients, 116(55%) were females and 95(45%) were males. The overall mean age was 39.9±1.02 years (range: 15-65 years). All the permanent anterior teeth exhibited a single root, with the exception 2(0.9%) mandibular right and 4(1.9%) left canines which had double roots. Type I root canals were observed in all 211 (100%) maxillary right central incisors, maxillary left central incisors and maxillary left canines. Among maxillary right canines, 208(98.6%) had type-I root canals, and the corresponding value for maxillary right lateral incisors was 209(99.1%), and for maxillary left lateral incisors, the value was 210(99.5%). Root canal polymorphism had no significant association with gender (p>0.05). Conclusion: The presence of type-I root canal was common in permanent anterior teeth, and there was significant association of root canal polymorphism with gender. Key Words: Cone-beam computed tomography, Dental pulp cavity, Anterior teeth, Vertucci’s classification.
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Pinheiro, Sergio Luiz, Caio Cesar da Silva, Lucas Augusto da Silva, Marina P. Cicotti, Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno, Carlos Eduardo Fontana, Letícia R. Pagrion, Natália P. Dalmora, Thaís T. Daque, and Francisco UF de Campos. "Antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and ozonated water as irrigants in mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 01 (January 2018): 094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_324_17.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and ozonated water on biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans in mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental ex vivo study in microbiologic laboratory. Sixty mesiobuccal root canals with severe curvature of mandibular molars were contaminated with standard strains of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and C. albicans. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) according to irrigating solution: SH: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; CH: 2% chlorhexidine; O3: ozonated water; and control: double-distilled water. The mesiobuccal root canals of all groups were instrumented with the WaveOne Gold Primary reciprocating system. Three cycles of instrumentation with three short in-and-out brushing motions were performed: (1) in the coronal third, (2) in the middle third, and (3) in the apical third of the canal. A ProGlider file was used before the first cycle. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Samples were collected for viable bacterial counts before and after instrumentation. Results: All groups showed significant biofilm reduction after irrigation (P < 0.01). After instrumentation, sodium hypochlorite (98.07%), chlorhexidine (98.31%), and ozonated water (98.02%) produced a significantly reduction in bacterial counts compared with double-distilled water (control, 72.98%) (P < 0.01). Conclusion: All irrigants tested in this study showed similar antimicrobial activity. Thus, ozonated water may be an option for microbial reduction in the root canal system.
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Nagpal, Ritesh, Sonali Taneja, and Vidhi Kiran Bhalla. "The effect of bioactive glass-based, bioceramic based and epoxy amine resin based root canal sealers on post-obturation pain: A double blinded randomized controlled trial." Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 27, no. 6 (June 2024): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_115_24.
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Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two calcium silicate-based and an epoxy resin-based root canal sealers on postoperative pain and analgesic intake following single-visit root canal treatment. Materials and Method: Ninety patients with at least one first or second molar tooth diagnosed as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis were selected and allocated into three groups (n=30) according to the sealer used. Root canals were prepared using Protaper Gold instruments (Dentsply Sirona) in a crown down technique and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl (Calyx, India) and saline solution. Root canal filling was then accomplished with a single cone obturation technique and treated in a single visit by the same endodontist. Patients were told to use a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to rate their postoperative pain severity as none, minimal, moderate, or severe after 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 5 days and 7 days following obturation using the appropriate sealers. The need for analgesic intake was also recorded. The data were statistically analyzed. Results: Results showed a significant difference among the studied groups. Bio-C Sealer Ion+ reported the least pain score followed by Nishika Canal Sealer BG and AH plus sealer at all the time intervals recorded. The intergroup analysis, revealed was a significant difference in postoperative pain at 6 h (p=0.000) and 24 h (p = 0.028), but not at 48 h, 5 day or 7 days (P > 0.05). VAS ratings for all the three groups decreased over time. Also, there were significant differences between the means of analgesic intake among 3 groups (p=0.022). Analgesic intake in group BIO-C Sealer Ion+ is significantly lesser than AH Plus and Nishika Canal Sealer BG group. Conclusion: Calcium silicate-based sealer (Nishika Canal Sealer BG and Bio-C Sealer Ion+) resulted in significantly lower levels of pain as compared to epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) at 6h and 24-h interval, there was no significant difference in postoperative pain occurrence at 48-h, 5 day and 7-day period. The analgesic intake in Bio-C Sealer Ion+ group is significantly lesser than Nishika Canal Sealer BG and AH Plus group.
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Adıgüzel, Mehmet, and Faruk Öztekin. "Comparison of the resistance to cyclic fatigue of One Curve, One Shape, 2Shape and EdgeFile X3 files in simulated single and S-shaped (double) curvatures." International Dental Research 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no2.5.
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Aim: To evaluate the fracture resistance to cyclic fatigue of One Curve (Micro-Mega, Besancon, Cedex, France), One Shape (Micro-Mega), 2Shape (Micro-Mega) and EdgeFile X3 (EdgeEndo, Albuquerque, NM) files in simulated root canals.
Methodology: One hundred and sixty nickel-titanium endodontic files were tested in simulated canals with single and s-shaped (double) curvatures. The One Curve (25/.06), One Shape (25/.06), 2Shape (25/.06) and EdgeFile X3 (25/.06) files were assessed (n=20 for each test). All the files were rotated up to fracture occurred. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was determined and also, the length of the fractured file part was measured. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests were used (p < 0.05).
Results: NCF for all instrument groups were significantly higher in the single curvature canal compared to the s-shaped curvature canal (p < 0.05). The EdgeFile X3 had the highest fatigue resistance in both curvature groups. The NCF of the One Curve were higher than that of the One Shape and 2Shape files (p < 0.05). In the s-shaped curvature canal, the files inclined to fracture more often in the apical curvature compared to the coronal curvature. There was no statistically considerable difference in the length of the fractured parts among the four experiment groups in either the single or s-shaped canal curvatures (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, fracture resistance to cyclic fatigue was the highest for the EdgeFile X3 group followed by the One Curve group and lowest for the 2Shape and One Shape group.
How to cite this article:
Adıgüzel M, Öztekin F. Comparison of the resistance to cyclic fatigue of One Curve, One Shape, 2Shape and EdgeFile X3 Files in simulated single and S-shaped (double) curvatures. Int Dent Res 2020;10(2):55-59.
https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no2.5
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Sree, Neeharika, Jayasheela Mallappa, B. HDhanya Kumar, and DhoomSingh Mehta. "The course of double mandibular canal - confront to dentist." International Journal of Oral Health Sciences 8, no. 2 (2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijohs.ijohs_40_18.
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Ochilzoda, A. A., A. O. Karimov, and N. A. Ochilzoda. "Case report of rare congenital malformations of the nasal cavity, pharynx and ear in combination with a malformation of the visual organ on the example of a child, born from parents in a relative marriage." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 5 (2020): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-5-113-115.
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The authors present a case of congenital malformations of ENT organs in children, multiple congenital malformations of the nasal cavity, pharynx, ear and eyes (double tongue of the pharynx, atresia of the chianti on the left, atresia of the external auditory canal on the left, microphthalmia on the left) and congenital bilateral deafness. The peculiarity of this observation is the rarity of cases of many congenital defects of the ENT organs: doubled tongue of the pharynx, atresia of the choana on the left, atresia of the external auditory canal on the left, congenital bilateral deafness, in the combination of the organ of vision – the eye: microphthalmia on the left in a child who has a history of kinship of parents.
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Garcia, Ronaldo, Jaume Llibre, and Jorge Sotomayor. "Lines of principal curvature on canal surfaces in R³." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 78, no. 3 (September 2006): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652006000300002.
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In this paper are determined the principal curvatures and principal curvature lines on canal surfaces which are the envelopes of families of spheres with variable radius and centers moving along a closed regular curve in R³. By means of a connection of the differential equations for these curvature lines and real Riccati equations, it is established that canal surfaces have at most two isolated periodic principal lines. Examples of canal surfaces with two simple and one double periodic principal lines are given.
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Jonker, Casper H., Peet J. Van der Vyver, and Anna C. Oettlé. "Root and canal morphology of the maxillary first molar: A micro-computed tomography-focused review of literature with illustrative cases. Part 1: External root morphology." South African Dental Journal 79, no. 01 (March 6, 2024): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sadj.v79i01.16863.
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Cleaning and shaping of the root canal are profoundly affected by the complexity of root and canal morphology. Undiscovered roots or canals may lead to a reduced prognosis of a treated tooth as hidden causative organisms and their by-products can cause re-infection. Most maxillary first molars have three roots, namely mesio-buccal (MB), disto-buccal (DB) and palatal (P). They can be separate or fused, with incidences varying between populations. Anomalies have also been documented that include single rooted, double-rooted, four and even five-rooted teeth. Additional roots are mostly in the form of additional palatal roots and are known as either a radix mesiolingualis (RML) or radix distolingualis (RDL). This paper is the first of two giving an overview, focused on micro-CT, of available literature on various aspects of the root and canal morphology of the maxillary first permanent molar. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of relevant aspects of the external root morphology in different populations. The content is supported by illustrative micro-CT images and case reports of rare morphological findings on maxillary first molars.
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Prakash, Karanam Apoorva, Shashikala K, and Vanamala N. "Double Trouble- Endodontic Management of a Doubly Curved Root Canal System: A Case Report." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 16, no. 05 (May 2017): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0853-1605092931.
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Sarraf, Pegah, Atoosa Assadi, Nazanin Kiomarsi, Fatemeh Mohammadian, Arsalan Assadi, and Ahmad Reza Shamshiri. "Effect of Intracanal Medicaments on Pull-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post Cemented with a Self-Adhesive System." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 03 (July 2019): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694313.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of four intracanal medicaments on pull-out bond strength of fiber posts. Materials and Methods A total of 65 single-rooted, single-canal teeth were selected and decoronated. Root canals were prepared and after rinsing were randomly divided into five groups (n = 13). G1: calcium hydroxide (CH), G2: CH plus chlorhexidine (CH+CHX), G3: triple antibiotic paste (TAP), G4: double antibiotic paste (DAP) were applied in the canals in the four groups. The control group (G5) received no medicament. After 4 weeks, the medicaments were rinsed off and the canals were filled with gutta-percha. Post space was then prepared in root canals for the placement of glass fiber posts and self-adhesive cement (Panavia F2). After cementation, they were subjected to pull-out bond strength test. Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test.Results The pull-out bond strength values were significantly different in the groups (p < 0.001). The highest values of bond strength were seen in G2, G1, and G3 (359.97 ± 81.26, 333.79 ± 98.96, 309.27 ± 78.07), respectively. There was no significant difference between G4 and G5 (p = 0.75). Conclusion The results showed that CH, CH+CHX, and TAP enhanced the pull-out bond strength of fiber post to root canal wall as compared to the control group.
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Subroto, Monika Prima Dewi Ayuningtyas, Ema Mulyawati, and Pribadi Santoso. "Pasak Customized Fiber Reinforced Composite Indirect pada Gigi Incisivus Lateralis Kiri Atas dengan Dinding Saluran Akar yang Tipis." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.9030.
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Gigi pasca perawatan saluran akar (PSA) biasanya mengalami kehilangan struktur gigi yang luas oleh karena karies, faktor iatrogenik, restorasi sebelumnya dan fraktur. Pengurangan dentin di dalam saluran akar akan menyebabkan saluran akar menjadi tipis, sehingga restorasi konvensional dengan pasak logam dapat menyebabkan fraktur akar. Untuk meminimalkan fraktur akar tersebut, telah dikenal pasak fiber yang memiliki modulus elastisitas yang sama dengan dentin. Pada saluran akar yang lebar dan ireguler serta struktur mahkota yang minimal, dibutuhkan pasak customized fiber reinforced composite dengan inti yang dapat memperkuat struktur gigi yang sudah lemah. Studi kasus ini melaporkankasus restorasi gigi non vital pasca PSA dengan dinding saluran akar tipis, yang berhasil dirawat dengan customized fiber reinforced composite indirect. Seorang pasien wanita usia 27 tahun dirujuk ke Bagian Konservasi Gigi karena mengalami over instrumentasi saluran pasak pada gigi incisivus lateralis kiri atas. Pada pemeriksaan radiograf, tampakdinding saluran akar sangat tipis. Restorasi ini dilakukan dalam 3 kali kunjungan. Pada kunjungan pertama dilakukan pencetakan saluran pasak dengan teknik double impression. Pasak customized fiber reinforced composit indirect, dibuat dalam cetakan saluran pasak menggunakan resin komposit Premise Indirect (Kerr) yang diperkuat dengan pita fiber (Construct, Kerr). Inti dan pasak yang sudah dibentuk, disinar menggunakan Light Cure selama 20 detik di setiap sisi, lalu polimerisasi disempurnakan dengan oven selama 20 menit. Pada kunjungan kedua dilakukan insersi pasak dan pencetakan mahkota jaket dengan teknik double impression. Pada kunjungan ketiga dilakukan insersi mahkota jaket. Gigi non vital pasca PSA dengan dinding saluran pasak yang tipis dapat direstorasi dengan customized fiber reinforcedcomposite indirect dengan baik. Indirect Customized Fiber Reinforced Composite Post In Upper Left Lateralis Incisivus With Thin-Walled Root. Excessive tooth structure loss after root canal treatment is usually present due to caries lesion, iatrogenic factor, previous restoration, and fracture. Intra-radicular dentin removal during root canal treatment may result in thin root canal wall structures, therefore conventional restoration using metallic post frequently leads to irreparable root fractures. In order to minimize the root fracture risk, fiber post has been known as an ideal choice because of its similar modulus elasticity characteristic to dentin. The wide and irregular root canal accompanied with minimum remaining tooth structure needs a customized fiber reinforced composite post to strengthen the preserved tooth structure. This article reports a succesfulrestoration of a non vital post root canal treatment tooth with thin root canal walls using indirect customized fiber-reinforced composite post. A 27-year-old female patient with over instrumentation in root canal of the upper left lateral incisor was referred to the Department of Conservative Dentistry. The radiograph examination finds that there was a very thin wall of the remaining root canal structure. The restoration was carried out in 3 visits. In the first visit, post canal impression was obtained using double impression technique. Indirect customized fiber reinforced composite post was made in the mold using composite resin Premise Indirect (Kerr) reinforced with fiber band (Construct, Kerr). The formed post and core were light cured for 20 seconds, and then refined by oven polymerization for 20 minutes. In the second visit, the post was inserted and crown impression was obtained using double impression technique. In the third visit, the jacket crown was inserted. The root canal treated tooth with remaining thin post canal wall could be restored with indirect customized fiber reinforced composite.
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Teodorovic, Nevenka, and Zeljko Martinovic. "Significance of crown-down root canal preparation technique in endodontic therapy by using the hydroxylapatite sealer." Vojnosanitetski pregled 62, no. 6 (2005): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0506447t.
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Aim.To evaluate the crown-down preparation technique, and the use of hydroxylapatite based material for the definitive root canal obturation. Methods. The investigation included 20 single-canal roots with chronic periapical inflammatory lesion. Biomechanical medicamentous canal preparation was done using the double flared technique with balanced force, and the obturation was performed with hydroxylapatite sealer (unicone technique). Clinical and radiographic check-up performed 12 months after the treatment, used the following parameters: pain, swelling, percussion and palpation sensitivity, and the presence of fistula. Results. The obtained results showed a successful treatment in 18 cases, while in the 2 cases the treatment failed. Conclusion. These findings suggested that the crown-down preparation technique efficiently cleaned and shaped the root canal, and that the hydroxylapatite-based material created the homogenous and hermetic root canal obturation, so this methodology could be recommended for the endodontic therapy.
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El-Telbany, Mohamed, Gamal El-Didamony, Ahmed Askora, Eman Ariny, Dalia Abdallah, Ian F. Connerton, and Ayman El-Shibiny. "Bacteriophages to Control Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Infection of Dental Root Canals." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030517.
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Phage therapy is an alternative treatment to antibiotics that can overcome multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophages targeted against Enterococcus faecalis isolated from root canal infections obtained from clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Ismalia, Egypt. Bacteriophage, vB_ZEFP, was isolated from concentrated wastewater collected from hospital sewage. Morphological and genomic analysis revealed that the phage belongs to the Podoviridae family with a linear double-stranded DNA genome, consisting of 18,454, with a G + C content of 32.8%. Host range analysis revealed the phage could infect 10 of 13 E. faecalis isolates exhibiting a range of antibiotic resistances recovered from infected root canals with efficiency of plating values above 0.5. One-step growth curves of this phage showed that it has a burst size of 110 PFU per infected cell, with a latent period of 10 min. The lytic activity of this phage against E. faecalis biofilms showed that the phage was able to control the growth of E. faecalis in vitro. Phage vB_ZEFP could also prevent ex-vivo E. faecalis root canal infection. These results suggest that phage vB_ZEFP has potential for application in phage therapy and specifically in the prevention of infection after root canal treatment.
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Koppera, Niveditha, Reddy Sudhakara Reddy, Geetanjali Darna, Ramesh Tatapudi, Ramesh Kumar Budumuru, and Vinutna Nanda Matta. "Assessment of Influence of Age and Gender on Morphological Variations of Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Radiographic Observational Study." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 10 (June 6, 2023): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i103508.
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Aim: To assess the shape of the nasopalatine canal in the sagittal plane, coronal plane and axial plane. To assess the length of the nasopalatine canal in the sagittal plane and to assess the Influence of age and gender on these parameters of nasopalatine canal.
Methodology: A sample of 90 subjects were taken. Shape of nasopalatine canal in sagittal plane is assessed in males and females and all the age groups and classified as cylindrical, funnel, hourglass and spindle shape. The shape of the NPC in the coronal plane is classified according to Bornstein as Single (type A), double (type B), Y shaped (type C). The shape of the NPC at the mid-level was assessed in the axial plane and classified as oval, round, heart and triangular shape. The length of the nasopalatine canal is measured in the sagittal plane.
Results: The results showed cylindrical shape was most common in sagittal plane which showed statistical significance. Results showed males have significant longer canals than females. In coronal plane, Y shape was prevalent, but no significant results were observed. In the axial plane, in males and females was heart shape and round shape were prevalent respectively. In the axial plane, the most common shape of NPC was heart shape in group I and group III, round shape in group II. No statistically significant results observed.
Conclusion: The present study concluded there were significant morphological variations of NPC in males and females in different age groups. These morphological variations may cause complications during different treatment procedures. Assessment of the NPC using CBCT helps in implant rehabilitation and surgical treatment planning.
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Abouelenien, Sarah Samir, Salsaby Mohamed Ibrahim, Olfat Gamil Shaker, and Geraldine Mohamed Ahmed. "Evaluation of postoperative pain in infected root canals after using double antibiotic paste versus calcium hydroxide as intra-canal medication: A randomized controlled trial." F1000Research 7 (November 8, 2018): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16820.1.
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Background: Postoperative pain is defined as pain of any degree after initiation of endodontic treatment either intra-appointment or post-obturation and is considered an undesirable occurrence for both patient and dentist. It was suggested that bacterial injury is probably the major cause of pain. Intra-canal medicaments are widely used to kill any bacteria surviving after instrumentation and irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of double antibiotic paste versus calcium hydroxide used as intra-canal medication in reducing postoperative pain. Methods: 36 patients with single rooted necrotic premolars with apical periodontitis were randomly assigned into two groups according to the intra-canal medication used: calcium hydroxide group (CH) and double antibiotic paste group (DAP). Preoperative pain was recorded using numerical rating scale. After isolation, access cavity was performed followed by chemico-mechanical preparation using rotary Race files with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Subsequently, intra-canal medication was placed and postoperative pain was recorded at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between both groups. Both groups resulted in an increase in median pain value from preoperative to 6 hours postoperative, followed by gradual decrease from 6 hours to 12, 24, 48 hours postoperatively with statistically significant difference. When comparing both groups, DAP group showed lower postoperative pain values than CH group at 12 and 24 hours, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The use of intra-canal medication in necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis was efficient in reducing postoperative pain regardless of type of intra-canal medication used. Trial registration: PACTR201605001482394 (Date: 22nd February 2016).
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Kaito, Takashi, Noboru Hosono, Takahiro Makino, Noriyoshi Kaneko, Masato Namekata, and Takeshi Fuji. "Postoperative displacement of hydroxyapatite spacers implanted during double-door laminoplasty." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 10, no. 6 (June 2009): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.2.17680.
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Object Double-door laminoplasty using hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers has been widely performed for compressive cervical myelopathy and has provided good neurological outcome. Although HA spacers are used for preventing reclosure of the opened laminae, they are often displaced or dislocated from their original position. The authors investigated the incidence and patterns of postoperative HA spacer displacement to determine the reasons for this unfavorable event. Methods Eighty-six patients with compressive myelopathy underwent double-door laminoplasty in which a total of 278 HA spacers were used. The displacement of HA spacers and opened laminae were assessed using postoperative lateral radiographs and CT scans. Results Postoperative dorsal migration > 2 mm was found in 116 (42%) of 278 implanted HA spacers. In addition, 33 (38%) of 86 HA spacers rotated > 10° and 29 (34%) of the 86 opened laminae tilted > 10°. Moreover, deformation of the newly formed spinal canal was observed in 51 (59%) of 86 cases, and bone fusion between the HA spacer and spinous process was achieved in only 15 (8.7%) of 172 cases. Neurological worsening and neck pain, however, were not associated with displacement of HA spacers or deformation of the spinal canal. Conclusions In double-door laminoplasty, postoperative displacement of the HA spacer with deformation of the enlarged spinal canal occurred frequently. Hydroxyapatite spacers tend to become displaced after surgery. Placing the HA spacer at the base of the spinous process close to the dura mater may prevent postoperative displacement.
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Ishizaki, Hidetaka, Shizuka Yamada, and Atsutoshi Yoshimura. "Double visualization of root canal treatment with CBCT and microscope." International Dental Journal 71 (September 2021): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2021.08.045.
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Lorencetti, Karina Torales, Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Gabriel Elias do Nascimento, Danielle Cristine Furtado Messias, Vivian Colucci, Fuad Abi Rached-Junior, and Silvio Rocha Corrêa Silva. "Influence of Apical Enlargement in Cleaning of Curved Canals Using Negative Pressure System." Brazilian Dental Journal 25, no. 5 (October 2014): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302435.
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This study aimed to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the cleaning of canal walls with moderate curvature subjected to biomechanical preparation with different final diameters using apical negative pressure irrigation. Thirty-two mesiobuccal roots of molars were divided into 4 groups (n=8) according to the instrument's final diameter: GI: 30.02, GII: 35.02, GIII: 40.02 and GIV: 45.02. Irrigating procedure was performed at each change of instrument with 1% NaOCl using the Endovac system. Final irrigation was conducted with 17% EDTA for 5 min. The SEM photomicrographs were evaluated under 35× and 1000× magnification, by three calibrated examiners, in a double-blind design. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests (α=0.05). Canals instrumented with 30.02 and 35.02 final diameters showed more debris, statistically different from the other groups (p<0.05). Comparing each root canal third, for the cervical and apical portions no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was found among the four groups. Regarding the presence of smear layer, canals with 30.02 final diameter showed the highest scores, statistically different from the 45.02 group (p<0.05) and similar to the 35.02 and the 40.02 groups (p>0.05). Although none of the studied diameters completely removed debris and smear layer, it may be concluded that instrumentation with higher final diameters was more effective in cleaning the root canals with moderate curvature.
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Cho, Yoon Je, Young Soo Chun, Kee Hyung Rhyu, Jong Hun Baek, and Hu Liang. "Distal Femoral Cortical Hypertrophy after Hip Arthroplasty Using a Cementless Double-Tapered Femoral Stem." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 24, no. 3 (December 2016): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1602400309.
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Purpose To review 437 hips in 404 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty using the Accolade TMZF stem to determine the incidence and risk factors of distal femoral cortical hypertrophy (DFCH). Methods Records of 437 hips in 169 men and 235 women aged 26 to 100 (mean, 65.7) years who underwent THA (n=293) or hemiarthroplasty (n=144) using the Accolade TMZF femoral stem by 2 senior surgeons and were followed up for a mean of 54.7 months were reviewed. Clinical outcome was assessed using the modified Harris Hip Score and visual analogue score for pain. Proximal femoral geometry and canal flare index were assessed on preoperative radiographs, and DFCH, stem position, subsidence, loosening, and stress shielding were assessed on postoperative radiographs according to the Gruen zone. Results Of 437 hips, 27 (6.2%) developed DFCH and 410 did not. Hips with DFCH had a higher incidence of thigh pain (18.5% vs. 2.2%, p<0.001) and earlier onset of thigh pain (12.3 vs. 20.8 months, p=0.015), compared with those without. Nonetheless, all femoral stems were well-fixed, and no osteolysis or loosening was detected. The 2 groups achieved comparable clinical outcome in terms of Harris Hip Score and pain. The mean canal flare index was higher in hips with than without DFCH (3.706 vs. 3.294, p=0.002). The mean vertical subsidence of the femoral stem was lower in hips with than without DFCH (1.5 vs. 3.4 mm p<0.001). Subsidence negatively correlated with the canal flare index (correlation coefficient= −0.110, p=0.022). The incidence of the DFCH increased with each unit of increment in canal flare index (odds ratio [OR]=1.828, p=0.043) and each year younger in age (OR=0.968, p=0.015). Conclusion The incidence of DFCH in hips with the Accolade TMZF stem was 6.2%. Patients with a higher canal flare index and younger age had a higher incidence of DFCH. Nonetheless, DFCH did not affect clinical outcome or femoral stem stability.
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Khade, Neha, Simon Carrivick, Carolyn Orr, and David Prentice. "Recurrent abducens nerve palsy and hypophosphatasia syndrome." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 4 (April 2019): e226895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-226895.
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A 47-year-old woman presented with six episodes of horizontal binocular double vision over a 2-year period. CT imaging was significant for extensive dural calcification in the spine and calcification of the skull base, likely involving Dorello’s canal. Biochemical testing revealed a persistently low alkaline phosphatase level. Recurrent nerve palsy may possibly be induced by mechanical compression of the sixth cranial nerve in Dorello’s canal from calcification due to hypophosphatasia syndrome.