Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dosimetric gel'
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Pavoni, Juliana Fernandes. "Dosimetria tridimensional por imagens de ressonância magnética com gel MAGIC modificado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-27042010-171038/.
Advances in the treatment techniques with ionizing radiation are resulting in complex dose distributions that need to be verified before the application of the treatment in the patient. Several dosimeters have been suggested for this application, but polymeric gel dosimeters are presenting the best results so far, since they allow three dimensional dose visualization, are tissue equivalent, don\'t have dependence with angular distribution of the incident radiation and have a high spatial resolution. In this work a polymeric gel dosimeter with national components, to reduce de costs and facilitate its introduction in the clinical practice was developed. Formaldehyde was added to the gel formulation to increase its melting temperature and facilitate its use in typical room temperatures found in our country. Dose response analysis was done using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. All the dosimetric characterization was done. We found a linear dose-response curve for doses until 15Gy and significant energy dependence for low energy beams (kVp), but for high energy beams (MV) this dependence is smaller. The response variation when varying the dose rate of irradiation was smaller than 5% in the dose rate range of clinical use in teletherapy (100-600cGy/min). The addition of formaldehyde did not eliminate the dosimeter dependence with variation of the scanning temperature; the integrity of dose distribution was unaltered at least for a tree month period of time in a half beam irradiation phantom. Tri-dimensional dose distributions were measured in two radiotherapy systems using intensity modulated beams, the first one in a linear accelerator and the second in a tomotherapy machine. A high similarity was found between the overlapping of isodoses and dose profiles of the dose distribution measured with the gel and expected by the treatment planning. The real tri- dimensional analysis was done with dose-volume histograms (DVH) and the DVHs measured for the planning volume and expected by the treatment planning were in good agreement. Our results show that the modification done in the gel formulation resulted in a dosimeter easy to handle and feasible for tri-dimensional measurements.
Petchevist, Paulo Cesar Dias. "Comissionamento dos parâmetros físicos dosimétricos em aceleradores lineares clínicos usando o dosímetro FXG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-21072015-101409/.
The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommends that the total radiotherapy treatment uncertainty should not exceeds 5%, in other words, considering that each step involved in the absorbed dose delivery process should not surpass the cited value (ICRU 50, 1993; ICRU 62, 1999). The uncertainties considered are those involved with, the machine installation (in this work, a Clinical Linear Accelerator), its acceptance, commissioning, followed by those related to subsequent quality controls and even new commissioning, if necessary. The minimum required physical dosimetric parameters to be commissioned for electron or photon beams are: the Percentage Depth Dose (PDD), the filtered and open Field Profiles, Total Scatter Factors (Scp), Cone Factor (Fcone), Transmission Factors: Wedge Filter (FF), Tray (FB), intra Leaf (FMLC,intra) and inter Leaf Leakage (FMLC,inter), besides the Virtual Source Position Determination (SSDeff). For this purpose, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), through its last protocol, provides guidelines on phantom and detector selections, setting up of phantom for data acquisition (for scanning and no-scanning data), procedures for acquiring the cited beam parameters with ionizing chambers (CI) and methods to reduce the total measurement error lower than 1% (AAPM TG 106, 2008). However, this protocol does not present any information or details about the physical dosimetric parameters for clinical linear accelerators (PFDALC), through gel dosimeters once they present several useful advantages for Radiotherapy, such as: soft tissue equivalence (Z and ), wide energy independence range for photons or electrons beams and high spatial resolution. The scope of this work is to present an innovative way for physical dosimetric parameters commissioning, specifically using the Fricke Xylenol Gel (FXG) dosimeter, like an alternative and/or complementary method to that employed internationally. Devices and procedures have been developed for this work in order to infer the cited parameters, in a practical, efficient and low cost way, compared to that used with CI (standard method). All the FXG results obtained were validated with the CI, considering the uncertainty recommended for the last one. The results suggest that the FXG effectively can be used for physical dosimetric parameters commissioning for clinical linear accelerators and a new specific protocol can be generated.
Sakuraba, Roberto Kenji. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema de verificação dosimétrica tridimensional utilizando Solução Fricke gel na aplicação para a verificação da Radioterapia em Arco Modulado Volumétrico (VMAT) nos tratamentos com movimentação do alvo pela respiração." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-03032016-091027/.
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is one of the methods most commonly used in teletherapy to treat cancer. The various technological advances and the evolution of treatment techniques made the VMAT as one of the state of the art methods for the treatment of some cancers. Part of this improvement is credited to improvements in accuracy and prescription dose absorbed recommended to the patient over the years. This advance allows currently is possible to perform dosimetric calculations by means of the computerized planning system, considering the heterogeneity of patients, such as tissues and organs with different water compositions medium (reference radiation), and individual patient contour the movement of tumors breathing. Such advances require quality control of these tools, in order to ensure that the entire treatment process is satisfactory and accurate. Up to now, the community lacks an experimental system capable of evaluating, considering the uncertainty levels if the computerized planning systems are able to consider the movement of targets in the treatments with VMAT. In this paper, will be presented the results obtained with the phantom Fricke Xylenol Gel, capable of measuring the differences introduced by movement using the Magnetic Resonance Image - MRI and compared qualitatively and quantitatively. The main stages of the phantom development, their experimental results, conclusions and comparisons with other systems are discussed.
MANGUEIRA, THYAGO F. "Avaliacao dosimetrica da solucao fricke gel usando a tecnica de espectrofotometria para aplicacao na dosimetria de eletrons e neutrons." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9447.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Atkins, Timothy John. "Investigation of ultrasonic properties of MAGIC gels for pulse-echo gel dosimetry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/371793/.
Resende, Thiago Dias. "Um estudo para otimização da formulação do dosímetro gel MAGIC-f e avaliação da sua reutilização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-07072017-123749/.
Radiotherapy is a procedure that uses high energy ionizing radiation directed to the tumor to destroy its cells. The objective is to obtain tumoral cells more damaged avoiding the healthy cells around it and increase this result. Due to the high complexity of the energy beams used on these treatments, a three-dimensional dosimeter is demanded to assure that the dose is focused as planned, being the polymeric gel dosimetry using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Images (NMRI) for dose scanning an option to this measurement. This work uses MAGIC-f gel as reference and its objective is to optimize the dosimeter formulation, by initiallyreplacing the antioxidants agents (Copper Sulfate and Ascorbic Acid) by a more power rating antioxidant, Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC), and then, variatingthe others dosimeter´s components concentration in order to obtain the smallest concentration of each one that result in an adequate dosimeter´ssensitivity for radiotherapy application. Studies were made to check the thermal stability of the gel containing THPC and studies were carried out about the ideals concentrations of THPC (2mM, 5mM, 8mM, 10mM or 20mM); Methacrylic Acid (2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5% or 4%); Gelatin (4%, 6%, 8% or 10%). After the modifications, the optimized formulation containing 88.96% of mili-Q water; 3% of methacrylic acid; 8% of gelatine; 0.04% of THPC (5mM) showed a sensitivity of approximately 1.03 Gy-1s-1 and a melting point approximately of 50°C, using the smallest possible chemical compounds concentrations and the NMRI scanning sequence implemented for this dosimetry. The optimized dosimeter obtained presents a 40% cost reduction, comparing with the dosimeter MAGIC-f, and a dose resolution of 0.18 Gy. The dosimeter responds linearlywith doses from 0 to 10 Gy. A maximal sensitivity variation of 8.5% was found when varing the dose rate from 300 to 500 cGy/min. Its dose integrity was checked by a half beam blocked irradiation. And its largestsensitivity variation at a repeatability test was 15%. The second objective of this work was the development of a methodology for reusing the dosimeter.The dosimeter previously irradiated with 2Gy was reused after being melted in a digitaltemperature control oven at 50°C, followed by the re-addition of THPC and a new gelation. The reused MAGAT gel dosimeter with 1mM of THPC presented 30% sensitivity reductioin when compared to the the same dosimeter before the reusing process, while the MAGAT gel with 2mMof THPC presented a reduction of only 15%
Pastorello, Bruno Fraccini. "Montagem e caracterização de um fantoma para utilização em radioterapia utilizando imagens convencionais por ressonância magnética e contraste por transferência de magnetização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-11092007-160124/.
The 3D monomeric gel dosimetry is an important tool in radiation therapy cases which needs high spatial dose resolution. In this work we developed a methacrilic acid monomeric gel called MAGIC® to evaluate spatial dose distributions in simulations of radiation therapy treatments. We used two Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques, the relaxometry (RT) and the magnetization transfer (MT). The work was developed in three stages. First of all, the phantoms were created to be irradiated using and x radiations, the MRI were acquired and analyzed. We also developed a software, programmed in Matlab®, to analyze the images and to draw isodoses curves of irradiated phantoms. Following it, we improved the way the gel was prepared and its composition, as well the image acquisition and processing. In this part we added formaldehyde to the gel, improving its sensibility in 15%. Finally, we simulated 5 different radiation therapy treatments and compared the isodoses measured with the isodoses of the radiation therapy treatment planning software (TPS®). The results of the RT technique corresponded to our expectations. Using the RT we characterized the gel with dosimetric tests and evaluated five different radiation therapy treatments. The gel showed a linear relation with the dose until 20 Gy, but the results of the tests were not reproducibles, because of that we made a calibration curve for each test. The effective atomic number of the gel is close to the water, so it was not necessary any correction. In most of the simulated cases, the isodoses measured with the gel reproduced the virtual simulations. Unfortunately, until now, we didn\' t have the same success using the MT technique. The MT images were not reliable and because of that the simulations were only made with the RT technique.
Mangueira, Thyago Fressatti. "Avaliação dosimétrica da solução fricke gel usando a técnica de espectrofotometria para aplicação na dosimetria de elétrons e nêutrons." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-29032012-144938/.
In this work the main dosimetric characteristics of the Fricke Xylenol Gel (FXG) solution were established for further application in the measurement of dose distribution of clinical electron fields. The dose-response curves of the FXG in a neutron field were also evaluated for the research in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) and industrial electron fields. The standard reading technique was the spectrophotometric. For the clinical field, the intra and inter-batch reproducibility are better than 1.4% and 5.1 %, respectively, the response presents a linear behavior for doses ranging from 0.2 to 40 Gy independently of the energy and the dose rate in the studied ranges. Due to the effects of the FXG natural oxidation, the optimum elapsed time between FXG preparation and irradiation was established as 24h period and the behavior of the dose-response curve of the FXG using the variation in the absorbance relative to the non-irradiated dosimeter as a basis during the whole studied period were not altered. The dose-response to the industrial electron beam presented an exponential decreasing behavior and the neutron beam for research in BNCT presented a linear behavior for the complete studied dose range. According to the obtained results for the different types of radiation studied for the FXG, there was no change in the position of the characteristic bands of the absorption spectrum due to the interaction of these radiation types. Additional tests were performed to determine the digital photographic imaging of FXG analyses viability and the application of FXG dosimetry on intracavitary brachytherapy. The good performance of the FXG dosimeter in the tests that were carried out indicates that this dosimeter may be applied to the tri-dimensional dose evaluation in radiotherapic treatments using electrons and neutron beams.
Zaias, Herofen. "Desenvolvimento de um novo gel e otimização de leitor para dosimetria química." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-30092010-110923/.
Researchs with radiation dosimeters look for materials that presents similar response to radiation as biological systems. This work presents preliminar characterization and radiotherapy application from a new chemical dosimeter (FXGA), derived from the FXG with a difference due to the gelatin used (pork skin \"300 Bloom\" for FXG and national gelatin for FXGA). The FXGA absorbed dose reading are based on the optic absorption, and for this reason a reader (RADIARE III) was developed, which is portable and economically accessible when compared with an spectrophotometer. From the measurements done, it can be inferred that FXGA dosimeter possess linear response with the absorbed dose from 0.5 up to 35 Gy for 60Co photons and from up 1 up to 7 Gy for 5, 8 and 10 MeV. The energy dependence for photons and electrons were obtained and their response are coherent those expected. FXGA radiotherapy applications had been done as field factor, profile and percentage depth dose for 60Co photons. From the characterization results for photons and electrons, as well from physical parameters for the 60Co , one can figure out that the dosimetric system \"FXGA gel + RADIARE III reader\" can be an attractive tool for the quality control in a radiotherapy service.
Silveira, Michely Cristina da. "Distribuição da dose absorvida no tratamento da micose fungóide através da dosimetria Fricke Xilenol Gel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-04032011-155301/.
Radioterapy uses ionizing radiation to destroy tumor cells. The absorbed dose control in a target volume is done through dosimetry, using radiation sensors, being the Fricke and film used in this study. Among several types of cancer indicated for treatment using ionizing radiation, there is also the Mycosis Fungoides (MF), lymphom that spreads on surface and depth in the skin, for which high-energy electrons are used for its treatment. In this work the Fricke Xylenol Gel (FXG) was used for MF treatment control, to obtain the absorbed dose distribution from electrons interaction with the tissues. For this scope cuvettes were manufactured of acrylic (slices), with the same contours of the skull and abdomen anthropomorphic simulator tomos. Once filled with the FXG, these cuvettes were used to infer the absorbed dose by the anthropomorphic simulator Rando Phantom. This simulator, completed with the cuvettes and radiochromic films, this last one also with the same contours similar to skull and abdomen were submitted to the Stanford technique, for 6 MeV electrons total body irradiation. CCD and radiographic density images were acquired and evaluated by horizontal and vertical profiles through theirs centers. These profiles were analyzed through a computer programs: one developed in Matlab for FXG images and the other by an already known program, ImageJ, for film images. From the results one can infer that the FXG dosimeter presents similarity with that of film, in the evaluation of the absorbed dose distribution on surface and also inside of the patient.
Camargo, Shiva do Valle. "Confecção e caracterização de dosímetros luminescentes de cerâmicas de BaTiO3 nanoestruturadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-11072014-093623/.
According to the literature, the study of Barium Titanate (BTO) for dosimetry is unpublished yet, this material was chosen because it exhibits luminescent properties, demonstrated in emission spectra experiments. To make the BTO samples the chemical sol-gel technique was used. Samples of BTO Pure, doped and co-doped with different rare earths were made. All produced samples were calcinated with temperatures at 800, 1000 and 1200°C. The doping was performed with the following rare earths: Nd, Tb, Eu, Yb, Er, Pr, and some samples were co-doped with Tb / Eu and Yb / Er; in total were made thirty-one samples. In the study of weight reduction, a reduction, by half of the mass of raw material, was observed during the calcination process. In the TL analysis, at least one of the types (temperature) of calcinations provides TL peaks formation, except for the samples co-doped with Tb / Eu. The BTO: Eu and Tb provided the best TL response. The BTO: Tb and calcined at 1200°C showed TL peak at 90 to 200°C and the one doped with Eu (1mol%) and calcined at 1000°C supplied peaks at 110°C and 370°C. The minimum detectable dose to the TL peak at 110°C was 119 mGy and for TL peak at 370°C was 143 mGy. SEM analyzes showed that the micrographs of BTO samples doped with both Tb and Eu supplied porous surfaces, unlike the pure sample, that showed smoother surface. XRD analyzes indicated a tetragonal phase to pure sample and the one doped with Eu (1 mol%), both calcined at 1000°C.
Rojas, Diana Maritza Cuevas. "Dosimetria 3D de um tratamento simulado de próstata na presença de próteses femorais metálicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-11072017-094424/.
Historically, Radiotherapy is divided into external radiotherapy, brachytherapy and systemic radioisotopotherapy. The difference between the three lies in the position of the radiation source regarding the human body. In external radiotherapy the source is at a certain distances of patient, and in the case of brachytherapy, this source can be inserted into cavities of body or implanted directly in the tissues. In systemic radiotherapy radioisotopes are administered orally or intravenously. Of these three, external radiotherapy is the most used because it allows planning of radiotherapy in three dimensions (3D), starting from a CT scan of the tumor region. Computed tomography planning allows the distribution of radiation in the tissues to be more accurate thus avoiding, that healthy tissues are affected. In our case, conventional external radiotherapy was implemented and executed for a prostate treatment with metal implants, using 4 irradiation fields (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees) and a total planned dose of 70 Gy fractioned in 35 sessions each with 2 Gy. In any type of treatment involving ionizing radiation, quality control (QC) is required to determine if the dose initially planned is delivered or not to the tumor. Ideally, a quality control should be implemented in three dimensions but to date there is no consolidated 3D dosimeter system in the clinic routine. However, the used of polymeric gels associated with magnetic resonance image (IRM) allow three-tridimensional dosimetry. In this context, the 3D dosimetry is applied using the magic gel with formaldehyde (magic-f). In addition to 3D dosimetry, absorbed dose measurements were performed by means of a dose in a point, using thermoluminescent and alanine dosimeters. The comparison of dose distributions calculated by TPS and measured in the gel was made using by gamma analysis (3% / 3mm), in this case, the distribution of dose measurement agrees with the distributions expected by TPS. The analysis shows a percentage of approval of 93%. The absorbed dose values at the bone-metal interface determined by the TL dosimeters, presented a 1.73 Gy increase in the region of the sacral bone, and another increases between 0,16 and 0,33 Gy were found in the regions as the head of the femur and the hip. These dose increases were only for two sessions with doses delivered to the phanton of 2 Gy. Similarly for alanine dosimeters were found increases in the dose of 1.22 and 2.42 Gy in the region of sacral bone. The planning done in this case was 6 Gy. The results evidently show how the inomogeneities of a material with a high atomic number generate disturbances over the initially planned dose distributions.
Jayasekera, Piyakeerthi Mangala. "Practical aspects of radiotherapy gel dosimetry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
Jardine, Paul. "Applications of gel based chemistry dosimetry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37183/1/37183_Jardine_1994.pdf.
Smith, Shaun T. "Development of gel dosimetry for radiotherapy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102759/1/Shaun_Smith_Thesis.pdf.
Oliveira, David Marçal Machado de. "Verificação do uso do dosímetro Fricke benzóico xilenol gel em tomografia computadorizada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-08122011-154718/.
Computed tomography now represents the single largest source of medical exposure and its use is increasing rapidly, because of new generation units and hight contrast image. The acceptance and quality control tests of this equipment can be inferred through some parameters that influence the absorbed dose, such as axial and transaxial dose profile and CT dose indexes. Although ionization chamber and radiographic films are indicated by protocols for these evaluations, in this present work, beside this two dosimeters, we use the chemical dosimeter Fricke Benzoic Xylenol Gel (FBXG). This dosimeter when irradiated produces a colored complex (Fe^{+3}-XO), that in this work was measured photographically to obtain the parameters, once this technique as well the FBXG are linearly dependent on the absorbed dose. This reading technique was adequate to obtain the calibration curve, the axial and transaxial dose profile for the FBXG, besides to let us visualize the future acquiring of tomographic dose indexes.
Pires, Elcio Liberato. "Síntese e caracterização de elemento sensor de matriz KAISi3O8, dopadas com Mn ou Gd, obtidos pela técnica sol-gel, visando a aplicação em dosimetria das radiações ionizantes por termoluminescência e luminescência opticamente estimulada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-19012011-104913/.
In this work the thermoluminescent and photoluminescent properties (in the anti-Stokes process), and some other chemical and physical properties of KAlSi3O8 synthetic samples, doped with Mn or Gd, obtained by sol-gel method, were studied. The main goal of this study was to obtain a new material, with real possibility of application in ionizing radiation dosimetry as sensor element in luminescent dosimeters. The obtained samples were composed of powders with average particle size around 600 nm and they structures were composed of an amorphous matrix with presence of nanoparticles, observed only in the doped samples. The EPR results showed that the dopants incorporated in the matrix in the Mn2+ and Gd3+ valences, respectively. The TL glow curves exhibited a similar pattern for all the studied regions, composed of a main high-intensity and reproducible peak around 170 °C. The OSL shine-down curves for the undoped and Mn doped samples exhibited a total decay of luminescence for 40 s of stimulation centered at 470 nm; on the other hand, Gd doped sample exhibited an quick OSL decay (approximately 71.4 % of the initial intensity), for the first 40 s of stimulation, followed by a slower and more persistent decay, which clearly indicates the presence of two decay components. Mn doped samples showed the highest TL emission around 570 nm, being more efficient for the TL studies in the VIS, while the Gd doped samples exhibited the highest emission at 470 nm; however, due to the obtained curve pattern (with an apparent single peak), they had shown more efficient results for the applications in the UV. The samples doped with 0.5 and 8 mol% of Mn and Gd, respectively, showed the highest luminescent response improvement for OSL and TL. Energetic dependence on different X-rays energies study showed that the dopants changed the obtained response pattern. The Mn doped sample exhibited a decrease in luminescent response, while the Gd and the undoped samples do not show a pattern of decrease or increase in luminescence. The calibration curves were fitted by straight lines with high reliability degree (R2 near to 1), and the lowest detectable doses were between 20 and 60 mGy. All the samples exhibited considerable losses in luminescent intensity with the time after irradiation (about 80% for the firsts 10 days). From the results it was concluded that the studied materials are more applicable to real time than to passive TLD dosimetry, due to their high luminescent response. However, studies about previous heating treatment could make them feasible for the last application. The use of these materials in environmental dosimetry is suggested due to the obtained Z values, which are closer to those which form rocks and sediments.
Wong, Christopher James, and chrisjwong@yahoo com au. "High Resolution Polymer Gel Dosimetry for Small and Micro Field Dosimetry, and Development of Innovative Polymer Gel Dosimeters." RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091002.161512.
Neto, Euclydes Borguezan. "Gel Turnbull Blue aplicado à dosimetria de radiação ultravioleta e visível." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-22122016-135858/.
The radiochromic gel Turnbull Blue (TBG) is sensitive to gamma and x-rays. This compound has been utilized in ionizing radiation dosimetry, since it acts as biological tissue simulator when exposed to high-energy radiation. Subsequently to its radiation, TBG shows a color shift: the original yellow aspect becomes blue due to the production of the colorant Turnbull Blue. Such chromic shift yields a broad absorption band in the visible spectral range, with a peak located at 690 nm. The intensity of this band is proportional to the absorbed radiation dose. However, the behavior of TBG when exposed to less energetic radiation, e.g. ultraviolet and visible light, remains unclear. Considering the recommendations of international organizations regarding the risks of using such type of radiation, this research aimed to characterize the TBG response when irradiated by different ultraviolet and visible sources as well as to determine its sensitivity to the radiation in the UV-Visible spectral range. Furthermore, this investigation evaluated the viability of TBG as an optical dosimeter. During this study, the gel was exposed to different non-ionizing radiation sources, such as fluorescent lamps, LEDs and a sun simulator. The time between the gel exposition and the measurement of its response was studied, as well as the influence of different source irradiances and temperatures of irradiation. A spectrometer operating on the 350-900 nm spectral range has measured the gel color shift. The results showed different sensitivities according to the spectral range delivered by the source: UVC has produced the most intense change in color, followed by UVB, UVA and visible, respectively. The temperature of irradiation and the irradiance provided by the sources have shown considerable influence on the color shift. The results showed that it is possible to use the TBG gel as optical radiation dosimeter. The use of correction factors for temperature of irradiation and irradiance of the source are mandatory.
Schwarcke, Marcelo Menna Barreto. "Caracterização do gel polimérico MAGIC-f para aplicação em medicina nuclear utilizando imagens de ressonância magnética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-12112013-084219/.
This work aims to improve and make more accurate use of the gel dosimeter MAGIC-f polymer in the study of dose distribution for radioactive source used in therapy and diagnosis in nuclear medicine. For this, MRI parameters reading of the gel were evaluated and its response when compared to results obtained using a Monte Carlo simulation PENELOPE code. Among the uncertainties observed in the overall use of MAGIC-f gel, its manufacturing demonstrated a greater concern since error in chemical fractions added causes big difference in the response of the dosimeter. The acquisition of dosimetric equipment information in a magnetic resonance imaging showed that the shorter eco times are more efficient in differentiating the signal generated in the polymerization process due to the use of sources of nuclear medicine than image resolution changes and the homogeneity of the magnetic field can cause large difference in the results. Experiments performed with the MAGIC-f gel, demonstrated a low energy dependence and a large dependence on the dose rate, two important factors in nuclear medicine, but comparative results with simulated and experimental processes using sources of I-131, Tc-99m and F-18 showed a great accuracy in results, thus making the MAGIC-f gel an excellent tool for volumetric verification of absorbed dose therapy with sources of nuclear medicine.
Bäck, Sven Å J. "Implementation of MRI gel dosimetry in radiation therapy." Malmö : Lund : Malmö University Hospital ; Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945079.html.
Sánchez, Mirko Salomón Alva. "Verificação 3D da distribuição da dose em radiocirurgia estereotáxica através de simulação Monte Carlo e dosimetria por ressonância magnética nuclear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-15052013-193530/.
Stereotactic radiosurgery is a technique which delivers high radiation doses using small fields to conform the absorbed dose into the target volume. Due to the complexity of this technique it is necessary to verify the dose distribution in the treatment volume. Thus, in this study the three-dimensional (3D) dose distributions of selected clinical cases of cranial tumors were obtained using a head phantom. The the dose distributions of target volumes and adjacent regions were evaluated with PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulation code, MAGIC-f dosimeter and iPlan® treatment planning system. Radiochromic films were also used to determine the dose distribution on selected plans of the treatment. The obtained results for the proposed dosimetric tools were analyzed by the gamma index distributions, comparing the maps of the central dose distributions obtained with the four dosimetric tools. Using the dose criteria of 3% in 3 mm, the gamma index test showed equivalence in the region of dose prescription (95% isodose) and a different result was observed for lower isodoses, with maximum accordance of 76.5%. The volumetric dose distributions obtained with PENELOPE, MAGIC-f and iPlan were also compared using the dose-volume histograms for each studied case, showing that 95% of the absorbed dose yield within the target volume. The tumor control probability, TCP, was evaluated for the studied radiosurgery cases, from the dose distributions-volumetric, resulting in a maximum probability of tumor control of 72% for all cases, for the used mathematical model of TCP. From the results it can be inferred that the MAGIC-f gel dosimeter and the PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulation code can be used to determine 3D dose distributions for stereotactic radiosurgery. These dosimetric tools can assist the commissioning of treatment units and 3D dose verifications of patients treatments, allowing assessments in and around the target volume and may become routine in radiotherapy services.
Ermeneux, Louis. "Dosimétrie des systèmes IRM-LINAC utilisés en radiothérapie externe : caractérisation des faisceaux et évaluation des distributions de dose." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP005.
MR-LINAC are radiotherapy devices that combine a linear accelerator (LINAC) and a magnetic resonance imager (MRI), allowing an improved tumor tracking. Dosimetric issues associated with the presence of the static magnetic field have been discussed in the literature. The aim of this thesis is to develop dosimetric tools and robust protocols for use on MRI-LINACs to enhance the knowledge of the doses delivered to patients treated with these devices. The first part of the work focuses on determining output factors (OF) in small fields on this device and studying detectors' responses. No significant variation in response was observed for EBT3 films exposed to different durations in the presence of the magnetic field (0.35 T). This high-resolution 2D detector was then used to perform several series of OF measurements on an MRidian MR-LINAC, which were then compared with measurements using active detectors (ionization chambers, diodes, microdiamond) as well as with data from the treatment planning system (TPS). A good agreement was observed between the measured OF and those calculated by the TPS for field sizes larger than or equal to 2.5x2.5 cm²; an underestimation of the TPS OF was observed for smaller field sizes (0.83x0.83 cm²: 6% for films and f 4% on average for solid active detectors). After applying TRS483 correction factors, measurements with active detectors converge with those obtained with films. These discrepancies with the TPS suggest the need for a more robust adjustment of the TPS algorithm for small fields. Measurements were complemented by Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 code to establish correction factors in the presence of a magnetic field for active detectors. The second part focuses on the feasibility of MRI reading of TruView dosimetric gels (ModusQA) manufactured in the laboratory to evaluate dose distributions. These gels, characterized by MRI reading (measuring T2 relaxation time), exhibited a dose-response linearity up to 7 Gy, along with relatively low sensitivity compared to the literature. Significant thermal sensitivity and gel inhomogeneity between the gel surface and deeper layers were observed in non-irradiated gels, and protocols were implemented to address these issues. The feasibility of using dosimetric gels for patient quality control in MR-Linac has been demonstrated, but an enhancement of gel sensitivity is required to achieve reliable dosimetry with this protocol
Hepworth, Stephen J. "Investigations into polymer gel dosimetry using magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/978/.
Alrushoud, Abdullah A. "Polymer gel dosimetry in radiation therapy using computed tomography." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616921.
Silva, Ana Luiza Quevedo Ramos da. "Avaliação de parâmetros dosimétricos de fontes de braquiterapia utilizando simulação Monte Carlo e dosimetria gel polimérica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-06102014-084506/.
Dosimetry in brachytherapy is important to assure the conformity between the planned and the delivered dose to the patient. However, the experimental determination of dose is difficult in this technique due the high dose gradient in regions near the source. Hence, polymer gel dosimetry has been studied as a tool to obtain three-dimensional distribution dose for these sources. A report of American Association of Medical Physics, entitled TG-43, proposes a formalism for dose calculation for brachytherapy sources through parameters such as activity, anisotropy and geometry of the source, and the attenuation and radiation scattering produced in the surrounding medium. However, the dosimetric functions needed for dose calculations are not directly determined through experiments. In this concern, the Monte Carlo method has been used in the calculation of these dosimetric funcions in brachytherapy. In the present work, the dosimetric parameters for two brachytherapy sources, 60Co e 192Ir, were determined using Monte Carlo simulation with PENELOPE code, and the dose distributions for the 192Ir source were determined using polymer gel dosimetry with MAGIC-f. Data obtained computationally were compared to literature, showing more than 98% agreement in all parameters for the 60Co source. For 192Ir, differences up to 22% were found to the literature, although when the results of this work were compared to the treatment planning system, a R2 equal to 0,9996 was found to the data fitting adjusting both data. The comparison of simulated dose distributions for 192Ir and those determined with MAGIC-f polymer gel showed that 97% of the points covered by 50% isodose are in agreement when gamma index criteria of 3% and 3 mm was used. These results indicate the potential use of polymer gel dosimetry with MAGIC-f and Monte Carlo simulation with PENELOPE code in dosimetry of high dose rate brachytherapy sources.
Lizar, Jéssica Caroline. "Comparação dosimétrica 3D de tratamentos de câncer de mama com técnica conformacional 3D usando filtros e com IMRT direto e inverso na presença do movimento respiratório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-30082017-152201/.
External postoperative radiotherapy in women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer is considered as a standard procedure, however during planning for target volume irradiation as possible dosimetric uncertainties reabsorption of the patient\'s intrinsic respiratory movement are disregarded. This study evaluates not only the influence of respiration on the three-dimensional distribution of the dose but how this distribution is modified due to the radiotherapy technique used for treatment. Three planning techniques were analyzed: three-dimensional conformational radiotherapy (3D-RT) with filters, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) using direct planning and inverse IMRT. In order to simulate the movement of contraction and expansion of the chest wall, a platform with predetermined oscillation amplitudes was used, the oscillation frequency was provided by a variable voltage source. To simulate the breast, semi-spherical simulator objects filled with dosimetric gel (MAGIC-f) were used. The plannnings for each technique were performed on the computerized tomography (CT) of the simulator object filled with water in static mode. Three batches of gel dosimeters were prepared for the project, each batch was irradiated with a different radiothermic technique and comprised five simulator objects and a set of nine calibration tubes filled with MAGIC-f gel. The first simulator objects is used as reference, the second is irradiated in the static mode, the others are irradiated using different amplitudes, respectively: 0,34 cm, 0,88 cm and 1,22 cm. Volumetric dose information was obtained using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, each batch was scanned with a multi spin echo sequence and the dose-related relaxometry maps were extracted in a software developed and improved by our Group of research. The quantitative comparison of the relaxometry maps of the moving simulator objects with respect to the static mode was performed by the three-dimensional gamma index (3% / 3mm / 15% threshold). For the 3D-RT, the percentage of approved points of the static object with respect to the oscillator in the amplitude of 0.34 cm was 96.44%, for amplitude of 0.88 cm was 93.23% and for amplitude of 1.22 cm was 91.65%. For the direct IMRT the percentage of approved points of the static object in relation to the oscillator in the amplitude of 0.34 cm was 98.42%, for amplitude of 0.88 cm was 95.66% and for amplitude of 1.22 cm was 94.31%. For the inverse IMRT, the percentage of approved points of the static object in relation to the oscillator in the amplitude of 0.34 cm was 94.49%, for amplitude of 0.88 cm was 93.51% and for amplitude of 1.22 cm was 86.62%. From the results, it is inferred that a low-amplitude respiratory movement, for breast cancer treatments, is not a worrying factor for clinical routine, however, increasing the amplitude of the oscillation increases the inomogeneity of the dose and this affects the dosimetry parameters of the target volume coverage. It was observed that the dose distribution changes with the technique in use and in the case of the inverse IMRT for amplitude of oscillation of 1.22 cm, less than 90% of points were approved in the gamma index evaluation
Khoei, Shadi. "Quantitative ultrasound computed tomography imaging of PAGAT radiation dosimetry gel." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63958/1/Shadi_Khoei_Thesis.pdf.
Farajollahi, Ali Reza. "An investigation into the applications of polymer gel dosimetry in radiotherapy." Thesis, Online version, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.284699.
Hurley, Christopher Anthony. "The development of normoxic polymer gel dosimetry using high resolution MRI." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16442/1/Christopher_Hurley_Thesis.pdf.
Hurley, Christopher Anthony. "The development of normoxic polymer gel dosimetry using high resolution MRI." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16442/.
Valente, M. A. "Fricke gel dosimetry for 3D imaging of absorbed dose in radiotherapy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/41638.
Silveira, Matheus Antônio da. "Dosimetria gel no controle de qualidade tridimensional para radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT) de próstata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-03072014-233935/.
The intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is one of the most modern radiotherapeutic technique that enables the delivery of high and complexes conformational doses to the tumor volume, that requires new methods for the quality assurance of the procedures performed. Radiotherapy services usually perform quality assurance of the planning system with the ionization chamber for spot-checking and an array of semiconductor diodes (MapCHECK2) to check on a two-dimensional plane, however for tridimensional dose verification does not exist an established dosimeter in the clinical routine. In this context, for three-dimensional dosimetry the polymeric gels were used. In This work the conventional one and two-dimensional dosimetry as employed in the clinical routine, and the three-dimensional dosimetry using polymer gel MAGIC- f, which provide the volumetric dose distribution. Prostate cancer clinical cases were chosen for this work because this kind of tumor is one of the most common cases in male individuals. In the context of dosimetry gel to obtain volumetric information an imaging technique is necessary, in this case the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was used to measure the dose. From these images it is possible to determine the distributions of doses processing them in a software developed by our research group that determines R2 relaxation rates associated with the absorbed dose and subsequently compare the images obtained with the images of the planning system. For this, ten slices were obtained along each phantom, and comparisons were made with the respective slice of the treatment planning system, in the corresponding position. For a quantitative evaluation of the gamma index , in the standard criterion in radiotherapy, 3 % dose and 3 mm distance to agreement was used. The results obtained shown that gel dosimetry agrees with the conventional quality controls and provide an overview of dose distribution in the target volume.
Pianoschi, Thatiane Alves. "Estudo de dosimetria gel polimérica em radioterapia com feixes de elétrons utilizando ressonância magnética e simulação Monte Carlo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-07102014-113550/.
Electron beam radiotherapy has been used frequently for treatments of superficial tumors, due its characteristics of well-defined range and high dose gradient at low depth. For new radiotherapy techniques with this type of beam, a strict quality control is necessary for a safe implementation. Protocols recommend that the quality control for electron beams must be performed with an ionization chamber. However, thermoluminescent dosimeters, films and diodes are also used for this purpose. Although, these dosimeters do not have a set of essential characteristics for performing quality control, like high spatial resolution, low energy dependence, possibility of use in high dose gradients and three dimensional dose distribution acquisition. The present work evaluated the use of MAGIC-f gel dosimeter for the quality control in radiotherapy with electron beams. The readings of the gel samples were made by magnetic resonance imaging and Monte Carlo simulation was used to compare the obtained results. As part of a quality control for the electron beam parameters as percentage depth dose and beam profile were determined. Also beam quality factors, such as R50, were calculated in reference conditions and for small fields. The obtained results were compared with clinical data and MAGIC-f the maximum obtained difference was 4%. In addition, dose distributions from clinical applications with electron beams were evaluated by the gamma index. Considering the criteria of 3% DD and 3 mm DTA, the results showed concordance greater than 94% for all dosimetric methods. Thus, according to the dosimetric measurements through MAGIC-f gel dosimeter it can be inferred that the gel dosimeter can be used as auxiliary tool in the quality control procedures in radiotherapy to electron beam. Also, MAGIC-f is a useful a tool to determine tridimensional dose distributions of electron beam.
Dias, Juliana Rosada. "Caracterização dosimétrica de gel tipo VIPARnd através de técnicas ópticas para feixes de raios x de 6mv usados em radioterapia externa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/19010.
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Neste trabalho as principais características ópticas do dosímetro gel VIPARnd foram avaliadas para feixes de fótons de 6 MV usados em radioterapia externa. O espectro de absorvância do dosímetro gel foi avaliado com espectrofotometria óptica e através do processamento de imagens fotográficas adquiridas com câmera de sensor CMOS para doses de 0 a 50 Gy. Foram avaliadas duas soluções com concentrações diferentes dos componentes do gel. Os dados obtidos através da espectrofotometria óptica mostram que o VIPARnd apresenta pico de absorção entre 300 a 320 nm dependendo da dose absorvida. O aumento da dose absorvida causa aumento na absorvância do VIPARnd. As curvas de dose resposta foram analisadas em função do máximo de absorção e também através da área sob o espectro. A solução 1 apresenta região linear de 3 a 20 Gy e a solução 2 para a região de 0,5 a 5 Gy. A repetitividade entre amostras de um mesmo lote ficou em 0,5% e a reprodutibilidade inter-lotes em 5 %. A estabilidade do gel VIPARnd foi mantida para um tempo pós-irradiação de pelo menos 15 dias. As imagens fotográficas foram adquiridas em escala RGB, a partir da análise de absorção óptica foi suposto que a componente azul apresentasse maior resposta para determinação da dose absorvida o que de fato foi comprovado com os dados obtidos. Para este caso a faixa de resposta linear obtida foi entre 3 e 20 Gy para a solução 1 e entre 0,5 e 20 Gy para a solução 2. Como testes adicionais, foi analisado a curva de dose resposta a partir de imagens de tomografia computadorizada, assim como o estudado da aplicação do gel para medidas de perfil de campos pequenos e PDP para feixes de raios X de 6 MV e a resposta do gel à irradiações com fonte de irídio 192 usadas em braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose. O bom desempenho do dosímetro VIPARnd nos testes realizados indica que este pode ser utilizado na avaliação tridimensional da dose em tratamento radioterápicos. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This work aims to evaluate the optical characteristics of a dosimeter VIPARnd for 6 MV photon beam used in radiotherapy. The absorbance spectrum of irradiated gel dosimeter was evaluated with optical spectrophotometer techniques and with CMOS camera readout for dose range of 0 to 50 Gy. Two solutions with different concentration were evaluated. Data shows that the VIPARnd has a maximum absorbance at 300 to 320 nm depending on the absorbed dose. The absorbed dose increases the absorbance values of VIPARnd. The dose response curves were obtained by the peak value and the relative area under of absorbance curve. The solution 1 shown interval of linearity from 3 to 20 Gy and the solution 2 from 0,5 to 5 Gy. The repeatability and inter-batch reproducibility of gel response were 0,5 % and 5% respectively. Temporal analysis indicates that the gel dosimeter has no significant variation in absorbance peak for the post irradiation times until 15 days. The CMOS camera readouts were obtained in RGB color, the absorbance measurements suggest a major response of dose for blue matrix verified with data. The dose response curve for blue component showed interval of linearity from 3 to 20 Gy for solution 1 and from 0,5 to 20 Gy. Additional tests were performed to determine the dose response with X-ray computed tomography, analyses of dose profile measurements for small field radiation therapy and percentage depth dose for 6 MV photon beam and gel response for irradiation with Iridium 192 source in high dose rate brachytherapy. These characteristics indicate that the presented VIPARnd polymer gel could be helpful for radiotherapy dosimetry.
Moreira, Marcos Vasques. "Dosimetria Fricke Xilenol Gel na região de não-equilíbrio para radioterapia com feixes de fótons e elétrons." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-22072013-102348/.
When one uses high energies photons and electrons ionizing radiations beam, the region closer to the surface of the patient, non-equilibrium region, can obtain the absorbed dose behavior compromised due to several factors such as the presence of auxiliary materials in radiotherapy, like the \"bolus\" (used to superficialize the absorbed dose) and immobilizing material as the thermoplastic mask. Depending on the significance of the uncertainty in the dose absorbed value, measurements must be taken in order the measured value be as close as possible to that prescribed. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the ability of FXG for the measurements of the absorbed dose in the region of non-equilibrium and their behavior. The specific object ives are: (1) to evaluate and compare the µ/? experimental and simulated (X-COM and GEANT-4) for various materials, including the FXG; (2) to evaluate the influence of the therm oplastic mask in the prescribed absorbed dose, and (3) to determine the equilibrium electronic point, R100, depending on the photon and electron beam energies for various materials. The results present that the FXG µ/? is close to that of the soft tissue (TM); the mask material influences the absorbed dose distribution in the non-equilibrium region, and the values obtained experimentally and also through MatLab® and Penelope® simulation indicate equivalence between the materials of ionization chamber (IC) a nd water, different from the equivalence between the FXG and TM. This last result corroborates the obtained one in the experiment for the µ/? determination, suggesting the adequacy of FXG for measurements in the non-equilibrium region.
Baldock, Clive. "Aspects of dosimetry using radiation sensitive gels." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249297.
Afonso, Luciana Caminha. "Estudo da influência de partículas de ouro na dose absorvida em tecido mole utilizando dosimetria com gel polimérico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-21112011-091727/.
The presence of high-Z material adjacent to soft tissue, when submitted to irradiation, enhances locally the absorbed dose in these soft tissues. Such effect occurs due to the outscattering of photoelectrons from the high-Z material. Polymer gel dosimeters have been used to investigate this effect. Analytic calculations to estimate the dose enhancement and Monte Carlo simulations have been performed. Samples containing polymer gel (PG) with 0.005 gAu/gPG and pure polymer gel have been irradiated using an X-rays beam produced by 150 kV, filtered with 4 mm Al and 5 mm Cu, which resulted in an approximately 20% higher absorbed dose in the samples with gold in comparison to those with pure polymer gel. The analytic calculations and the Monte Carlo simulation resulted in a dose enhancement factor of approximately 30%.
Asena, Andre. "Dosimetry in the vicinity of high-density materials in radiotherapy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103983/1/Andre_Asena_Thesis.pdf.
Amin, Md Nurul. "Polymer gel dosimetry applied to β particles, electrons and 300 kV X-rays." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29451.
Gear, Jonathan. "Polymer gels for dosimetry in targeted radionuclide therapy." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2009. http://publications.icr.ac.uk/10124/.
Aranda, Lara Liliana, and García Eugenio Torres. "Modelado de Tejido Biológico con Maniquí de Gel de AGAR por dosimetría del 99mTc." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/14420.
Lima, Hestia Raissa Batista Reis. "Síntese e caracterização do LiAlSi2O6 por novas rotas de produção." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5311.
The spodumene (LiAlSi2O6 - LAS) is a silicate that has shown good results for high-dose dosimetry for gamma rays. This silicate may be obtained naturally or synthetically. The synthetic spodumene has been produced by solid state reaction, whose difficulty arises from the need to employ high temperatures. This paper aims to produce LAS through two different production routes: the proteic sol-gel and Pechini methods. The material produced was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TGA) in order to evaluate the structural properties of the material, as well as possible changes in physical or chemical properties depending on the temperature. It was found by XRD and Rietveld refinement was possible to obtain LAS B-spodumene phase by both methods. The thermal analysis showed that the material for both methods suffer considerable loss of weight in the temperature range 20-600 °C. Through thermoluminescent measures, one can observe that the LAS produced by both methods shows thermoluminescent peaks from beta irradiation at a dose of 1 Gy, thus allowing its application dosimetry. It can be concluded therefore that there is the possibility of producing them in large numbers at reduced cost and environmental impact, being viable in dosimetry. It also follows that the sol-gel protein appeared to be the best way to produce the LAS compared with other routes used, such as solid state synthesis or devitrification.
O espodumênio (LiAlSi2O6 LAS) é um silicato que tem demonstrado bons resultados para dosimetria de altas doses para raios gama. Esse silicato pode ser obtido de forma natural ou sintética. O espodumênio sintético tem sido produzido por reação do estado sólido, cuja dificuldade provém da necessidade de se empregar altas temperaturas. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de produzir o LAS por meio de duas rotas de produção diferentes: a sol-gel proteica e método Pechini. O material produzido foi caracterizado através da difração de raios X (DRX), análises térmica diferencial (DTA) e termogravimétrica (TGA) com o intuito de avaliar as propriedades estruturais do material, bem como as possíveis mudanças de propriedades físicas ou químicas em função da temperatura. Verificou-se através da DRX e do refinamento Rietveld que foi possível se obter LAS na fase B-espodumênio por ambos os métodos. As análises térmicas mostraram que o material, por ambos os métodos, sofre perda considerável de massa no intervalo de temperatura de 20 a 600 °C. Através de medidas termoluminescentes, pode-se observar que o LAS produzido por ambos os métodos apresenta picos termoluminescentes a partir de irradiação beta com dose de 1 Gy, possibilitando sua aplicação dosimétrica. Pode-se concluir, assim, que há possibilidade de produção do LAS em larga escala a um custo e impacto ambiental reduzidos, sendo viável sua utilização em dosimetria. Também se conclui que o método sol-gel proteico se apresentou como sendo a melhor forma de produzir o LAS em comparação com outras rotas utilizadas, tais como síntese de estado sólido ou desvitrificação.
Acurio, Erick Sebastian Rundo. "Dosimetria gel no controle de qualidade tridimensional em tratamento de radioterapia com intensidade modulada e técnica SMART (Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated Radiation Therapy)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-11072017-093423/.
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) treatments in the radiotherapy practice made possible the simultaneously treatment of multiple targets at an accelerated treatment regimen, this scheme is known as Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated Radiation Therapy (SMART). These treatments require a strict quality control (QC) that should be done, ideally, in three dimensions. A potential tool for tridimensional dosimetry (3D) is the use of polymeric gel with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Images (NMRI). In this paper, the 3D dosimetry with MAGIC-f gel was applied in 10 QC radiotherapy planning using the SMART technique. Initially, the dose distributions of assessed plans were remeasured in simulator geometry based on a CT scan. All plans used were previously approved in punctual and planar conventional CQ, which validated the dose distribution planning system (TPS) for comparison with the gel dosimetry. The simulators were irradiated with established schedules and dose distributions were obtained by relaxometry in NMRI. The comparison of dose distributions calculated by TPS and measured in the gel was made by gamma analysis (3% / 3mm) and by comparing the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) calculated and measured for two volumes created in the equivalent regions to target volumes of treatment. These results highlight the potential use of the polymer gel dosimetry in IMRT planning 3D CQ with SMART technique, providing complete 3D information of the absorbed dose in each target volume planned, if carried out following the pre-established protocols.
Capeleti, Felipe Favaro. "Dosimetria em tomografia computadorizada e avaliação do perfil de dose empregando dosímetro Fricke gel e a técnica de imageamento por ressonância magnética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-15102014-105653/.
In this work it was determined a new method for the determination of absorbed doses in Computed Tomography (CT) examinations using Fricke gel dosimetry developed at IPEN. Absorbed doses were determined by different methods of analysis, such as optical absorption spectrometry, ionization chambers and magnetic resonance imaging. Lower limit of sensitivity of the Fricke gel solution, the solution repeatability signal Fricke gel and CT equipment, detection sensitivity, among other tests were performed. Different equipment of computed tomography with multiple detectors were used. The Fricke gel solution showed better repeatability than 5.5% using the technique of optical absorption spectrophotometry and computed tomography equipment showed repeatability better than ± 0.2%. It was developed a skull phantom which was filled with Fricke gel solution for determining the total collimation of the equipment and the dose distribution using the technique of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. The Fricke gel solution features an easy and relatively quick preparation, but it is necessary to be careful not to contaminate and lose the solution. With the results it was confirmed the application of this type of dosimetry for computed tomography equipment.
Trapp, Jamie Vincent. "Imaging and radiation interactions of polymer gel dosimeters." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15904/1/Jamie_Trapp_Thesis.pdf.
Trapp, Jamie Vincent. "Imaging And Radiation Interactions Of Polymer Gel Dosimeters." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15904/.
Lama, Lucas Sacchini Del. "Caracterização e adaptação do dosímetro Fricke para dosimetria em irradiação de sangue." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-11112013-115906/.
The Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease (TA-GVHD) is a rare transfusion reaction, however fatal, which develops due to the presence of donor T lymphocytes in the donated blood and that can be avoided by the irradiation of the donated blood blood and blood components prior to transfusion. Thus, the associated quality control of blood irradiation is necessary to guarantee the quality of the transfused product. In this work it is proposed the characterization and adaptation of the response of a Fricke dosimeter to be used for dosimetry of blood irradiation, more especiafically the Fricke Xylenol Gel (FXG). This is a radiochromic chemical dosimeter, which presents advantages to be tissue equivalent and allows the spatial absorbed dose inference. In this manner, in a way to possibilitate the absorbed dose inference in the full interval used for the prevention of the TA-GVHD (25 to 50 Gy) the FXG was characterized and adapted for dosimetry applications involving blood and blood components irradiation. The results with the new dosimeter showed adequability for the necessary absorbed doses, with satisfactory sensibility and time fading for routine applications. Furthermore, according to the methodology proposed in this work, it was possible to determine the spatial absorbed dose distributions with the new dosimeter in an fast and simple way, showing that this dosimeter presents convenient characteristics for dosimetry quality control of irradiated the blood and blood components.
AFONSO, LUCIANA C. "Estudo da influência de partículas de ouro na dose absorvida em tecido mole utilizando dosimetria com gel polimérico." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10034.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Cavinato, Christianne Cobello. "Padronização do método de dosimetria Fricke gel e avaliação tridimensional de dose empregando a técnica de imageamento por ressonância magnética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-05112009-102509/.
This study standardized the method for obtaining the Fricke gel solution developed at IPEN. The results for different gel qualities used in the preparation of solutions and the influence of the gelatin concentration in the response of dosimetric solutions were compared. Type tests such as: dose response dependence, minimum and maximum detection limits, response reproducibility, among others, were carried out using different radiation types and the Optical Absorption (OA) spectrophotometry and Magnetic Resonance (MR) techniques. The useful dose ranges for Co 60 gamma radiation and 6 MeV photons are 0,4 to 30,0 Gy and 0,5 to 100,0 Gy , using OA and MR techniques, respectively. A study of ferric ions diffusion in solution was performed to determine the optimum time interval between irradiation and samples evaluation; until 2,5 hours after irradiation to obtain sharp MR images. A spherical simulator consisting of Fricke gel solution prepared with 5% by weight 270 Bloom gelatine (national quality) was developed to be used to three-dimensional dose assessment using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique. The Fricke gel solution prepared with 270 Bloom gelatine, that, in addition to low cost, can be easily acquired on the national market, presents satisfactory results on the ease of handling, sensitivity, response reproducibility and consistency. The results confirm their applicability in the threedimensional dosimetry using MRI technique.