Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dose response relationships

Academic literature on the topic 'Dose response relationships'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Dose response relationships"

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May, Susanne, and Carol Bigelow. "Modeling Nonlinear Dose-Response Relationships in Epidemiologic Studies: Statistical Approaches and Practical Challenges." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.004.

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Non-linear dose response relationships pose statistical challenges for their discovery. Even when an initial linear approximation is followed by other approaches, the results may be misleading and, possibly, preclude altogether the discovery of the nonlinear relationship under investigation. We review a variety of straightforward statistical approaches for detecting nonlinear relationships and discuss several factors that hinder their detection. Our specific context is that of epidemiologic studies of exposure-outcome associations and we focus on threshold and J-effect dose response relationships. The examples presented reveal that no single approach is universally appropriate; rather, these (and possibly other) nonlinearities require for their discovery a variety of both graphical and numeric techniques.
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Lieberman, Ronald, and Robert Nelson. "Dose-Response and Concentration—Response Relationships." Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 15, no. 6 (December 1993): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199312000-00008.

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Glines, Wayne M. "Models of Dose Response Relationships." Health Physics 118, no. 3 (March 2020): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001190.

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Swenberg, James A., David K. La, Nova A. Scheller, and Kuen-yuh Wu. "Dose-response relationships for carcinogens." Toxicology Letters 82-83 (December 1995): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(95)03593-1.

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Scott, Bobby R. "Stochastic Thresholds: A Novel Explanation of Nonlinear Dose-Response Relationships for Stochastic Radiobiological Effects." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.009.

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New research data for low-dose, low- linear energy transfer (LET) radiation-induced, stochastic effects (mutations and neoplastic transformations) are modeled using the recently published NEOTRANS3 model. The model incorporates a protective, stochastic threshold (StoThresh) at low doses for activating cooperative protective processes considered to include presumptive p53-dependent, high-fidelity repair of nuclear DNA damage in competition with presumptive p53-dependent apoptosis and a novel presumptive p53-independent protective apoptosis mediated (PAM) process which selectively removes genomically compromised cells (mutants, neoplastic transformants, micronucleated cells, etc.). The protective StoThresh are considered to fall in a relatively narrow low-dose zone (Transition Zone A). Below Transition Zone A is the ultra-low-dose region where it is assumed that only low-fidelity DNA repair is activated along with presumably apoptosis. For this zone there is evidence for an increase in mutations with increases in dose. Just above Transition Zone A, a Zone of Maximal Protection (suppression of stochastic effects) arises and is attributed to maximal cooperation of high-fidelity, DNA repair/apoptosis and the PAM process. The width of the Zone of Maximal Protection depends on low-LET radiation dose rate and appears to depend on photon radiation energy. Just above the Zone of Maximal Protection is Transition Zone B, where deleterious StoThresh for preventing the PAM process fall. Just above Transition Zone B is a zone of moderate doses where complete inhibition of the PAM process appears to occur. However, for both Transition Zone B and the zone of complete inhibition of the PAM process, high-fidelity DNA repair/apoptosis are presumed to still operate. The indicated protective and deleterious StoThresh lead to nonlinear, hormetic-type dose-response relationships for low-LET radiation-induced mutations, neoplastic transformation and, presumably, also for cancer.
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Iavicoli, Ivo, Giovanni Carelli, and Alessandro Marinaccio. "Dose-Response Relationships in Human Experimental Exposure to Solvents." Dose-Response 4, no. 2 (April 2006): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.05-036.iavicoli.

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van Wijngaarden, Edwin. "A Graphical Method to Evaluate Exposure-Response Relationships in Epidemiologic Studies Using Standardized Mortality or Morbidity Ratios." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.003.

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In occupational epidemiology, exposure-response analyses play an important role in the evaluation of the etiologic relevance of chemical and physical exposures. The standardized mortality or morbidity ratio (SMR) has been commonly used in occupational cohort studies. Statistical approaches to evaluate exposure-response patterns using SMRs have mostly been limited to analyses in which the exposure under investigation is categorized. Here, a graphical method for evaluating exposure-response patterns is presented based on SMR estimates across moving exposure windows. This method is demonstrated using the results of two hypothetical cohort studies. The proposed approach may be useful for graphical exploration of exposure-response trends in situations where the number of observed cases is small.
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Sethi, Rajni A., Stephen C. Rush, Shian Liu, Suresh A. Sethi, Erik Parker, Bernadine Donahue, Ashwatha Narayana, Joshua Silverman, Douglas Kondziolka, and John G. Golfinos. "Dose-Response Relationships for Meningioma Radiosurgery." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6 (December 2015): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coc.0000000000000008.

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Mandelbaum, B. R., A. T. C. Nasser, M. S. Watanabe, and B. S. Teurlings. "GYMNAST WRIST PAIN DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00276.

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ULM, K. "Nonparametric Analysis of Dose-Response Relationships." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 895, no. 1 UNCERTAINTY I (December 1999): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08088.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dose response relationships"

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Alfvén, Tobias. "Bone and kidney effects from cadmium exposure : dose effect and dose response relationships /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-341-4.

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Wylie, Lee John. "Dietary nitrate supplementation : dose-response relationships and effects on intermittent exercise performance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24290.

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Dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate has been shown to lower the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and to improve performance during continuous endurance exercise. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to improve understanding of the supplementation procedures in which nitrate is most likely to benefit exercise physiology and performance, and 2) to explore the ergogenic potential of dietary nitrate in intermittent exercise. Recreationally-active adult participants volunteered to participate in the original investigations presented in this thesis. These participants underwent various oral nitrate supplementation regimes and subsequently provided venous blood samples for the determination of plasma nitrate concentration and plasma nitrite concentration, and completed different exercise tests to assess the potential for nitrate supplementation to improve physiological responses during exercise and exercise performance. Chapter 4: Following the ingestion of 70, 140 and 280 mL concentrated nitrate-rich beetroot juice (containing 4.2, 8.4 and 16.8 mmol nitrate, respectively) plasma nitrite concentration increased dose-dependently, with peak changes occurring at ~2-3 h post ingestion. The oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and exercise tolerance were also influenced dose-dependently 2.5 h post acute BR ingestion when compared to a nitrate-depleted placebo. Specifically, 8.4 mmol and 16.8 mmol lowered the oxygen cost of moderate-intensity exercise by 1.7% (P = 0.06) and 3.0% (P < 0.05), respectively. Exercise tolerance during severe-intensity exercise was significantly improved after ingestion of 8.4 mmol (+14%; P < 0.05), with no further improvement evident following ingestion of 16.8 mmol (+12%; P < 0.05). 4.2 mmol nitrate did not significantly lower the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise or improve exercise tolerance. Chapter 5: Plasma nitrite concentration was dose-dependently elevated 2 h and after 7 days and ~4 weeks of supplementation with 3 mmol and 6 mmol nitrate. Compared to pre-supplementation baseline, and placebo, moderate-intensity exercise oxygen uptake was not lowered with 3 mmol nitrate acutely (2 h) or after ingesting it daily up to ~4 weeks. In contrast, ingestion of 6 mmol nitrate significantly lowered submaximal exercise oxygen uptake by 3% after 2 h (P = 0.06), 7 days and ~4 weeks (both P < 0.05) of supplementation. Another interesting observation was that the reduction in submaximal exercise oxygen uptake after ~4 weeks of supplementation with 6 mmol nitrate was preserved 24 h after consumption of the final nitrate dose despite plasma nitrite concentration having returned to baseline. Chapter 6: In recreational team sport players, 28 mmol dietary nitrate administered over ~30 h improved performance in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test (a test that mimics the high-intensity intermittent exercise bouts typical of team sport games) by 4.2%, compared to placebo (nitrate: 1704 m vs. placebo: 1636 m). The decline (or ‘utilisation’) of plasma nitrite from pre-exercise to post-exercise was greater with BR compared to placebo, and the magnitude of this decline in plasma nitrite was positively correlated with the improvement in Yo-Yo IR1 performance. Chapter 7: Supplementation with dietary nitrate for 3-5 days (8.2 mmol nitrate per day) significantly improved performance during 24 x 6-s all-out cycling sprints interspersed with 24 s recovery, but not during 7 x 30-s all-out sprints interspersed with 240 s of recovery or 6 x 60-s self-paced maximal efforts interspersed with 60 s of recovery, in a group of recreational team sport players. The novel findings presented in this thesis suggest that the supplementation procedure, in particular the nitrate dose administered, should be carefully considered by individuals wishing to elicit ergogenic effects following dietary nitrate supplementation. Specifically, the findings suggest that a low dose (≤4.2 mmol) of nitrate is not sufficient to acutely improve exercise tolerance, and that submaximal exercise oxygen uptake is not lowered following acute or prolonged (~30 day) supplementation with a low nitrate dose. In contrast, results show that higher doses (6-8.4 mmol) of nitrate might be sufficient to acutely lower the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and improve exercise tolerance. The present thesis also provides evidence to indicate that dietary nitrate might hold potential as an ergogenic aid for individuals participating in intermittent exercise involving brief bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with short recovery periods, such as team sport players. These findings are of importance as they will help inform supplementation procedures in future studies assessing the ergogenic efficacy of nitrate supplementation. Moreover, they suggest that nitrate supplementation has the potential to improve performance during intermittent exercise as well as continuous endurance exercise.
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Short, Susan Christine. "New methods to overcome radioresistance." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313289.

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FERREIRA, DANILO C. "Dosimetria de processos de irradiacao gama com diodos comerciais de silicio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9451.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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OLIVEIRA, CAMILA T. de. "Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para calibração de câmaras de ionização de placas paralelas em feixes de raios X de energia baixa em termos de dose absorvida em água." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26083.

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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Cullberg, Marie. "Direct Thrombin Inhibitors in Treatment and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Dose – Concentration – Response Relationships." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6872.

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Akubat, Ibrahim. "Training load monitoring in soccer : the dose-response relationships with fitness, recovery and fatigue." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6898.

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The congested fixture schedules in elite soccer leagues around the world has bought the issue of recovery between games and subsequent performance to the fore in soccer related research. Studies have described the time-course of recovery for numerous biochemical and physiological measures of performance, fatigue and recovery from match-play. However, the research also suggests that there is individual variation in the external load both between players and between matches. The external load measured as distance in match-play has been shown to vary by ~30% between games. However it is the internal training load that will determine the magnitude of the physiological responses on an individual basis. Therefore the major aim of this thesis was to examine the dose-response relationships between measures of training load and the physiological and biochemical responses used as markers of recovery from match-play. The thesis also assessed the relationships between these proposed markers of recovery and soccer specific performance. In meeting the aims of the thesis a number of preliminary studies were conducted. The study in section 3 assesses the extent of fixture congestion in the English Premier League. The results showed over 30% of games for the most successful teams are played with 3 days recovery time, justifying the need for investigating recovery from soccer match-play. Given the variation in soccer match-play section 4 examines the reliability and validity of the modified BEAST90 soccer simulation. A measure of performance with less variance would allow changes in soccer specific performance to be identified with greater certainty in section 7. Section 5 assesses the influence of intermittent exercise on the blood lactate response. Given that the new iTRIMP method of measuring internal training load weights exertion with the blood lactate response it was important to assess the influence exercise mode may have on the calculation of internal training load. The results showed that at higher intensities intermittent exercise produced significantly higher blood lactate responses. Section 6 assesses the dose-response relationships between training and fitness using numerous measures of internal training load over a 6 week training period. The results showed only the iTRIMP method showed a significant relationship with changes in fitness. Section 7 assesses the dose-response relationships between exertion in soccer match-play and various physiological measures of fatigue and recovery. The relationships between these measures and changes in soccer specific performance were also assessed. Finally the internal and external load were integrated and the relationships of this ratio assessed with measures of fitness and performance. The results showed that changes in any of the physiological and biochemical measures used to assess recovery did not relate to changes in performance with the exception of testosterone which showed significant positive relationships with changes in distance covered from the 1st trial of the modified BEAST protocol to 2nd. Testosterone also was the only measure to show a significant relationship during the recovery period with any measure of training load (sRPE). Finally, the novel findings of this thesis is the relationships between the integrated ratio’s of internal and external training load with measures of aerobic fitness is also presented in section 7. The studies provided in this thesis have made a major contribution in demonstrating how data that is routinely collected at elite levels of soccer can be used more appropriately. It has also shown limitations of some the methods currently employed to measure training load. Furthermore changes in many of the markers used to assess recovery of soccer players do not seem to relate to changes in soccer specific performance. This may point to a change in paradigm which is required in both research and practice.
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Harris, Rhodri. "Radiation effects on custom MOS devices." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301376.

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Sporer, Benjamin Carson. "Dose-response relationships of inhaled salbutamol in competitive non-asthmatic athletes : effects on performance and urine concentrations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31070.

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Currently, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) permits asthmatic athletes to use inhaled salbutamol (SAL) to help attenuate compromised lung function during exercise. Although the majority of previous research shows no benefit in non-asthmatic athletes, there lacks an examination of the dose-response effect of SAL on performance using a sport-specific evaluation. Additionally, there lacks a description of how dose affects the concentration of SAL in the urine (cSAL). We hypothesized that salbutamol would have no effect on performance in non-asthmatic athletes and that cSAL would be affected by dose and be highly variable. Three projects were completed. Study 1 established the typical error and reliability of time-trial performance using the Velotron cycle ergometer. Highly trained, male cyclists performed three 20-km time-trials (TT) demonstrating the test to be highly reliable with low coefficients of variance for power and time (1.8-2.0% and 0.8-1.0% respectively). In Study 2, lung function was positively affected by SAL and urine analysis revealed a dose-response relationship with cSAL while at rest, up to a dose 800μg. Peak values were observed at 60min post-inhalation and cSAL was highly variable at each time point. Although several samples approached the WADA limit of 1000 ngml⁻¹, none exceeded this value. Using doses of 200μg, 400μg, and 800μg, Study 3 revealed no effects of SAL on time-trial performance or physiological measures over placebo. Additionally, athlete perception of leg and breathing effort was unaffected across conditions. Similar to Study 2, cSAL was related to dose and highly variable, with no samples resulting in a doping violation. SG was found to be significantly related to cSAL and when corrected to a dehydrated state, several samples exceeded the WADA limit. In summary, these findings allow us to accept the hypothesis that acute inhalation of SAL lacks ergogenic properties in non-asthmatic athletes and does not affect ventilation or metabolic parameters during exercise. Additionally, inhaled SAL does not appear to alter athlete perceptions of effort. The findings further suggest that urine samples will generally fall below the WADA limit following therapeutic doses of SAL, although this may be affected by hydration.
Education, Faculty of
Kinesiology, School of
Graduate
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Stolz, Christan. "Physical activity assessment and health outcomes in old age : how valid are dose-response relationships in epidemiologic studies /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Books on the topic "Dose response relationships"

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Symposium, Fundación Dr Antonio Esteve. Dose-response relationships in clinical pharmacology: Proceedings of the Esteve Foundation Symposium III, dose-response relationships in man, Son Vida, Mallorca, 13-15 October 1988. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989.

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1938-, Lasagna Louis, Erill Sergio, and Naranjo Claudio, eds. Dose-response relationships in clinical pharmacology: Proceedings of the Esteve Foundation Symposium III. : Dose-response relationships in man, Son Vida, Mallorca, 13-15 October 1988. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989.

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Lücke, Stephan Otto. Über die Wirkung geringer Alkoholdosen auf die sakkadischen Augenbewegungen in Leistungsaufgaben. Aachen: Verlag Shaker, 1993.

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L, Sielken Robert, ed. Quantitative cancer modeling and risk assessment. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1993.

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Colloque Les Relations dose-effet de l'alcool (1984 Esclimont, France). Colloque Les Relations dose-effet de l'alcool: Esclimont, France, 20-21 mars 1984. Paris: Documentation française, 1985.

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Exposure-response modeling: Methods and practical implementation. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2016.

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National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements., ed. When is a dose not a dose? Bethesda, MD: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1992.

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S, Allen Bruce M., Faustman Elaine, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk Assessment Forum., eds. The use of the benchmark dose approach in health risk assessment. Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Crump, Kenny S. The use of the benchmark dose approach in health risk assessment. Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Crump, Kenny S. The use of the benchmark dose approach in health risk assessment. Washington, DC: Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dose response relationships"

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Guderian, Robert. "Dose-Response Relationships." In Ecological Studies, 276–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70118-4_14.

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Hartung, Rolf. "Dose—Response Relationships." In Toxic Substances and Human Risk, 29–46. New York, NY: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5290-7_3.

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Crawford-Brown, Douglas J. "Modeling Dose-Response Relationships." In Theoretical and Mathematical Foundations of Human Health Risk Analysis, 151–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6143-9_6.

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Bentzen, Søren M. "Radiation dose-response relationships." In Basic Clinical Radiobiology, 44–53. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429490606-5.

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Awwad, Hassan K. "Some Modifiers of Dose-Response Relationships." In Radiation Oncology: Radiobiological and Physiological Perspectives, 53–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7865-3_3.

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Orsini, Nicola, and Donna Spiegelman. "Meta-Analysis of Dose-Response Relationships." In Handbook of Meta-Analysis, 395–428. First edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor and Francis, [2020] | Series: Chapman & Hall/CRC handbooks of modern statistical methods: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315119403-18.

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Belz, Regina G., Edivaldo D. Velini, and Stephen O. Duke. "Dose/Response Relationships in Allelopathy Research." In Allelopathy, 3–29. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367813673-2.

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Frasier, S. Douglas. "Dose-Response Relationships in Growth Hormone Therapy." In Human Growth Hormone, 67–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7201-5_6.

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Williams, G. M., M. J. Iatropoulos, and A. M. Jeffrey. "Dose-Effect Relationships for DNA-reactive Liver Carcinogens." In The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult, 33–51. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849732925-00033.

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Longstreth, Janice. "Intraspecies Extrapolation: Efforts at Enhancing Dose-Response Relationships." In Risk Assessment and Management, 9–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6443-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dose response relationships"

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Vaughn, Aaron B., Jonathan Rathsam, William J. Doebler, and Kathryn M. Ballard. "Comparison of two statistical models for low boom dose-response relationships with correlated responses." In 181st Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. ASA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0001541.

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Garland, Cedric, Edward Gorham, Sharif Mohr, Carole Baggerly, and Frank Garland. "Abstract ED07-03: Role of Vitamin D in prevention of cancer: dose-response relationships." In Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008. American Association for Cancer Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-08-ed07-03.

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Koukiasas, N., J. Martinez-Perez, R. A. Pilgrim, S. Sanford, and A. J. Murdoch. "Implications of dose-response relationships of herbicide droplet applications for leaf-specific weed control in leeks." In 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-888-9_25.

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Bighamian, Ramin, Sadaf Soleymani, Andrew T. Reisner, Istvan Seri, and Jin-Oh Hahn. "Modeling and System Identification of Hemodynamic Responses to Vasopressor-Inotropes." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3726.

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In an effort to establish an initial step towards the ultimate goal of developing an analytic tool to optimize the vasopressor-inotrope therapy through individualized dose-response relationships, we propose a phenomenological model intended to reproduce the hemodynamic response to vasopressor-inotropes. The proposed model consists of a cardiovascular model relating blood pressure to cardinal cardiovascular parameters (stroke volume and total peripheral resistance) and the phenomenological relationships between the cardinal cardiovascular parameters and the vasopressor-inotrope dose, in such a way that the model can be adapted to individual patient solely based upon blood pressure and heart rate responses to medication dosing. In this paper, the preliminary validity of the proposed model is shown using the experimental epinephrine dose versus blood pressure and heart rate response data collected from five newborn piglets. Its performance and potential usefulness are discussed. It is anticipated that, potentially, the proposed phenomenological model may offer a meaningful first step towards the automated control of vasopressor-inotrope therapy.
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Tortorici, Michael A., Zhenling Yao, James A. Rogers, Oliver Vit, Martin Bexon, Robert Sandhaus, Jonathan Burdon, et al. "Assessment of A1-PI dose-exposure and exposure-response relationships in patients with Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibitor deficiency." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa1485.

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Brace, L. D., J. Fareed, and D. Hoppensteadt. "HEPARIN-INDUCED PLATELET AGGREGATION (H-IPA): DOSE/RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS FOR TWO LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT (LMW)HEPARIN PREPARATIONS (CY 216 and CY 222)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642870.

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We have previously demonstrated that unfractionated heparin causes platelet aggregation (>50%) in about 40% of normal healthy donors tested. H-IPA occurs in a dose-dependent manner and can be inhibited by antogonists of the thromboxane pathway. Using a LMW heparin preparation (PK 10169) and fractions of this agent separated on the basis of molecular weight (MW) by gel permeation chromatography, we showed that H-IPA was dependent upon the MW of the agents tested. In order to further examine this MW dependence, we tested two other LMW heparin preparations, CY 216 (Mol. wt: 5600) and CY 222 (mol. wt: 3800), and 9 subfractions of each of these agents separated on the basis of MW. Blood was drawn from the same donors whose platelets aggregated when heparin was added to their platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and placed into citrate anticoagulant. PRP was prepared, various concentrations of the agents or their fractions were added and aggregation was monitored for 40 minutes at 37°C. Dose/response curves were constructed from the data obtained with each agent. Compared to unmodified heparin with Mr = 15,000 daltons (D), the dose/response curves for CY 216 (Mr = 5000 D) and CY 222 (Mr = 3,500 D) were shifted progressively down and to the right. Dosq' response curves for each of the fractions of CY 216 and CY 222 demonstrated that as the molecular weight of the fractions decreased, the dose/response curves were also shifted progressively down and to the right. These results indicate that as MW decreases, higher concentrations of the fractions are required to cause aggregation, and the maximum aggregation obtained decreases. Fractions with MW less than 2,500 daltons caused aggregation only at concentrations exceeding supra therapeutic range. Since heparin and LMW fractions have inhibitory activity to the activated clotting factors Ila and Xa and LMW fractions have higher anti-Xa than anti-IIa activity, we measured these activities and attempted to correlate them with the ability to cause H-IPA. No correlation between AXa and H-IPA was found. We conclude that the ability to cause H-IPA is an inherent property of heparin and is molecular weight dependent.
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Ramchandran, Vignesh, and Jeremy M. Gernand. "Examining Pulmonary Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles Using Clustering for Safe Exposure Limits." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87431.

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Experimental toxicology studies for the purposes of setting occupational exposure limits for aerosols have drawbacks including excessive time and cost which could be overcome or limited by the development of computational approaches. A quantitative, analytical relationship between the characteristics of emerging nanomaterials and related toxicity is desired to better assist in the subsequent mitigation of toxicity by design. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR’s) and meta-analyses are popular methods used to develop predictive toxicity models. A meta-analysis for investigation of the dose-response and recovery relationship in a variety of engineered nanoparticles was performed using a clustering-based approach. The primary objective of the clustering is to categorize groups of similarly behaving nanoparticles leading to the identification of any physicochemical differences between the various clusters and evaluate their contributions to toxicity. The studies are grouped together based on their similarity of their dose-response and recovery relationship, the algorithm utilizes hierarchical clustering to classify the different nanoparticles. The algorithm uses the Akaike information criterion (AIC) as the performance metric to ensure there is no overfitting in the clusters. The results from the clustering analysis of 2 types of engineered nanoparticles namely Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) for 5 response variables revealed that there are at least 4 or more toxicologically distinct groups present among the nanoparticles on the basis of similarity of dose-response. Analysis of the attributes of the clusters reveals that they also differ on the basis of their length, diameter and impurity content. The analysis was further extended to derive no-observed-adverse-effect-levels (NOAEL’s) for the clusters. The NOAELs for the “Long and Thin” variety of CNTs were found to be the lowest, indicating that those CNTs showed the earliest signs of adverse effects.
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Cooke, Roger, and Margaret MacDonell. "Risk Newsboy: Approach for Addressing Uncertainty in Developing Action Levels and Cleanup Limits." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7324.

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Site cleanup decisions involve developing action levels and residual limits for key contaminants, to assure health protection during the cleanup period and into the long term. Uncertainty is inherent in the toxicity information used to define these levels, based on incomplete scientific knowledge regarding dose-response relationships across various hazards and exposures at environmentally relevant levels. This problem can be addressed by applying principles used to manage uncertainty in operations research, as illustrated by the newsboy dilemma. Each day a newsboy must balance the risk of buying more papers than he can sell against the risk of not buying enough. Setting action levels and cleanup limits involves a similar concept of balancing and distributing risks and benefits in the face of uncertainty. The newsboy approach can be applied to develop health-based target concentrations for both radiological and chemical contaminants, with stakeholder input being crucial to assessing “regret” levels. Associated tools include structured expert judgment elicitation to quantify uncertainty in the dose-response relationship, and mathematical techniques such as probabilistic inversion and iterative proportional fitting.
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Edgecombe, M., M. C. Scrutton, and R. Kerry. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELEVATION OF CYCLIC-3∲,5∲-GMP (cGMP) AND AGGREGATE FORMATION IN HUMAN PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644534.

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Maximal 3- to 5-fold increases in platelet cGMP levels as measured by specific radioimmunoassay are observed on stimulation of aspirin-treated platelet-rich plasma with saturating doses of ADP, adrenaline, 5HT, PAF, thrombin, 9,11-epoxymethano-PGH2 (U44069), collagen, ristocetin and the Ca2+-ionophore ionomycin. The dose/response curves for the elevation in cGMP induced by these agents are either superimposable on, or lie to the right of, those describing the rate or extent of the aggregatory response as measured by an increase in light transmittance. The increase in cGMP induced by ADP is totally inhibited by addition of PGI2 or forskolin with dose/response relationships superimposable on those observed for inhibition of the aggregatory response. No increase in cGMP is observed if platelets are stimulated by PAF or ionomycin in an unstirred system or when aggregation induced by ADP is prevented by addition of a monoclonal antibody which recognises the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex.Addition of the fibrinogen γ-chain C-terminal decapeptide (γ402-411) or α-Chain tetrapeptide ARG-GLY-ASP-SER prevents aggregation and the increase in cGMP induced by PAF. The γ-chain decapeptide also completely prevents the increase in cGMP induced by ristocetin, but the a-chain tetrapeptide is ineffective in this respect. Both peptides inhibit to some extent aggregate formation induced by ristocetin.The data demonstrates a strong correlation between aggregate formaticfn and the increase in the platelet cGMP levels and support the previous postulate that platelet-platelet contact causes, activation of guanylate cyclase. No relationship is apparent between the effects of the various agents tested on cGMP levels and their known ability to increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. (Supported by SERC and Ciba-Geigy.)
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Natarajan, Raghu N., Jamie R. Williams, and Gunnar B. J. Andersson. "Effect of Frequency of Cyclic Loading on Biomechanical Properties of Lumbar Intervertebral Joints." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23039.

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Abstract Epidemiological studies suggest that repetitive loading, including vibration, is of importance in the development of back injuries including disc injuries. Yet the present information from the literature does not allow dose-response relationships to be developed, thereby making it challenging to develop accurate guidelines for prevention of occupational musculoskeletal disorders of the spine. Biomechanical response of individual motion segments as a function of applied load frequency may provide data on the ability of the disc to withstand prolonged cyclic loading. The hypothesis of the current study is that the rate of decrease in disc stiffness at the end of 30 loading cycles increases suddenly if the frequency of compressive loading is greater than 15 Hz. A finite element model was used for this study.
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Reports on the topic "Dose response relationships"

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Calabrese, Edward J. Non-Linear Dose-Response Relationships in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407994.

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Carter, Becky. Inclusion in Crisis Response, Recovery and Resilience. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.079.

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This rapid review provides examples of what has worked to include people in humanitarian assistance who experience heightened vulnerability during crises, due to social inequalities and discrimination relating to gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression, and sex characteristics; and religious belief . Overall, robust evidence is limited for what are, in most cases, relatively new areas of practice in challenging crisis situations. However, the literature does identify promising practices. Emerging themes from the research on what has potential for improving inclusion in humanitarian assistance include: affected people’s meaningful participation in intervention planning and design; whole-of-community approaches while maintaining accountability to the targeted beneficiaries; multi-component approaches combining complementary strategies (e.g. economic empowerment with social norms change programming); longer-term, pre-crisis investment in relationships with, and capacity building of, local organisations; and disaggregating data and undertaking intersectional analyses to include those hardest to reach.
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Watson, Sophie. Student activism: Learning through doing. NZCER, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/rep.0020.

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What do we know about student activism in Aotearoa New Zealand? How do schools view and respond to student activism? And, in what ways does the New Zealand Curriculum support student activism? This paper uses recent literature and media reports to examine the relationship between activism and formal education, including the benefits and challenges associated with in-school activism. Recent examples of out-of-school youth activism are analysed, giving insight to youth activism participation and expression. Adult responses to youth activism, the framing of youth activism and the agency, and ideas about the educational potential of student activism are also discussed.
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Mackey, Katherine, Irina Arkhipova-Jenkins, Charlotte Armstrong, Emily Gean, Johanna Anderson, Robin A. Paynter, and Mark Helfand. Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Rapid Living Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccovidimmunity.

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 Evidence suggests that the majority of adults develop detectable levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (moderate strength of evidence* [SoE]).  IgM levels peak approximately 20 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and subsequently decline. IgG levels peak approximately 25 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and may remain detectable for at least 120 days (moderate SoE*).  Almost all adults develop neutralizing antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these antibodies may remain detectable for at least 152 days (low SoE*).  A small percentage of people do not develop antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection for reasons that are largely unclear but may be related to less severe disease or absence of symptoms.  Antibody prevalence does not appear to vary by age or sex, but older age may be associated with higher antibody levels (low SoE*). Non-White race may be associated with higher antibody prevalence and levels (low SoE*). COVID-19 severity and presence of symptoms may also be associated with higher antibody prevalence or levels (low SoE*). More evidence is needed to draw stronger conclusions regarding how the antibody response varies by patient characteristics and disease factors.  Studies to date have not established the relationship between the development of antibodies after RT-PCR-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of reinfection. Studies based on index serologic testing suggest that the presence of antibodies is associated with a lower risk of a subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.
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Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts, and Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.

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Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the specific objects originally set were: 1. To analyze the impact of pyramiding transgenes for enhanced fatty acid desaturation and for elevated H+-PPase activity on tomato yielding under water deficit stress conditions. 2. To elucidate the biochemical relationship between elevated desaturation of the membrane lipids and the activities of selected vacuolar transporters in the context of drought responses. 3. To explore the S. pennellii introgression lines as alternative genetic sources for drought tolerance related to enhanced fatty acid desaturation and/or H+-PPase activity. 4. Since OEX-FAD3 increases the levels of linolenic acid which is the precursor of various oxylipins including the stress hormone Jasmonate. (JA), study of the effect of this transgene on tolerance to herbivore pests was added as additional goal. The Major conclusions, solutions, and achievements are: (1) The facts that ectopic over-expression of vacuolarH+-PPases (in line OEX-AVP1) does not change the fatty acid profile compared to the parental MoneyMaker (MM) line and that elevated level of FA desaturation (by OEX-FAD3) does not change the activity of either H+-PPase, H+-ATPaseor Ca2+ /H+ antiport, indicate that the observed increased drought tolerance reported before for increase FA desaturation in tobacco plants and increased H+PPase in tomato plants involves different mechanisms. (2) After generating hybrid lines bringing to a common genetic background (i.e. F1 hybrids between line MP-1 and MM) each of the two transgenes separately and the two transgenes together the effect of various drought stress regimes including recovery from a short and longer duration of complete water withhold as well as performance under chronic stresses imposed by reducing water supply to 75-25% of the control irrigation regime could be studied. Under all the tested conditions in Israel, for well established plants grown in 3L pots or larger, none of the transgenic lines exhibited a reproducible significantly better drought tolerance compare to the parental lines. Still, examining the performance of these hybrids under the growth practices followed in the USA is called for. (3) Young seedlings of none of the identified introgression lines including the S. pennellii homologs of two of the H+-PPase genes and one of the FAD7 genes performed better than line M82 upon irrigation withhold. However, differences in the general canopy structures between the IL lines and M82 might mask such differences if existing. (4). Over-expression of FAD3 in the background of line MP-1 was found to confer significant tolerance to three important pest insects in tomato: Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera), Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Implications: Although the original hypothesis that pyramiding these two trasgenes could improve drought tolerance was not supported, the unexpected positive impact on herbivore deterring, as well as the changes in dynamics of JA biosynthesis in response to wounding and the profound changes in expression of wound response genes calls for deciphering the exact linolenic acid derived signaling molecule mediating this response. This will further facilitate breeding for herbivore pest and mechanical stress tolerance based on this pathway.
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world.  MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world.  PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies.  COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems.  REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Olszewski, Neil, and David Weiss. Role of Serine/Threonine O-GlcNAc Modifications in Signaling Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696544.bard.

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Significant evidence suggests that serine/threonine-O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine0-(GlcNAc) modifications play a central role in the regulation of plant signaling networks. Forexample, mutations in SPINDLY,) SPY (an O-GlcNAc transferase,) OGT (promote gibberellin GA) (signal transduction and inhibit cytokinin responses. In addition, mutating both Arabidopsis OGTsSEC (and SPY) causes embryo lethality. The long-term goal of this research is to elucidate the mechanism by which Arabidopsis OGTs regulate signaling networks. This project investigated the mechanisms of O-GlcNAc regulation of cytokinin and gibberellin signaling, identified additional processes regulated by this modification and investigated the regulation of SEC activity. Although SPY is a nucleocytoplasmic protein, its site of action and targets were unknown. Severalstudies suggested that SPY acted in the nucleus where it modified nuclear components such as the DELLA proteins. Using chimeric GFP-SPY fused to a nuclear-export signal or to a nuclear-import signal, we showed that cytosolic, but not nuclear SPY, regulated cytokinin and GA signaling. We also obtained evidence suggesting that GA and SPY affect cytokinin signaling via a DELLA-independent pathway. Although SEC and SPY were believed to have overlapping functions, the role of SEC in cytokinin and GA signaling was unclear. The role of SEC in cytokinin and GA responses was investigated by partially suppressing SPY expression in secplants using a synthetic Spymicro RNA miR(SPY). The possible contribution of SEC to the regulation of GA and cytokinin signaling wastest by determining the resistance of the miR spy secplants to the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol and to cytokinin. We found that the transgenic plants were resistant to paclobutrazol and to cytokinin, butonlyata level similar to spy. Moreover, expressing SEC under the 35S promoter in spy mutant did not complement the spy mutation. Therefore, we believe that SEC does not act with SPY to regulate GA or cytokinin responses. The cellular targets of Spy are largely unknown. We identified the transcription factor TCP15 in a two-hybrid screen for SPY-interacting proteins and showed that both TCP15 and its closely homolog TCP14 were O-GlcNAc modified by bacterially-produced SEC. The significance of the interaction between SPY and these TCPs was examined by over-expressing the minwild-type and spy-4plants. Overexpression of TCP14 or TCP15 in wild-type background produced phenotypes typical of plants with increased cytokinin and reduced GA signaling. TCP14 overexpression phenotypes were strongly suppressed in the spy background, suggesting that TCP14 and TCP15 affect cytokinin and GA signaling and that SPY activates them. In agreement with this hypothesis, we created a tcp14tcp15 double mutant and found that it has defects similar to spyplants. In animals, O-GlcNAc modification is proposed to regulate the activity of the nuclear pore. Therefore, after discovering that SEC modified a nucleoporinNUP) (that also interacts with SPY, we performed genetic experiments exploring the relationship between NUPs and SPY nupspy double mutants exhibited phenotypes consistent with SPY and NUPs functioning in common processes and nupseeds were resistant to GA biosynthesis inhibitors. All eukaryotic OGTs have a TPR domain. Deletion studies with bacterially-expressed SEC demonstrated SEC'sTPR domain inhibits SEC enzymatic activity. Since the TPR domain interacts with other proteins, we propose that regulatory proteins regulate OGT activity by binding and modulating the inhibitory activity of the TPR domain.
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Lieth, J. Heiner, Michael Raviv, and David W. Burger. Effects of root zone temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content on actual vs. potential growth of greenhouse crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586547.bard.

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Soilless crop production in protected cultivation requires optimization of many environmental and plant variables. Variables of the root zone (rhizosphere) have always been difficult to characterize but have been studied extensively. In soilless production the opportunity exists to optimize these variables in relation to crop production. The project objectives were to model the relationship between biomass production and the rhizosphere variables: temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and water availability by characterizing potential growth and how this translates to actual growth. As part of this we sought to improve of our understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes by generating data on the effect of rhizosphere water status, temperature and dissolved oxygen on root growth, modeling potential and actual growth and by developing and calibrating models for various physical and chemical properties in soilless production systems. In particular we sought to use calorimetry to identify potential growth of the plants in relation to these rhizosphere variables. While we did experimental work on various crops, our main model system for the mathematical modeling work was greenhouse cut-flower rose production in soil-less cultivation. In support of this, our objective was the development of a Rose crop model. Specific to this project we sought to create submodels for the rhizosphere processes, integrate these into the rose crop simulation model which we had begun developing prior to the start of this project. We also sought to verify and validate any such models and where feasible create tools that growers could be used for production management. We made significant progress with regard to the use of microcalorimetry. At both locations (Israel and US) we demonstrated that specific growth rate for root and flower stem biomass production were sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Our work also identified that it is possible to identify optimal potential growth scenarios and that for greenhouse-grown rose the optimal root zone temperature for potential growth is around 17 C (substantially lower than is common in commercial greenhouses) while flower production growth potential was indifferent to a range as wide as 17-26C in the root zone. We had several set-backs that highlighted to us the fact that work needs to be done to identify when microcalorimetric research relates to instantaneous plant responses to the environment and when it relates to plant acclimation. One outcome of this research has been our determination that irrigation technology in soilless production systems needs to explicitly include optimization of oxygen in the root zone. Simply structuring the root zone to be “well aerated” is not the most optimal approach, but rather a minimum level. Our future work will focus on implementing direct control over dissolved oxygen in the root zone of soilless production systems.
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Rarasati, Niken, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Giving Schools and Teachers Autonomy in Teacher Professional Development Under a Medium-Capability Education System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/050.

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A mature teacher who continuously seeks improvement should be recognised as a professional who has autonomy in conducting their job and has the autonomy to engage in a professional community of practice (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010). In other words, teachers’ engagement in professional development activities should be driven by their own determination rather than extrinsic sources of motivation. In this context, teachers’ self-determination can be defined as a feeling of connectedness with their own aspirations or personal values, confidence in their ability to master new skills, and a sense of autonomy in planning their own professional development path (Stupnisky et al., 2018; Eyal and Roth, 2011; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Previous studies have shown the advantages of providing teachers with autonomy to determine personal and professional improvement. Bergmark (2020) found that giving teachers the opportunity to identify areas of improvement based on teaching experience expanded the ways they think and understand themselves as teachers and how they can improve their teaching. Teachers who plan their own improvement showed a higher level of curiosity in learning and trying out new things. Bergmark (2020) also shows that a continuous cycle of reflection and teaching improvement allows teachers to recognise that the perfect lesson does not exist. Hence, continuous reflection and improvement are needed to shape the lesson to meet various classroom contexts. Moreover, Cheon et al. (2018) found that increased teacher autonomy led to greater teaching efficacy and a greater tendency to adopt intrinsic (relative to extrinsic) instructional goals. In developed countries, teacher autonomy is present and has become part of teachers’ professional life and schools’ development plans. In Finland, for example, the government is responsible for providing resources and services that schools request, while school development and teachers’ professional learning are integrated into a day-to-day “experiment” performed collaboratively by teachers and principals (Niemi, 2015). This kind of experience gives teachers a sense of mastery and boosts their determination to continuously learn (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In low-performing countries, distributing autonomy of education quality improvement to schools and teachers negatively correlates with the countries’ education outcomes (Hanushek et al., 2011). This study also suggests that education outcome accountability and teacher capacity are necessary to ensure the provision of autonomy to improve education quality. However, to have teachers who can meet dynamic educational challenges through continuous learning, de Klerk & Barnett (2020) suggest that developing countries include programmes that could nurture teachers’ agency to learn in addition to the regular content and pedagogical-focused teacher training materials. Giving autonomy to teachers can be challenging in an environment where accountability or performance is measured by narrow considerations (teacher exam score, administrative completion, etc.). As is the case in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, teachers tend to attend training to meet performance evaluation administrative criteria rather than to address specific professional development needs (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). Generally, the focus of the training relies on what the government believes will benefit their teaching workforce. Teacher professional development (TPD) is merely an assignment for Jakarta teachers. Most teachers attend the training only to obtain attendance certificates that can be credited towards their additional performance allowance. Consequently, those teachers will only reproduce teaching practices that they have experienced or observed from their seniors. As in other similar professional development systems, improvement in teaching quality at schools is less likely to happen (Hargreaves, 2000). Most of the trainings were led by external experts or academics who did not interact with teachers on a day-to-day basis. This approach to professional development represents a top-down mechanism where teacher training was designed independently from teaching context and therefore appears to be overly abstract, unpractical, and not useful for teachers (Timperley, 2011). Moreover, the lack of relevancy between teacher training and teaching practice leads to teachers’ low ownership of the professional development process (Bergmark, 2020). More broadly, in the Jakarta education system, especially the public school system, autonomy was never given to schools and teachers prior to establishing the new TPD system in 2021. The system employed a top-down relationship between the local education agency, teacher training centres, principals, and teachers. Professional development plans were usually motivated by a low teacher competency score or budgeted teacher professional development programme. Guided by the scores, the training centres organised training that could address knowledge areas that most of Jakarta's teachers lack. In many cases, to fulfil the quota as planned in the budget, the local education agency and the training centres would instruct principals to assign two teachers to certain training without knowing their needs. Realizing that the system was not functioning, Jakarta’s local education agency decided to create a reform that gives more autonomy toward schools and teachers in determining teacher professional development plan. The new system has been piloted since November 2021. To maintain the balance between administrative evaluation and addressing professional development needs, the new initiative highlights the key role played by head teachers or principals. This is based on assumption that principals who have the opportunity to observe teaching practice closely could help teachers reflect and develop their professionalism. (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). As explained by the professional development case in Finland, leadership and collegial collaboration are also critical to shaping a school culture that could support the development of professional autonomy. The collective energies among teachers and the principal will also direct the teacher toward improving teaching, learning, and caring for students and parents (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010; Hargreaves, 2000). Thus, the new TPD system in Jakarta adopts the feature of collegial collaboration. This is considered as imperative in Jakarta where teachers used to be controlled and join a professional development activity due to external forces. Learning autonomy did not exist within themselves. Hence, teachers need a leader who can turn the "professional development regulation" into a culture at schools. The process will shape teachers to do professional development quite autonomously (Deci et al., 2001). In this case, a controlling leadership style will hinder teachers’ autonomous motivation. Instead, principals should articulate a clear vision, consider teachers' individual needs and aspirations, inspire, and support professional development activities (Eyal and Roth, 2011). This can also be called creating a professional culture at schools (Fullan, 1996). In this Note, we aim to understand how the schools and teachers respond to the new teacher professional development system. We compare experience and motivation of different characteristics of teachers.
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