Books on the topic 'Dose intensity'
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1
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub., 2001.
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Braude, Jacob. Does the capital intensity of structural change matter for growth? Jerusalem: Bank of Israel, research department, 2004.
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Chisholm, Deanna A. The effects of background noise on visual search task performance: Does type of sound or intensity level make a difference. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1994.
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Suminar, Bagus. Peranan komitmen organisasional dalam mempengaruhi partisipasi, ko-operasi, dan intensi keluar dosen wanita di Surabaya: Penelitian kajian wanita. [Surabaya]: STIE Perbanas Surabaya, 2004.
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Adomat, Renee. Does the length of time that a nurse works in an Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU), influence the type of touching communication she/he engages in with patients. Birmingham: University of Central England in Birmingham, 1993.
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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division, ed. Medicare: Methodology to identify and measure improper payments in the medicare program does not include all fraud. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 2000.
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Seidman, A. D. Dose Intensity (Breast Disease, 14). Ios Pr Inc, 2001.
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8
Rowbottom, Carl. Treatment delivery, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and image-guided radiotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696567.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 discusses how successful delivery of external beam radiotherapy involves a number of complex processes beginning with the decision by the clinical oncologist to use radiotherapy as part of the patient’s cancer management, through the preparation and planning of the patient’s treatment, to the verification of the patient position and radiation dose delivered at the time of treatment.
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Pivokonský, Martin, Kateřina Novotná, Lenka Čermáková, and Radim Petříček, eds. Jar Tests for Water Treatment Optimisation. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062694.
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Abstract The book is intended as a handbook providing detailed instructions for the correct conducting of jar tests, which are needed for the optimisation of the coagulation/flocculation process. It contains the essential theoretical background of coagulation/flocculation, including a description of the influence of different parameters on the coagulation efficiency of various impurities (e.g. pH value and type/dose of coagulant), and floc properties and their separation (e.g. mixing intensity, mixing time, but also type/concentration of coagulant and impurities). The principle of jar tests is explained and parameters possible to optimize (i.e. coagulation pH, coagulant dose, flocculation aid dose, mixing intensity and mixing time) are discussed. Laboratory equipment for jar tests is proposed, including mixers and instructions for calculating a mixing intensity (necessarily expressed by the global shear rate/velocity gradient G). Mixing intensities for various purposes are recommended. Detailed practical instructions of how to perform jar tests follow, including a determination of the dose of reagents for pH adjustment and coagulant dose, dosing sequence, floc separation after jar tests by sedimentation and/or centrifugation simulating sand filtration, sampling, measuring necessary parameters (pH, coagulant residuals, alkalinity, residual impurity concentrations etc.), data recording, data processing and jar test evaluation (with specific examples). The handbook also contains a supplementary part with tables for conversion of the molar to mass concentration (and vice versa) of coagulants, and instructions for diluting coagulants and reagents for pH adjustment. ISBN: 9781789062687 (paperback) ISBN: 9781789062694 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789062700 (ePUB)
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Pfiffner, Linda J., and Lauren M. Haack. Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Combination with Medication. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0003.
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Of the nonpharmacological treatments for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral interventions have the largest evidence base. Current behavioral interventions include behavioral parent training, behavioral classroom management, child skills training, behavioral multicomponent interventions, and multimodal treatment, which combines behavioral interventions and medication. This updated review of studies reveals significant behavioral treatment effects from randomized controlled trials on a wide range of child outcomes including ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms as well as areas of functional impairment such as homework, organizational, and social behaviors. Combined behavioral and medication treatments appear to reduce the needed dose or intensity of each intervention.
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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, and Gareth Morris-Stiff. Principles of chemotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0005.
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Principles of radiation oncology outlines the physical and biological effects of ionising radiation, and its use in clinical oncology. Radiobiology, examining the response of tissue to ionising radiation, is described with regards to normal and malignant tissues. The effect of fractionation, the delivery of radiotherapy in a series of repeated exposures, is examined. The damaging effects on normal tissues are considered, particularly nonreversible late effects including carcinogenesis. Therapeutic exposure to ionising radiation is contrasted between radical and palliative radiotherapy. The physical properties of ionising radiation beams are described for superficial x-rays, megavoltage x-rays, and electrons. The process of treatment planning is summarised through beam dosimetry, target and critical organ outlining, dose planning, treatment verification, prescription and delivery. Computerised tomography is used for outlining and for verification, using cone beam CT. 0ther methods for image guided radiotherapy include fiducial markers. Increasingly intensity modulated radiotherapy is proving beneficial in reducing normal tissue damage during radical treatment. Stereotactic radiotherapy is used in the radical treatment of small unresectable malignancies. The clinical use of electron therapy, brachytherapy and intraoperative radiotherapy is described. Nuclear medicine uses unsealed radionuclides in imaging primary malignancies and their metastases, and in targeted radiotherapy. Examples include PET scanning, bone scanning, and radio iodine therapy. Whole body irradiation is used to improve outcomes after high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell or bone marrow transplantation.
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Peet, Deborah J., Patrick Horton, Colin J. Martin, and David G. Sutton. Radiotherapy: external beam radiotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0019.
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Design principles for radiotherapy facilities using X-ray, γ-ray, and electron beams are described, especially the requirements for primary and secondary shielding and maze and door entrances. These features are illustrated with reference to the shielded rooms (bunkers) required for linear accelerators, and example calculations are included for shielding and maze design to achieve required dose constraints. The impact of new clinical practices with intensity modulated radiation fields and flattening filter-free operation is also considered. Engineering controls and features for safe operation are described, and good practice in bunker construction and the provision of services to avoid weaknesses in the shielding is outlined. The principle shielding requirements for TomoTherapyTM, CyberKnifeTM, Gamma KnifeTM units, and kilovoltage X-ray units are also described. Finally, personnel monitoring, commissioning surveys, and environmental monitoring in radiation protection management in radiotherapy are discussed. Data for calculating shielding thickness and X-ray scatter for maze design are provided.
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Lima, Matheus Eugênio de Sousa. Medicina intensiva para graduação. Editora Amplla, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51859/amplla.mig924.1121-0.
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Dentro das artes médicas, cabe à Medicina Intensiva cuidar dos pacientes considerados críticos, ou seja, bastante graves e que, via de regra, necessitam estar em um ambiente controlado como o da UTI. Durante a graduação pouco se tem experiência, tanto prática, quanto teoria, tornando o assunto por vezes nebuloso aos olhos dos mais inexperientes. Em meio à uma pandemia global e à oferta dos mais diversos empregos, nós, médicos, nos deparamos com a necessidade de nos atualizarmos – ou até mesmo aprendermos! – em relação aos conceitos da Medicina Intensiva. Este livro, portanto, tem como objetivo expor e tentar iluminar esse assunto tão complexo (mas também tão imprescindível) em nossa carreira. Perpassamos, então, diversas áreas: agitação psicomotora poderia ser resolvida por um psiquiatra experiente em emergência, enquanto que tromboses fazem parte do dia a dia dos cirurgiões vasculares e emergencistas, e a síndrome coronariana aguda é bem manejada pelo cardiologista. Porém o médico intensivista deve ter em mente que esta ciência irá exigir uma verdadeira metamorfose entre as especialidades. E que sejam bem-vindo aquele que deseja se aventurar por aqui!
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Rivard, Mark J., Luc Beaulieu, and Bruce Thomadsen. Clinical Brachytherapy Physics. Medical Physics Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54947/9781936366576.
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Brachytherapy has been a popular topic for AAPM summer schools, with this marking the third time the subject has been covered (past schools on the topic were held in 1994 and 2005). This book was developed for the AAPM 2017 Summer School in Portland, Oregon, held in conjunction with the American Brachytherapy Association. From Joann Prisciandaro in Medical Physics…"Overall, this text is well written and provides a nice summary of current and developing clinical brachytherapy practice patterns. …from my perspective as a practicing brachytherapy physicist and educator, this text will make an extremely useful reference and will certainly be added to my list of required reading for residents and graduate students." This book is more than a comprehensive overview of the brachytherapy tools and techniques used in a modern clinic. The book also looks at numerous exciting approaches currently under development. Topics include HDR and LDR brachytherapy for the prostate, general planning and model-based dose calculation algorithms, intensity-modulated brachytherapy, electronic brachytherapy sources and techniques, and brachytherapy advances for treating skin, gynecological, and breast cancer. Some of the promising new techniques covered include focal therapy, the use of 3D printing to augment treatment, advances in needle tracking, in vivo dosimetry, and the use of robotics in brachytherapy.
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Winner, Ellen. Does Making Art Improve Well-Being? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863357.003.0014.
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This chapter considers the claim that making art is therapeutic. Evidence that the arts are therapeutic comes from studies showing that art making in young children living in poverty relieves physiological indices of stress. And when we draw, mood improves. Why? Both Aristotle and Freud believed that the arts are cathartic. For Aristotle, watching a tragedy arouses pity and fear, which at the end “flood” out of us, leaving us calm. For Freud, making art involved sublimating forbidden urges in a socially acceptable way, resulting in tension release. But research shows another mechanism at work: making art pulls us away from negative affect, distracting us from our problems. Whether more intensive involvement in the arts can relieve stress, not via distraction but through the process of venting and working through difficulties, remains a distinct possibility.
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Choon, Francis Chin Kuok, and Phua Dong Haur. Management of radiation poisoning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0331.
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In radiation poisoning, a distinction between exposure and contamination should be made. Decontamination by removing clothes, washing of skin, and removal of debris can remove up to 90% of external contaminated radiation. Treatment of acute life-threatening injuries takes priority over treatment of radiation poisoning. Triage of severely exposed patients can give an indication of dose and severity of the radiation dose absorbed. Survival is related to dose absorbed. Identification of the radiation source should be made by the radiation characteristics to determine the shielding necessary for protection of hospital staff and the antidote required. Early gastric lavage and specific antidotes for ingested radiation poisoning should be used with caution. Death is mainly due to infection and haemorrhage. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is a manifestation of haematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, central nervous system, and cutaneous syndromes. Those receiving whole body doses of 1–5 Gy may recover easily with appropriate medical management; those with doses of 6–10 Gy may survive with intensive management; and those with doses of >10 Gy seldom survive. Treatment of ARS is supportive with the use of antibiotics, colony-stimulating factors, blood products, and stem cell transplants. Protection of the staff is by reducing time exposed, increasing distance from source and proper shielding. Psychological counselling should be available to patient or staff if required.
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Wise, Matt, and Paul Frost. Role of the intensive care unit. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0148.
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The intensive care unit (ICU) can be defined as an area reserved for patients with potential or established organ failure and has the facilities for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of multi-organ failure. Usually, the ICU is located in close proximity to A & E, the radiology department, and the operating theatres, as it is between these areas that patient flows are greatest. In large urban hospitals, there may be more than one ICU, some of which serve specific patient populations, such as paediatrics, neurosurgery, cardiothoracic surgery, liver failure, and burns. Many hospitals also have high-dependency units (HDUs) that offer higher nurse-to-patient ratios and more advanced monitoring than a general wards does, as well as limited organ support. In the UK, the distinctions between ICU, HDU, and general ward have been abandoned in favour of a classification based on the patient’s needs rather than their location.
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Fleischman, Alan R. Ethical Issues in Neonatal Intensive Care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199354474.003.0004.
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This chapter begins with a brief history of how healthcare decisions have been made for critically ill newborns since the 1960s. Through case examples, it describes the ethical concerns and examines analytic approaches that help clinicians and parents make hard choices for their critically ill and dying newborns. The principle of “best interests” is examined and its utility and limitations described. The use of infant bioethics committees and consultants is described with examples of how they work. The chapter also covers the important role of government neonatal decision making including the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act Amendments of 1984, and the Baby Doe Rules.
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McGrane, Tracy. Alcohol Withdrawal. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0093.
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This chapter, “Alcohol Withdrawal,” reviews the prevalence, presentation, pathophysiology, and anesthetic considerations for patients encountered at risk of alcohol withdrawal, as well as current intensive care unit practices caring for patients at risk of alcohol withdrawal to allow for improved perioperative crisis management. It reviews physiologic derangements in both acute and chronic alcoholism, and reviews the current evidence for prevention and treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the intensive care unit, including fixed-dose versus loading-dose versus symptom-based treatment using benzodiazepines, and the use of alcohol, barbiturates, propofol, beta blockers, and alpha-2 agonists as treatment choices. Also discussed are complications of alcohol withdrawal syndrome to recognize and considerations for treatment of pregnant women and elderly patients in alcohol withdrawal.
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Benigno Pena Batista, Paulo. GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HUMANOS MÉDICOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-612-2.
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Este trabalho, escrito em 2015, é fruto de um curso de gestão e de anos de reflexão sobre como conduzir pessoas dos mais diversos antecedentes pessoais num trabalho, como o de uma unidade de medicina intensiva, nobre e necessário, mas sempre desafiador de nossos limites cognitivos e intelectuais, éticos e morais bem como de nossa resistência física e nossa resiliência psicológica em jornadas laborais longas, extenuantes e imprevisíveis. Seleção e gestão de pessoas é ainda mais desafiador dada a escassez de profissionais e às deficiências de treinamento para o trabalho em ambiente moderno, eticamente e tecnicamente muito exigente, que é a realidade em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de alto impacto que pretende um impecável padrão de qualidade e de excelentes resultados clínicos. O autor tem uma carreira voltada para a assistência médica e o ensino e se encontrou num ambiente privilegiado, e que assim se manteve por muitos anos, que se movia pelo pensamento do seu fundador “O Hospital que somente cura, é do passado! O presente e o futuro requerem um Hospital inteligente, lugar de cultura, de ciências para a vida, de tutela e desenvolvimento da saúde perfeita.” (D. Luigi Verzé – 14/03/1920 a 31/12/2011 – Fundador da Obra Monte Tabor)”. Este hospital contou, mesmo antes da sua efetiva fundação, com forte comprometimento com assistência médica e pesquisa de ponta, equidade na atenção ao enfermo sem renda que lhe permitisse acesso a tratamentos e cuidados idênticos aos ofertados aos clientes dos “planos de saúde”. Mas um outro aspecto relevante e diferencial desta Obra foi o comprometimento em educar as novas gerações e novos talentos dentro dos melhores padrões de assistência médica, metodologia da pesquisa e gestão empresarial. Neste hospital foi construída uma carreira que passou pela participação na criação de um Serviço de Nefrologia, Hemodiálise e Transplante Renal (de 1989 a 2011), pela atuação como Coordenador de Ensino (2007-2019) e como Coordenador de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (2008-2020) tendo participado fortemente da implantação de um conceito de unificação da atividade de várias unidades de terapias intensivas. Esta foi uma experiência que trouxe no seu bojo ganhos qualitativos, de gestão de segurança e qualidade, de recursos humanos e materiais e de sustentabilidade bastante duradouros.
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Silva, Mariana Pereira Barbosa, and Bruno Abilio da Silva Machado. ANAIS DO I CONGRESSO NACIONAL MULTIPROFISSIONAL EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA (ICONMUTI). Literacia Cientifica Editora & Cursos, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53524/lit.edt.978-65-84528-03-1.
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O I Congresso Nacional Multiprofissional em Terapia Intensiva (ICONMUTI) promovido pelo Instituto Inova (CNPJ: 34.055.613/0001-48) ocorreu entre os dias 17 e 18 de dezembro de 2021, de forma online com transmissão através do canal do YouTube. Tratou-se de um evento multiprofissional de caráter técnico-científico que objetivou promover o conhecimento dos discentes, docentes e os profissionais da saúde a respeito de temáticas multiprofissionais voltadas para a área da terapia intensiva, possibilitando a troca de experiências e o aprendizado científico, contou com a participação de profissionais renomados e palestras relevantes no contexto da terapia intensiva.
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Choi, Michael, and Miguel Burch. Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients with Diabetes. Edited by Danny Sherwinter and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0039.
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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in bariatric surgery. In obese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, does bariatric surgery plus intensive medical therapy achieve improved glycemic control in significantly more patients than medical therapy alone? Starting with that question, this chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, criticisms, and limitations. The chapter also briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications and concludes with a relevant clinical case about bariatric surgery for a morbidly obese female patient with a BMI of 37 and type 2 diabetes.
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Bienvenu, O. Joseph. Depressive Mood States Following Critical Illness. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0020.
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Patients with critical illnesses treated in intensive care units face severe physical and psychic stresses, and survivors often have financial and other burdens. The prevalence of depressive mood states in survivors varies by measure and follow-up time, but the median prevalence across >30 studies was 28% (mostly measured within a year of critical illness). Severe depressive states (e.g. major depressive episodes) are less common than minor depressive states. Risk factors include female sex, lesser educational attainment, unemployment, and medical and psychiatric comorbidity. Potential critical illness/intensive care-related risk factors include severity of organ failure, high-dose benzodiazepine administration, longer ICU stays, stressful ICU experiences, and early post-intensive care distress. Depressive symptoms in survivors are associated with impaired physical function, other psychiatric morbidity, cognitive and work difficulties, and lower health-related quality of life. Research is needed to evaluate the preventive or therapeutic role of psychological interventions during intensive care and psychological recovery programmes.
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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 63-Year-Old Male with Severe Flaccid Weakness Post Motor Vehicle Accident. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0009.
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Neuromuscular disorders are important causes of newly acquired weakness in the intensive care unit. Although evaluation usually begins with physical examination findings, these can be compromised in the intensive care unit environment. Therefore, electrodiagnostic study becomes even more important as a tool in localizing weakness to nerve, muscle or neuromuscular junction. Critical illness neuropathy and myopathy occurs in the setting of sepsis and multiple organ failure where sepsis is accompanied by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Additional, intensive care unit-specific risk factors exist, predominantly relating to administration of high-dose steroids, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, and sedating agents such as propofol. There is no specific treatment except for optimizing medical management of the underlying disorder, including prevention and management of sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and organ damage, as well as avoidance of exacerbating medications.
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Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant, and Edward H. Snell. SANS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0011.
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Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a specialized application of solution scattering limited by source availability and intensity. While not routinely used for structural studies of biological samples in general, it does have unique characteristics that make it attractive to determining the individual positions of components of complexes. This is due to the scattering properties of hydrogen and deuterium allowing the technique of contrast matching. SANS is highly complementary to SAXS and provides unique information not available by other techniques. This chapter discussed SANS, instrumentation, and application.
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Molodynski, Andrew, Jorun Rugkåsa, and Tom Burns, eds. Coercion in Community Mental Health Care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788065.001.0001.
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The use of coercion is one of the defining issues of mental health care and has been intensely controversial since the very earliest attempts to contain and treat the mentally ill. The balance between respecting autonomy and ensuring that those who most need treatment and support are provided with it has never been finer, with the ‘move into the community’ in many high-income countries over the last 50 years and the development of community services. The vast majority of patients worldwide now receive mental health care outside hospital, and this trend is increasing. New models of community care, such as assertive community treatment (ACT), have evolved as a result and there are widespread provisions for compulsory treatment in the community in the form of community treatment orders. These legal mechanisms now exist in over 75 jurisdictions worldwide. Many people using community services feel coerced, but at the same time intensive forms of treatment such as ACT, which arguably add pressure to patients to engage in treatment, have been associated with improved outcome. This volume draws together current knowledge about coercive practices worldwide, both those founded in law and those ‘informal’ processes whose coerciveness remains contested. It does so from a variety of perspectives, drawing on diverse disciplines such as history, law, sociology, anthropology, and medicine and for is explored
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Bertola, Giuseppe, and Paolo Sestito. Human Capital. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0009.
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The chapter reviews the evolution of educational institutions and outcomes over the 150 years since Italy's unification and discusses their interaction with national and regional growth patterns. Initial educational conditions across regions contributed to differentiate the early industrial take off in the late nineteenth century. Conversely, formal education does not appear to have played a major role in the post-war economic boom. The slowdown of Italy's economy since the 1990s may in part reflect interactions between the country's traditionally low human capital intensity and its new comparative advantage patterns. It may also be due in part to the deterioration of Italy's educational system's organization since the 1970s.
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Write, Adam. Does My Pancreas Hate Me? Blood Glucose & Insulin Log Book: 1 Year Blood Glucose & Insulin Log Including Contact Information - Appointments - HbA1c Results - Medication - Intensive Testing. Independently Published, 2019.
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Thapar, Anita, and Stephanie van Goozen. Conduct disorder in ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0020.
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Conduct disorder (CD) is an important marker of ADHD clinical and cognitive impairment and neurodevelopmental multimorbidity. It is also predictive of poor psychiatric and functional outcomes. Although traditionally considered as a consequence of ADHD, association of ADHD and CD can be explained at multiple levels—in terms of enriched familial/genetic risks, higher levels of psychosocial adversity, a likely different pattern of cognitive and neural correlates that involve emotional processes components, earlier temperamental risk characteristics, and additional neurodevelopmental burden such as language impairments and lower cognitive ability. The presence of CD does not alter current ADHD guideline recommendations on treatment but should be taken into account when making decisions upon the intensity and nature of follow-up.
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Meis, Morgan, and J. M. Tyree. Wonder, Horror, Mystery: Letters on Cinema and Religion in Malick, Von Trier, and Kieślowski. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0359.1.00.
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Wonder, Horror, Mystery is a dialogue between two friends, both notable arts critics, that takes the form of a series of letters about movies and religion. One of the friends, J.M. Tyree, is a film critic, creative writer, and agnostic, while the other, Morgan Meis, is a philosophy PhD, art critic, and practicing Catholic. The question of cinema is raised here in a spirit of friendly friction that binds the personal with the critical and the spiritual. What is film? What’s it for? What does it do? Why do we so intensely love or hate films that dare to broach the subjects of the divine and the diabolical? These questions stimulate further thoughts about life, meaning, philosophy, absurdity, friendship, tragedy, humor, death, and God. The letters focus on three filmmakers who challenged secular assumptions in the late 20th century and early 21st century through various modes of cinematic re-enchantment: Terrence Malick, Lars von Trier, and Krzysztof Kieślowski. The book works backwards in time, giving intensive analysis to Malick’s To The Wonder (2012), Von Trier’s Antichrist (2009), and Kieślowski’s Dekalog (1988), respectively, in each of the book’s three sections. Meis and Tyree discuss the filmmakers and films as well as related ideas about philosophy, theology, and film theory in an accessible but illuminating way. The discussion ranges from the shamelessly intellectual to the embarrassingly personal. Spoiler alert: No conclusions are reached either about God or the movies. Nonetheless, it is a fun ride.
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Marques, Marcia Alessandra Arantes, ed. Pesquisa e Aplicação em Enfermagem. Bookerfield Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf21091700.
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A pesquisa em enfermagem se fundamenta na produção de conhecimento científico que favoreça o aperfeiçoamento do tratamento oferecido aos pacientes. Neste contexto é indispensável reunir conhecimentos básicos e específicos para o completo entendimento da ciência aplicada à enfermagem. O livro “pesquisa e aplicação em enfermagem” apresenta como proposta a exposição de pesquisa aplicadas que se inter-relacionam, consolidando o conhecimento necessário ao exercício da profissão. O livro está estruturado em sete excelentes capítulos cujos títulos estão descritos a seguir: “Qualidade de vida no trabalho de enfermeiros e o reflexo no processo de trabalho”, “Perfil epidemiológico de idosos institucionalizados”, “Caracterização do perfil e capacidade funcional de idoso com artrite reumatoide no município de João Pessoa PB”, “Compreensão e vivência das pessoas idosas acerca da sexualidade e motivos de vulnerabilidade para o HIV transmissível”, “Cuidados de enfermagem e o paliativismo em unidades de terapia intensiva: uma revisão integrativa”, “Acupuntura e espiritualidade no cuidado da enfermagem oncológica”, “Alta do prematuro da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: preocupação dos pais: parte I”, “Alta do prematuro da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: preocupação dos pais: parte II”. Nosso objetivo é que os artigos científicos publicados neste volume possam auxiliar os profissionais na sua prática profissional, incentivando-os na busca por novos conhecimentos e convidando-os a dar continuidade a este volume, publicando os resultados de suas pesquisas em próximas oportunidades oferecidas pela Bookerfield.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Osmotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0005.
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Osmotic drugs are ubiquitously used in neurocritically ill patients. Mannitol and hypertonic saline are readily available in emergency departments and intensive care units to reduce intracranial pressure. Mannitol depletes and hypertonic saline expands the volume status. Hyperosmolar fluids increase the intravascular osmolality, draw water from the brain, reduce or temporize shift, and reduce globally increased intracranial pressure from any cause. These osmotic fluids change fluid compartments and cannot be used indiscriminately. Particularly when they are administered regularly, close monitoring is needed and target goals should be set. This chapter discusses triggers for the use of these osmotic agents, how to judge their effect, and how to dose adequately.
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Venkatesh, Bala, and Jeremy Cohen. Pathophysiology and management of adrenal disorders in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0261.
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The existence of the syndromes of relative adrenal insufficiency, or critical illness corticosteroid insufficiency, are debatable. In sepsis, there are alterations in plasma cortisol profiles, and corticotropin responsiveness with marked variability in responses between patients. It is probable that the spectrum of plasma and tissue glucocorticoid changes may represent a ‘sick euadrenal state’ analogous to the sick euthyroid state and may not reflect adrenocortical insufficiency. Treatment of acute adrenal crisis should not be delayed for the results of adrenal testing, and should consist of immediate supportive measures, fluid resuscitation, and high-dose intravenous glucocorticoid therapy. Admission to intensive care with a primary diagnosis of hyperadrenalism is uncommon. Patients usually present uncontrolled hypertension, electrolyte abnormalities or encephalopathy.
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Pengaruh faktor manajerial, lingkungan, dan organisasi terhadap intensitas perencanaan strategis dan kinerja finansial bank: Studi empiris pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat se-Karisidenan Besuki : laporan penelitian dosen muda. [Jember]: Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, 2007.
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Nadel, Simon, and Johnny Canlas. Management of meningitis and encephalitis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0241.
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Management of CNS infections requires specific antimicrobial agents, as well as specific supportive treatment targeted at reducing raised intracranial pressure and other life-threatening complications. It is important that the need for management in an intensive care setting is considered early in the illness. Antibiotic resistance amongst the most common organisms causing bacterial meningitis is becoming more common and antibiotic therapy should be adjusted accordingly. Anti-inflammatory treatment such as steroids should be started as soon as possible in patients with proven acute bacterial meningitis. Optimally, this should be before or with the first dose of antibiotics. Vaccine research is progressing so that effective vaccines should be available in the future against all the common causes of bacterial meningitis and encephalitis, including Neisseria meningitidis serogroup b.
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Saito, Yuriko. Challenges and Responses to Everyday Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672103.003.0002.
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Everyday aesthetics is often criticized for lacking aesthetic credentials. Its legitimacy as a discourse is questioned because proximal senses, experiences gained while engaging in an activity, and qualities other than beauty and sublimity are included in its purview. Inclusion of these items is considered to deny a clear ‘object’ of aesthetic appreciation, the possibility of objective judgments, and profundity of aesthetic experience. Excluding them, however, does not do justice to the rich and multifaceted contents of everyday aesthetic life. Phenomenological description, instead of the judgment-oriented and objectivity-seeking discourse, is more appropriate for exploring some dimensions of everyday aesthetic life. In addition, while possibly lacking the same degree of profundity and intensity of beauty and sublimity, the popular appeal of easily recognizable aesthetic qualities deserves to be investigated because of their prevalence and frequent manipulation for commercial and political purposes.
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Balcells, Laia, José Fernández-Albertos, and Alexander Kuo. Secession and social polarization: Evidence from Catalonia. 2nd ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/936-5.
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Does secessionism lead to social polarization? Despite much research on independence movements, their relationship to polarization, a key mechanism theorized as increasing the chances of violent conflict, remains less understood. We argue that secessionist conflicts can polarize along both policy and ethnic group lines even when they take the form of non-violent disputes. However, polarization does not necessarily lead to violence. We explore the case of Catalonia, a region that experienced a deep secessionist crisis in the last months of 2017, using novel data from a panel survey fielded across two key time periods and embedded experiments. We find a society with great levels of affective polarization in that pro- and anti-independence advocates have strong negative views of one another. In addition, there is spillover in terms of the assessment of associated language groups. However, there is a group of moderates in between the two policy poles that limit the extent of this polarization. Contrary to common wisdom, these moderates have very stable preferences. Our results contribute to the understanding of the underexplored polarization dynamics of secessionist movements, particularly in places where high-intensity violence (i.e. terrorism, civil war) has not yet occurred.
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Claure-Del Granado, Rolando, and Ravindra L. Mehta. Haemodialysis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0215.
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Haemodialysis was the first method available to treat patients with kidney failure and remains an important treatment for critically-ill patients with acute kidney injury. Recent studies have shown that intermittent haemodialysis, sustained low-efficiency dialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapies provide similar outcomes for intensive care unit patients. Haemodialysis techniques offer several advantages—informed decisions regarding choice of mode require consideration of the operational characteristics of each method with its advantages and limitations. The choice of modality should be driven by patient characteristics and clinical scenario, ensuring that an adequate delivered dose of dialysis is achieved and there is good haemodynamic tolerance to minimize further insults to the kidney and other organs. This chapter reviews the current concepts and controversies in haemodialysis methods for renal support in the ICU.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0010.
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Immune modulation in the neurosciences intensive care unit mostly involves high-dose corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and immunoglobulin. Corticosteroids are frequently used in patients with neurologic complications of cancer. Neurosurgeons typically use corticosteroids after performing a craniectomy to reduce cerebral edema. Corticosteroids are the established initial treatment modality of choice for patients with acute metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. Therapeutic apheresis or immunoglobulin is generally used as supportive therapy in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia crisis, and autoimmune encephalitis. Immune modulation has been considered essential in autoimmune encephalitis despite lack of controlled clinical trials. In these now better characterized disorders, a combination of corticosteroids, intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), plasma exchange, rituximab, or cyclophosphamide are used. The use of acute immunotherapy and precautionary measures are discussed in this chapter.
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McDougal, Topher L. Multipolar Trade and Rural–Urban Violence in Maoist India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792598.003.0006.
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Does the shape or strength of the trade networks that link rural and urban areas affect the employment of violence? This chapter attempts to answer this question employing a statistical model based on GIS-derived variables, and using the case of the Maoist insurgency in rural India. It argues that (1) strong rural–urban linkages do in fact lower the intensity of violence employed by the rural Maoist insurgency against civilian people (but not against government targets or property); and (2) highly interconnected areas experience lower levels of violence against people (but not against government targets). The conclusion suggests that network structure affects bargaining power differentials between the Maoists and traders serving the area. Towns redundantly to urban areas simultaneously decrease traders’ monopoly power, while increasing the cost of Maoist capture. These two factors promote a trading relationship between Maoists and redundantly connected towns.
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Spiegel, Maura, and Danielle Spencer. This Is What We Do, and These Things Happen: Literature, Experience, Emotion, and Relationality in the Classroom. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360192.003.0003.
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The role of emotion in clinical education and practice is discussed, drawing upon thinkers such as Derald Wing Sue, John Dewey, Joanna Shapiro, and others. Focusing on Alice Munro’s short story “The Floating Bridge,” different themes of classroom discussion are described, as well as an in-class writing exercise including examples of participant responses. Several questions and themes are explored: How does exploration of judgment in readers’ response to a literary text offer insight into the role of judgment in a clinical context? What is the effect of hearing the various emotional responses of other readers in enhancing an appreciation of diverse perspectives? How might we understand this classroom/workshop in light of John Dewey’s description of an aesthetic “experience” of particular clarity and intensity? And finally, what are the consequences of such pedagogical approaches integrating attentiveness to emotion for healthcare training and practice?
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Attanasio, John. Distributive Autonomy, The Constitution, and Campaign Finance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0009.
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In Kovacs v. Cooper, the Supreme Court permitted government to regulate the volume of sound trucks. One opinion stated that free speech does not include freedom “to drown out the natural speech of others.” Campaign speech of by interests drowns out all other campaign speech. This problem heavily distorts both the speaker’s right to speak and the listener’s right to know. The distortions disadvantage poorly financed candidates and mislead voters. What people think are the most important issues will be distorted; so will intensity of feelings on those issues. Such distortions will systematically skew electoral behavior based on false information. These distortions impair distributive autonomy of both listeners and speakers. In 2016, both presidential candidates overwhelmingly catered to wealthy donors. In this milieu, wealthy donors comprise the political “in” group; that is, the group who dominates government. Everyone else (the vast majority of voters) is a political “out.”
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Pollard, Brian J. Muscle relaxants in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0047.
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The place of neuromuscular blocking agents in the intensive care unit (ICU) has changed markedly over the last 20 years. Originally regarded as a mainstay of the process of ‘sedation’, they are now only used for specific indications. The principal disadvantage is probably the difficulty in neurological assessment when a muscle relaxant is used coupled with the increased risk of awareness, because inadequate sedation will be masked. Of the available agents, the intermediate acting ones are the most popular. The degree of relaxation can be readily controlled and they have few side effects. In the presence of renal and/or hepatic disease atracurium or cisatracurium are preferred. Succinylcholine is only used for securing the airway due to its very rapid onset of action. Rocuronium given in a higher dose also possesses a rapid onset in situations when succinylcholine might be contraindicated. When using a muscle relaxant, its effect should always be monitored with a simple train of four pattern of stimulation from a hand-held nerve stimulator. This will ensure that an adequate and not excessive block is secured. If a more rapid reversal is required then a dose of neostigmine with glycopyrrolate may be used. Alternatively, if rocuronium is the relaxant in use then the new agent sugammadex is effective.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Drugs Used in Neurorehabilitation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0020.
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Neurologic rehabilitation arguably starts in the neurosciences intensive care unit. Specialized care is often needed in acute spinal cord injury, particularly if long-term care appears imminent. Much of neurorehabilitation is done without pharmaceuticals, but good options are available in patients with persistent disorders of consciousness, spasticity, and early depression after stroke. Disorders of consciousness are major concerns in neurorehabilitation centers because they obviate traditional rehabilitation programs. Improvement can be achieved with a neurostimulant which would improve attention span to therapy This chapter discusses dopaminergic agents and other neurostimulants for disorders of consciousness and long-term drugs for spasticity to improve outcomes.
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Classen, Joseph, and Katja Stefan. Changes in TMS Measures induced by repetitive TMS. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0016.
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This article reviews several protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-induced plasticity. rTMS, when applied to the motor cortex or other cortical regions of the brain, may induce effects that outlast the stimulation period. The neural plasticity, which emerges as a result of such interventions, has been studied to gain insight into plasticity mechanisms of the brain. In two protocols the structure of rTMS trains is modified, informed by the knowledge of the physiological properties of the corticospinal system. Pulse configuration, stimulus frequency, stimulus intensity, the duration of the application period, and the total number of stimuli are some variables that have to be taken into account when reviewing the physiological effects of rTMS. This article also introduces the concept of patterned rTMS pulses and rTMS with ischemic nerve block. In addition, rTMS has raised considerable interest because of its therapeutic potential; however, much needs to be done in this field.
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Armstrong, Neil, and Joanne R. Welsman. Aerobic fitness. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0008.
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Maximal oxygen uptake ( V O 2 · max), the highest rate at which an individual can consume O2 during exercise, is widely recognized as the best single measure of adults’ aerobic fitness.1,2 Maximal V O 2 · ultimately limits an individual’s capacity to perform aerobic exercise but it does not describe fully all aspects of aerobic fitness. The transient kinetics of V O 2 · best reflect the integrated response of the O2 delivery system and the metabolic requirements of the exercising muscle to rapid changes in exercise intensity. Furthermore, V O 2 · max is not the best index of an individual’s ability to sustain submaximal aerobic exercise and despite its derivation from anaerobic metabolism, measures of blood lactate accumulation during submaximal exercise provide useful indicators of aerobic fitness.As the assessment of V O 2 · kinetics is addressed in Chapter 22, in this chapter, we will focus on the assessment of V O 2 · max and blood lactate accumulation.
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Hechtman, Lily. Summary. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190213589.003.0010.
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Outcomes in adults with ADHD are not uniform. They vary and can be generally described as falling into three groups: (1) those who have fairly normal outcome that does not differ from matched normal controls (about 30%) (Weiss & Hechtman, 1993); (2) those who continue to have significant symptoms of the syndrome with impaired functioning in academic, occupational, social, and emotional domains (50% of the group); and finally, (3) a small subgroup, about 10% to 20%, who have significant negative outcome with poor educational attainment, poor work history, marked unemployment, significant alcohol/substance use disorder, and important psychiatric and antisocial symptoms. Given that ADHD is a chronic condition that continues into adulthood, treatment (both medication and psychosocial treatments) needs to address both ADHD and comorbid conditions and needs to be ongoing with varying intensity and careful follow-up. Only with such an approach can we hope to improve adult outcomes for patients with ADHD.
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Schaub, Jean-Frédéric. Violence in the Atlantic. Edited by Nicholas Canny and Philip Morgan. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199210879.013.0007.
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The shaping of an Atlantic world during the first two centuries of Europe's overseas expansion saw an increase in the use and intensity of violence. Conquest, beginning with the Atlantic archipelagos (Canary Islands, Hispaniola, Santo Domingo), led to massacres and the elimination of populations. The diseases that Europeans brought with them may have done the most to wipe out the Canary Islanders during the fifteenth century, and the Tainos during the first decades of the sixteenth century, but harsh quasi-genocidal actions contributed to the indigenes' demise. The burgeoning Atlantic slave trade was also an especially violent phenomenon. Captivity and slavery by no means began with the exploitation of Atlantic space but the global dimensions of the pressure on African populations, during the sixteenth and particularly during the second half of the seventeenth century, escalated the practice. This article examines the mass murder, religion and violence, violence and the judiciary, alliance, rape, racial and cultural hybridisation, and narratives of captivity and violence.
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Richemond-Barak, Daphné. Underground Warfare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457242.003.0002.
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This chapter builds on the past to learn about the future: How does today’s use of tunnels differ from yesterday’s? What will tomorrow’s underground warfare look like? These questions are answered through the historical narrative and a database of over 40 years of New York Times reports on the use of tunnels in conflict. The NYT data fills some of the holes left by the absence of literature and helps shape the first typology of tunnels. This chapter offers conceptual and analytical tools for understanding and contending with tunnel warfare. It also encapsulates one of the book’s major arguments that, absent a major technological breakthrough, underground warfare is likely to intensify and continue its rapid diffusion in the coming years, following a pattern resembling that of suicide terrorism.
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Straumann, Tobias. Zurich and Geneva. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817314.003.0006.
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The Global Financial Crisis has had a strong negative effect on Zurich and Geneva by ending banking secrecy for foreign clients. The reason for this historical break was the rapid rise of public debt in the wake of the crisis which prompted major EU countries and the United States to intensify their fight against financial centres profiting from tax evasion. As Zurich and Geneva have always had other comparative advantages besides banking secrecy, they are likely to remain important hubs in the international financial geography. But there is no doubt that their golden age has come to an end. Brexit and fintech are unlikely to provide opportunities to reverse the relative decline, since Switzerland is not part of the EU and the Eurozone and does not have the economic size required to be a first mover in developing basic innovations.