Journal articles: 'Dosage'

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McFarlane, G. A., and R. J. Beamish. "Selection of Dosages of Oxytetracycline for Age Validation Studies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-108.

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Oxytetracycline (OTC), injected to mark the otoliths of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), causes mortality directly in proportion to the dosage administered. The selection of an appropriate dosage requires minimizing mortality while maximizing the number of fish that have a usable OTC mark. Laboratory studies could not be used to determine appropriate dosages. Dosages that substantially increased mortality in the ocean did not cause any mortality in the laboratory. For sablefish, we recommend a dosage of 25–35 mg OTC/kg fish.

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Dodson, W. Edwin, Marc Kamin, Lesley Kraut, William H. Olson, and Shu-Chen Wu. "Topiramate Titration to Response: Analysis of Individualized Therapy Study (TRAITS)." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 5 (May 2003): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c133.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between baseline seizure frequency and stabilized topiramate dosage and the effect of individualized treatment on tolerability in adults with partial-onset seizures receiving other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). METHODS: In this 20-week, open-label trial, dosages of medications were adjusted according to clinical response. Dosage and seizure response data were analyzed for 2 groups defined by baseline seizure frequency: <4 and ≥4 seizures per month. RESULTS: In the outcome evaluable population (n = 471), the mean ± SEM stable topiramate dosage was 303 ± 139 mg/d when baseline seizure frequency was <4 seizures/month and 341 ± 153 mg/d when baseline seizure frequency was ≥4 seizures/month (p = 0.005). The most common adverse events were somnolence (8.5%), fatigue (7.3%), nausea (5.3%), and dizziness (5.0%). Cognitive complaints were reported by <3% of patients. When concomitant AED dosages were reduced, 14% of patients discontinued topiramate due to adverse events compared with 23% if the concomitant AED dosage was unchanged or increased. CONCLUSIONS: When clinicians individualize topiramate dosage according to clinical response, the stabilized topiramate dosage as add-on therapy is influenced by baseline seizure frequency. Topiramate tolerability is improved when dosages of concomitant AEDs are reduced.

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Elias, Gracieli Prado, Cristina Antoniali, and Ronaldo Célio Mariano. "Comparative study of rules employed for calculation of pediatric drug dosage." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 2 (June 2005): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000200004.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of Clark's, Salisbury and Penna's rules and the Body Surface Area (BSA) formula for calculation of pediatric drug dosage, as well as their reliability and viability in the clinical use. These rules are frequently cited in the literature, but much controversy still exists with regards to their use. The pediatric drug dosage was calculated by utilization of the aforementioned rules and using the drugs Paracetamol, Dipyrone, Diclofenac Potassium, Nimesulide, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin, widely employed in Pediatric Dentistry. Weight and body surface areas were considered of children with ages between 1 and 12 years old as well as the dosage for the adult. The pediatric dosages achieved were compared to the predetermined dosages in mg kg-1 herein-named standard dosages. The results were submitted to the parametric test ANOVA and to the Tukey test (p<0,05). The antibiotics and Diclofenac provides acceptable utilization of the rules in pediatric dentistry, however for the Dipyrone, the dosages obtained by the rules suggest their clinical ineffectiveness. For the Paracetamol, the Penna's rule and the BSA formula should not be clinically employed, especially for children between 1 and 5 years old, once such dosages were much close to the hepatotoxic dosage of the drug. It can be concluded that the use of the rules for safe calculation of the pediatric drug dosage is possible and it depends on the used drug and age group.

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Lu, Shijian, Jiajia Cheng, Zhipeng Zhu, Luchao Yan, Yang Wang, Lingling Xu, and Min Deng. "Study on the Influence of Waste Rock Wool on the Properties of Cement Mortar under the Dual Fiber Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers and Steel Fibers." Materials 17, no. 14 (July 10, 2024): 3416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17143416.

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In this paper, the effect of waste rock-wool dosage on the workability, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, toughness and hydration products of PVA and steel fiber-reinforced mortars was investigated. The results showed that the fluidity of the mortar gradually decreased with the increase in the dosage of waste rock wool, with a maximum reduction of 10% at a dosage of 20%. The higher the dosage of waste rock wool, the greater the reduction in compressive strength. The effect of waste rock wool on strength reduction decreases with increasing age. When the dosage of waste rock wool was 10%, the 28 days of flexural and compressive strengths were reduced by 4.73% and 10.59%, respectively. As the dosage of waste rock wool increased, the flexural-to-compressive ratio increased, and at 20%, the maximum value of 28 days of flexural-to-compressive ratio was 0.210, which was increased by 28.05%. At a 5% dosage, the abraded volume was reduced from 500 mm3 to 376 mm3—a reduction of 24.8%. Waste rock wool only affects the hydration process and does not cause a change in the type of hydration products. It promotes the hydration of the cementitious material system at low dosages and exhibits an inhibitory effect at high dosages.

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Pinto Junior, Airton Rodrigues, Luiz Alberto Kozlowski, and André Luís Lopes da Silva. "Control of Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) in the soybean culture with different insecticides." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 2, no. 4 (December 16, 2011): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v2n4.junior.

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The aim of this research was to test the efficacy of different insecticides, and dosage against Pseudoplusia includens in the soybean culture. The treatments were: (1) alphacypermethrin + teflubenzuron, (2) teflubenzuron, (3) diflubenzuron and (4) profenophos + lufenuron, in different doses. All the insecticides tested in this research presented high efficacy on the control of Pseudoplusia includens in the soybean culture. These insecticides and dosages were: (1) mixture of alphacypermethrin and teflubenzuron at dosages from 9.0 to 11.25 g a.i.ha-1, (2) teflubenzuron at dosage from 6 to 12 g a.i.ha-1, (3) diflubenzuron at dosage from 10 to 20 g a.i.ha-1 and (4) the mixture profenophos and lufenuron at dosage 75.0 and 7.5 g a.i.ha-1, respectively. All these insecticides after 15 days of application promote 100% dead caterpillars. None these insecticides decrease soybean yield.

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Walker, Robert D., Gary E. Stein, Joseph G. Hauptman, and Kathleen H. MacDonald. "Pharmacokinetic evaluation of enrofloxacin administered orally to healthy dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 2315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.12.2315.

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Summary Enrofloxacin was administered orally to 6 healthy dogs at dosages of approximately 2.75, 5.5, and 11 mg/kg of body weight, every 12 hours for 4 days, with a 4-week interval between dosage regimens. Serum and tissue cage fluid (tcf) concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured after the first and seventh treatments. The mean peak serum concentration occurred between 1 and 2.5 hours after dosing. Peak serum concentrations increased with increases in dosage. For each dosage regimen, there was an accumulation of enrofloxacin between the first and seventh treatment, as demonstrated by a significant (P = 0.001) increase in peak serum concentrations. The serum elimination half-life increased from 3.39 hours for the 2.75 mg/kg dosage to 4.94 hours for the 11 mg/kg dosage. Enrofloxacin accumulated slowly into tcf, with peak concentrations being approximately 58% of those of serum. The time of peak tcf concentrations occurred between 3.8 hours and 5.9 hours after drug administration, depending on the dosage and whether it was after single or multiple administrations. Compared with serum concentrations (area under the curvetcf/area under the curveserum), the percentage of enrofloxacin penetration into tcf was 85% at a dosage of 2.75 mg/kg, 83% at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg, and 88% at a dosage of 11 mg/kg. All 3 dosage regimens of enrofloxacin induced continuous serum and tcf concentrations greater than the minimal concentration required to inhibit 90% (mic90) of the aerobic and facultative anaerobic clinical isolates tested, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only the 11 mg/kg dosage regimen provided continuous serum and tcf concentrations that exceeded the mic90 for P aeruginosa isolates; whereas none of the dosages induced serum or tcf concentrations greater than the mic90 of the obligate anaerobic bacteria tested.

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Haas, Ken. "Dosage." Chest 138, no. 6 (December 2010): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-2875.

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Sur, S., J. Lam, P. Bouchard, A. Sigounas, D. Holbert, and W. J. Metzger. "Immunomodulatory effects of IL-12 on allergic lung inflammation depend on timing of doses." Journal of Immunology 157, no. 9 (November 1, 1996): 4173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.9.4173.

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Abstract We investigated the effects of IL-12 on a murine model of allergic lung inflammation. Administration of IL-12 was timed to interfere with either allergic sensitization (early dosage) or the hypersensitivity inflammatory response in the lung (late dosage), or both (early and late dosages). Comparisons of IL-12- and PBS-treated animals within each treatment group revealed several noticeable effects of IL-12. Early dosage, and the combination of early and late dosages, strikingly decreased ragweed-specific serum IgE, tracheal ring reactivity to acetylcholine, and BAL eosinophilia following allergen challenge. In contrast, late dosage had no effect on IgE levels and only a minimal effect on tracheal ring reactivity, but had a modest effect on recruitment of eosinophils. Early dosage down-regulated IL-5 and IL-10, but did not alter IL-4 or IFN-gamma expression. Late dosage down-regulated IL-5, up-regulated IL-10 and IFN-gamma, but did not change IL-4 expression. The combination of early and late dosage down-regulated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 expression, but increased IFN-gamma expression and production in the BAL cells and fluids. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-12 has potent immunomodulatory effects on allergic lung inflammation that depend on the timing of IL-12 administration relative to allergic sensitization and allergen challenge.

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B, Yuvan, and Inniya C. "Nano Technology based Topical Semisolid Pharmaceutical dosage Forms." International Journal of Pharmacy and Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (December 25, 2014): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942576/ijpbe-v1i1p105.

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The pharmaceutical semisolid dosages are normally present in the form of paste, creams, gels, ointments. Generally these types of semisolid dosages are used only externally such as skin allergies, injuries, etc. The bases used in the semisolid pharmaceutical dosage are more sensitive to the skin. The topical semisolid medical dosages are spread smoothly on the body surface. It will react with the cells and injuries for long time because it adhered for long time. The main advantages of the semisolid dosage are it does not create side effects. This paper proposes the Nano technology based semisolid dosages which are more effective than conventional semisolids.

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Seifeldin, Raafat A., Amadeo Marcos-Alvarez, Fredric D. Gordon, W. David Lewis, and Roger L. Jenkins. "Nifedipine Interaction with Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant Recipients." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 5 (May 1997): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100508.

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible drug interaction between nifedipine and tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was done comparing two groups of liver transplant recipients. The starting time for comparison was the same after transplant. One group (n = 22) consisted of hypertensive patients who were treated with nifedipine; the other group (n = 28) did not receive nifedipine. The two groups were compared over 1 year. The effect of nifedipine on tacrolimus was measured in terms of tacrolimus whole blood trough concentrations, daily tacrolimus dosages, and cumulative tacrolimus dosages at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. All patient charts were reviewed with regard to concurrent medication that could affect the metabolism of tacrolimus and eventually affect tacrolimus concentrations and dosages. DATA COLLECTION: All required information was retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between daily dosage requirements of tacrolimus at 90 (p = 0.03), 180 (p = 0.004), and 365 (p = 0.0004) days between the nifedipine and no-nifedipine groups. The tacrolimus daily dosage in the nifedipine group was decreased by 26%, 29%, and 38% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, compared with the dosage of the no-nifedipine group. Statistically significant differences in cumulative dosages of tacrolimus were observed at 180 (p = 0.02) and 365 (p = 0.003) days between the nifedipine and no-nifedipine groups, with cumulative dosage reduction of 25% and 31% by 6 and 12 months, respectively, in the nifedipine group compared with the no-nifedipine group. CONCLUSIONS: Nifedipine decreased the daily and cumulative dosage requirement of tacrolimus. The interaction observed between nifedipine and tacrolimus is the first reported in humans and is clinically important. As a result of this drug interaction, it is recommended that blood concentrations of tacrolimus be monitored during coadministration of these drugs and that the tacrolimus dosage be adjusted accordingly.

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Yang, Wen-Jui, Farn Lu, Cai-Yun Wang, Jun-Jie Hong, Tiffany Wang, Pok Eric Yang, and Jack Yu-Jen Huang. "Different Dosages of Progesterone in Luteal Phase Support Reflect Varying Endometrial microRNA Expression in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7 (March 25, 2024): 3670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073670.

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Despite serum progesterone being a widely accepted method for luteal phase support during embryo transfer cycles, debates persist regarding the optimal strategy for guiding clinical decisions on progesterone dosages to maximize reproductive outcomes. This retrospective study explored the utility of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers in guiding personalized progesterone dosage adjustments for frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles in 22 in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy. Utilizing MIRA, an miRNA-based endometrial receptivity test, we analyzed patients’ miRNA expression profiles before and after progesterone dosage adjustments to determine suitable dosages and assess endometrial status. Despite patients receiving identical progesterone dosages, variations in miRNA profiles were observed in the initial cycle, and all patients presented a displaced window of implantation. Following dosage adjustments based on their miRNA profiles, 91% of patients successfully transitioned their endometrium towards the receptive stages. However, two patients continued to exhibit persistent displaced receptivity despite the adjustments. Given the evident variation in endometrial status and serum progesterone levels among individuals, analyzing miRNA expression profiles may address the challenge of inter-personal variation in serum progesterone levels, to deliver more personalized dosage adjustments and facilitate personalized luteal phase support in IVF.

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Sharma, Swati, Dileep Singh Baghel, Saurabh Singh, and Sachin Kumar Singh. "DOSAGE FORM DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIKANTAKADI KVATHA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 16 (September 16, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s4.21336.

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Objective: This is aimed to study the development of different dosage form and physicochemical characterization of Trikantakadi Kvatha (TK).Methods: Stability, shelf life, non-convenient, and large dosages administration are the major concern for Kvatha. To overcome these problems, an effort has been made to modify the formulation without changing its efficacy into various dosage forms such as tablet, syrup, and tincture. Comparative pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical parameters of crude herbs and prepared formulations were investigated. TK was prepared by classical method mentioned in literature and converted into TK syrup, TK Ghana vati, and Trikantakadi tincture (TT). Precaution should be taken during the processing of formulations. TT placed at a dark place in airtight container.Results: Physicochemical and phytochemical investigations are not shown any remarkable variations with various prepared dosage forms. The Rf range observed between the 0.08 and 0.80 follows the standard value when compared with the reference of plant drug used for the preparation of dosage form.Conclusion: The prepared dosages forms were not exhibited any remarkable difference according to thin-layer chromatography studies and physicochemical parameters. However, the developed dosage forms are more stable than kvatha.

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Peter, R. E., M. Sokolowska, C. S. Nahorniak, J. E. Rivier, and W. W. Vale. "Comparison of [D-Arg6, Trp7, Leu8, Pro9NEt]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (sGnRH-A), and [D-Ala6, Pro9NEt]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A), in combination with pimozide, in stimulating gonadotropin release and ovulation in the goldfish, Carassius auratus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-156.

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LHRH-A and sGnRH-A were tested, in the presence or absence of pimozide (Pim), for their ability to stimulate increases in serum gonadotropin (GtH) levels and ovulation in prespawning female goldfish. In the absence of Pim, sGnRH-A was more active than LHRH-A in terms of stimulating serum GtH levels; neither peptide given alone was effective in stimulating ovulation. Pim potentiated the activity of both peptides; high dosages of either peptide, plus a high dosage of Pim, were highly effective in stimulating serum GtH and ovulation. A low dosage of sGnRH-A, plus a low dosage of Pim, were also effective in stimulating serum GtH and ovulation; however, a low dosage of LHRH-A plus a low dosage of Pim were ineffective. The time to ovulation following injections, for those treatments that were highly effective in inducing ovulation, was highly predictable, and oocyte fertility and viability were high. These results indicate that sGnRH-A, in the presence of Pim, is effective in stimulating ovulation in goldfish at dosages about 10-fold less than for LHRH-A. The basis for the differences in potency between sGnRH-A and LHRH-A is discussed.

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Lobbes, Leonard A., Katharina Schier, Kasper Tiebie, Nelly Scheidel, Ioannis Pozios, Richelle J. M. Hoveling, and Benjamin Weixler. "Optimizing Indocyanine Green Dosage for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Perfusion Assessment in Bowel Anastomosis: A Prospective, Systematic Dose-Ranging Study." Life 14, no. 2 (January 26, 2024): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14020186.

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Background: Indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) has emerged as a promising technique for visualizing tissue perfusion. However, within the wide range of dosages and imaging conditions currently being applied, the optimal dosage of ICG remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and implications of implementing lower dosages of ICG than commonly used for visual and quantitative perfusion assessment in a standardized setting. Methods: A prospective single-center cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing ileostomy reversal by hand-sewn anastomosis. ICG-NIRF visualization was performed before (T1) and after (T2) anastomosis with one of four different dosages of ICG (5 mg, 2.5 mg, 1.25 mg, or 0.625 mg) and recorded. Postoperatively, each visualization was evaluated for signal strength, completeness, and homogeneity of fluorescence. Additionally, perfusion graphs were generated by a software-based quantitative perfusion assessment, allowing an analysis of perfusion parameters. Statistical analysis comparing the effect of the investigated dosages on these parameters was performed. Results: In total, 40 patients were investigated. Visual evaluation demonstrated strong, complete, and homogeneous fluorescence signals across all dosages. Perfusion graph assessment revealed a consistent shape for all dosages (ingress followed by egress phase). While the average signal intensity decreased with dosage, it was sufficient to enable perfusion assessment even at the lowest dosages of 1.25 mg and 0.625 mg of ICG. The baseline intensity at T2 (the second intraoperative visualization) significantly decreased with dosage. The slope of the egress phase steepened with decreasing dosage. Conclusions: Lower dosages of ICG were sufficient for intraoperative perfusion assessment, while causing lower residual fluorescence and quicker egress in subsequent visualizations.

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Nuraini, Nuraini, Afrizal Tanjung, Trisla Warningsih, and Zainal Abidin Muchlisin. "Induced spawning of siban fish Cyclocheilichthys apogon using Ovaprim." F1000Research 6 (October 18, 2017): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12885.1.

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Background: The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of Ovaprim dosage on the latency period, relative number of ovulated eggs, fertilization, hatching, and survival rates of the siban fish, Cyclocheilichthys apogon. Methods: Three dosages of Ovaprim were tested in this study, namely 0.3 ml kg-1 of broodfish body weight, 0.5 ml kg-1 body weight, and 0.7 ml kg-1 body weight, plus control (without Ovaprim). Results: The results showed that the best latency period, relative number of ovulated eggs, fertilization, hatching, and survival rates were obtained at a dosage of 0.7 ml kg-1 body weight. Conclusions: The best dosage of Ovaprim for siban fish from the dosages tested, was determined to be 0.7 ml kg-1 body weight.

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Rakotoniaina TL, Ranaivosoa MK, Rakotonindrina FI, Rakoto Alson OA, and Rasamindrakotroka A. "Prescription of the thyroid test results at the biochemistry laboratory in Antananarivo in 2018." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.5.2.0012.

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According to National Authority for Health, the isolated dosage of TSH, in first-line, is a sufficient supply for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid dysfunction. The purpose of this study are to determine the prevalence of prescriptions of thyroid test, evaluate the practices on the prescription of thyroid tests compared to international recommendations. It is a descriptive retropective study within a period of 12 months. All the files with a request for TSH and / or thyroid hormone were included in this study. All files with a previous thyroid check-up or as part of a dysthyroidism follow-up assessment were excluded. Among the 72600 prescriptions for biochemical tests, 184 corresponded to the prescription of thyroid tests, it means 0.25% compared to other biochemical blood tests recorded. Among the 184 prescriptions requesting thyroid tests,117 files were retained. The mean age of the patients was 42.3 years, with a sex ratio of 0.18. One hundred sixteen files included a request of TSH dosage; 28,21% included only a TSH dosage and 70.94% included a request of simultaneous TSH dosage with one of two thyroid hormones. One prescription (0.85%) asked for a thyroid hormones dosage only without preliminary TSH dosage. TSH ranged from <0.05 to 93.97µUI/mL. It was normal in 68.96%, reduced in 16.39% and increased in 14.65% of the dosages. The number of thyroid hormone dosage in first-line in this study is important. Their prescription should be adapted to current recommendations in order to avoid the additional cost of unnecessary dosages for patients.

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He, Fu Qiang, and Xiao Peng An. "Effect of Dosage and Modulus of Water Glass on AC Impedance Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Mortar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1018.

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Compressive strength and AC impedance of mortar made with water-glass-activated slag were investigated as a dependence of modulus (0.5-2.0) and dosage (2-6%) of the water-glass. Results shown that when the dosage of water glass is 2- 4 %, the modulus of the water glass has a little effect on the compressive strength. In the case of the dosage of water glass is beyond 4 %, when modulus of the water glass change from 0.5-1.0, the compressive strength obviously increases with increase of modulus of water glass and when modulus of the water glass change from 1.0-2.0, the modulus of the water glass has a little effect on the compressive strength. The strength increases with increase of the dosage from 2 to 6%. In the case same dosage and modulus, there is a rather good power correlation between the bulk resistance and the activated age. With increase of the dosage, the bulk resistance significantly decreases when the dosage is below 4%. The decreasing degree is small when the dosage is beyond 4%. The decreasing degree derived from the dosage increases with the activated age. The effect of the modulus on the bulk resistance depends on range of the dosage. However, it can be regarded that when the dosage is 4% and 6%, the modulus has small effect on the bulk resistance in the case of all the dosages.

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N. M., Witariadi, and N. N. Candraasih K. "PRODUCTIVITY OF PINTO BEANS (Arachis pintoi) WITH DIFFERENT TYPES AND DOSAGE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER." Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan 22, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mip.2019.v22.i02.p08.

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The study aims to determine the productivity of pinto beans (Arachis pintoi) which is fertilized with differenttypes of organic fertilizer including its dosage. The study was conducted by using a completely randomized design(CRD) within two patterns of factors. Firstly, organic fertilizers are cow dung (S) and chicken manure (A). Secondly,dosages without fertilizer (D0), 15 tons/ha dosages (D1), 20 tons/ha dosages (D2), dosage of 25 tons/ha (D3); anddosage of 30 tons/ ha (D4) of organic fertilizers. The variables observed were plant height, number of branches,number of leaves, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total forage dry weight, leaf areat and leaf dry weight ratio withstem dry weight. The results showed no interaction between the type and dosage of fertilizer in which the growthand production of pinto beans (Arachis pintoi) gave the same results by fertilizing with 25-30 tons/ha dosagesof chicken manure. It can be concluded that increasing the productivity of pinto beans (Arachis pintoi) can befertilized with 25-30 tons/ha dosages of chicken manure

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Khairuddin, Zuriati, Hafizan Juahir, Azizah Endut, Azimah Ismail, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Adiana Ghazali, Mazlin Mokhtar, et al. "Moringa Oleifera Dosage Clustering for Remediation Process of Batik Effluents Using Chemometric Technique." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (July 25, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16867.

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Batik has become one of the well-known industries because of the exclusive design and colours. The wastewater produced during the Batik production could contaminate the water bodies due to the contaminants present in the effluents. The need to remove the contaminants, in turn, calls for an efficient and effective Batik wastewater treatment prior to the disposal into the environment. The present study is purposely to determine the optimum Moringa oleifera dosage during the Batik effluents treatment process. The Batik effluent was treated using different M. oleifera seed powder dosages, swirled and allowed to settle down for 24 hours. The best dosage was determined by utilizing the cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA) on the observation data. The CA and DA verified that 2.5g and 5.0g are the optimum dosages to reduce the contaminants in the Batik wastewater. Additionally, both optimum dosages are the least dosage by which will also reduce the cost of M. oleifera used in the Batik wastewater treatment.

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Colombini, Sarah, and Robert W. Dunstan. "Zinc-responsive dermatosis in northern-breed dogs: 17 cases (1990–1996)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 211, no. 4 (August 15, 1997): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.211.04.451.

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Objective— To determine the response rate of zinc-responsive dermatosis to zinc supplementation, the optimal dosage of zinc required for resolution of lesions, the rate of recurrence of lesions, and to develop recommendations for maintenance dosages of zinc to be administered to dogs with this type of zinc-responsive dermatosis. Design— Retrospective case series. Animals— 17 northern-breed dogs with a diagnosis of zinc-responsive dermatosis. Procedure— Histologic evaluation of skin biopsy specimens and review of medical records. Additional information was obtained from veterinarians and owners via a telephone questionnaire. Results— In 12 of 17 dogs, lesions were unilateral initially, then became symmetrical as the disease progressed. Pyoderma was evident in 5 of 17 dogs, whereas 10 were pruritic. Most lesions initially developed between September and April, and 12 of 17 dogs developed lesions in February, October, and November. Initial dosages of zinc supplement ranged from 0.8 to 4.6 mg/kg of body weight/d (0.36 to 2.09 mg/lb/d). Effective/maintenance dosages ranged from 0.5 mg/kg (0.23 mg/lb), twice weekly, to 8.0 mg/kg/d (3.6 mg/lb/d). Fifteen of 17 dogs had complete resolution of lesions after zinc supplementation. Lesions recurred in 9 of 16 dogs. Approximately half of the recurrent lesions were a result of a missed dose or a decrease in dosage or frequency of zinc supplementation. Clinical Implications— An initial dosage of zinc supplement of 1.0 mg of elemental zinc/kg (0.45 mg of elemental zinc/lb), PO, every 24 hours is recommended. Treatment should be continued for 1 month to determine response to treatment, and the daily dosage should be increased by 50% if the initial dosage is not effective. Dogs are prone to recurrence of lesions if a dose of zinc is missed or the dosage or frequency is decreased. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:451–453)

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Healy, Andrew V., Evert Fuenmayor, Patrick Doran, Luke M. Geever, Clement L. Higginbotham, and John G. Lyons. "Additive Manufacturing of Personalized Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms via Stereolithography." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120645.

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The introduction of three-dimensional printing (3DP) has created exciting possibilities for the fabrication of dosage forms, paving the way for personalized medicine. In this study, oral dosage forms of two drug concentrations, namely 2.50% and 5.00%, were fabricated via stereolithography (SLA) using a novel photopolymerizable resin formulation based on a monomer mixture that, to date, has not been reported in the literature, with paracetamol and aspirin selected as model drugs. In order to produce the dosage forms, the ratio of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to poly(caprolactone) triol was varied with diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (Irgacure TPO) utilized as the photoinitiator. The fabrication of 28 dosages in one print process was possible and the printed dosage forms were characterized for their drug release properties. It was established that both drugs displayed a sustained release over a 24-h period. The physical properties were also investigated, illustrating that SLA affords accurate printing of dosages with some statistically significant differences observed from the targeted dimensional range, indicating an area for future process improvement. The work presented in this paper demonstrates that SLA has the ability to produce small, individualized batches which may be tailored to meet patients’ specific needs or provide for the localized production of pharmaceutical dosage forms.

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Letcher, James, and Ronald Durante. "Evaluation of use of tiletamine/zolazepam for anesthesia of bullfrogs and leopard frogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 207, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1995.207.01.80.

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Summary Use of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride (1:1 fixed ratio combination) as an anesthetic agent in 2 anuran species was studied. A dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight, administered im, resulted in variable weak tranquilization. Intramuscular administration at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg induced variable states of tranquilization or anesthesia in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and bullfrogs (R catesbeiana). The dosages of 50 mg/kg induced anesthesia with greater consistency than lower dosages in bullfrogs, but resulted in mortalities. The same dosage was uniformly fatal in leopard frogs. Neither gross nor histologic lesions were identified in the frogs that died. Depth and duration of anesthesia was dosage related. At the 20 and 50 mg/kg dosages, leopard frogs attained a greater depth of anesthesia and remained anesthetized for a significantly greater duration than did bullfrogs; however, at the 5 and 10 mg/kg dosages, bullfrogs developed greater tranquilization for longer periods than did leopard frogs. Results of this study revealed profound intraspecies variation in depth and duration of effect of tiletamine/zolazepam; therefore, the drug does not appear to be a suitable injectable anesthetic in anurans.

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Dong, Qirong, Wayne Parker, and Martha Dagnew. "Dynamic characterization of a FeCl3-dosed anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating municipal wastewater." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.175.

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Abstract A transient study was conducted at pilot scale to assess the impact of Fe dosage on the dynamics of biological and membrane performance of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating authentic municipal wastewater. A transient model of the AnMBR system was employed to assist with interpretation of the observed responses in the mixed liquor under different FeCl3 dosages. A high dosage (43 mg FeCl3/LSewage) resulted in a significant accumulation of fixed suspended solids and volatile suspended solids (VSS) and reduction of colloidal COD in the mixed liquor. The elevated dosages appeared to reduce the biodegradability of VSS that was present in the raw wastewater. Intermediate dosages of FeCl3 (21–12 mg/L) had less effect on these responses and did not appear to affect VSS biodegradation. Membrane performance was significantly affected by FeCl3 dosage as indicated by reversible resistance (RR) and physically irreversible resistance (IR). RR was closely related to the colloidal COD in the mixed liquor, thus responded quickly to Fe dosage. Physically, IR had a delayed response to changes in the colloidal COD concentrations in the mixed liquor and this was attributed to the effect of slow mass transfer of colloidal matter between the mixed liquor and the membrane.

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Spada, Marco, Veronica Pagliardini, Federica Ricci, Elisa Biamino, Tiziana Mongini, and Francesco Porta. "Early higher dosage of alglucosidase alpha in classic Pompe disease." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 1343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0336.

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Abstract Background With conventional enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the clinical prognosis of classic Pompe disease is often unsatisfactory. About half the patients treated with ERT at the recommended dosage (20 mg/kg every other week) require ventilatory support within the first years of life. The heterogeneous response to ERT has been related to different factors, including cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM) status and age at ERT initiation. Early treatment with a standard dosage of ERT improves clinical outcome and avoids mechanical ventilation in CRIM-positive patients detected at newborn screening, not preventing persistent hyperCKemia and muscle weakness. Later treatment with higher dosages of ERT was shown to provide similar benefits in CRIM-positive patients. Here, we report the clinical and biochemical outcomes of six patients with classic Pompe disease treated with different dosages of alglucosidase alpha at different ages. Methods A standard dosage of ERT was employed in five patients, sharing a poor prognosis after transient clinical improvements, even in the case of early treatment (four died at 22.2±11.9 months and one survived but required tracheostomy and gastrostomy). Early higher dosage of alglucosidase alpha (40 mg/kg/week from 14 days) was administered to one CRIM-positive patient with fetal persistent bradycardia. Results Early higher dosage of alclucosidase alpha not only achieved normal neuromotor development but also the full correction of biochemical markers of muscle damage until 3 years of age, an unmet target with the standard dosage. Speech delay was not prevented by this approach. Conclusions We suggest that early treatment with a higher dosage of ERT may further improve clinical prognosis in classic Pompe disease.

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Rindle, Olivia, and Torben Gädt. "Along the S‐Curve – How Superplasticizers Affect the Yield Stress of Cement Paste." ce/papers 6, no. 6 (December 2023): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2914.

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AbstractIn cementitious systems, superplasticizers have two core purposes. On the one hand, they are used to lower the yield stress of a cement paste without changing the water to cement (w/c) ratio. On the other hand, they can reduce the w/c ratio without changing the yield stress. The relationship between slump flow and dosage of a superplasticizer containing cement paste can be described as an S‐curve. Below a critical dosage, the superplasticizer does not increase the flow. Above this dosage, the flow increases linearly until the saturation dosage is reached. Further addition of polymer will therefore not increase the fluidity of the cement paste. The minimum dosage which corresponds to an onset of increased flow compared to a dispersant free paste is referred to as the critical dosage.In this study, we analysed the dosage curve for three different polymers: a mela‐mine based (MFS), a polycarboxylate ether (PCE) and a polyphosphate ether (PPE) superplasticizer. The dosage curves of each superplasticizer were measured with a slump flow test at two different w/c ratios. To observe even small changes in the ultra‐low dosages, MFS was measured using a rheometer. We have specifically examined the areas defined as critical dosage and saturation dosage. We have found that these definitions need to be revised, not with regards to their values, but in terms of a proper understanding.

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Khatoon, Shehnaz, Anmolpreet Singh, Pankaj Kumar, and Masrror Hashmi. "Review Article on Inprocess Problems and Evaluation Tests of Tablets Manufacturing." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 3 (July 5, 2023): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.3.26.

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Tablets are the traditional over all medicinal dosage forms for solid dosages. A tablet is a solid pharmaceutical dosage form that is typically manufactured by compressing or moldings the medicinal component with appropriate diluents. They are easier to create than any other dosage form, but during manufacturing, a number of issues may occur that force the batch to be discarded. Post compression studies are also crucial before the dosage forms are put on the market. Modern standards and concepts that emphasize bioavailability, bioequivalence, and validation, among other things, have an impact on formulation design and production. In this article, we discussed the issues (Picking, Sticking, Mottling, etc.) that will arise during the production of tablets, their solutions, as well as the pre- and post- Compression qualities (such as hardness, thickness, and weight variation) and the upper limitations of their use in commercial dosage forms.

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Raman, Rajiva. "Dosage Compensation." Resonance 26, no. 5 (May 2021): 649–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-021-1167-3.

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Sharfstein, Joshua, Dewesh Agrawal, and Paul Jeffrey. "Phenytoin Dosage." Pediatrics 102, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.5.1223.

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Longo, G., E. Barbi, and E. R. Wald. "Amoxicillin Dosage." PEDIATRICS 110, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.1.195.

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Duckworth, Joan. "Correct dosage?" Critical Care Nurse 22, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2002.22.3.18.

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Holloway, Joel E. "Estradiol Dosage." Southern Medical Journal 80, no. 8 (August 1987): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198708000-00045.

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Haerle, Darin R. "Dosage Matters." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 14, no. 1 (October 15, 2014): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204014555436.

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Marsden, Philip D., and Gustavo A. S. Romero. "Glucantime dosage." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, no. 3 (May 1996): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90278-3.

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34

Kost, Michael. "Dosage clarification." Nursing 29, no. 6 (June 1999): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199906000-00008.

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35

Stoller, Jill. "ZIDOVUDINE DOSAGE." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 12, no. 12 (December 1993): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199312000-00022.

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Ruiz-Arguelles, G. J., D. D. Aleman-Hoey, and L. Mercado-Diaz. "Zidovudine dosage." BMJ 307, no. 6916 (November 27, 1993): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6916.1423-b.

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37

Saurat, JH. "Isotretinoin dosage." Lancet 348, no. 9027 (August 1996): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)64846-5.

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38

Tobudic, Selma, and Florian Thalhammer. "Dalbavancin Dosage." Clinical Infectious Diseases 68, no. 9 (October 31, 2018): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy941.

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Lunter, Dominique Jasmin, and Rolf Daniels. "Semisolid Dosage." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040315.

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40

COHEN, LISA. "DOSAGE ERROR." Nursing 19, no. 4 (April 1989): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-198904000-00002.

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SCHULMEISTER, LISA. "DOSAGE ERROR." Nursing 20, no. 4 (April 1990): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199004000-00001.

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42

Winstein, Carolee, Bokkyu Kim, Sujin Kim, Clarisa Martinez, and Nicolas Schweighofer. "Dosage Matters." Stroke 50, no. 7 (July 2019): 1831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.118.023603.

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43

Fournier, Claude. "Molsidomine dosage." American Heart Journal 122, no. 6 (December 1991): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(91)90322-9.

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44

Liao, Yanlin, Roeland E. Voorrips, Peter M. Bourke, Giorgio Tumino, Paul Arens, Richard G. F. Visser, Marinus J. M. Smulders, and Chris Maliepaard. "Using probabilistic genotypes in linkage analysis of polyploids." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134, no. 8 (May 25, 2021): 2443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03834-x.

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Abstract Key message In polyploids, linkage mapping is carried out using genotyping with discrete dosage scores. Here, we use probabilistic genotypes and we validate it for the construction of polyploid linkage maps. Abstract Marker genotypes are generally called as discrete values: homozygous versus heterozygous in the case of diploids, or an integer allele dosage in the case of polyploids. Software for linkage map construction and/or QTL analysis usually relies on such discrete genotypes. However, it may not always be possible, or desirable, to assign definite values to genotype observations in the presence of uncertainty in the genotype calling. Here, we present an approach that uses probabilistic marker dosages for linkage map construction in polyploids. We compare our method to an approach based on discrete dosages, using simulated SNP array and sequence reads data with varying levels of data quality. We validate our approach using experimental data from a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) SNP array applied to an F1 mapping population. In comparison to the approach based on discrete dosages, we mapped an additional 562 markers. All but three of these were mapped to the expected chromosome and marker position. For the remaining three markers, no physical position was known. The use of dosage probabilities is of particular relevance for map construction in polyploids using sequencing data, as these often result in a higher level of uncertainty regarding allele dosage.

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Blomqvist, M., and S. Å. Hedström. "The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Bacampicillin Twice Daily in Comparative Studies." Journal of International Medical Research 15, no. 1 (January 1987): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006058701500104.

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In 16 controlled, randomized, comparative studies a total of 953 patients were treated for urinary tract infection, sinusitis, otitis media or chronic bronchitis. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bacampicillin in a twice daily dosage, compared with three times daily dosages of bacampicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin and a twice daily dosage of co-trimoxazole. Bacampicillin was given in amounts of either 400 or 800 mg to 422 of the patients in these studies. The twice daily dosage of bacampicillin eradicated 89% of the causative bacteria of urinary tract infections compared to 86% with the other regimens. In acute sinusitis 92% and 96% of the patients were either cured or improved when treated with 400 and 800 mg bacampicillin twice daily respectively. Similar percentages occurred in the groups given the three times daily dosages. In exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 800 mg bacampicillin twice daily was the minimum effective dosage and 84% of the patients were either cured or improved with this regimen. Adverse drug reactions due to bacampicillin at all dose levels were less frequent than those of other anti-microbials. The lowest frequency of diarrhoea, 2.4%, was seen in the group given 400 mg bacampicillin twice daily. Dosages of 400 or 800 mg bacampicillin twice daily had a reliable efficacy combined with a low frequency of adverse reactions in respiratory and urinary tract infections.

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Benkirane, M., M. Cordeil, P. Princé, F. Moreux, J. L. Drocourt, and M. Delaage. "Du dosage immunoradiométrique au dosage radio-immunologique. Evolution d'un dosage de β2 microglobuline humaine." Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée 5, no. 2 (April 1990): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-2532(05)80204-2.

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47

Ath-thar, Muhammad Hunaina Fariduddin, Komar Sumantadinata, and Alimuddin Alimuddin. "SHORT COMMUNICATION: THE EFFECT OF TANNIN SOLUTION IN PERFORMING SUCCESFULL EGG MICROINJECTION ON AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus)." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.4.2.2009.153-157.

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In order to successfully perform a gene transfer activity using microinjection, an individual egg is needed. The common standard operating procedure to collect the individual egg is by applying chemical solution to remove the sticky layer covering the egg surface. Among several available solutions, tannin is one of alternative substances that can be used in performing egg microinjection on African catfish. In this study, the effect of different dosages of tannin solution to remove the sticky layer of eggs was observed. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Fish Breeding and Genetics, Bogor Agricultural University. Prior to microinjection, the eggs were treated with different dosages of tannin solution right after fertilization. There were four different levels of dosage used as the treatments i.e.: 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 ppm. After the treatments, each individual egg was injected using DNA pmâactin-hrGFP plasmid with a concentration of 20 μg/mL. The results showed that the dosage of 0.5 ppm of tannin was the most effective treatment compared to the other dosages. This dosage produced 71.4% hatching rate and 57.1% transgenic embryos respectively.

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Alsadey, Salahaldein, and Saieed Mohamed. "Evaluation of the superplasticizer effect on the workability and strength of concrete." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i1.29909.

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The adverse effects of temperature on the properties of fresh concrete include increased water demand, shorter setting time and increased slump loss. Superplasticizer (SP) is important for enhancing the workability and setting time of concrete in hot weather. Hence, an experi-mental investigation was conducted to determine the optimum dosage of an admixture and to study the effect of over dosing this admixture. Concrete mixes with SP dosages of 0.8%, 1% and 1.2% by weight of cement were prepared along with a control mix (water/cement ratio of 0.55). After casting, the concrete samples underwent normal curing. Among the properties of fresh concrete determined were compressive strength as well as workability. The over dosage of SP appeared to degrade the properties of concrete with an indication of lower compres-sive strength. However, if the dosage levels are lower than the optimum dosage, raising the admixture dosage might help enhance the con-crete characteristics.

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Salve, Priyanka M., Shital V. Sonawane, Mayuri B. Patil, and Rajendra K. Surawase. "Dissolution and Dissolution Test Apparatus: A Review." Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/2231-5659.2021.00037.

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Dissolution is an official test. These used by pharmacopeias for evaluating drug release of solid and semisolid dosages forms. The application of the dissolution testing ensures consistent product quality and to predict in vivo drug bioavailability. The dissolution test, in its simplest form, placing the formulation in a dissolution apparatus containing suitable dissolution medium, allowing it to dissolved specified period of time and then using appropriate rational method to determine the amount of drug. Dissolution test are probative and analysis like drug degradation profile, shelf-life studies, stability, physical and mechanical testing of dosage forms. The present review outlines findings on various dissolution apparatus, various methods and their modification. Dissolution testing the of various dosage form like Delayed release dosage form, Immediate release dosage form, Extended-release dosage form, Powders, Chewable tablets, Transdermal delivery system, Buccal tablets, Soft gelatin capsule, Chewing gums, Suppositories, Aerosols and others semisolids. This article goal of the description of the all-official dissolution testing apparatus.

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Tranquilli, Wm J., L. M. Graning, J. C. Thurmon, G. J. Benson, S. G. Mourn, and E. L. Lentz. "Effect of midazolam preanesthetic administration on thiamylal induction requirement in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 662–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.05.662.

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SUMMARY The thiamylal sparing effect of midazolam was studied in 30 healthy Beagle and mixed-breed dogs. Using a replicated Latin square design, all dogs were given placebo (saline solution) and 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg of midazolam/ kg of body weight prior to iv administration of thiamylal sodium. The 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg dosages significantly decreased the amount of thiamylal required to obtund swallowing reflex and easily achieve endotracheal intubation. Midazolam at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced thiamylal requirement by 16.4% and 18.9%, respectively, whereas the 0.05 mg/kg dosage decreased thiamylal requirement by only 6.8%. The 0.2 mg/kg dosage did not further decrease thiamylal requirement beyond that achieved with the 0.1 mg/kg dosage of midazolam. This study demonstrates that the preanesthetic iv administration of midazolam reduces the thiamylal dose necessary to accomplish intubation. The optimal preanesthetic dosage (lowest dosage with significant effect) was 0.1 mg/kg.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dosage'

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