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1
CARCEL, CORINNE. "Indications du dosage sanguin de la vitamine b1 : etude retrospective concernant 5359 dosages." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M404.
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Lima, Vanessa [UNESP]. "Investigação de agonismo tendencioso em α1A- e α1B-adrenoceptores." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102446.
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Agonistas induzem ou estabilizam diferentes conformações de receptores com 7 domínios transmembrana (7TMRs) levando à modulação diferencial das atividades desses receptor. Este fenômeno é conhecido como eficácia colateral ou pluridimensional, seletividade funcional ou agonismo tendencioso. Este trabalho investigou se drogas comumente utilizadas como agonistas de 1-adrenoceptores (as feniletilaminas noradrenalina, dopamina, fenilefrina e metoxamina; e as imidazolinas A61603, oximetazolina e nafazolina) apresentam agonismo tendencioso para a via proteína Gq-mobilização de Ca2+ intracelular ([Ca2+]i) ou para a internalização dependente de -arrestina em 1A- ou 1B-adrenoceptores humanos em células HEK293. O agonismo tendencioso foi determinado pela comparação equimolar e quantificado pela comparação das “razões de transdução” /KA ou razões das “eficiências de acoplamento” . Os métodos quantitativos de análise do agonismo tendencioso apontaram perfis semelhantes de seletividade funcional em 1A- e 1B-adrenoceptores. Em 1A-adrenoceptores, a dopamina apresentou agonismo tendencioso para a internalização, enquanto que a fenilefrina e o A61603 foram tendenciosos para a mobilização de [Ca2+]i. Todas as imidazolinas investigadas foram agonistas tendenciosos na internalização de 1B-adrenoceptores. Houve repercussões funcionais do agonismo tendencioso observado, uma vez que a oximetazolina promoveu taquifilaxia tanto em respostas mediadas por 1B-adrenoceptores nativos do baço do rato quanto em 1B-adrenoceptores recombinantes humanos indicando que a sua capacidade de induzir internalização de receptores não é restrita a receptores recombinantes. Além disso, houve forte correlação entre os log(/KA) de agonistas de 1-adrenoceptores em receptores nativos do rato e humanos recombinantes
Agonists induce or stabilize different conformations of 7 transmembrane domain receptors leading to differential modulation of receptor activities, a phenomenon known as collateral or pluridimentional efficacy, functional selectivity or biased agonism. This study investigates if some ligands commonly used as 1-adrenoceptors agonists (the phenylethylamines: noradrenaline, dopamine, phenylephrine and methoxamine; and the imidazolines: A61603, oxymetazoline and naphazoline) present biased signaling for Gq protein mediated intracellular calcium mobilization or -arrestin dependent receptor internalization in human recombinant 1A- and 1B-adrenoceptores expressed in HEK293 cells. The biased agonism was determined by equimolar comparison and quantified by transduction ratios (/KA) and coupling efficiency ratios (). Both methods for quantification of biased agonism discriminated similar profiles of functional selectivity in 1A- and 1B-adrenoceptores. In 1A-adrenoceptors, dopamine is biased for internalization, but phenylephrine and A61603 were biased for [Ca2+]i mobilization. On the other hand, all imidazolines were biased agonists for internalization of 1B-adrenoceptors. There are functional repercussions of the biased agonism presented by oxymetazoline, as this agonist induced tachyphylaxis in responses mediated by native 1B-adirenoceptors of the rat spleen and human recombinant 1B-adrenoceptors expressed in HEK293 cells, indicating that its ability to induce internalization is not restricted to recombinant receptors. In addition, there was a strong correlation between log(/KA) of 1-adrenoceptor agonists in rat native and human recombinant 1-adrenoceptors
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Lima, Vanessa. "Investigação de agonismo tendencioso em α1A- e α1B-adrenoceptores /." Botucatu, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102446.
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Orientador: André Sampaio PupoBanca: Claudio Miguel da Costa Neto
Banca: Rosely Oliveira Godinho
Banca: Carlos Renato Tirapelli
Banca: Carlos Alan Candido Dias Junior
Resumo: Agonistas induzem ou estabilizam diferentes conformações de receptores com 7 domínios transmembrana (7TMRs) levando à modulação diferencial das atividades desses receptor. Este fenômeno é conhecido como eficácia colateral ou pluridimensional, seletividade funcional ou agonismo tendencioso. Este trabalho investigou se drogas comumente utilizadas como agonistas de 1-adrenoceptores (as feniletilaminas noradrenalina, dopamina, fenilefrina e metoxamina; e as imidazolinas A61603, oximetazolina e nafazolina) apresentam agonismo tendencioso para a via proteína Gq-mobilização de Ca2+ intracelular ([Ca2+]i) ou para a internalização dependente de -arrestina em 1A- ou 1B-adrenoceptores humanos em células HEK293. O agonismo tendencioso foi determinado pela comparação equimolar e quantificado pela comparação das "razões de transdução" /KA ou razões das "eficiências de acoplamento" . Os métodos quantitativos de análise do agonismo tendencioso apontaram perfis semelhantes de seletividade funcional em 1A- e 1B-adrenoceptores. Em 1A-adrenoceptores, a dopamina apresentou agonismo tendencioso para a internalização, enquanto que a fenilefrina e o A61603 foram tendenciosos para a mobilização de [Ca2+]i. Todas as imidazolinas investigadas foram agonistas tendenciosos na internalização de 1B-adrenoceptores. Houve repercussões funcionais do agonismo tendencioso observado, uma vez que a oximetazolina promoveu taquifilaxia tanto em respostas mediadas por 1B-adrenoceptores nativos do baço do rato quanto em 1B-adrenoceptores recombinantes humanos indicando que a sua capacidade de induzir internalização de receptores não é restrita a receptores recombinantes. Além disso, houve forte correlação entre os log(/KA) de agonistas de 1-adrenoceptores em receptores nativos do rato e humanos recombinantes
Abstract: Agonists induce or stabilize different conformations of 7 transmembrane domain receptors leading to differential modulation of receptor activities, a phenomenon known as collateral or pluridimentional efficacy, functional selectivity or biased agonism. This study investigates if some ligands commonly used as 1-adrenoceptors agonists (the phenylethylamines: noradrenaline, dopamine, phenylephrine and methoxamine; and the imidazolines: A61603, oxymetazoline and naphazoline) present biased signaling for Gq protein mediated intracellular calcium mobilization or -arrestin dependent receptor internalization in human recombinant 1A- and 1B-adrenoceptores expressed in HEK293 cells. The biased agonism was determined by equimolar comparison and quantified by transduction ratios (/KA) and coupling efficiency ratios (). Both methods for quantification of biased agonism discriminated similar profiles of functional selectivity in 1A- and 1B-adrenoceptores. In 1A-adrenoceptors, dopamine is biased for internalization, but phenylephrine and A61603 were biased for [Ca2+]i mobilization. On the other hand, all imidazolines were biased agonists for internalization of 1B-adrenoceptors. There are functional repercussions of the biased agonism presented by oxymetazoline, as this agonist induced tachyphylaxis in responses mediated by native 1B-adirenoceptors of the rat spleen and human recombinant 1B-adrenoceptors expressed in HEK293 cells, indicating that its ability to induce internalization is not restricted to recombinant receptors. In addition, there was a strong correlation between log(/KA) of 1-adrenoceptor agonists in rat native and human recombinant 1-adrenoceptors
Doutor
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Khosla, Rajiv. "Gastrointestinal transit of dosage forms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12741/.
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This thesis describes the results from a series of studies designed to evaluate the gastrointestinal transit of oral dosage forms. The transit of placebo pellet and tablet formulations was monitored using the technique of gamma scintigraphy. The formulations were radiolabelled with either technetium-99m or indium-lil. Four parameters, two physiological and two pharmaceutical, were selected for investigation. All the studies were conducted in healthy male volunteers. The first study examined the influence of the supine position on the gastric emptying of pellets in fasted and fed subjects. There was no marked difference between the supine and control gastric emptying data. As would be expected, food had a significant effect on gastric emptying. The influence of the time of day of administration on the gastrointestinal transit of pellets was investigated in fasted subjects. Transit of the pellets was not affected by their time of administration. The effect of the putative bioadhesive, polycarbophil, on the gastrointestinal transit of a pellet formulation was studied in fasted subjects. The pellets emptied from the stomach, rapidly and in an exponential manner. A set of studies was conducted to evaluate the transit of tablets in fed and fasted subjects. Tablet size did not affect gastric emptying, although there was an increase in the variability of gastric emptying with increasing tablet size. Food had a marked effect on gastric emptying. The rate of emptying was related to the energy content of the meal. Tablet size did not appear to be a determinant of transit through the ileocaecal sphincter. The colon transit and dispersion of the tablets was examined. Neither the ingestion of food nor defecation appeared to alter the rate of transit through the colon.
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Daille-Boularan, Anne-Marie. "Dosage des androgènes par bioluminescence." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON13512.
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Queiroz, Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de. "Dosage des nitrosamines dans l'eau." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT012G.
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Quatre methodes d'extraction et de concentration, en vue de l'analyse de neuf nitrosamines de la liste epa dans l'eau, sont etudiees. Les nitrosamines ont ete analysees jusqu'a des concentrations de l'ordre de 0,1 ppb par chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec un detecteur thermoionique, apres des extractions liquide-liquide avec du dichloromethane, ou sur phase solide (c8 et charbon actif en serie). Les methodes, purge en circuit ferme et distillation et extraction simultanees ne s'averent efficaces que pour les nitrosamines moins polaires. Les methodes et techniques d'analyses sont egalement testees sur des echantillons d'eau potable et nappe phreatique
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Guérin, André. "Le dosage de la proinsuline." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20812.
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Delauney, Bernard. "Dosage des thiols d'intérêt biologique par CLHP : application au dosage du glutathion réduit dans le sang." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P041.
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Rajabi-Siahboomi, Ali Reza. "Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in hydrophilic matrix dosage forms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385287.
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Tansey, Ian P. "Aspects of innovation in dosage forms." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303085.
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Absi, Léna. "Contribution au dosage des anticorps antipneumolysine." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T005.
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Rubchak, Inna, and Olena Babenko. "Nanocapsule as a promising dosage form." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18262.
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Absi, Léna. "Contribution au dosage des anticorps antipneumolysine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376111243.
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De, Zordi Nicola. "Modified release of pharmaceutical dosage forms." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/7733.
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2010/2011During these three years, the research was focused on the preparation of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms with the aim to improve the dissolution behaviors and bioavailability of poor soluble drugs, or preparing sustained release systems for water-soluble drugs. In order to improve the bioavailability of poor soluble drugs, we adopted two strategies: 1) the micronization of the drug to increase their surface area, 2) preparing solid dispersions (SDs) using hydrophilic carrier. As known in the SDs the drug is dispersed or solubilized in an inert excipient or matrix where the active ingredient could exist in finely crystalline or amorphous state. When the system is exposed to aqueous media, the carrier dissolved and the drug is released as a very fine colloidal particles. This greatly reduction in particles size and the following surface area increase, results in an improvement of the dissolution rate. In addition to bioavailability enhancement, SDs systems were also directed towards the development of extender-release dosage forms using lipophilic carriers. For both the formulative approaches, we investigated the application of microwave (MW) and supercritical fluids (SCF) as preparative methods. In particular, MW ware employed for the preparation of solid dispersion either for immediate or sustained release of drugs, while SCF were investigated for the micronization and preparation of solid with the aim to prepare immediate release systems. Moreover, were investigated the thermodynamic aspect involved in the drug processing developing mathematical approaches able to predict the best operative conditions. Beside the preparation of these systems the physicochemical characterization of the compounds were investigated in order to understand the influence of the above technologies on the solid state of the materials. The goal of these behaviors was investigated trough the dissolution profile. From the obtained results these two technologies can be considered innovative and promising way to design particles.
XXIV Ciclo
1983
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Fritz, Florence. "Dosage de substrats par amplification enzymatique." Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10435.
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HOEHN, SYLVIE DOMINIQUE. "Methodes de dosage de la cyclosporine." Strasbourg 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR15047.
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Mille, Caroline. "Amélioration du dosage des protéines neurodégénératives par un contrôle des propriétés de surface du puits de dosage." Le Mans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEMA1036.
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Nombreuses sont aujourd’hui les maladies neurodégénératives (Creutzfelt-Jacob, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Lewis), c’est-à-dire touchant le système nerveux, dont la cause et la détection restent des sujets de recherches actuels. Ces maladies se traduisent par l’apparition, entre autre dans le système sanguin et nerveux, d’une protéine antigénique spécifique à chaque affection. Bien que les symptômes permettent leur détection, seule l’autopsie donne lieu à un diagnostic de certitude. En effet, la concentration de l’agent pathogène étant en quantité maximale lors du décès, la confirmation de la maladie n’est exacte que par analyses post-mortem. A l’heure actuelle, le dosage de l’antigène est réalisé à l’aide d’une méthode de détection immunoeznymologique appelée ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assays). Malgré son efficacité reconnue, cette méthode ne possède pas une sensibilité suffisante à la détection de la protéine antigénique en faible concentration, c’est-à-dire à un stade ante-mortem. Son efficacité dépend de la faculté d’attachement d’un anticorps primaire à la surface des supports de détection. De cette accroche dépend la capture de l’antigène. Pour se faire, une idée originale est de modifier la surface du matériau d’analyse sans changer ses propriétés intrinsèques. Ceci dans le but de les rendre biocompatibles et d’améliorer l’accroche de l’anticorps de capture sur la surface en la rendant plus spécifique tout en réduisant les adsorptions aspécifiques des autres biomolécules mises en jeu et responsables d’un bruit de fond parasite.
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MOUDDI, LAHCEN. "Comparaison de deux techniques de dosage de la ciclosporine a dans le sang : methode radioimmunologique et methode chromatographique." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15075.
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Camargo, Rafaela Ferraz de [UNESP]. "Avaliação da dose de radiação absorvida em exames radiológicos durante o planejamento radioterápico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113880.
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000794951.pdf: 1115711 bytes, checksum: 4c1e59b3111229911b6794fde269fab1 (MD5)A radioterapia é uma modalidade médica que emprega radiações ionizantes para o tratamento de doenças. O sucesso da terapêutica depende de vários fatores, dentre eles a liberação precisa da dose de radiação no volume tumoral e a perfeita reprodutibilidade diária das orientações prescritas na ficha técnica do paciente. A delimitação do campo de radiação, o qual deve abranger todo o tumor e permitir uma margem de segurança que considere a movimentação anatômica, é feita durante os procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico. Nesta etapa do tratamento, o médico radioterapeuta, auxiliado pelo físico médico e o tecnólogo em radiologia, utiliza técnicas radiográficas através de um sistema de escopia para visualização do volume alvo de irradiação, e realiza imagens radiográficas estáticas para documentação do caso clínico. Na rotina dos procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico, normalmente não é feita a quantificação da dose de radiação liberada no procedimento, devido principalmente à grande e exaustiva agenda de atividades dos profissionais envolvidos. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a dose de radiação liberada em exames radiológicos realizados durante o planejamento radioterápico, avaliando a influência desta dose no total de exposições em que o paciente foi submetido durante todo o curso da radioterapia. A pesquisa consistiu no acompanhamento dos procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico executadas no Serviço Técnico de Radioterapia da Faculdade de Medicina da UNESP de Botucatu, extraindo os valores das técnicas radiográficas empregas para diferentes planejamentos. Após a caracterização individualizada do planejamento, as técnicas radiográficas utilizadas em cada um dos casos clínicos, foram repetidas e as doses de radiação liberadas no procedimento foram quantificadas por meio de detectores de radiação específicos e calibrados para a energia dos raios-x de ...
Radiotherapy is a medical modality that uses ionizing radiation for the treatment of diseases. The treatment success depends on several factors, including the precise release of the radiation dose in the tumor volume and the perfect daily reproducibility of the guidelines prescribed in the technical sheet of the patient. The delimitation of the radiation field, which should cover the entire tumor and allow a safety margin that considers the anatomical movement, is taken during the procedures of the radiotherapy planning. At this stage of treatment, the radiotherapist physician, aided by the medical physicist and the technologist in radiology, utilizes radiographic techniques through a system of scopy to visualize the target volume of irradiation, and performs static radiographic images to document the clinical case. In the routine of the radiotherapy planning procedures, usually is not performed the quantification of the radiation dose released in the procedure, mainly due to the large and exhaustive schedule of activities of the professionals involved. In this study, was assessed the radiation dose released in radiological examinations performed during the radiotherapy planning, evaluating the influence of this dose in the exposures total in which the patient has undergone throughout the radiotherapeutic procedure. The research consisted in monitoring the radiotherapy planning procedures performed at UNESP, “Serviço Técnico de Radioterapia” of “Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu”, extracting the radiographic technique values used for different plannings. After the individualized characterization of the plannning, the radiographic techniques used in each clinical case, were repeated and the radiation doses released in the procedure were quantified by specific radiation detectors and they were calibrated to the energy of the simulation x-ray. It is concluded that the absorbed radiation dose, which ...
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Bolognini, Enio José [UNESP]. "Idealizações de um programa baseado em redes neurais para dosagem de concreto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144535.
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A produção de concreto está cada vez mais exigente. Medidas de prevenção e correção são empregadas na dosagem do concreto, gerando lucros e economia no preparo. A fim de obter economia e praticidade na dosagem de concretos, neste estudo foi desenvolvido, após a coleta de dados experimentais, a criação de rede neural artificial feedforward, utilizando algoritmo genético de retropropagação (backpropagation). A rede neural artificial (RNA) é composta de quatro camadas, entre entradas, pesos, bias, função de ativação sigmóide e saída desejada. O modelo conta com funções sigmoides, a fim de calcular e otimizar o erro através das camadas anteriores, até a entrada. Este modelo, por ser mais preciso, conta com certo momento e taxa de aprendizagem. A proposta da rede neural artificial (RNA) em feedforward, com o algoritmo genético de retropropagação (backpropagation), foi implementada em forma estrutural, e com uma interface gráfica, na qual o usuário final possa escolher a resistência desejada, tipo de cimento, tipo e dimensão de agregados graúdos, dimensão de agregados miúdos, tipo de concreto e aditivo, se for o caso de concretos de alta resistência (CAR). Nesta pesquisa, a coleta de dados, para armazenar no programa, foi realizada por meio de ensaios de caracterização dos materiais e de dosagem e resistência do concreto. A linguagem de programação Java foi utilizada para programar o algoritmo genético e a interface usuário. Foram realizados os testes e manutenção da ferramenta computacional, seguindo regras importantes no desenvolvimento de softwares. O resultado final, deste desenvolvimento, foi um software capaz de calcular a dosagem do concreto para o usuário, quando este insere valores de resistência à compressão axial desejada e o material que será usado na confecção do concreto.
The concrete production is increasingly demanding. preventive and corrective measures are used in concrete dosage, generating profits and savings in preparation. In order to achieve economy and practicality in the dosage of concrete in this study was developed after the collection of experimental data, the creation of artificial neural network feedforward using genetic algorithm backpropagation. The artificial neural network (ANN) is composed of four layers, between inputs, weights, biases, sigmoid activation functions and output desired. The model has sigmoid functions in order to calculate and optimize the error by the preceding layers, until the entrance. This model, to be more precise, has the right time and learning rate. The proposed artificial neural network (ANN) in feedforward, with the genetic algorithm backpropagation, was implemented in structural form, and with a graphical interface, in which the end user can choose the desired strength, cement type, and size of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates dimension, type of concrete and additives, if any of high strength concrete (CAR). In this research, data collection, to store the program, was carried out by means of characterization tests of materials and dosage and strength of concrete. The Java programming language was used to program the genetic algorithm and the user interface. testing and maintaining software tool were conducted following important rules in the software development. The end result of this development was an able to calculate the dosage of specific software for the user, when it enters resistance values to the desired axial compression and the material that will be used in the manufacture of concrete.
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Bolognini, Enio José. "Idealizações de um programa baseado em redes neurais para dosagem de concreto /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144535.
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Orientador: Maria da Consolação Fonseca de AlbuquerqueResumo: A produção de concreto está cada vez mais exigente. Medidas de prevenção e correção são empregadas na dosagem do concreto, gerando lucros e economia no preparo. A fim de obter economia e praticidade na dosagem de concretos, neste estudo foi desenvolvido, após a coleta de dados experimentais, a criação de rede neural artificial feedforward, utilizando algoritmo genético de retropropagação (backpropagation). A rede neural artificial (RNA) é composta de quatro camadas, entre entradas, pesos, bias, função de ativação sigmóide e saída desejada. O modelo conta com funções sigmoides, a fim de calcular e otimizar o erro através das camadas anteriores, até a entrada. Este modelo, por ser mais preciso, conta com certo momento e taxa de aprendizagem. A proposta da rede neural artificial (RNA) em feedforward, com o algoritmo genético de retropropagação (backpropagation), foi implementada em forma estrutural, e com uma interface gráfica, na qual o usuário final possa escolher a resistência desejada, tipo de cimento, tipo e dimensão de agregados graúdos, dimensão de agregados miúdos, tipo de concreto e aditivo, se for o caso de concretos de alta resistência (CAR). Nesta pesquisa, a coleta de dados, para armazenar no programa, foi realizada por meio de ensaios de caracterização dos materiais e de dosagem e resistência do concreto. A linguagem de programação Java foi utilizada para programar o algoritmo genético e a interface usuário. Foram realizados os testes e manutenção da ferramenta com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
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Camargo, Rafaela Ferraz de. "Avaliação da dose de radiação absorvida em exames radiológicos durante o planejamento radioterápico /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113880.
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Orientador: Batista de Oliveira JúniorCoorientador: Marco Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes
Banca: Vladimir Eliodoro da Costa
Banca: Vidal Haddad Júnior
Resumo: A radioterapia é uma modalidade médica que emprega radiações ionizantes para o tratamento de doenças. O sucesso da terapêutica depende de vários fatores, dentre eles a liberação precisa da dose de radiação no volume tumoral e a perfeita reprodutibilidade diária das orientações prescritas na ficha técnica do paciente. A delimitação do campo de radiação, o qual deve abranger todo o tumor e permitir uma margem de segurança que considere a movimentação anatômica, é feita durante os procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico. Nesta etapa do tratamento, o médico radioterapeuta, auxiliado pelo físico médico e o tecnólogo em radiologia, utiliza técnicas radiográficas através de um sistema de escopia para visualização do volume alvo de irradiação, e realiza imagens radiográficas estáticas para documentação do caso clínico. Na rotina dos procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico, normalmente não é feita a quantificação da dose de radiação liberada no procedimento, devido principalmente à grande e exaustiva agenda de atividades dos profissionais envolvidos. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a dose de radiação liberada em exames radiológicos realizados durante o planejamento radioterápico, avaliando a influência desta dose no total de exposições em que o paciente foi submetido durante todo o curso da radioterapia. A pesquisa consistiu no acompanhamento dos procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico executadas no Serviço Técnico de Radioterapia da Faculdade de Medicina da UNESP de Botucatu, extraindo os valores das técnicas radiográficas empregas para diferentes planejamentos. Após a caracterização individualizada do planejamento, as técnicas radiográficas utilizadas em cada um dos casos clínicos, foram repetidas e as doses de radiação liberadas no procedimento foram quantificadas por meio de detectores de radiação específicos e calibrados para a energia dos raios-x de ...
Abstract: Radiotherapy is a medical modality that uses ionizing radiation for the treatment of diseases. The treatment success depends on several factors, including the precise release of the radiation dose in the tumor volume and the perfect daily reproducibility of the guidelines prescribed in the technical sheet of the patient. The delimitation of the radiation field, which should cover the entire tumor and allow a safety margin that considers the anatomical movement, is taken during the procedures of the radiotherapy planning. At this stage of treatment, the radiotherapist physician, aided by the medical physicist and the technologist in radiology, utilizes radiographic techniques through a system of scopy to visualize the target volume of irradiation, and performs static radiographic images to document the clinical case. In the routine of the radiotherapy planning procedures, usually is not performed the quantification of the radiation dose released in the procedure, mainly due to the large and exhaustive schedule of activities of the professionals involved. In this study, was assessed the radiation dose released in radiological examinations performed during the radiotherapy planning, evaluating the influence of this dose in the exposures total in which the patient has undergone throughout the radiotherapeutic procedure. The research consisted in monitoring the radiotherapy planning procedures performed at UNESP, "Serviço Técnico de Radioterapia" of "Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu", extracting the radiographic technique values used for different plannings. After the individualized characterization of the plannning, the radiographic techniques used in each clinical case, were repeated and the radiation doses released in the procedure were quantified by specific radiation detectors and they were calibrated to the energy of the simulation x-ray. It is concluded that the absorbed radiation dose, which ...
Mestre
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Oudinet, Annie. "Les IgE, leur dosage par les méthodes "in vitro" : intérêt de ces dosages dans le bilan allergologique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P100.
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Dhliwayo, Evelyn Chengetanai. "The interactive effect of depressant type and dosage with frother dosage in the flotation of a PGE ore." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6732.
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The valuable components of the platinum group element (PGE) bearing ores of the Bushveld complex in South Africa constitute between 1 % and as little as 0.1 % of the total mass. In the processing of these ores by flotation, the naturally hydrophobic talc minerals cause over stable froths. The drainage of liquid and entrained particles is reduced thus the recovery of other gangue minerals by entrainment increases and grade decreases. In the rougher float depressants are added to produce a manageable froth and improve the grade by reducing the overall amount of the naturally floating gangue in the concentrates. Depending on dosage, depressants may also affect the recovery of the valuable minerals in the ore positively by slime cleaning or negatively by depression. Depression of stabilising gangue minerals such as talc decreases the froth stability and may also affect the recovery of valuables. Frothers are added to flotation systems to create stable froths. They increase the water layer around bubbles and the carrying capacity of the froth and thus recovery by entrainment. The drainage of entrained particles from the froth may be further increased by increasing the froth depth. This study investigated the interactive effects of depressant dosage and type, frother dosage and froth depth on the recovery and grade of copper and nickel sulphides, recovery of water, floatable and entrained gangue in the flotation of a Merensky ore. Since it is known that water recovery is closely related to froth stability it was used to infer froth stability in this study. Two types of depressants carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and guar gums which are usually used in the flotation of PGE bearing ores were used. The frother was Dow 250. Results showed that increasing either guar or CMC dosages from 50 to 100 g/t enhanced the recovery of copper and nickel sulphides. This was attributed to the slime cleaning action of the depressants and their stabilising effects. A further increase of dosage to 300 g/t decreased the recovery of copper and nickel indicating that depression of sulphides occurs at high depressant dosages. Both the use of guar and CMC depressants reduced the recovery of floatable gangue with increasing dosage as expected. The guar depressant showed greater depression ability at 50 g/t dosage than the CMC depressant while the CMC was more effective at 100 and 300 g/t dosage. Reduction of water recovery by the CMC depressant was greater than that of the guar depressant indicating that the CMC depressant had greater destabilising effects on the froth. It is known that the CMC depressant has a strong negative charge while the guar depressant is only slightly charged. The guar depressant may have caused aggregation of particles which has less destabilising effects than the dispersed particles in the presence of the CMC depressant. The froth recoveries showed that the effects of depressant and frother dosages counteract each other and that the decrease in the recovery of copper and nickel sulphides obtained at higher depressant dosages can be reversed by increasing frother dosage. However although increased frother dosage readily reverses the depressant effects, an increase of water and recovery by entrainment reduces the grade. The effect of depressant dosage increase on the water and froth stability is small in comparison to the effect of increased frother dosage. Thus for the levels tested the benefit of improved grade obtained by depressant addition would be lost. The increase of froth depth to reduce entrainment resulted in a reduction of the recoveries of the valuable minerals but with the desired increase in grade. Smaller increments of frother dosage are required to produce effective reversal of depressant effects on the recovery of valuable minerals to achieve a good overall flotation performance.
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Robson, Joanna Clare. "Gene dosage effect of the gammy mutation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444154.
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Coupe, Alastair John. "In vivo evaluation of oral dosage forms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315039.
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Devereux, Jane Elizabeth. "Gastrointestinal transit of multiple unit dosage forms." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319169.
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Hinkley, Craig S. (Craig Steven). "Gene Dosage Study on Human Chromosome 22." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500617/.
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A gene dosage study was conducted on a rare complete trisomy 22 human fibroblast cell line utilizing three lysosomal enzymes, ∝-iduronidase, ∝-galactosidase B, and arylsulfatase A, whose genes are located on chromosome 22 and two control enzymes, ,β-hexosaminidase A and -- fucosidase, with genes not on chromosome 22. A gene dosage effect was clearly demonstrated for an early passage number of the fibroblasts; however, later passage numbers gave inconclusive results. This study suggests that gene dosage studies must be carefully designed to be conducted only on early, matched passage number cells. ∝-fucosidase gave anomalous results most likely due to pleiotropic effects. The present gene dosage study confirmed the trisomic nature of the cell line studied and suggests that this type of study may be a useful diagnostic tool for small deletions, additions, or unbalanced translocations.
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Vals, Fae͏̈rber Eric. "Dosage des médicaments par polarisation de fluorescence." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P024.
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Udrea, Isabelle. "Dosage des coumarines dans les milieux biologiques." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P236.
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Capdeville, Isabelle. "Méthodes analytiques de dosage de l'hémoglobine glycosylée." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P129.
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Lavielle, Patricia. "Dosage de l'arsenic dans les milieux biologiques." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P081.
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PORTUGAL, HENRI. "Dosage spectrofluorimetrique de quatre corticoides anti-inflammatoires." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22976.
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Fasci, Giuseppe Carmine. "CFD modelling of Retention Aids Dosage Nozzles." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98660.
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The objective of this project is to design, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a set of retention aid dosage nozzles that minimize shear levels during their operation. This includes the effect of dosage nozzle size, contour and dosage velocity - absolute and relative to the stock flow. As a starting point, the three different dosage nozzles currently implemented on the Innventia FEX paper-machine have been studied using CFD. Problem areas, defined as regions of high viscous and/or turbulent shear, with these designs should be identified, and solutions to their improvement have been realized. The computational models considered here include non Newtonian models of the retention aid solution, as well as turbulent modeling of the stock flow. Novel configurations have been implemented which attempt to minimize the strain rate and shear stress during dosage and at the same time improve the mixing quality of the retention aid polymers. While the velocity of the side jet is determined to be the main cause of high strain rates and shear stresses, a good mixing can be reached by varying the position of the nozzles and the diameter penetrating the stock flow. The best compromise of mixing and shear stress has been reached with a triple side-wall nozzles configuration.
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Laru, Katri Johanna. "Design of films for oral dosage formulations." Thesis, Aston University, 2009. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15339/.
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A novel method for tablet coating was studied where a thin polymer film was cast (pre-formed film), dried and applied as a coating hence eliminating the need for using any solvent during the actual coating process. A pre-formed film is initially heating to a temperature where it becomes flexible, a vacuum is applied and the film is then pulled around the tablet. The proposed films (gelatine or cellulose-based) were characterised in terms of their dissolution, swelling, mechanical and thermal properties prior to using them in the novel coating process; selected films were then coated onto tablets containing paracetamol or ibuprofen and the effect of the film on the subsequent dissolution was evaluated. It was found that the pre-formed films could be designed to be fast dissolving and mechanically strong to withstand the stress from the coating process. Also metoclopramide was incorporated in a gelatine film-coating formulation which was then successfully coated on paracetamol-containing core. Gelatin-based films were found to be successful in the novel coating process therefore to be suitable as finished coatings for immediate release dosage forms. Orally disintegrating dosage forms have been identified as a favourable dosage form due to the following reasons: fast onset of drug release, easy to use, not painful and possible increase of amount absorbed to systemic circulation. Selected films formulated for coating studies were also successfully formulated to contain active ingredient suitable for orally disintegrating dosage form; cellulose-based naratriptan-films were studied as orally disintegrating dosage forms of where the effect of formulation on the film properties was studied. It was found that strength of the film can affect the dissolution of the film but it may be the inclusion of specific excipients in the formulation which affect the penetration of the drug through mucosa.
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Richert, Adam. "Developing a Portable System for Medicine Dosage." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235738.
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The project presented in this report is set out to develop a portable electronic system to be used as a medicine pill container. With the functionality to configure up to twelve daily repeated alarms, the purpose of the medicine dosage system is first and foremost to remind the user when they should take their medicine. Secondly, LED lights and user-recorded voice notifications are to be implemented to further aid the user in taking the right medicine each time. The device is also to have a memory log, recording up to one hundred missed dosages, enabling an authorized medicine professional to verify the medicine adherence of the user.Prior to the start of the project, an outline for the functionality and physical appearance of the device was set by the project owner, Victrix AB. This project covers the hardware and software development, as well as the design choices within. The aim is to follow the proposed functionality specification as close as possible, while making justified hardware and software choices considering simplicity, efficiency, power consumption, and availability. By following the specification, the goal is ultimately to increase the medicine adherence for users of the device developed with this thesis.Using qualitative research methods, a valid background study was created, preceding the development of the medicine dosage system. Hardware for a first prototype of the device was then chosen based on the gathered information about existing technologies and related work. With thorough testing and recurrent information exchange with the client, a prototype of the medicine dosage system, based on an Arduino microcontroller, was constructed. The prototype was evaluated to fulfill 92% of the requirements considered as high priority by Victrix.Projektet som presenteras i denna rapport är tänkt att utveckla ett portabelt elektroniskt system för användning som en medicinsk pillerbehållare. Med funktionaliteten att konfigurera upp till tolv dagligen upprepande alarm är syftet med medicindoseringssystemet först och främst att påminna användaren när de ska ta sin medicin. Lysdioder och användarens egna inspelade röst som notifikationer ska implementeras för att vidare hjälpa användaren att ta rätt medicin vid varje tillfälle. Enheten ska också ha en minneslogg som sparar upp till etthundra missade doseringar, vilket gör det möjligt för auktoriserad sjukvårdspersonal att verifiera användarens följsamhet till medicineringen.En översiktlig beskrivning av funktionaliteten samt det fysiska utseendet av enheten skrevs av projektägaren Victrix AB innan projektet startades. Det som detta projekt täcker är hårdvaruoch mjukvaruutvecklingen, så väl som där tillhörande designval. Projektet siktar på att följa den föreslagna funktionalitetsspecifikationen så nära som möjligt, och samtidigt göra välgrundade val för hårdoch mjukvara med enkelhet, effektivitet, energiförbrukning och tillgänglighet i åtanke. Genom att följa specifikationen är det slutliga målet att frambringa ökad medicinföljsamhet för användare av den med det här projektet utvecklade enheten.Utvecklingen av medicindoseringssystemet föregicks av en befogad bakgrundsstudie utformad genom användningen av kvalitativa forskningsmetoder. Hårdvara att användas för en första prototyp av enheten valdes sedan baserat på den insamlade informationen om existerande teknologier och relaterat arbete. Genom grundliga tester och regelbundet informationsutbyte med kunden konstruerades en prototyp av medicindoseringssystemet baserat på en Arduinomikrokontroller. Prototypen utvärderades att uppfylla 92% av kraven som Victrix ansåg vara av hög prioritet.
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Czerminski, Jan T. "Modeling Down Syndrome Neurodevelopment with Dosage Compensation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1037.
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Due to their underlying genetic complexity, chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome (DS), which is caused by trisomy 21, have long been understudied and continue to lack effective treatments. With over 200 genes on the extra chromosome, even the specific cell pathologies and pathways impacted in DS are not known, and it has not been considered a viable target for the burgeoning field of gene therapy. Recently, our lab demonstrated that the natural mechanism of dosage compensation can be harnessed to silence the trisomic chromosome in pluripotent cells. Using an inducible XIST transgene allows us to study the effects of trisomy in a tightly controlled system by comparing the same cells with either two or three active copies of chromosome 21. In addition, it raises the prospect that insertion of a single gene into a trisomic chromosome could potentially be developed in the future for “chromosome therapy”.
This thesis aims to utilize this inducible system for dosage compensation to study the neurodevelopmental effects of trisomy 21 in vitro, and to answer basic epigenetic questions critical to the viability of chromosome silencing as a therapeutic approach. Foremost, for XIST to have any prospect as a therapeutic, and to strengthen its experimental utility, it must be able to initiate chromosome silencing beyond its natural context of pluripotency. Here I demonstrate that, contrary to the current literature, XIST is capable of initiating chromosome silencing in differentiated cells and producing fully dosage compensated DS neurons. Additionally, I show that silencing of the trisomic chromosome in neural stem cells enhances their terminal differentiation to neurons, and transcriptome analysis provides evidence of a specific pathway involved. Separate experiments utilize novel three-dimensional organoid technology and transcriptome analysis to model DS neurodevelopment in relation to isogenic euploid cells. Overall, this work demonstrates that dosage compensation provides a powerful experimental tool to examine early DS neurodevelopment, and establishes that XIST function does not require pluripotency, thereby overcoming a perceived obstacle to the potential of XIST as a therapeutic strategy for trisomy.
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Lambin, Xavier. "Dosage du calcium intracellulaire par microélectrodes spécifiques." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P083.
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Marconi, Séverine. "Dosage de l'activité endoprotéolytique de neurotoxines clostridiales." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20690.
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L’utilisation croissante des neurotoxines botuliques comme agents thérapeutiques et cosmétiques mais aussi le risque qu’elles constituent en tant qu’armes biologiques potentielles nécessitent l’élaboration de nouveaux tests de détection de leur activité protéolytique in vitro, pour remplacer à terme le test de référence de létalité in vivo chez la souris. Un dosage in vitro de l’activité des BoNT/B par résonance plasmonique de surface (SPR, mis au point par Ferracci et al. En 2005, est basé sur la quantification directe de la VAMP2, protéine des vésicules synaptiques, par son immuno-capture sur des anticorps spécifiques immobilisés sur la sensor chip. Ce test est 200 fois plus sensible et jusqu’à 25 fois plus rapide que le test de référence in vivo. Le clivage de la VAMP2 des vésicules synaptiques par la BoNT/B a été estimé par SPR, ELISA et cytométrie de flux. Les EC50 déterminés sont similaires entre les trois méthodes alors que l’analyse SPR est beaucoup plus rapide et économique. D’autre part, les VS constituent un substrat très robuste, lyophilisable, permettant de détecter l’activité enzymatique de la BoNT/B dans des milieux complexes. L’utilisation d’un protocole d’immunoisolation de la BoNT/B dans le sérum rend le test 30 fois plus sensible que la méthode in vivo. Nous avons développé une méthode SPR permettant la quantification de protéines de la membrane plasmique et le dosage de l’activité de la BoNT/A. Des antigènes membranaires intracytoplasmiques, dont la SNAP-25 (cible de la BoNT/A), ont été dosés sans solubilisation avec une sensibilité de l’ordre du picogramme. En utilisant un anticorps reconnaissant spécifiquement la SNAP-25 clivée par la BoNT/A, nous avons établi une méthode de dosage rapide et sensible de ce sérotype. La méthode a été appliquée au dosage de l’activité de la BoNT/A dans des cultures cellulaires en 24 ou 96 puitsNeurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles fuse in a calcium-dependent manner with the plasma membrane to release their content into the synaptic cleft. VAMP2, a synaptic vesicle membrane protein, interacts with SNAP-25 and syntaxin1 localized on the plasma membrane. These proteins, called SNAREs, assemble into a heterotrimeric complex that brings the vesicle and the plasma membranes into close apposition. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most toxic biological substances known, inhibit synaptic neurotransmission by cleaving SNAREs. There are seven BoNT serotypes named A to G of which BoNT/ B and F cleave VAMP2 and BoNT/A and E cleave SNAP-25. The increasing use of BoNTs as therapeutic and cosmetic agents, but also the threat they constitute as potential bioweapons, highlight the need for development of in vitro assays to detect their endoproteolytic activity. These alternative methods should replace the mouse bioassay which is the current reference method. An in vitro assay for the detection of the catalytic activity of BoNT/B and F has been developed by Ferracci et al. In 2005. It is based on the direct quantification of synaptic vesicle proteins, in particular VAMP2, by their immuno-capture on specific antibodies immobilized on the sensor chip surface. For BoNT/B, this test was shown to be 200 times more sensitive and up to 25 times faster than the reference in vivo toxicity test in mice. Using synaptic vesicles as a substrate, a comparison of the EC50s for BoNT/B obtained by SPR, ELISA or flow cytometry indicated similar sensitivity although SPR assays were more rapid and economical. We also showed that synaptic vesicles are a robust substrate, that can be lyophilized, allowing the detection of BoNT/B activity in complex media. With an immunoisolation step of BoNT/B from serum, the assay was shown to be 30 times more sensitive than the mouse bioassay. We developed an SPR-based method allowing the quantification of plasma membrane proteins and the detection of BoNT/A activity. Sonication of brain or neuronal cultures generated plasma membrane fragments with accessible intra-cellular epitopes adapted to analysis by SPR. SPR responses were proportional to antigen concentration permitting detection of as little as 4 pM SNAP-25 in crude lysates. BoNT/A activity was assayed using monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize a SNAP-25 epitope generated by the proteolytic action of the toxin. The SPR biosensor method was sensitive enough to monitor BoNT/A and B activity in cells cultured in a 96-well format and could favourably replace time-consuming techniques for the measurement of toxin activity
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Duchenne, Cécile. "Dosages des alcaloi͏̈des de l'opium par CLHP et application au dosage de la codéine dans une spécialité pharmaceutique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P138.
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Le, Roux Jacques. "The analysis of radiation-induced micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes for purpose of biological dosimetry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27038.
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In the investigation of radiation accidents, it is of great importance to estimate the dose absorbed by exposed persons in order to plan their therapy. Although occasionally in these situations physical dose measurements are possible, most often biological methods are required for dose estimation. The aim of this investigation was to assess the suitability of the cytokinesis blocked (CB) micronucleus assay as a biodosimetric method using lymphocytes irradiated in vivo. The approach adopted to achieve this was to estimate whole body doses by relating micronuclei yields in patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment with an in vitro radiation dose-response curve. These biologically derived estimates were then compared with the corresponding doses obtained by physical measurement and calculation. As a first approach a study was performed of the in vitro dose-response of gamma-ray induced micronuclei following cytokinesis-block in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood samples obtained from 4 healthy donors. The results indicated that the distribution of the induced micronuclei were overdispersed. Furthermore, a linear dose-response relationship was established when a curve was fitted to the data by an iteratively reweighted least squares method. By means of an analysis of covariance it was demonstrated that this result is in agreement with the dose-response relationships found by various other workers (Fenech et al., 1985; Fenech et al., 1986; Fenech et al., 1989; Balasem et al., 1992, and Slabbert, 1993). To assess the suitability and accuracy of dose assessment using the CB micronucleus assay for in vivo exposure of lymphocytes, blood samples obtained from 8 patients undergoing radiotherapy before, during and after treatment were examined. The physical doses of these patients were determined according to conventional radiation treatment plans and cumulative dose-volume histograms. The dose-volume histograms permitted calculation of integral doses and subsequently the estimate of equivalent whole-body doses. The results of the CB micronucleus assay applied to peripheral blood lymphocytes of 6 patients undergoing fractionated partial-body irradiation showed a dose-related increase in micronucleus frequency in each of the patients studied. This demonstrated that micronuclei analysis may serve as a quantitative biological measure of such exposures. The pooled data of these patients compared to the pooled data of the healthy donors show that there was no statistically significant difference between in vitro and in vivo results, however a slightly lower induced micronuclei frequency was observed after in vivo exposure. When the biological dose estimates for equivalent whole-body doses obtained from the in vitro dose response curve were compared with calculated physical doses, it was found that: biologically estimated dose = 0.936 physical dose. However, there was inadequate statistical evidence to discard the hypothesis that the gradient of the equation was equal to one. Therefore, the analysis of micronuclei induced in lymphocytes in vivo yields highly quantitative information on the equivalent whole-body dose. The negative binomial method was used for analysing the micronucleus data from two patients who received single, relatively larger tumour doses of 10 Gy each, with the objective to obtain estimates of the exposed body fraction and the dose to this fraction. The dose estimates to the irradiated volume were found to be within 30% of the physical tumour dose. The irradiated volume estimates seemed to be higher than the physically calculated volumes but by discarding the correction for the loss of cells due to interphase death the agreement was good between the physically and biologically determined integral doses. This study has revealed that the CB micronucleus assay appears to offer a reliable, consistent and relatively rapid biological method of whole body dose estimation. It is recognised that further corroborative work using the techniques described in this thesis is required for estimating localized exposure.
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Rose, Leburn. "A computer based model for the simulation of platelet dosage size and platelet dosage interval in patients with stable thrombocytopenia." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288172.
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Gaillard, Delphine. "L'ostéocalcine : marqueur de la formation osseuse : problèmes analytiques du dosage de l'ostéocalcine illustrés par l'expertise d'une nouvelle trousse de dosage." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P131.
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Li, Zezheng. "Estimating Minimum Effective Dose in Dose Response Studies." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LiZ2009.pdf.
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Fauth, Torsten. "Interaction of the dosage compensation complex with DNA." kostenfrei, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000475670/34.
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Fauth, Torsten. "Interaction of the Dosage Compensation Complex with DNA." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-111107.
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Pope, Christopher E., and n/a. "Campylobacter jejuni : virulence, dosage, survival, and colonisation characteristics." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.141243.
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In a previous study, twenty-five flaA types were detected among 200 Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from clinical and poultry meat sources.
The most common flaA type detected among poultry isolates was flaA-3 at a frequency of 23%. In contrast, flaA-3 constituted 5% of the clinical isolates. FlaA-15 was detected most frequently among clinical isolates (31%) but rarely among poultry isolates (5%). Purchasers of poultry meat were therefore commonly exposed to flaA-3 yet most of the human infections were due to flaA type 15. The prevalence of different flaA types in poultry and humans might have been due to: FlaA-15 was more virulent for humans than flaA-3 (infection more likely to result). There were more C. jejuni flaA-15 cells on poultry meat (dose effect). Better survival of flaA-15 cells when freeze/thawed or when stored at +4�C (survival in kitchen). Ecological performance of flaA-3 strains in chicken gut better than that of flaA-15 (more flaA -3 cells in gut therefore greater chance of carcass contamination)?
Eleven strains representing flaA types 3, 13, and 15 were tested for their ability to invade cultured human epithelial cells (HEp-2). Invasiveness was considered to reflect virulence. FlaA-15 isolates were more invasive in comparison to flaA-3 and flaA-13 isolates (p<0.0001).
Washings from chicken portions were cultured to enumerate Campylobacter cells present on the meat. C. jejuni isolates were flaA typed and the numbers were related to FlaA type. A correlation was not detected.
The eleven representative strains were used to inoculate 1 cm� sections of chicken skin which were stored at -20�C or +4�C over a five day period. The samples stored at -20�C were thawed and held either overnight at 25�C, overnight at +4�C or for thirty minutes at 25�C. The numbers of viable Campylobacter cells on the sections were determined. Survival ability differed from strain to strain but was not associated with flaA type.
The most invasive C. jejuni strain (T1016; flaA-15) and the least invasive strain (Pstau; flaA-3) were assessed for their ability to colonise the intestinal tract of one-day-old chicks. The dynamics of colonisation, after inoculation of the birds with pure cultures or with mixtures, was monitored by real-time quantitative PCR. Strain-specific primers based on the variable region of the nucleotide base sequence of flaA genes were derived for this work. This enabled the individual strains to be enumerated in gut contents from colonized chickens. Both strains could colonise the chick intestinal tract but C. jejuni strain T1016 (flaA-15) could competitively exclude PStau (flaA-3).
It was concluded that the higher prevalence of flaA-15 strains among the clinical isolates was due to its higher virulence for humans. In other words, despite a low prevalence of flaA-15 on poultry meat, infection was more likely to result when C. jejuni flaA-15 cells were consumed.
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Arjmandi, Mosayyeb. "Gas hydrate control by low dosage hydrate inhibitors." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2069.
Full textAbstract:
Gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline compounds, which form through a combination of water and suitably sized' guest' molecules under low temperature and elevated pressure conditioiJ.s. The formation of gas hydrates in subsea pipelines can cause pipeline blockage, resulting in serious economic and safety issues. Gas hydrate formation is generally prevented by employment of so-called 'thermodynamic inhibitors', which include salts and organic compounds such as methanol and ethylene glycol. However, the use of thermodynamic inhibitors can 'become uneconomical when high concentrations are required and/or water cut is high. There are also important associated issues with respect to inhibitor recovery and environmental damage. In the light of this, other methods for hydrate prevention such as making use of natural hydrate inhibitors in oil systems and application of a new family of hydrate inhibitors, - . termed 'Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors' (LDHI), are becoming attractive options. In this work both methods have been addressed by investigating the primary mechanism and the parameters involved in hydrate inhibition by the mentioned methods, using novel experimental techniques, and an in-house hydrate model. It is known- that water/oil (W/O) emulsions can reduce gas hydrate blockage risks. Natural surfactants such as asphaltenes and resins in the oil are commonly identified as the agents responsible for stabilising W/O emulsions. In this work, it was shown that oil properties, mixing rate and mixing history, water content, and operational conditions ,- (e.g. pressure) play significant role in reducing hydrate blockage risks in oil/water _systems. The effect of mixing rate on the induction time before hydrate formation was shown to be a function of system mixing history (degree of emulsification of water in oil). Before formation of stable emulsion, the induction time increased with mixing rate. However after formation of stable water/oil emulsion induction time was not a strong function of the mixing rate. Water content found to be the most important factor in controlling the risk. It was shown that for the oils tested, water cuts up to 20% do not pose any risk of blockage in the system tested while at 30% water cut a low dosage hydrate inhibitor will be needed for preventing hydrate blockage. A novel experimental set up (Glass Micromodel set-up) was used to obtain visual information regarding the state of water oil emulsion, size of water droplets in the emulsion, hydrates particle size and morphology and distribution of different phases in the system. The results showed that heavier components in the oil phase are attracted on gas hydrate crystals formed in a water foil emulsion (the oil surrounding the hydrate particles became brighter and more transparent). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that at static condition the agglomeration of hydrate particles appears to be easier than in flowing conditions in the Micromodel set-up. That was in line with the results obtained from the kinetic rig tests (where long shut-in times resulted in stirrer blockage). The principal limitation to curren~ Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI) design techniques is a lack of verified molecular mechanisms for LDHI activity. In the framework of a jo~nt project between Heriot-Watt and Warwick Universities, a new approach has been used in the design and testing of new LDHIs. Chemicals designed using molecular dynamic simulation were subsequently synthesised (Warwick University) and tested using novel experimental techniques under simulated offshore pipeline conditions to evaluate their potential for use in offshore operations and factors affecting their performance and to study primary mechanism of hydrate inhibition (Heriot-Watt University). The new KHIs showed mild hydrate inhjbition erfect. In natural gas-water system, their performance was not as good as conventional i
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Wessels, Johanna Christina. "International pharmacopoeia monographs : antimalarial dosage forms / J.C. Wessels." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4920.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria is a disease affecting millions of people in 109 malarious countries and
territories, causing approximately one million deaths annually. In 2004 one of the
parasites causing human malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, was among the leading
global causes of death from a single infectious agent, especially in Africa (WHO,
2008:23).
Treatment of this disease with single active pharmaceutical ingredients has led to the
emergence of resistant P. falciparum parasites, resulting in the most severe form of
this illness. Alarmingly, the poor quality of commercially available antimalarial
products, especially in Africa, has increasingly been reported as a major cause of
resistance to antimalarials. In Pakistan it was found that a P. falciparum epidemic
that initially was attributed to drug resistance, was actually caused by substandard
sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine products, causing a 50 times higher incidence of malaria
in these areas than elsewhere (Leslie et al., 2009:1758). Other results indicated that
up to 10% of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine tablets, sampled in six African countries,
failed the assay test, whilst up to 40% failed the USP dissolution test. Furthermore,
the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 20 - 90% of products failed
quality requirements during 1999 and 2000 in seven African countries (WHO,
2003:263).
Cases like these have raised the awareness of the vast number of inferior products
that are being distributed. The subsequent need for establishing mechanisms to proactively
detect substandard medicines, specifically antimalarials, easily and
effectively had indirectly led to the origin of this study, long before it was formally
undertaken.
Testing monographs for pharmaceutical products are developed to formalise, or
standardise, the regulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Problems have,
however, been reported with regards to the inadequacy of existing antimalarial
monographs in assuring quality medicines, fit for their intended use. The WHO had requested the Research Institute for Industrial Pharmacy,
incorporating the Centre for Quality Assurance of Medicines (RIIP®/CENQAM®), both
operating at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North–West University, to develop
monographs for three immediate–release antimalaria dosage forms, namely
amodiaquine tablets, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine fixed–dose combination tablets and
mefloquine tablets. The undertaking of these projects, to develop specifications for
the quality control of these pharmaceutical products, formed the object of this
research study.
Data had been accumulated since 2000, as a result of continuous requests by the
WHO to help solve problems that had been experienced with analytical test
methods, especially from manufacturers. These requests either led to the refinement
of existing methods, or to the development of new ones. The success with
which these outcomes were implemented worldwide, finally led to the decision to
publish these research findings under the umbrella of this project.
The proud product is a comprehensive package of tests for three commercial
antimalarial products, the outcomes of which are hoped to contribute towards the
combat against resistance formation to these important disease fighters.Thesis (Ph.D. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Van, De Pette Mathew. "Effect of altered Cdkn1c dosage in adipose tissue." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/43525/.
Full textAbstract:
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process in which the instructions for gene activation or gene silencing are initiated in the germline by DNA methylation. Many imprinted genes play key roles regulating fetal growth and placental development. In addition to their prenatal roles, several imprinted genes have been shown to play significant roles postnatally in particularly with respect to regulating behaviour and metabolism. Cdkn1c, a maternally expressed imprinted gene, codes for the p57Kip2 protein which is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, belonging to the same CIP/KIP family as p21 and p27. Cdkn1c was shown to be expressed and imprinted in a small population of cells within post natal iBAT and rWAT. Using both loss-of-function and gain-in-expression models, a critical and dosage-related function for Cdkn1c in brown adipogenesis was identified, through Prdm16 and C/ebpβ. Consistent with an increase in mitochondrial uncoupling, mice that over-expressed Cdkn1c were found to be protected against diet- and age-induced obesity, in a dosage dependent manner. Cdkn1c may therefore represent a novel route towards obesity therapy and corroborates the hypothesis that the brown adipose tissue may represent a key area of genomic conflict in mammals.