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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dosage

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Academic literature on the topic 'Dosage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Dosage"

1

McFarlane, G. A., and R. J. Beamish. "Selection of Dosages of Oxytetracycline for Age Validation Studies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-108.

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Oxytetracycline (OTC), injected to mark the otoliths of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), causes mortality directly in proportion to the dosage administered. The selection of an appropriate dosage requires minimizing mortality while maximizing the number of fish that have a usable OTC mark. Laboratory studies could not be used to determine appropriate dosages. Dosages that substantially increased mortality in the ocean did not cause any mortality in the laboratory. For sablefish, we recommend a dosage of 25–35 mg OTC/kg fish.

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Dodson, W. Edwin, Marc Kamin, Lesley Kraut, William H. Olson, and Shu-Chen Wu. "Topiramate Titration to Response: Analysis of Individualized Therapy Study (TRAITS)." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 5 (May 2003): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c133.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between baseline seizure frequency and stabilized topiramate dosage and the effect of individualized treatment on tolerability in adults with partial-onset seizures receiving other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). METHODS: In this 20-week, open-label trial, dosages of medications were adjusted according to clinical response. Dosage and seizure response data were analyzed for 2 groups defined by baseline seizure frequency: <4 and ≥4 seizures per month. RESULTS: In the outcome evaluable population (n = 471), the mean ± SEM stable topiramate dosage was 303 ± 139 mg/d when baseline seizure frequency was <4 seizures/month and 341 ± 153 mg/d when baseline seizure frequency was ≥4 seizures/month (p = 0.005). The most common adverse events were somnolence (8.5%), fatigue (7.3%), nausea (5.3%), and dizziness (5.0%). Cognitive complaints were reported by <3% of patients. When concomitant AED dosages were reduced, 14% of patients discontinued topiramate due to adverse events compared with 23% if the concomitant AED dosage was unchanged or increased. CONCLUSIONS: When clinicians individualize topiramate dosage according to clinical response, the stabilized topiramate dosage as add-on therapy is influenced by baseline seizure frequency. Topiramate tolerability is improved when dosages of concomitant AEDs are reduced.

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Elias, Gracieli Prado, Cristina Antoniali, and Ronaldo Célio Mariano. "Comparative study of rules employed for calculation of pediatric drug dosage." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 2 (June 2005): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000200004.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of Clark's, Salisbury and Penna's rules and the Body Surface Area (BSA) formula for calculation of pediatric drug dosage, as well as their reliability and viability in the clinical use. These rules are frequently cited in the literature, but much controversy still exists with regards to their use. The pediatric drug dosage was calculated by utilization of the aforementioned rules and using the drugs Paracetamol, Dipyrone, Diclofenac Potassium, Nimesulide, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin, widely employed in Pediatric Dentistry. Weight and body surface areas were considered of children with ages between 1 and 12 years old as well as the dosage for the adult. The pediatric dosages achieved were compared to the predetermined dosages in mg kg-1 herein-named standard dosages. The results were submitted to the parametric test ANOVA and to the Tukey test (p<0,05). The antibiotics and Diclofenac provides acceptable utilization of the rules in pediatric dentistry, however for the Dipyrone, the dosages obtained by the rules suggest their clinical ineffectiveness. For the Paracetamol, the Penna's rule and the BSA formula should not be clinically employed, especially for children between 1 and 5 years old, once such dosages were much close to the hepatotoxic dosage of the drug. It can be concluded that the use of the rules for safe calculation of the pediatric drug dosage is possible and it depends on the used drug and age group.

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Lu, Shijian, Jiajia Cheng, Zhipeng Zhu, Luchao Yan, Yang Wang, Lingling Xu, and Min Deng. "Study on the Influence of Waste Rock Wool on the Properties of Cement Mortar under the Dual Fiber Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers and Steel Fibers." Materials 17, no. 14 (July 10, 2024): 3416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17143416.

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In this paper, the effect of waste rock-wool dosage on the workability, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, toughness and hydration products of PVA and steel fiber-reinforced mortars was investigated. The results showed that the fluidity of the mortar gradually decreased with the increase in the dosage of waste rock wool, with a maximum reduction of 10% at a dosage of 20%. The higher the dosage of waste rock wool, the greater the reduction in compressive strength. The effect of waste rock wool on strength reduction decreases with increasing age. When the dosage of waste rock wool was 10%, the 28 days of flexural and compressive strengths were reduced by 4.73% and 10.59%, respectively. As the dosage of waste rock wool increased, the flexural-to-compressive ratio increased, and at 20%, the maximum value of 28 days of flexural-to-compressive ratio was 0.210, which was increased by 28.05%. At a 5% dosage, the abraded volume was reduced from 500 mm3 to 376 mm3—a reduction of 24.8%. Waste rock wool only affects the hydration process and does not cause a change in the type of hydration products. It promotes the hydration of the cementitious material system at low dosages and exhibits an inhibitory effect at high dosages.

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5

Pinto Junior, Airton Rodrigues, Luiz Alberto Kozlowski, and André Luís Lopes da Silva. "Control of Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) in the soybean culture with different insecticides." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 2, no. 4 (December 16, 2011): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v2n4.junior.

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The aim of this research was to test the efficacy of different insecticides, and dosage against Pseudoplusia includens in the soybean culture. The treatments were: (1) alphacypermethrin + teflubenzuron, (2) teflubenzuron, (3) diflubenzuron and (4) profenophos + lufenuron, in different doses. All the insecticides tested in this research presented high efficacy on the control of Pseudoplusia includens in the soybean culture. These insecticides and dosages were: (1) mixture of alphacypermethrin and teflubenzuron at dosages from 9.0 to 11.25 g a.i.ha-1, (2) teflubenzuron at dosage from 6 to 12 g a.i.ha-1, (3) diflubenzuron at dosage from 10 to 20 g a.i.ha-1 and (4) the mixture profenophos and lufenuron at dosage 75.0 and 7.5 g a.i.ha-1, respectively. All these insecticides after 15 days of application promote 100% dead caterpillars. None these insecticides decrease soybean yield.

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Walker, Robert D., Gary E. Stein, Joseph G. Hauptman, and Kathleen H. MacDonald. "Pharmacokinetic evaluation of enrofloxacin administered orally to healthy dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 2315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.12.2315.

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Summary Enrofloxacin was administered orally to 6 healthy dogs at dosages of approximately 2.75, 5.5, and 11 mg/kg of body weight, every 12 hours for 4 days, with a 4-week interval between dosage regimens. Serum and tissue cage fluid (tcf) concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured after the first and seventh treatments. The mean peak serum concentration occurred between 1 and 2.5 hours after dosing. Peak serum concentrations increased with increases in dosage. For each dosage regimen, there was an accumulation of enrofloxacin between the first and seventh treatment, as demonstrated by a significant (P = 0.001) increase in peak serum concentrations. The serum elimination half-life increased from 3.39 hours for the 2.75 mg/kg dosage to 4.94 hours for the 11 mg/kg dosage. Enrofloxacin accumulated slowly into tcf, with peak concentrations being approximately 58% of those of serum. The time of peak tcf concentrations occurred between 3.8 hours and 5.9 hours after drug administration, depending on the dosage and whether it was after single or multiple administrations. Compared with serum concentrations (area under the curvetcf/area under the curveserum), the percentage of enrofloxacin penetration into tcf was 85% at a dosage of 2.75 mg/kg, 83% at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg, and 88% at a dosage of 11 mg/kg. All 3 dosage regimens of enrofloxacin induced continuous serum and tcf concentrations greater than the minimal concentration required to inhibit 90% (mic90) of the aerobic and facultative anaerobic clinical isolates tested, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only the 11 mg/kg dosage regimen provided continuous serum and tcf concentrations that exceeded the mic90 for P aeruginosa isolates; whereas none of the dosages induced serum or tcf concentrations greater than the mic90 of the obligate anaerobic bacteria tested.

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7

Haas, Ken. "Dosage." Chest 138, no. 6 (December 2010): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-2875.

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Sur, S., J. Lam, P. Bouchard, A. Sigounas, D. Holbert, and W. J. Metzger. "Immunomodulatory effects of IL-12 on allergic lung inflammation depend on timing of doses." Journal of Immunology 157, no. 9 (November 1, 1996): 4173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.9.4173.

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Abstract We investigated the effects of IL-12 on a murine model of allergic lung inflammation. Administration of IL-12 was timed to interfere with either allergic sensitization (early dosage) or the hypersensitivity inflammatory response in the lung (late dosage), or both (early and late dosages). Comparisons of IL-12- and PBS-treated animals within each treatment group revealed several noticeable effects of IL-12. Early dosage, and the combination of early and late dosages, strikingly decreased ragweed-specific serum IgE, tracheal ring reactivity to acetylcholine, and BAL eosinophilia following allergen challenge. In contrast, late dosage had no effect on IgE levels and only a minimal effect on tracheal ring reactivity, but had a modest effect on recruitment of eosinophils. Early dosage down-regulated IL-5 and IL-10, but did not alter IL-4 or IFN-gamma expression. Late dosage down-regulated IL-5, up-regulated IL-10 and IFN-gamma, but did not change IL-4 expression. The combination of early and late dosage down-regulated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 expression, but increased IFN-gamma expression and production in the BAL cells and fluids. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-12 has potent immunomodulatory effects on allergic lung inflammation that depend on the timing of IL-12 administration relative to allergic sensitization and allergen challenge.

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B, Yuvan, and Inniya C. "Nano Technology based Topical Semisolid Pharmaceutical dosage Forms." International Journal of Pharmacy and Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (December 25, 2014): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942576/ijpbe-v1i1p105.

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The pharmaceutical semisolid dosages are normally present in the form of paste, creams, gels, ointments. Generally these types of semisolid dosages are used only externally such as skin allergies, injuries, etc. The bases used in the semisolid pharmaceutical dosage are more sensitive to the skin. The topical semisolid medical dosages are spread smoothly on the body surface. It will react with the cells and injuries for long time because it adhered for long time. The main advantages of the semisolid dosage are it does not create side effects. This paper proposes the Nano technology based semisolid dosages which are more effective than conventional semisolids.

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Seifeldin, Raafat A., Amadeo Marcos-Alvarez, Fredric D. Gordon, W. David Lewis, and Roger L. Jenkins. "Nifedipine Interaction with Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant Recipients." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 5 (May 1997): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100508.

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible drug interaction between nifedipine and tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was done comparing two groups of liver transplant recipients. The starting time for comparison was the same after transplant. One group (n = 22) consisted of hypertensive patients who were treated with nifedipine; the other group (n = 28) did not receive nifedipine. The two groups were compared over 1 year. The effect of nifedipine on tacrolimus was measured in terms of tacrolimus whole blood trough concentrations, daily tacrolimus dosages, and cumulative tacrolimus dosages at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. All patient charts were reviewed with regard to concurrent medication that could affect the metabolism of tacrolimus and eventually affect tacrolimus concentrations and dosages. DATA COLLECTION: All required information was retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between daily dosage requirements of tacrolimus at 90 (p = 0.03), 180 (p = 0.004), and 365 (p = 0.0004) days between the nifedipine and no-nifedipine groups. The tacrolimus daily dosage in the nifedipine group was decreased by 26%, 29%, and 38% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, compared with the dosage of the no-nifedipine group. Statistically significant differences in cumulative dosages of tacrolimus were observed at 180 (p = 0.02) and 365 (p = 0.003) days between the nifedipine and no-nifedipine groups, with cumulative dosage reduction of 25% and 31% by 6 and 12 months, respectively, in the nifedipine group compared with the no-nifedipine group. CONCLUSIONS: Nifedipine decreased the daily and cumulative dosage requirement of tacrolimus. The interaction observed between nifedipine and tacrolimus is the first reported in humans and is clinically important. As a result of this drug interaction, it is recommended that blood concentrations of tacrolimus be monitored during coadministration of these drugs and that the tacrolimus dosage be adjusted accordingly.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dosage"

1

CARCEL, CORINNE. "Indications du dosage sanguin de la vitamine b1 : etude retrospective concernant 5359 dosages." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M404.

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Lima, Vanessa [UNESP]. "Investigação de agonismo tendencioso em α1A- e α1B-adrenoceptores." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102446.

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Agonistas induzem ou estabilizam diferentes conformações de receptores com 7 domínios transmembrana (7TMRs) levando à modulação diferencial das atividades desses receptor. Este fenômeno é conhecido como eficácia colateral ou pluridimensional, seletividade funcional ou agonismo tendencioso. Este trabalho investigou se drogas comumente utilizadas como agonistas de 1-adrenoceptores (as feniletilaminas noradrenalina, dopamina, fenilefrina e metoxamina; e as imidazolinas A61603, oximetazolina e nafazolina) apresentam agonismo tendencioso para a via proteína Gq-mobilização de Ca2+ intracelular ([Ca2+]i) ou para a internalização dependente de -arrestina em 1A- ou 1B-adrenoceptores humanos em células HEK293. O agonismo tendencioso foi determinado pela comparação equimolar e quantificado pela comparação das “razões de transdução” /KA ou razões das “eficiências de acoplamento” . Os métodos quantitativos de análise do agonismo tendencioso apontaram perfis semelhantes de seletividade funcional em 1A- e 1B-adrenoceptores. Em 1A-adrenoceptores, a dopamina apresentou agonismo tendencioso para a internalização, enquanto que a fenilefrina e o A61603 foram tendenciosos para a mobilização de [Ca2+]i. Todas as imidazolinas investigadas foram agonistas tendenciosos na internalização de 1B-adrenoceptores. Houve repercussões funcionais do agonismo tendencioso observado, uma vez que a oximetazolina promoveu taquifilaxia tanto em respostas mediadas por 1B-adrenoceptores nativos do baço do rato quanto em 1B-adrenoceptores recombinantes humanos indicando que a sua capacidade de induzir internalização de receptores não é restrita a receptores recombinantes. Além disso, houve forte correlação entre os log(/KA) de agonistas de 1-adrenoceptores em receptores nativos do rato e humanos recombinantes
Agonists induce or stabilize different conformations of 7 transmembrane domain receptors leading to differential modulation of receptor activities, a phenomenon known as collateral or pluridimentional efficacy, functional selectivity or biased agonism. This study investigates if some ligands commonly used as 1-adrenoceptors agonists (the phenylethylamines: noradrenaline, dopamine, phenylephrine and methoxamine; and the imidazolines: A61603, oxymetazoline and naphazoline) present biased signaling for Gq protein mediated intracellular calcium mobilization or -arrestin dependent receptor internalization in human recombinant 1A- and 1B-adrenoceptores expressed in HEK293 cells. The biased agonism was determined by equimolar comparison and quantified by transduction ratios (/KA) and coupling efficiency ratios (). Both methods for quantification of biased agonism discriminated similar profiles of functional selectivity in 1A- and 1B-adrenoceptores. In 1A-adrenoceptors, dopamine is biased for internalization, but phenylephrine and A61603 were biased for [Ca2+]i mobilization. On the other hand, all imidazolines were biased agonists for internalization of 1B-adrenoceptors. There are functional repercussions of the biased agonism presented by oxymetazoline, as this agonist induced tachyphylaxis in responses mediated by native 1B-adirenoceptors of the rat spleen and human recombinant 1B-adrenoceptors expressed in HEK293 cells, indicating that its ability to induce internalization is not restricted to recombinant receptors. In addition, there was a strong correlation between log(/KA) of 1-adrenoceptor agonists in rat native and human recombinant 1-adrenoceptors

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3

Lima, Vanessa. "Investigação de agonismo tendencioso em α1A- e α1B-adrenoceptores /." Botucatu, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102446.

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Orientador: André Sampaio Pupo
Banca: Claudio Miguel da Costa Neto
Banca: Rosely Oliveira Godinho
Banca: Carlos Renato Tirapelli
Banca: Carlos Alan Candido Dias Junior
Resumo: Agonistas induzem ou estabilizam diferentes conformações de receptores com 7 domínios transmembrana (7TMRs) levando à modulação diferencial das atividades desses receptor. Este fenômeno é conhecido como eficácia colateral ou pluridimensional, seletividade funcional ou agonismo tendencioso. Este trabalho investigou se drogas comumente utilizadas como agonistas de 1-adrenoceptores (as feniletilaminas noradrenalina, dopamina, fenilefrina e metoxamina; e as imidazolinas A61603, oximetazolina e nafazolina) apresentam agonismo tendencioso para a via proteína Gq-mobilização de Ca2+ intracelular ([Ca2+]i) ou para a internalização dependente de -arrestina em 1A- ou 1B-adrenoceptores humanos em células HEK293. O agonismo tendencioso foi determinado pela comparação equimolar e quantificado pela comparação das "razões de transdução" /KA ou razões das "eficiências de acoplamento" . Os métodos quantitativos de análise do agonismo tendencioso apontaram perfis semelhantes de seletividade funcional em 1A- e 1B-adrenoceptores. Em 1A-adrenoceptores, a dopamina apresentou agonismo tendencioso para a internalização, enquanto que a fenilefrina e o A61603 foram tendenciosos para a mobilização de [Ca2+]i. Todas as imidazolinas investigadas foram agonistas tendenciosos na internalização de 1B-adrenoceptores. Houve repercussões funcionais do agonismo tendencioso observado, uma vez que a oximetazolina promoveu taquifilaxia tanto em respostas mediadas por 1B-adrenoceptores nativos do baço do rato quanto em 1B-adrenoceptores recombinantes humanos indicando que a sua capacidade de induzir internalização de receptores não é restrita a receptores recombinantes. Além disso, houve forte correlação entre os log(/KA) de agonistas de 1-adrenoceptores em receptores nativos do rato e humanos recombinantes
Abstract: Agonists induce or stabilize different conformations of 7 transmembrane domain receptors leading to differential modulation of receptor activities, a phenomenon known as collateral or pluridimentional efficacy, functional selectivity or biased agonism. This study investigates if some ligands commonly used as 1-adrenoceptors agonists (the phenylethylamines: noradrenaline, dopamine, phenylephrine and methoxamine; and the imidazolines: A61603, oxymetazoline and naphazoline) present biased signaling for Gq protein mediated intracellular calcium mobilization or -arrestin dependent receptor internalization in human recombinant 1A- and 1B-adrenoceptores expressed in HEK293 cells. The biased agonism was determined by equimolar comparison and quantified by transduction ratios (/KA) and coupling efficiency ratios (). Both methods for quantification of biased agonism discriminated similar profiles of functional selectivity in 1A- and 1B-adrenoceptores. In 1A-adrenoceptors, dopamine is biased for internalization, but phenylephrine and A61603 were biased for [Ca2+]i mobilization. On the other hand, all imidazolines were biased agonists for internalization of 1B-adrenoceptors. There are functional repercussions of the biased agonism presented by oxymetazoline, as this agonist induced tachyphylaxis in responses mediated by native 1B-adirenoceptors of the rat spleen and human recombinant 1B-adrenoceptors expressed in HEK293 cells, indicating that its ability to induce internalization is not restricted to recombinant receptors. In addition, there was a strong correlation between log(/KA) of 1-adrenoceptor agonists in rat native and human recombinant 1-adrenoceptors
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4

Khosla, Rajiv. "Gastrointestinal transit of dosage forms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12741/.

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This thesis describes the results from a series of studies designed to evaluate the gastrointestinal transit of oral dosage forms. The transit of placebo pellet and tablet formulations was monitored using the technique of gamma scintigraphy. The formulations were radiolabelled with either technetium-99m or indium-lil. Four parameters, two physiological and two pharmaceutical, were selected for investigation. All the studies were conducted in healthy male volunteers. The first study examined the influence of the supine position on the gastric emptying of pellets in fasted and fed subjects. There was no marked difference between the supine and control gastric emptying data. As would be expected, food had a significant effect on gastric emptying. The influence of the time of day of administration on the gastrointestinal transit of pellets was investigated in fasted subjects. Transit of the pellets was not affected by their time of administration. The effect of the putative bioadhesive, polycarbophil, on the gastrointestinal transit of a pellet formulation was studied in fasted subjects. The pellets emptied from the stomach, rapidly and in an exponential manner. A set of studies was conducted to evaluate the transit of tablets in fed and fasted subjects. Tablet size did not affect gastric emptying, although there was an increase in the variability of gastric emptying with increasing tablet size. Food had a marked effect on gastric emptying. The rate of emptying was related to the energy content of the meal. Tablet size did not appear to be a determinant of transit through the ileocaecal sphincter. The colon transit and dispersion of the tablets was examined. Neither the ingestion of food nor defecation appeared to alter the rate of transit through the colon.

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Daille-Boularan, Anne-Marie. "Dosage des androgènes par bioluminescence." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON13512.

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Queiroz, Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de. "Dosage des nitrosamines dans l'eau." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT012G.

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Quatre methodes d'extraction et de concentration, en vue de l'analyse de neuf nitrosamines de la liste epa dans l'eau, sont etudiees. Les nitrosamines ont ete analysees jusqu'a des concentrations de l'ordre de 0,1 ppb par chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec un detecteur thermoionique, apres des extractions liquide-liquide avec du dichloromethane, ou sur phase solide (c8 et charbon actif en serie). Les methodes, purge en circuit ferme et distillation et extraction simultanees ne s'averent efficaces que pour les nitrosamines moins polaires. Les methodes et techniques d'analyses sont egalement testees sur des echantillons d'eau potable et nappe phreatique

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7

Guérin, André. "Le dosage de la proinsuline." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20812.

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Delauney, Bernard. "Dosage des thiols d'intérêt biologique par CLHP : application au dosage du glutathion réduit dans le sang." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P041.

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Rajabi-Siahboomi, Ali Reza. "Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in hydrophilic matrix dosage forms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385287.

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Tansey, Ian P. "Aspects of innovation in dosage forms." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303085.

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Books on the topic "Dosage"

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Pickar, Gloria D. Dosage calculations. 6th ed. Albany: Delmar, 1999.

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Erickson, Belle. Dosage calculations. 2nd ed. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corporation, 1991.

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Pickar, Gloria D. Dosage calculations. 3rd ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1990.

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Pickar, Gloria D. Dosage calculations. 4th ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1993.

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Oliver, Gina. Dosage calculations. 2nd ed. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corp., 1999.

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Pickar, Gloria D. Dosage calculations. Toronto, Ontario: Nelson Education, 2015.

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Pickar, Gloria D. Dosage calculations. 8th ed. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2008.

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Pickar, Gloria D. Dosage calculations. 2nd ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar, 1987.

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Pickar, Gloria D. Dosage calculations. 8th ed. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2008.

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Olsen, June Looby. Dosage calculations. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corp., 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dosage"

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Nahler, Gerhard. "dosage regimen." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 54. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_409.

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Lyubimov, Alexander V. "Dosage Formulation." In Preclinical Development Handbook, 571–626. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470249031.ch17.

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Karlm, Aslf, and Wolfgang Loth. "Dosage Equipment." In Microchemical Engineering in Practice, 187–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470431870.ch8.

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Lapham, Robert. "Dosage Calculations." In Drug Calculations for Nurses, 97–120. 5th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003057062-10.

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Augsburger, Larry L., and Stephen W. Hoag. "Advances in Capsule Formulation Development and Technology." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 1–14. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315111896-1.

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Khawam, Ammar. "Modeling Powder Filling during Encapsulation." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 283–306. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315111896-10.

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Augsburger, Larry L., and Michael Levin. "Scale-Up and Transfer of Hard Shell Formulations across Machine Types." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 307–16. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315111896-11.

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Fassihi, Reza. "Modified-Release Delivery Systems." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 317–44. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315111896-12.

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Cantor, Stuart L., and Asish K. Dutta. "Analytical Testing and Evaluation of Capsules." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 345–72. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315111896-13.

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Block, Lawrence H. "Rheological Aspects of Capsule Shell Excipients and the Manufacture of Encapsulated Formulations." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 373–92. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315111896-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dosage"

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Montgomery, Justin, Timothy McNally, Jay Hunger, and Sreedhar Subramanian. "Evaluation of Lignosulfonate Based Retarders for Thickening Time as a Function of Dosage and Temperature." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204327-ms.

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Abstract The retardation of class H Portland cement using lignosulfonates was investigated in the temperature range between 54°C and 153°C. Lignosulfonates with varying extent of modification was used in the study, and the optimum retarder dosage and temperature range to achieve desired thickening time was identified for different lignosulfonate types (non-modified, modified and highly modified). In general, a linear thickening response was observed at low retarder dosage, while a near exponential increase in thickening time response was observed at higher dosages. Defining the retarder dosage temperature relationship is essential for proper cement slurry design for securing desired placement of cement slurry. A significant finding is that the thickening time responses trend from near linear at low dosages, transitioning to near exponential at higher dosages. The observed results varied depending on the extent of modification performed on the lignosulfonate retarder. Pure lignosulfonate retarders produce optimal dosage response from 54°C to 97°C. Modified retarders work best in the range of 97°C to 118°C. While highly modified retarders perform best in the range of 118°C to 153°C. Defining the retarder dosage temperature relationship is essential for proper cement slurry design for securing desired placement of cement slurry.

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Beukes, Giancarlo, Gokul Nair, Mike Levin, and Sudesh Sivarasu. "Design of a Novel Dosage Counter for a Low-Cost Sleeve Attachment for Enhanced Usability of Any Standard Pressurised Metered Dosage Inhaler." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3277.

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The study focuses on developing a novel dosage counter system for a low-cost sleeve attachment device for enhancing the usability and functionality of any standard pressurised metered dosage inhaler (MDI). The paediatric metered dosage inhaler sleeve attachment’s (pMDI’s) primary function is to allow patients 5 years and older to safely use their inhalers, particularly in emergencies. Currently patients don’t know how many dosages are remaining in the MDIs, cant activate the devices and refuse to use their inhalers because of stigma, The dosage counter was a critical feature as it was discovered that patients are using empty inhalers, which leads to hospitalizations and increased mortality rates. A dosage counter was found to be a critical feature for the sleeve attachment, as all MDIs should have one.

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Barmatov, Evgeny, Trevor Hughes, Jack Li, Joshua Owen, Richard Barker, and Anne Neville. "Staged Acid Corrosion Inhibition for Matrix Acidizing Treatments: Concept Summary and Performance in Laboratory Experiments." In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205032-ms.

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Abstract This paper describes a staged acid corrosion inhibition concept for application in matrix acidizing treatments. The approach optimizes the performance of acid corrosion inhibitor (ACI) formulations used to protect coiled tubing (CT) and downhole casing during acid injection and flowback. The concept relies on polymerizable ACI chemistry. Matrix acidizing formulations are currently designed with a fixed ACI dosage throughout acid injection. The staged approach uses a higher ACI dosage (first stage) to establish a persistent inhibitor film followed by a lower ACI dosage (second stage) to maintain that film. The persistence of the first stage inhibitor film relies on polymerizable ACI chemistry. Staged performance was evaluated by weight loss and electrochemical testing on CT and casing steels in 15% hydrochloric acid at temperatures in the range 60 to 121°C. Rotating cylinder electrodes (RCEs) were used to compare performance under laminar and realistic turbulent flow conditions. An electrochemical flow cell (EFC) was used to quantify performance when the ACI dosage was changed during flow. The ACI dosage used in the second stage can be at least one order of magnitude lower than that in the first stage. Staged treatments can be designed for enhanced corrosion protection using a lower total quantity of inhibitor relative to conventional treatments. Optimum first and second stage ACI dosages depend on temperature and metal type. For CT in 15% hydrochloric acid, typical stage 1 and stage 2 dosages are 0.2 and 0.01 %, respectively, at temperatures ranging 77 to 99°C; these dosages increase to 1.0 and 0.05–0.1 % at 121°C. RCE testing showed robust performance under realistic dynamic flow conditions, and EFC testing showed good performance when the ACI dosage was changed during flow. The staged ACI concept achieves enhanced corrosion protection of CT and wellbore casing using a lower total quantity of inhibitor relative to conventional treatments. The next step is to evaluate the performance of staged ACI treatments in field experiments.

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M.Hussein, Ali, Nadir Nanakali, and Mohammed M.Hussein. "EFFECT OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM ON GASTRIC ULCER IN RAT." In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.742.

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Gastric ulcer is a chronic condition that occurs when the mucosa of the stomach is broken. There is a physiological equilibrium between aggressive factors and mucosal defense. This study aimed to determine the prevention level and efficiency of herbal medicinal plants (Hypericum perforatum) and compared with the omeprazole drug.Many groups were prepared from Albino male rats, first control group (inoculate with H. pylori and fed with standard pellet), Second group, rats inoculated by H. pylori and prevented with aqueous extract H. perforatum in two dosages (250mg/kg, 500mg/kg), Third group inoculated by H. pylori and prevented with standard drug omeprazole at the dose (20mg/kg).The result showed that H. perforatum inhibits (50.65%) stomach ulcer formation with a high dose. Omeprazole's' group results showed (24.50%) stomachs ulcer formation. Although the result of the current study improves, a high dosage of aqueous extracts of plants has more effectiveness than the low dosage of aqueous extracts of plants.

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Rakshana, B., B. Sai Swathi, B. Saranya, M. Pavithra, and N. Gowri Priya. "RFID: Drug dosage monitoring." In 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Green Energy and Healthcare Technologies (IGEHT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igeht.2017.8094104.

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Hans, Hesketh, Mila Citrawati, and Citra Ayu Aprilia. "The Effect of Electric Cigarette Nicotine Levels on Peak Expiratory Flow in Vape User Communities, South Jakarta." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.14.

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Background: Electronic Cigarette is one form of many nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) that uses energy from battery to deliver nicotine in gas form and by World Health Organization (WHO) defined as Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS). This study aimed to investigated the effect of electronic cigarette’s nicotine dosage on the peak expiratory flow (PEF). Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at VH Community-South Jakarta from February to march 2018. A Sample of 72 vapers was selected by consecutive sampling. It was divided into 3 groups: vapers who used 3 mg, 6 mg, and 12 mg nicotine dosage. The inclusion criteria were electric smokers healthy participants aged 19-24 years, normal body mass index, moderate physical activity, and only used e-cigarettes for more than 12 months. The exclusion criteria were the respondent had a history of respiratory disease. The dependent variable was peak expiratory flow (PEF). The independent variable was the nicotine dosage which obtained in electronic cigarette’s liquid. The research instrument used by Peak Flow Meter (PFM). The data was analyzed by Chi-square. Results: Chi-Square analysis showed the effect of electronic cigarette’s nicotine dosages to PEF (OR= 7.2; p< 0.001). Conclusion: The result showed that nicotine dosage which obtained in electronic cigarette’s liquid had effects with PEF. Therefore, each nicotine dosage has different effects to respiratory health. Because nicotine increases endothelial permeability, inhibits cell endothelial proliferation, and caused goblet cell metaplasia. Keyword: Electronic Cigarette, Nicotine, Peak Expiratory Flow Correspondence: Mila Citrawati. Departemen Fisiologi, FK UPN “Veteran” Jakarta. Jl. RS Fatmawati, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta 12450. E-mail: milacitrawati@upnvj.ac.id. Mobile: (021) 7656971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.14

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Kluft, C., A. McNeill, A. A. J. Adgey, D. C. Rijken, W. Nieuwenhuizen, and A. F. Cohen. "A RANDOMISED DOSE RANGING STUDY OF TWO-CHAIN TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (BW-t-PA) IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: IN VITRO MONITORING." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642974.

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In a randomised study, thirty patients with myocardial infarction received either 20, 50 or 100 mg recombinant BW-t-PA in 90 minutes. Blood samples were taken just before the infusion, and after 90 min. In vitro effects of t-PA were prevented by addition of 250 μg/ml polyclonal t-PA antibodies, which were shown to block in vitro actions of up to 5 μg t-PA/ml during plasma handling.There were dose related (MIU/kg/90 min) decreases of α2 -antiplas-min (AP, functional assay), plasminogen (PLG, streptokinase assay) and fibrinogen (FBG, Clauss) at 90 min (lineair regression: r = 0.67; 0.55 and 0.40, n = 30, all p < 0.05, resp.). Decreases for the 100 mg dose were for the respective components: 70 ± 10 (SD)%, 28 ± 7% and 33 ± 17% of pretreatment levels. The extent of the AP changes appeared to be the most sensitive parameters and these changes correlated with those in PLG and FBG. Pretreatment values of FBG were elevated (137 ± 37%) and at 90 minutes were 100 ± 23% of pooled plasma. Decreases in FBG were significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with absolute pretreatment levels, indicating preferential reductions of elevated levels of fibrinogen.Using our new enzymimmunoassays based on monoclonals for degradation products of fibrinogen (FDP), fibrin (FbDP) and the total (TDP), these products were measured in plasma (not serum). Before infusion 14 patients showed TDP levels (range: 0.5 - 2.3 μg/ml); at 90 min 29 patients (0.6 - 13 μg/ml. The increase in TDP accounted for only 0.75% (range up to 5.3%) of the apparent FBG reduction (Clauss) at 90 min. Detectable FbDP were generated in 24 patients at 90 min. For the two highest dosages the level (median 2.0 μg/ml) was significantly higher than at the dosage of 20 mg (median 0.85 μg/ml), indicating weaker fibrinolytic effect of t-PA at the lowest dosage. To evaluate the fibrinolytic/fibrinogenolytic effects of the t-PA the ratio FbDP/FDP was calculated. For the 50 mg dosage all ratios were ≥ 1; for 100 mg only 6 patients showed a ratio ≥ 1 at 90 min. This may indicate relative specific increase of fibrinogenolysis at higher dosages.

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Fiehn, H. "New technologies for high precision dosage." In IEE Colloquium on Microengineered Components for Fluids. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19961013.

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Yuan, Zhiguo, Herwig Bogaert, Peter Vanrolleghem, Chris Thoeye, Ghislain Vansteenkiste, and Willy Verstraete. "Carbon dosage control for predenitrification processes." In 1997 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1997.7082610.

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Houseman, C., D. Chen, M. Scro, D. A. Grande, M. Levine, and N. O. Chahine. "Treatment of Intervertebral Disc With Chondroitinase-ABC Results in Reversible Degeneration in Rat Tail Model." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19247.

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Injury models of intervertebral disc provide a strong tool for studying the etiology of degenerative disc disease. Enzymatic degradation of the IVD with injection of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) has been used in models of disc injury in rats, rabbits and goats [1–3], as well as used to induce repair of herniated discs in rabbits via chemonucleolysis [4, 7]. In a recent study, we investigated the dose effect of ChABC dosage on inducing disc degeneration [5]. Consistent with previous studies, our results found that a low dosage of ChABC (0.1 U/ml) resulted in decreased mechanical properties and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by 4 weeks post injections. Interestingly, when the dosage was increased to 10 U/ml, results indicated no measurable difference in GAG content or compressive mechanical properties after 4 weeks compared to sham saline injection or intact controls. These findings suggested that rat IVD was either unaffected by the enzymatic injection, or that it was capable of mounting a repair process after degradation with ChABC.

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Reports on the topic "Dosage"

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Dickens, Brian, and Eric Byrd. Programs to Estimate UV Dosage and Damage. National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7500.

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The system of programs described in this paper is concerned with estimating the damage ensuing from exposure of specimens in dry and humid atmospheres to UV and visible radiation covering the solar range. Damage is monitored quantitatively by changes in IR spectra. The dose is estimated from UV spectra of the lamps and the interference filters (used to isolate a particular wavelength range). The dosage is estimated from the dose and the UV absorption of the specimens themselves. These programs allow rapid estimation of dosage and damage from regions of data, and manipulation and processing of the massive amounts of data required to carry out such comprehensive tests in a complete yet user-friendly manner.

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Rada, Gabriel. What are the effects of using drugs packaged in unit doses to treat malaria? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170305.

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Millions of people contract malaria each year. The WHO currently promotes artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria, but this may be more difficult for patients to correctly adhere to than other treatments. Packaging a course of treatment in units of a single dose may be a more effective way of ensuring that patients take the correct dosage, and thus of increasing treatment success. In this approach, drugs to be taken together are packaged adjacent to each other, sometimes with colours or other markers to show that the drugs should be taken together.

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Burroughs, Jedadiah, Jason Weiss, and John Haddock. Influence of high volumes of silica fume on the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41288.

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Specialized classes of concrete, such as ultra-high-performance concrete, use volumes of silica fume in concrete that are higher than those in conventional concrete, resulting in increased water demand and mixing difficulty. This study considered the effects of eight different silica fumes in three dosages (10%, 20%, 30%) with three w/b (0.20, 0.30, 0.45) on rheological behavior as characterized by the Herschel-Bulkley model. Results indicated that the specific source of silica fume used, in addition to dosage and w/b, had a significant effect on the rheological behavior. As such, all silica fumes cannot be treated as equivalent or be directly substituted one for another without modification of the mixture proportion. The rheology of cement pastes is significantly affected by the physical properties of silica fume more so than any chemical effects.

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Fryer, Roland, and Meghan Howard Noveck. High-Dosage Tutoring and Reading Achievement: Evidence from New York City. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23792.

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Fan, Yihua, Xiaoyin Zhao, Xiaoxu He, and Huixin Chen. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis: A protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0153.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Eligibility criteria: 1.1.1 Literature type Randomized controlled trials of treating AGA with Chinese herbal compound alone, whether blind or not, was limited to Chinese literature and English literature.1.1.2 SubjectsThe time of onset, gender, and age of patients diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis were not restricted.1.1.3 Intervention measures The treatment group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine compound, which could be proprietary Chinese medicine, self-made prescription or classic prescription, and the dosage form could be traditional decoction, granule or pill, while the control group was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers, and the frequency, dosage and course of use were not limited.1.1.4 Outcome indicators(1) Main outcome measures: total response rate; (2) Secondary outcome indicators: visual analog scale (VAS), TCM syndrome score, blood uric acid, ESR, CRP, and incidence of adverse reactions.

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Fan, Yihua, Xiaoyin Zhao, Xiaoxu He, and Huixin Chen. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis: A protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0153.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Eligibility criteria: 1.1.1 Literature type Randomized controlled trials of treating AGA with Chinese herbal compound alone, whether blind or not, was limited to Chinese literature and English literature.1.1.2 SubjectsThe time of onset, gender, and age of patients diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis were not restricted.1.1.3 Intervention measures The treatment group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine compound, which could be proprietary Chinese medicine, self-made prescription or classic prescription, and the dosage form could be traditional decoction, granule or pill, while the control group was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers, and the frequency, dosage and course of use were not limited.1.1.4 Outcome indicators(1) Main outcome measures: total response rate; (2) Secondary outcome indicators: visual analog scale (VAS), TCM syndrome score, blood uric acid, ESR, CRP, and incidence of adverse reactions.

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Manski, Charles. Using Limited Trial Evidence to Credibly Choose Treatment Dosage when Efficacy and Adverse Effects Weakly Increase with Dose. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31305.

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Brixner, Berlyn, Edwin McmIllan, and Roger Allen Meade. An Attempt to Measure the Gamma Radiation Dosage at Hiroshima from Photosensitive Material. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1327999.

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Wilson, Walter Brent. Certification of Standard Reference Material® 3383 Yohimbe-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Powder. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.260-240.

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Bhatt, Monica, Jonathan Guryan, Salman Khan, Michael LaForest-Tucker, and Bhavya Mishra. Can Technology Facilitate Scale? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation of High Dosage Tutoring. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32510.

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